Small-diameter casing deformation combination instrument

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas field shaft engineering detection, and discloses a small-diameter casing deformation combination instrument, which comprises a shell and the following components coaxially arranged in the shell: a paper folding type flexible bracket and a fiber grating touch ring, a dry guided wave tomography ring module; rotating the Halbach eddy current chromatography module; a magnetoelastic resonance stress sensing module; a variable stiffness anti-sticking mechanism; a combined navigation and registration unit; a physical prior multi-modal fusion reconstruction unit; each electrical interface of the micro-pulse bulging crossing auxiliary module is electrically connected with the physical prior multi-mode fusion reconstruction unit through a backboard bus; and each mechanical connector is fixed with the annular connecting piece through a coaxial mounting seat. Multi-mode detection means such as tactile sense, guided wave, eddy current and magnetoelastic stress are integrated in a small-diameter shell, fusion reconstruction is achieved through a physical prior model and numerical iteration, and the geometric deviation, the wall thickness defect and the stress state of the casing can be obtained at the same time in the single well descending process.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of oil and gas well borehole engineering detection, in particular to a small-diameter casing deformation combination instrument. BACKGROUND

[0002] The existing oil well casing detection mainly adopts a single physical principle measurement method, such as using an ultrasonic transducer to obtain wall thickness information, using an electromagnetic induction method to detect local defects, or evaluating casing integrity through acoustic wave propagation characteristics. These devices are mostly based on a single module as the core, usually carrying out detection under standard well diameter conditions, and outputting a single type of measurement result in a single operation.

[0003] However, the above-mentioned single detection method of the prior art cannot simultaneously obtain the geometric deformation, wall thickness defect and stress state of the casing, resulting in a lack of unified coordinate and time reference between different physical information, often requiring multiple downhole operations, and it is difficult to form a complete corresponding relationship between the results. Under the condition of small-diameter casing, limited by the shell space and signal processing capability, the existing device is more difficult to realize integrated detection of multiple physical fields, and cannot meet the demand for comprehensive diagnosis of the casing state. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a small-diameter casing deformation combination instrument, which solves the problem that the single detection method of the prior art cannot simultaneously obtain the geometric deformation, wall thickness defect and stress state of the casing.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application realizes the following technical scheme: a small-diameter casing deformation combination instrument, comprising a shell and the following components coaxially arranged in the shell: A paper folding type compliant support and a fiber Bragg grating tactile ring; A dry waveguide tomography ring module; A rotating Halbach vortex tomography module; A magneto-elastic resonance stress sensing module; A variable stiffness anti-stuck mechanism; A combined navigation and registration unit; A physical priori multi-modal fusion reconstruction unit; A micro-pulse bulging crossing auxiliary module; Among them, the components are arranged in the order of paper folding type compliant support and fiber Bragg grating tactile ring, dry waveguide tomography ring module, rotating Halbach vortex tomography module, magneto-elastic resonance stress sensing module, variable stiffness anti-stuck mechanism, combined navigation and registration unit, physical priori multi-modal fusion reconstruction unit and micro-pulse bulging crossing auxiliary module along the shell axis; each electrical interface is electrically connected with the physical priori multi-modal fusion reconstruction unit through a backplane bus; each mechanical connection is fixed through a coaxial mounting seat and a ring-shaped connecting piece.

[0006] By the technical scheme, the combination instrument comprises a folded paper compliant support and a fiber grating touch ring, a dry waveguide tomography ring module, a rotating Halbach vortex tomography module, a magneto-elastic resonance stress sensing module, a variable stiffness anti-jamming mechanism, a combined navigation and registration unit, a physical prior multi-modal fusion reconstruction unit and a micro-pulse bulging crossing auxiliary module, each module is arranged in sequence along the shell axis, and signal and power connection is realized through a backplane bus and a power management, the combination instrument can adapt to a small diameter wellbore environment, since the above-mentioned multiple functional modules are compactly integrated in the same shell and unified data processing is realized through the physical prior multi-modal fusion reconstruction unit, the combination instrument can simultaneously obtain information of casing geometric deviation, wall thickness defect and stress state in one well operation, compared with the existing single detection mode, the application solves the problems of multiple physical information dispersion and multiple operations, and significantly improves the integrity and consistency of casing state diagnosis.

[0007] Preferably, the folded paper compliant support and the fiber grating touch ring comprise: a spiral folded paper latticed shell unit formed by adjacent rhombic folded paper pieces through a hinged shaft, a circumferentially distributed fiber grating sensor array is embedded in a side strip of the spiral folded paper latticed shell unit, equiangularly spaced micro-roller contacts are arranged outside the spiral folded paper latticed shell unit, adjacent folded paper nodes of the spiral folded paper latticed shell unit are connected with shape memory alloy driving pieces or micro-electro-hydraulic driving pieces, and a rotation shaft of the micro-roller contact is parallel to a shell axis.

[0008] Preferably, the dry waveguide tomography ring module comprises: a piezoelectric transducer array fixed at equiangular intervals on a ring-shaped mounting seat, a clock synchronization circuit connected with the piezoelectric transducer array, a digital-to-analog conversion circuit, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit and a programmable logic device circuit, the piezoelectric transducer array is connected with the programmable logic device circuit through a coaxial shielded cable, and the clock synchronization circuit and the programmable logic device circuit are mounted on the same circuit board.

[0009] Preferably, the rotating Halbach vortex tomography module comprises: a ring-shaped Halbach permanent magnet array, a ring-shaped multi-channel sensing coil group and an angle encoder, the ring-shaped Halbach permanent magnet array is rotationally connected with an inner wall of the shell through a bearing assembly, the angle encoder is coaxially arranged with the ring-shaped Halbach permanent magnet array, and the ring-shaped multi-channel sensing coil group is fixed at equiangular intervals along a circumference on a stator mounting ring and is electrically connected with a signal conditioning circuit.

[0010] Preferably, the magneto-elastic resonance stress sensing module comprises: two groups of magneto-elastic resonance beams arranged orthogonally to each other, a displacement pick-up element and a sweep frequency driving circuit, the two groups of magneto-elastic resonance beams are located in two directions orthogonal to the shell axis respectively, the displacement pick-up element and the sweep frequency driving circuit are mounted on the same support substrate and are electrically connected with the physical prior multi-modal fusion reconstruction unit.

[0011] Preferably, the variable stiffness anti-stuck mechanism comprises: a particle clamping cavity arranged along the outer periphery of the shell, a rheological elastic layer located outside the particle clamping cavity, an outer flexible coating layer, an axial micro-vibration actuator coaxially arranged with the shell, and a control variable input circuit, the particle clamping cavity and the rheological elastic layer are separated by a separation film, the axial micro-vibration actuator is arranged at the axial middle position of the particle clamping cavity, and the control variable input circuit is electrically connected with the combined navigation and registration unit.

[0012] Preferably, the combined navigation and registration unit comprises: a three-axis gyroscope, a three-axis accelerometer, a fluxgate sensor, a depth encoder, a collar event sensor, a processor and a non-volatile memory, the three-axis gyroscope, the three-axis accelerometer and the fluxgate sensor are installed on the same rigid carrier board, the depth encoder and the collar event sensor are connected with the processor through a signal interface, and the processor and the non-volatile memory are installed on a data processing board and communicate with the remaining modules through a backplane bus.

[0013] Preferably, the physical prior multi-modal fusion reconstruction unit comprises: a multi-layer data processing board, a backplane bus and a power management board, a processor, a hardware multiplication and addition operation unit, a clock synchronization circuit and a memory are arranged on the multi-layer data processing board, and the multi-layer data processing board is electrically connected with the folding type compliant support and fiber bragg grating tactile ring, the dry waveguide tomography ring module, the rotating halbach vortex tomography module and the magneto-elastic resonance stress sensing module through the backplane bus.

[0014] Preferably, the micro-pulse bulging crossing auxiliary module comprises: a short section annular cavity, a pressure source, a one-way valve, a pressure limiting valve, a pressure sensor and a radial displacement mechanical limiting piece, the short section annular cavity is sequentially communicated with the pressure source, the one-way valve and the pressure limiting valve through pipelines, the pressure sensor is communicated with the short section annular cavity, and the radial displacement mechanical limiting piece is arranged outside the short section annular cavity.

[0015] Preferably, the outer diameter of the shell is not greater than 50 mm, the folding type compliant support and fiber bragg grating tactile ring, the dry waveguide tomography ring module, the rotating halbach vortex tomography module, the magneto-elastic resonance stress sensing module, the variable stiffness anti-stuck mechanism, the combined navigation and registration unit, the physical prior multi-modal fusion reconstruction unit and the micro-pulse bulging crossing auxiliary module are arranged in the shell in sequence along the axial direction and coaxially arranged.

[0016] The present application provides a small-diameter casing deformation combination instrument, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention integrates multi-modal detection methods such as tactile sensing, guided waves, eddy currents, and magnetoelastic stress within a small-diameter casing, and achieves fusion reconstruction through physical prior models and numerical iterations. This enables the simultaneous acquisition of casing geometric deviations, wall thickness defects, and stress states during a single well run.

[0017] 2. This invention achieves radial expansion and contraction by using a combination structure of origami-style flexible support and fiber optic grating tactile ring, and obtains high-resolution contact displacement data through fiber optic grating sensor, which not only ensures the tool's passability in small-diameter sleeves, but also realizes continuous measurement of geometric deformation.

[0018] 3. This invention achieves eddy current cross-sectional tomography under small-diameter conditions in downhole drilling by combining a rotating Harbach permanent magnet array with a stator multi-channel sensing coil, and can obtain complex impedance information at different angles.

[0019] 4. This invention uses two sets of mutually orthogonally arranged magnetoelastic resonant beams combined with frequency sweep drive and vibration pickup elements to achieve direct detection of circumferential and axial stress, avoiding errors in indirect stress calculation, and providing a reliable source of stress data in the downhole environment. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a general structural diagram of the small-diameter sleeve deformation combination instrument of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a data flow and signal processing diagram of the small-diameter sleeve deformation combination instrument of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the overall operation of the small-diameter sleeve deformation combination instrument of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Please see the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 3 This invention provides a small-diameter sleeve deformation assembly, comprising a housing and the following components coaxially disposed within the housing: Origami-style compliant support and fiber optic grating tactile ring; Dry guided wave tomography ring module; Rotating Halbach eddy tomography module; Magnetoelastic resonance stress sensing module; Variable stiffness anti-jamming mechanism; Integrated navigation and registration unit; Physical prior multimodal fusion reconstruction unit; Micropulse bulging and crossing auxiliary module; The components are arranged along the housing axis in the following order: origami-style compliant bracket and fiber optic tactile ring, dry guided wave tomography ring module, rotating Halbach eddy tomography module, magnetoelastic resonance stress sensing module, variable stiffness anti-jamming mechanism, integrated navigation and registration unit, physical prior multimodal fusion reconstruction unit, and micropulse bulging crossing auxiliary module. Each electrical interface is electrically connected to the physical prior multimodal fusion reconstruction unit via a backplane bus. Each mechanical connection is fixed to the ring connector via a coaxial mounting base.

[0023] Specifically, the small-diameter sleeve deformation combined instrument includes a housing, a folding-type compliant support and fiber optic grating tactile ring, a dry guided wave tomography imaging ring module, a rotating Halbach eddy tomography module, a magnetoelastic resonance stress sensing module, a variable stiffness anti-jamming mechanism, a combined navigation and registration unit, a physical prior multimodal fusion reconstruction unit, and a micropulse bulging crossing auxiliary module. All of the above components are arranged sequentially and coaxially along the housing axis. Upper and lower connectors are provided at both ends of the housing, forming a sealed pressure-resistant cavity inside. Each component is fixed to the inner wall of the housing via an annular mounting base, a coaxial positioning sleeve, and fasteners. The acquisition board and processing board of each component are connected via a backplane bus, and the power management board provides independent branch power to each component. Fiber optic cables are inserted through the housing's inlet holes and sealed via a sealing cap and a stepped sealing groove. Step S1: Fix the origami-style compliant bracket and fiber optic grating tactile ring to the coaxial mounting base at the front of the housing; fix the dry waveguide tomography ring module to the annular mounting base at its rear; fix the stator mounting ring of the rotating Halbach eddy current tomography module to the middle section of the housing, install the annular Halbach permanent magnet array on the rotor, and rotatably connect the rotor to the inner wall of the housing through a bearing assembly; set the angle encoder coaxially with the rotor; install the magnetoelastic resonance stress sensing module on the middle and rear support substrate; set a variable stiffness anti-jamming mechanism on the outer periphery of the above components; install the combined navigation and registration unit on the data processing board and connect it to the depth and event interface; fix the multi-layer data processing board of the physical prior multimodal fusion reconstruction unit to one side of the backplane bus using positioning pins; install the short-section annular cavity and pipeline assembly of the micropulse bulging crossing auxiliary module at the tail section and complete the sealing check. Complete the electrical connection between each component and the backplane bus, and complete the wiring and insulation test between the power management board and each branch.

[0024] Step S2: Power the combined instrument, set the zero offset and time synchronization of the combined navigation and registration unit; zero-point calibration of the demodulation channel of the origami compliant support and the fiber Bragg tactile ring; transducer channel number correction and time synchronization of the dry guided wave tomography ring module; angle zero setting of the rotating Halbach vortex tomography module; setting the intrinsic frequency reference of the magnetoelastic resonance stress sensing module; loading the pre-model parameters of the physical prior multi-modal fusion reconstruction unit and establishing the data buffer.

[0025] Step S3: Connect the combined instrument to the upper joint through the cable tool string and slowly lower it to the target casing section. The combined navigation and registration unit outputs attitude, orientation, and depth data as the coordinate reference for subsequent acquisition. The variable stiffness anti-stuck mechanism on the outer periphery of the shell is in the initial stiffness state.

[0026] Step S4: In the target well section, the driving member drives the origami compliant support and the fiber Bragg tactile ring to expand radially, and the micro-roller contact points form equiangular contact with the casing inner wall, and the demodulation channel starts continuous acquisition of strain and contact displacement signals. The expansion stroke is constrained by mechanical limiters, maintaining coaxiality and circumferential uniformity. After expansion is complete, the combined navigation and registration unit records the reference attitude at this depth.

[0027] Step S5: The dry guided wave tomography ring module sequentially excites and receives according to the preset frequency sequence, forming multi-frequency time domain data; the rotating Halbach vortex tomography module drives the ring-shaped Halbach permanent magnet array to rotate at a constant angular velocity, and the angle encoder outputs angle data, and the ring-shaped multi-channel pickup coil group synchronously acquires complex impedance data; the magnetoelastic resonance stress sensing module sweeps the frequency of the two orthogonal resonant beams and records the frequency points; the origami compliant support and the fiber Bragg tactile ring continuously output the contact displacement matrix. Each data frame is annotated with attitude, orientation, and depth timestamps, and is sent in real time to the physical prior multi-modal fusion reconstruction unit through the backplane bus.

[0028] Step S6: When the combined navigation and registration unit detects a decrease in forward speed and an increase in contact power, the particle clamping cavity and the rheological elastic layer of the variable stiffness anti-stuck mechanism switch to a low stiffness conforming state according to the control variable, and the axial micro-vibration actuator is started to reduce the friction resistance; when the contact displacement output by the origami compliant support and the fiber Bragg tactile ring exceeds the preset threshold and the tool cannot continue to move forward, the micro-pulse bulging crossing assistance module pressurizes the short section ring cavity for a short time under the constraint of the pressure limiting valve, and immediately after crossing, the pressure is released and the micro-vibration action is stopped, and the variable stiffness anti-stuck mechanism returns to the initial state.

[0029] Step S7: The physical prior multi-modal fusion reconstruction unit receives and caches the data from the origami compliant stent and fiber grating tactile ring, dry waveguide tomography ring module, rotating Halbach vortex tomography module, and magnetoelastic resonance stress sensing module, executes a preset solution process, generates stage geometric deviation, wall thickness, and stress estimation results, and stores the results in association with the positioning parameters.

[0030] Step S8: Move along the well section at a predetermined step distance, repeat steps S4 to S7, and realize continuous scanning of the target casing section. For the depth point where the coupling event occurs, the combined navigation and registration unit records the event and labels the subsequent data frame for paragraph alignment during ground playback.

[0031] Step S9: After completing the scanning of the target casing section, the origami compliant stent and fiber grating tactile ring are retracted, the rotating Halbach vortex tomography module stops rotating, and all acquisition channels stop acquiring. The combined instrument is lifted to the wellhead and powered off. The backplane bus external interface and fiber optic lead-in are disconnected, the cable and upper joint are removed, and the shell appearance inspection is completed.

[0032] Step S10: The data stored in the physical prior multi-modal fusion reconstruction unit is exported to the ground processing system through a wired interface, and the stage results are fully fused and reconstructed to generate reports. The parameters required for the next operation are saved and archived.

[0033] The origami compliant stent and fiber grating tactile ring comprises a spiral origami lattice unit formed by adjacent rhombic origami sheets connected by hinge shafts, a circumferentially distributed fiber grating sensor array embedded in the edge strips of the spiral origami lattice unit, equiangularly spaced micro-roller contacts arranged on the outer side of the spiral origami lattice unit, adjacent origami nodes of the spiral origami lattice unit connected with shape memory alloy actuators or micro-electro-hydraulic actuators, and the rotation shafts of the micro-roller contacts parallel to the shell axis.

[0034] Specifically, the origami compliant stent and fiber grating tactile ring is fixed to the front section of the combined instrument shell, the stent is formed by connecting a plurality of rhombic origami sheets through hinge shafts to form a spiral origami lattice unit, the hinge shafts are distributed along the axial direction, the lattice unit can be switched between radial expansion and retraction, the two ends of the lattice unit are fixedly connected with the mounting seats on the inner wall of the shell through the annular connecting ring, the edge strips of each origami sheet are provided with embedding grooves, a fiber grating sensor array is embedded along the embedding grooves and fixed by an adhesive, the fiber output end is connected with a demodulation module through a fiber through-hole of the shell, On the outside of the helical latticed shell unit, a plurality of micro-roller contacts are arranged at equal angles, the rotation axis of the micro-roller is parallel to the shell axis, the rotation axis is fixed to the origami sheet through a bearing, and the displacement generated when the micro-roller contacts the inner wall of the sleeve is transmitted to the fiber grating sensor by the origami sheet, a plurality of nodes of the latticed shell unit are connected to shape memory alloy driving elements or micro-electro-hydraulic driving elements, the driving elements are fixed in the radial holes of the annular mounting seat, and the expansion and contraction of the driving elements drives the radial expansion and contraction of the latticed shell, In the expanded state, the micro-roller contacts form a continuous contact point column along the inner wall of the sleeve, the fiber grating sensor array outputs corresponding strain signals in real time, the signals are converted into displacement matrix data by the demodulation module and transmitted to the backplane bus, and the data are input into the physical prior multi-modal fusion reconstruction unit through the bus as geometric prior information for subsequent data inversion processing, In the contracted state, the origami sheet rotates around the hinge shaft, the micro-roller contacts are attached to the outer periphery of the shell, forming the smallest shape for passing through the reduced diameter sleeve section, and the contraction stroke of the driving element is constrained by the limit ring to ensure that the outer diameter after contraction is smaller than the outer diameter tolerance range of the shell.

[0035] The dry waveguide tomography ring module comprises: a piezoelectric transducer array fixed at equal angles on an annular mounting seat, a clock synchronization circuit connected with the piezoelectric transducer array, a digital-to-analog conversion circuit, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit and a programmable logic device circuit, the piezoelectric transducer array is connected with the programmable logic device circuit through a coaxial shielded cable, and the clock synchronization circuit and the programmable logic device circuit are installed on the same circuit board.

[0036] Specifically, the dry waveguide tomography ring module is installed in the front middle segment of the shell, the main body is supported by the annular mounting seat, the annular mounting seat is fixed to the inner wall of the shell through screws, the coaxiality is controlled by a positioning pin, a plurality of evenly distributed mounting grooves are formed on the outer periphery of the annular mounting seat, the piezoelectric transducer array is embedded in the mounting grooves at equal angles, the electrodes of each piezoelectric transducer are led out through a coaxial shielded cable, and the shielded cable is fixed through a clamping groove and a clamping piece to prevent loosening under the vibration condition in the well, The piezoelectric transducer array forms a complete closed loop on the mounting seat, each transducer in the array is numbered and corresponds to the acquisition circuit one by one, elastic washers are arranged between each transducer and the annular mounting seat to reduce the influence of mechanical impact in the well on signal quality, a wiring groove is arranged on the inner side of the annular mounting seat for accommodating the coaxial shielded cable, and an insulating sleeve is arranged at the outlet of the wiring groove to connect with the circuit board, A circuit board assembly is fixed on the rear side of the annular mounting seat, and a clock synchronization circuit, a digital-to-analog conversion circuit, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit and a programmable logic device circuit are sequentially welded on the circuit board.

[0037] The rotating Halbach vortex flow tomography module comprises: an annular Halbach permanent magnet array, an annular multi-channel induction coil set and an angle encoder, the annular Halbach permanent magnet array is rotationally connected with the inner wall of the shell through a bearing assembly, the angle encoder is coaxially arranged with the annular Halbach permanent magnet array, and the annular multi-channel induction coil set is fixed on the stator mounting ring at equal angular intervals in the circumferential direction and is electrically connected with a signal conditioning circuit.

[0038] Specifically, the rotating Halbach vortex flow tomography module is arranged in the middle section of the shell, and the main body thereof is composed of a rotor part, a stator part and a signal acquisition circuit, the rotor part comprises an annular Halbach permanent magnet array, the permanent magnet array is formed in an annular structure by arranging a plurality of permanent magnets according to a preset polarity, the permanent magnets are sequentially bonded on a yoke, the outer ring of the yoke is fixed with a rotor support ring through a limiting ring, the rotor support ring is rotationally connected with the inner wall of the shell through a pair of ball bearings, sealing rings are arranged on both sides of the bearings to prevent underground liquid from entering the bearing cavity, The angle encoder is coaxially arranged with the rotor, the shell of the angle encoder is fixed on the positioning seat of the inner wall of the shell, the rotor shaft of the angle encoder is coaxially connected with the yoke of the annular Halbach permanent magnet array, the output port of the angle encoder is connected with the signal conditioning circuit through a cable, and the rotating angle is output in real time, The stator part comprises an annular multi-channel induction coil set and a stator mounting ring, the stator mounting ring is fixed with the inner wall of the shell through screws, the induction coil set is arranged at equal angular intervals on the outer circle of the stator mounting ring, each induction coil is connected with the signal conditioning circuit through a cable, the winding of the induction coil is made of high-temperature-resistant insulated wire, the wire end is fixed on the connecting plate by welding, and is covered by an insulating cover, The signal conditioning circuit is installed on the back of the stator mounting ring and comprises an amplification circuit, a filter circuit and an analog-to-digital conversion circuit, the amplification circuit and the filter circuit are respectively used for conditioning the voltage signal output by the induction coil, the analog-to-digital conversion circuit converts the conditioned signal into a digital signal, all acquisition channels are synchronized with the angle data of the angle encoder, and the packaged data is transmitted to the physical prior multi-modal fusion reconstruction unit through the backplane bus.

[0039] The magneto-elastic resonance stress sensing module comprises two groups of mutually orthogonal magneto-elastic resonant beams, a displacement pickup element and a sweep frequency drive circuit, the two groups of magneto-elastic resonant beams are arranged in two directions perpendicular to the axis of the shell, the displacement pickup element and the sweep frequency drive circuit are installed on the same support substrate and electrically connected with the physical prior multi-modal fusion reconstruction unit.

[0040] Specifically, the magneto-elastic resonance stress sensing module is installed on the support substrate at the rear section of the shell, the support substrate is fixed to the inner wall of the shell by screws, and the module is composed of a magneto-elastic resonant beam assembly, a displacement pickup element, a sweep frequency drive circuit and an output interface, The magneto-elastic resonant beam assembly comprises two groups of resonant beams arranged in the circumferential and axial directions, each group of resonant beams is made of magneto-elastic material, the fixed end is fixed to the support substrate by a clamping block, and the other end is freely extended, the resonant beam generates natural vibration when excited by sweep frequency, the intrinsic frequency changes with the stress, and the arrangement directions of the two groups of resonant beams are perpendicular to each other to distinguish the responses to the circumferential and axial stresses, The displacement pickup element is arranged near the free end of the resonant beam to pick up the micro displacement signal of the beam, the displacement pickup element is installed on the support substrate by fasteners and ensures the constant gap between the resonant beam by flexible connection, and the electrical signal output by the pickup element is transmitted to the circuit board through a shielded cable.

[0041] The variable stiffness anti-stuck mechanism comprises a particle clamping cavity arranged along the outer periphery of the shell, a rheological elastic layer arranged outside the particle clamping cavity, an outer flexible coating layer, an axial micro-vibration actuator coaxially arranged with the shell, and a control variable input circuit, the particle clamping cavity and the rheological elastic layer are separated by a separation film, the axial micro-vibration actuator is arranged at the axial middle position of the particle clamping cavity, and the control variable input circuit is electrically connected with the combined navigation and registration unit.

[0042] Specifically, the variable stiffness anti-stuck mechanism is arranged at the middle section of the shell, and its components include a particle clamping cavity, a rheological elastic layer, an outer flexible coating layer, a separation film, an axial micro-vibration actuator and a control variable input circuit, The particle clamping cavity is a closed cavity arranged in the circumferential direction, and the cavity is filled with compactable particle material, the cavity is composed of a metal inner wall, an outer wall and a sealing ring at both ends, a cavity space is formed between the inner and outer walls, a rheological elastic layer is arranged on the outer periphery of the cavity, the rheological elastic layer and the outer flexible coating layer are arranged in layers, the outer flexible coating layer directly contacts with the wellbore fluid, a separation film is arranged between the cavity and the rheological elastic layer, the separation film is made of a high molecular film and is fixed by a pressing ring to prevent the particles in the cavity from seeping out, The axial micro-vibration actuator is arranged at the axial middle position of the particle clamping cavity, the actuator is fixed to the inner wall of the shell through a mounting seat, the output end of the actuator contacts with the cavity support ring, and the micro-vibration actuator generates periodic axial displacement after being energized, thereby driving the whole cavity to vibrate with a small amplitude.

[0043] The combined navigation and registration unit comprises a three-axis gyroscope, a three-axis accelerometer, a fluxgate sensor, a depth encoder, a collar event sensor, a processor and a non-volatile memory, the three-axis gyroscope, the three-axis accelerometer and the fluxgate sensor are installed on the same rigid carrier board, the depth encoder and the collar event sensor are connected to the processor through a signal interface, and the processor and the non-volatile memory are installed on a data processing board and communicate with the remaining modules through a backplane bus.

[0044] Specifically, the combined navigation and registration unit is installed in the circuit compartment of the middle section of the shell, and the main body comprises a three-axis gyroscope, a three-axis accelerometer, a fluxgate sensor, a depth encoder, a collar event sensor, a processor and a non-volatile memory, the three-axis gyroscope, the three-axis accelerometer and the fluxgate sensor are welded on the same rigid carrier board, the carrier board is fixed on the positioning step of the inner wall of the shell through screws, the sensitive axes of the three-axis gyroscope and the three-axis accelerometer are orthogonal to each other, and the fluxgate sensor is aligned with the main axis of the gyroscope, so as to keep the measurement coordinate system consistent. The depth encoder is arranged at the mechanical interface of the shell and the cable connection end, the rotating shaft of the depth encoder is connected to the cable drum through a shaft coupling, and depth pulse signals are output during the lowering and lifting of the tool, the collar event sensor is installed at the sensing window position of the outer wall of the shell, and the collar event signal output by the sensor is connected to the circuit board through a wire, The processor and the non-volatile memory are installed on the data processing board, the data processing board is fixed on the inner wall of the shell through a positioning column, the processor has a plurality of data acquisition interfaces and is connected to the three-axis gyroscope, the three-axis accelerometer, the fluxgate sensor, the depth encoder and the collar event sensor, and the non-volatile memory is connected to the processor through a bus and is used for storing attitude parameters, depth data and event records. The processor runs a preset filtering algorithm, fuses the output data of the three-axis gyroscope, the three-axis accelerometer and the fluxgate sensor, and calculates the attitude and azimuth angle, the processor simultaneously receives the depth encoder signal and the collar event sensor signal, marks them under the corresponding time stamp, and outputs the fused attitude, azimuth and depth data to the backplane bus through a data interface for calling by a physical prior multi-modal fusion reconstruction unit and other modules.

[0045] The physical prior multi-modal fusion reconstruction unit comprises a plurality of data processing boards, a backplane bus and a power management board, a processor, a hardware multiplication and addition operation unit, a clock synchronization circuit and a memory are arranged on the plurality of data processing boards, and the plurality of data processing boards are electrically connected to the acquisition boards of a foldable compliant support and a fiber bragg grating touch ring, a dry waveguide tomography ring module, a rotating halbach vortex tomography module and a magnetoelastic resonance stress sensing module through the backplane bus.

[0046] Specifically, the physical prior multi-modal fusion reconstruction unit is arranged in the circuit compartment of the rear section of the shell, the unit is composed of a multi-layer data processing board, a backplane bus and a power management board, the multi-layer data processing board is stacked in sequence along the axial direction and is fixed through positioning pins and spacing columns, electrical connection is realized between layers through high-speed connectors, the edge of the data processing board is butted with the backplane bus slot to form a modular plug-in structure, The multi-layer data processing board is provided with a processor, a hardware multiplication and addition operation unit, a clock synchronization circuit and a memory, the processor is of a multi-core architecture and is responsible for receiving, scheduling and controlling various data, the hardware multiplication and addition operation unit is arranged near the processor and is directly connected with the processor through a bus interface and is used for performing matrix calculation and numerical iteration, the clock synchronization circuit is welded at a corner of the board and is connected with a common clock line of the backplane bus to provide a unified time base for all channels, the memory is divided into a cache and a non-volatile storage unit, the cache is used for temporarily storing data during real-time processing underground, and the non-volatile storage is used for storing preset model parameters and acquisition results, The unit is directly connected with the acquisition plates of the origami type compliant support and the fiber grating tactile ring, the dry waveguide tomography ring module, the rotating Halbach vortex tomography module and the magnetoelastic resonance stress sensing module, the signals are transmitted to the multi-layer data processing board through independent channels of the backplane bus, the processor fuses data of different sources according to time stamps and positioning information, calls the shell mechanics, electromagnetic and waveguide forward models in the memory during the fusion process, and performs iterative calculation through the hardware multiplication and addition operation unit to generate intermediate results of geometric deviation, wall thickness and stress distribution.

[0047] The micro-pulse bulging crossing auxiliary module comprises a short section annular cavity, a pressure source, a one-way valve, a pressure limiting valve, a pressure sensor and a radial displacement mechanical limiting piece, the short section annular cavity is sequentially communicated with the pressure source, the one-way valve and the pressure limiting valve through pipelines, the pressure sensor is communicated with the short section annular cavity, and the radial displacement mechanical limiting piece is arranged outside the short section annular cavity.

[0048] Specifically, the micro-pulse bulging crossing auxiliary module is installed at the tail section of the shell, and components thereof include a short section annular cavity, a pressure source, a one-way valve, a pressure limiting valve, a pressure sensor and a radial displacement mechanical limiting piece, The short section annular cavity is fixedly connected with the shell through a metal cavity piece, the cavity is arranged along the axial direction of the shell, a closed annular space is formed between the inner wall and the outer wall, a pipeline interface is arranged on the cavity wall, the interface is connected with the pressure source, the one-way valve and the pressure limiting valve respectively, the pipeline adopts a high-pressure metal pipe and is fixed through a clamp joint, the pressure source is located in the circuit compartment and is connected with a control circuit, can charge working medium into the short section annular cavity when a trigger signal arrives, the one-way valve is installed on the pipeline between the pressure source and the cavity and is used for maintaining the cavity pressure, and the pressure limiting valve is installed on the bypass pipeline of the cavity and is used for preventing the cavity pressure from exceeding a predetermined threshold, The pressure sensor is communicated with the annular cavity of the short section through a pressure tapping, and monitors the pressure in the cavity in real time, and transmits the signal to the control circuit through a cable. The radial displacement mechanical limiting part is installed on the outer periphery of the annular cavity of the short section, and is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the cavity, so as to limit the maximum deformation of the cavity in the radial direction and ensure that the outer diameter does not exceed the design value, The power supply and control of the module are connected with the power management board through the backplane bus, and the trigger condition is provided by the combined navigation and registration unit and the origami compliant stent and fiber grating tactile ring. When it is detected that the tool is blocked in the reduced diameter well section, the control circuit drives the pressure source to charge the annular cavity of the short section, the cavity expands in the radial direction for a short time, the radial displacement is constrained by the mechanical limiting part, and after the crossing is completed, the pressure limiting valve is opened, the cavity pressure is released, and the annular cavity of the short section returns to the initial state.

[0049] The outer diameter of the shell is not greater than 50 mm. The origami compliant stent and fiber grating tactile ring, dry waveguide tomography ring module, rotating Halbach vortex tomography module, magnetoelastic resonance stress sensing module, variable stiffness anti-sticking mechanism, combined navigation and registration unit, physical prior multi-modal fusion reconstruction unit and micro-pulse expansion crossing auxiliary module are arranged in the shell in sequence along the axial direction and coaxially arranged.

[0050] Specifically, the overall outer diameter of the shell of the small-diameter casing deformation combination instrument is not greater than 50 mm, the upper joint and the lower joint are arranged at both ends of the shell, which can be connected with the conventional downhole cable tool string, and the origami compliant stent and fiber grating tactile ring, dry waveguide tomography ring module, rotating Halbach vortex tomography module, magnetoelastic resonance stress sensing module, variable stiffness anti-sticking mechanism, combined navigation and registration unit, physical prior multi-modal fusion reconstruction unit and micro-pulse expansion crossing auxiliary module are arranged in the shell in sequence, and each module is fixed on the inner wall of the shell through the coaxial positioning ring and the annular mounting seat, and the axial arrangement order is consistent, During operation, the combination instrument is first connected with the wellhead cable device through the upper joint, the shell outer diameter is checked to meet the wellbore drift requirement, the tool is slowly lowered to the target casing section, the origami compliant stent and fiber grating tactile ring are unfolded, the contact point is attached to the casing inner wall, then the dry waveguide tomography ring module, the rotating Halbach vortex tomography module and the magnetoelastic resonance stress sensing module work in the preset acquisition order in sequence, the signals obtained are transmitted to the physical prior multi-modal fusion reconstruction unit through the backplane bus, the combined navigation and registration unit continuously outputs the attitude, orientation and depth information in the whole process, and the data of each module is marked and aligned, When encountering a local diameter reduction or a blocked well section, the variable stiffness anti-stuck mechanism and the micro-pulse expansion crossing auxiliary module switch states or trigger short-time pressurization according to the control logic, ensuring that the tool can continue to advance, complete the measurement of the target casing section, and then the paper folding compliant support and the fiber Bragg grating tactile ring are folded, all acquisition modules stop working, the combined instrument is lifted back to the wellhead, after the tool is recovered, the data stored in the physical a priori multi-modal fusion reconstruction unit are exported to the ground processing system through the interface, and subsequent fusion operation and result analysis are completed.

[0051] While embodiments of the present application have been shown and described with reference to particular embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. The scope of the application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A small-diameter casing deformation assembly instrument, characterized in that, Includes the housing and the following components coaxially disposed within the housing: Origami-style compliant support and fiber optic grating tactile ring; Dry guided wave tomography ring module; Rotating Halbach eddy tomography module; Magnetoelastic resonance stress sensing module; Variable stiffness anti-jamming mechanism; Integrated navigation and registration unit; Physical prior multimodal fusion reconstruction unit; Micropulse bulging and crossing auxiliary module; The components are arranged along the housing axis in the following order: origami-style compliant bracket and fiber optic tactile ring, dry guided wave tomography ring module, rotating Halbach eddy tomography module, magnetoelastic resonance stress sensing module, variable stiffness anti-jamming mechanism, integrated navigation and registration unit, physical prior multimodal fusion reconstruction unit, and micropulse bulging crossing auxiliary module. Each electrical interface is electrically connected to the physical prior multimodal fusion reconstruction unit via a backplane bus. Each mechanical connection is fixed to a ring connector via a coaxial mounting base.

2. The small-diameter sleeve deformation assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The origami-style compliant support and fiber optic grating tactile ring include: a spiral origami mesh shell unit formed by adjacent rhomboid origami pieces connected by a hinge axis; a circumferentially distributed fiber optic grating sensor array embedded in the side strips of the spiral origami mesh shell unit; micro roller contacts with equal angular intervals provided on the outer side of the spiral origami mesh shell unit; adjacent origami nodes of the spiral origami mesh shell unit connected to a shape memory alloy drive or a micro-electro-hydraulic drive; and the rotation axis of the micro roller contacts being parallel to the shell axis.

3. The small-diameter sleeve deformation assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dry guided wave tomography ring module includes: a piezoelectric transducer array fixed at equal angles to a ring mounting base, a clock synchronization circuit connected to the piezoelectric transducer array, a digital-to-analog converter circuit, an analog-to-digital converter circuit, and a programmable logic device circuit. The piezoelectric transducer array is connected to the programmable logic device circuit via a coaxial shielded cable, and the clock synchronization circuit and the programmable logic device circuit are mounted on the same circuit board.

4. The small-diameter sleeve deformation assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating Halbach eddy current tomography module includes: a ring-shaped Halbach permanent magnet array, a ring-shaped multi-channel sensing coil group, and an angle encoder. The ring-shaped Halbach permanent magnet array is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the housing through a bearing assembly. The angle encoder is coaxially arranged with the ring-shaped Halbach permanent magnet array. The ring-shaped multi-channel sensing coil group is fixed on the stator mounting ring at equal angular intervals along the circumference and is electrically connected to the signal conditioning circuit.

5. The small-diameter sleeve deformation assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetoelastic resonance stress sensing module includes: two sets of magnetoelastic resonant beams arranged orthogonally to each other, a displacement vibration pickup element and a sweep frequency drive circuit. The two sets of magnetoelastic resonant beams are located in two directions orthogonal to the shell axis. The displacement vibration pickup element and the sweep frequency drive circuit are mounted on the same support substrate and electrically connected to the physical prior multimodal fusion reconstruction unit.

6. The small-diameter sleeve deformation assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The variable stiffness anti-jamming mechanism includes: a particle clamping cavity arranged along the outer periphery of the housing, a rheoelastic layer and an outer flexible covering layer located outside the particle clamping cavity, an axial micro-vibration actuator arranged coaxially with the housing, and a control variable input circuit. The particle clamping cavity and the rheoelastic layer are separated by an isolation membrane. The axial micro-vibration actuator is located at the axial center of the particle clamping cavity. The control variable input circuit is electrically connected to the integrated navigation and registration unit.

7. The small-diameter sleeve deformation assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The integrated navigation and registration unit includes: a three-axis gyroscope, a three-axis accelerometer, a fluxgate sensor, a depth encoder, a coupling event sensor, a processor, and non-volatile memory. The three-axis gyroscope, the three-axis accelerometer, and the fluxgate sensor are mounted on the same rigid carrier plate. The depth encoder and the coupling event sensor are connected to the processor through a signal interface. The processor and the non-volatile memory are mounted on a data processing board and communicate with the other modules through a backplane bus.

8. The small-diameter sleeve deformation assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The physical prior multimodal fusion reconstruction unit includes: a multilayer data processing board, a backplane bus, and a power management board. The multilayer data processing board is equipped with a processor, a hardware multiply-accumulate unit, a clock synchronization circuit, and a memory. The multilayer data processing board is electrically connected to the acquisition board of the origami-type compliant bracket and fiber optic tactile ring, the dry guided wave tomography ring module, the rotating Halbach eddy tomography module, and the magnetoelastic resonance stress sensing module through the backplane bus.

9. The small-diameter sleeve deformation assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The micropulse expansion and crossing auxiliary module includes: a short annular cavity, a pressure source, a one-way valve, a pressure limiting valve, a pressure sensor, and a radial displacement mechanical limiting component. The short annular cavity is connected to the pressure source, the one-way valve, and the pressure limiting valve in sequence through pipelines. The pressure sensor is connected to the short annular cavity. The radial displacement mechanical limiting component is disposed on the outside of the short annular cavity.

10. The small-diameter sleeve deformation assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer diameter of the housing is no more than 50 mm. The origami-type compliant support and fiber optic grating tactile ring, the dry waveguide tomography ring module, the rotating Halbach eddy tomography module, the magnetoelastic resonance stress sensing module, the variable stiffness anti-jamming mechanism, the integrated navigation and registration unit, the physical prior multimodal fusion reconstruction unit, and the micropulse bulging crossing auxiliary module are arranged sequentially along the axial direction and coaxially within the housing.

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