Sludge thickness detection equipment for water conservancy detection and detection method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of sludge thickness detection, and discloses sludge thickness detection equipment for water conservancy detection and a detection method.The sludge thickness detection equipment comprises a base, an adjusting detection mechanism is installed at the top of the base, a supporting mechanism is installed at the bottom of the adjusting detection mechanism, and floating mechanisms are arranged on the two sides of the base; the supporting mechanism comprises four shell sleeves, springs are fixedly connected to the inner walls of the shell sleeves, limiting blocks are fixedly connected to the other ends of the springs, connecting rods are fixedly connected to the other ends of the limiting blocks, a mounting table is fixedly connected to the other ends of the connecting rods, and a driving assembly is mounted on the inner wall of the mounting table. And the inner wall of the driving assembly is fixedly connected with a scraping plate. In the invention, the overall design is combined with power transmission and elastic buffering, so that the automation degree of sludge detection is improved, the adaptability and measurement stability of equipment in a complex water area are enhanced, and the detection efficiency and data reliability are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of silt thickness detection technology, and in particular to a silt thickness detection device and method for hydraulic engineering testing. Background Technology

[0002] In the fields of water conservancy projects and environmental management, accurately measuring the thickness of silt at the bottom of water bodies is an important foundation for assessing siltation, optimizing dredging plans, and improving the aquatic ecological environment. Traditional silt detection methods include acoustic detection, bottom sediment sampling, and remote sensing technology. However, in shallow water areas or situations requiring rapid on-site measurement, mechanical detection tools (such as detection rods) are still widely used due to their ease of operation, low cost, and intuitive results.

[0003] The core principle of the detection rod method is to install the rod on the shore or boat by fixing a base plate, and then determine the thickness of the sediment layer by using the adhesion characteristics of the sediment through the physical contact between the rod and the silt. Specifically, during the vertical insertion of the detection rod, the silt will form obvious adhesion marks on the surface of the rod. By measuring the distance from this mark to the bottom of the rod, the thickness of the silt can be directly obtained.

[0004] Traditional detection methods, when using fixed detection equipment on the shore, often have a measurement range limited by the instrument's detection distance, making it difficult to cover large areas of water. If the detection device is installed on a boat, factors such as water undulations and boat swaying make it difficult to ensure that the detection rod remains vertical, thus affecting the accuracy of the measurement data. Furthermore, mechanical detection rods are still widely used in shallow water areas due to their simple structure and convenient operation. However, traditional manual operation methods are easily affected by environmental interference, which can also affect the accuracy of the detection results. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a silt thickness detection device and method for hydraulic testing, which solves the problem that it is difficult to ensure that the detection rod is always kept vertical, thus affecting the accuracy of the measurement data.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A silt thickness detection device for water conservancy testing includes a base, an adjustment detection mechanism installed on the top of the base, a support mechanism installed at the bottom of the adjustment detection mechanism, and floating mechanisms provided on both sides of the base. The support mechanism includes four housings. Springs are fixedly connected to the inner walls of the housings. A limiting block is fixedly connected to the other end of each spring. A connecting rod is fixedly connected to the other end of each limiting block. A mounting platform is fixedly connected to the other end of each connecting rod. A drive assembly is installed on the inner wall of the mounting platform. A scraper is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the drive assembly. A cutting blade is fixedly connected to the bottom of the scraper. A support base is fixedly connected to the bottom of the cutting blade.

[0007] Preferably, the drive assembly includes a second motor, the second motor is externally fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting platform, the drive end of the second motor is fixedly connected to a drive gear, the inner wall of the mounting platform is rotatably connected to a driven gear, the drive gear and the driven gear are meshed, and the scraper is externally fixedly connected to the inner wall of the driven gear.

[0008] Preferably, the adjustment and detection mechanism includes a fixed box, the bottom of which is fixedly connected to the top of the base. A motor is mounted on the top of the fixed box, a lead screw is fixedly connected to the drive end of the motor, a threaded block is threaded to the external thread of the lead screw, a movable sleeve is fixedly connected to the bottom of the threaded block, a support platform is fixedly connected to the bottom of the movable sleeve, a fixed plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support platform, a hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the top of the fixed plate, and a detection rod is fixedly connected to the drive end of the hydraulic cylinder.

[0009] Preferably, the outer surface of the threaded block is slidably connected to the inner wall of the fixed box, and the top of the shell is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixed plate.

[0010] Preferably, the floating mechanism includes two floating plates, which are rotatably connected to both sides of the base. Two mounting plates are installed on both sides of each floating plate, and a floating airbag is fixedly connected to one side of each mounting plate.

[0011] Preferably, a distance sensor is provided on the inner wall of the fixing plate, and a display screen is provided on the outside of the fixing box.

[0012] Preferably, the limiting block is externally slidably connected to the inner wall of the housing, and the connecting rod is externally slidably connected to the bottom of the housing.

[0013] Preferably, the inner wall of the scraper is in contact with the outer side of the detection rod, and the outer side of the drive gear is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the mounting platform.

[0014] Preferably, one side of one of the floating plates is rotatably connected to two hooks, and one side of the other floating plate is rotatably connected to two connecting rings, with the hooks connected to the connecting rings.

[0015] A method for detecting silt thickness includes the following steps: S1. First, push the two floating plates inward to make the hook easy to rotate. Rotate the hook to disengage it from the connecting ring, thereby unfolding the floating mechanism. Fix the air bladder to the bottom of the floating plate, insert the mounting plate to complete the fixation, and place the unfolded floating mechanism and base on the water surface to ensure that the equipment floats stably. S2. When the first motor drives the lead screw to rotate, it moves the threaded block, causing the support platform, fixed plate and shell to move forward. The connecting rod pushes the mounting platform and scraper forward, and the cutting blade contacts the aquatic plants. The second motor of the drive assembly is started, and the active gear drives the driven gear to rotate, which drives the scraper to rotate. The cutting blade removes the aquatic plants. After the support seat contacts the silt, the compression spring buffers the pressure to ensure stable support. The hydraulic cylinder is started to press down the detection rod to insert into the silt. The distance sensor detects the displacement of the detection rod, and the data is displayed on the display screen in real time. S3. Finally, the hydraulic cylinder retracts the detection rod, the motor reverses, causing the threaded block to drive the moving sleeve to reset. When the detection rod moves back, the scraper rotates to scrape off the silt on its surface, disassembles the floating air bladder, and rotates the hook in the opposite direction to fasten the connecting ring, so that the floating plates are brought together, completing the storage.

[0016] In summary, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The motor-driven lead screw transmission system enables precise linear movement control, allowing the cutting device to advance stably and automatically adjust the contact pressure between the support base and the silt. The spring buffer mechanism effectively absorbs impact force, ensuring the support base lands smoothly on the bottom. The rotating cutting blades can efficiently remove aquatic weeds and ensure a smooth working environment for the detection rod. The overall design combines power transmission and elastic buffering, which not only improves the automation level of silt detection but also enhances the adaptability and measurement stability of the equipment in complex waters, significantly improving detection efficiency and data reliability.

[0017] 2. The adjustable floating structure and convenient installation method significantly improve the flexibility and adaptability of the equipment. The two floating plates can be freely retracted or extended for easy transportation and storage. The quick-unlocking design of the hooks and connecting rings simplifies the assembly process. The modular installation of the air bladders enhances the stability and buoyancy adjustment capability of the equipment. The overall structure is easy to operate and can effectively adapt to different aquatic environments, improve the efficiency and accuracy of silt detection, and reduce the cost of use and maintenance.

[0018] 3. The hydraulically driven detection rod achieves precise lowering and resetting, while the distance sensor measures and displays the sludge thickness in real time, greatly improving detection efficiency and data accuracy. During the resetting process, the motor-driven rotating scraper automatically cleans the residual sludge on the surface of the detection rod, avoiding cross-contamination. The dynamic cleaning mechanism enhances the scraping force, ensuring that the detection rod remains clean at all times. The overall process is highly automated, integrating measurement, resetting, and cleaning functions into one, significantly reducing manual intervention. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a silt thickness detection device and method for hydraulic testing proposed in this invention; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the support platform for a silt thickness detection device and method for hydraulic testing proposed in this invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting rod of the silt thickness detection device and detection method for water conservancy testing proposed in this invention; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point B in the middle; Figure 6 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point C in the middle; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the floating air bladder in the silt thickness detection device and method for hydraulic testing proposed in this invention. Figure 8 for Figure 7 Enlarged view of point D in the middle.

[0020] The components include: 1. Base; 2. Adjustment and detection mechanism; 21. Fixing box; 22. Motor 1; 23. Lead screw; 24. Threaded block; 25. Moving sleeve; 26. Support platform; 27. Fixing plate; 28. Hydraulic cylinder; 29. ​​Detection rod; 3. Support mechanism; 31. Shell; 32. Spring; 33. Limiting block; 34. Connecting rod; 35. Mounting platform; 36. Drive assembly; 361. Motor 2; 362. Drive gear; 363. Driven gear; 37. Scraper; 38. Cutting blade; 39. Support seat; 4. Floating mechanism; 41. Floating plate; 42. Mounting plate; 43. Floating airbag; 44. Hook; 45. Connecting ring; 5. Distance sensor; 6. Display screen. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 To be continued Figure 8 The present invention will be further described in detail below.

[0022] Reference Appendix Figure 1 , attached Figure 4 and attached Figure 5 This invention provides a silt thickness detection device and method for water conservancy testing, including a base 1, an adjustment detection mechanism 2 installed on the top of the base 1, a support mechanism 3 installed at the bottom of the adjustment detection mechanism 2, and floating mechanisms 4 on both sides of the base 1. The device is stably positioned on the water surface by the base 1, which can effectively maintain the balance of the device in the water and provide a reliable foundation for subsequent testing work. Specifically, the base 1 floats stably on the water surface, the floating mechanisms 4 on both sides ensure balance, the adjustment and detection mechanism 2 controls the vertical lowering of the detection component, the support mechanism 3 assists in positioning, the detection component uses ultrasonic waves or mechanical tactile sensing to measure the thickness of the silt, the data is transmitted to the processing unit in real time, the adjustment mechanism can adapt to different water depths to ensure accurate bottom contact detection, and finally obtain accurate silt thickness data, which is suitable for water conservancy projects and environmental monitoring fields.

[0023] The support mechanism 3 includes four housings 31. Springs 32 are fixedly connected to the inner walls of the housings 31. A limiting block 33 is fixedly connected to the other end of each spring 32. A connecting rod 34 is fixedly connected to the other end of each limiting block 33. A mounting platform 35 is fixedly connected to the other ends of the multiple connecting rods 34. The design of the support mechanism 3 ensures that the equipment remains stable under different water depths, thereby improving the accuracy and consistency of the detection. A drive assembly 36 is installed on the inner wall of the mounting platform 35. A scraper 37 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the drive assembly 36. The bottom of the scraper 37 is fixedly connected to... The device is equipped with a cutting blade 38, and a support base 39 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the cutting blade 38. The combination of the scraper 37 and the cutting blade 38 can effectively handle silt and aquatic plants, ensuring that the thickness measurement is not affected by debris, thereby improving the reliability of the measurement results. The external sliding connection of the limiting block 33 is on the inner wall of the housing 31, and the external sliding connection of the connecting rod 34 is on the bottom of the housing 31. This design enables the device to form good support and stability during operation, minimize measurement errors, and ensure accurate detection of silt thickness. Specifically, the springs 32 inside the four housings 31 provide cushioning, allowing the connecting rod 34 to float up and down with changes in water depth, ensuring the stability of the mounting platform 35. The drive assembly 36 drives the scraper 37 and cutting blade 38 to rotate, clearing silt and weeds from the detection area to avoid interfering with the measurement. The limiting block 33 slides within the housings 31, and with the elastic support of the springs 32, the equipment remains stable even when impacted by water flow or on an uneven riverbed. The support base 39 contacts the riverbed to assist in positioning, ensuring the detection assembly descends vertically, thus improving the accuracy and reliability of silt thickness measurement.

[0024] Reference Appendix Figure 4 and attached Figure 6The drive assembly 36 includes a second motor 361, which is externally fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting platform 35. The drive end of the second motor 361 is fixedly connected to a drive gear 362, and the inner wall of the mounting platform 35 is rotatably connected to a driven gear 363. The drive gear 362 and the driven gear 363 are meshed. Through this gear transmission component, the power of the motor can be efficiently transmitted to the scraper 37 and the cutting blade 38, enabling them to work smoothly and quickly handle obstacles such as weeds. The scraper 37 is externally fixedly connected to the inner wall of the driven gear 363, ensuring that the scraper 37 can work in coordination with the cutting blade 38 at any time during operation, thereby clearing surrounding debris before dredging silt and creating conditions for accurate measurement. Specifically, motor 361 drives the drive gear 362 to rotate, which in turn drives the driven gear 363 to rotate. The driven gear 363 drives the scraper 37 fixed on its inner wall to rotate synchronously, so that the cutting blade 38 at the bottom cuts and cleans the silt and aquatic plants. This gear transmission component ensures efficient power transmission, so that the scraper 37 and the cutting blade 38 can quickly break and remove obstacles when they encounter them, preventing debris from interfering with the detection. At the same time, the stable operation of motor 361 ensures that the cleaning process is continuous and uniform, providing an unobstructed detection environment for subsequent silt thickness measurement and improving data accuracy.

[0025] Reference Appendix Figure 2 and attached Figure 3The adjustable detection mechanism 2 includes a fixed box 21, the bottom of which is fixedly connected to the top of the base 1. A motor 22 is mounted on the top of the fixed box 21, and a lead screw 23 is fixedly connected to the drive end of the motor 22. The combination of the motor 22 and the lead screw 23 allows for flexible adjustment of the detection depth, effectively meeting the detection needs of sludge of different thicknesses and further improving the adaptability of the equipment. A threaded block 24 is threaded to the outside of the lead screw 23, and a movable sleeve 25 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the threaded block 24. A support platform 26 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the movable sleeve 25. This structure allows the depth of subsequent components to be controlled by adjusting the lead screw 23, thereby achieving accurate measurement of sludge thickness. A fixed plate 27 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support platform 26, and a hydraulic system is mounted on the top of the fixed plate 27. The hydraulic cylinder 28 has a fixed connection to the drive end of the detection rod 29. The application of the hydraulic cylinder 28 enables the detection rod 29 to move steadily up and down, ensuring good controllability and sensitivity during the measurement process to obtain accurate data. The threaded block 24 is externally slidably connected to the inner wall of the fixed box 21. The top of the housing 31 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixed plate 27. The inner wall of the scraper 37 is in contact with the outside of the detection rod 29, which enables the cleaning function and prevents the detection rod 29 from being affected by mud during the measurement process, ensuring the accuracy of the measurement data. The external rotation of the drive gear 362 is connected to the inner wall of the mounting platform 35, so that the operation of the motor 361 can instantly drive the scraper 37 to perform cleaning work, keeping the equipment in good working condition and fully improving work efficiency. Specifically, the adjustment detection mechanism 2 drives the lead screw 23 to rotate via motor 22, which in turn moves the threaded block 24 up and down along the inner wall of the fixed box 21, thereby adjusting the height of the moving sleeve 25, the support platform 26, and the fixed plate 27 to achieve the initial depth adjustment of the detection rod 29. The hydraulic cylinder 28 further precisely controls the vertical displacement of the detection rod 29, allowing it to smoothly insert into the silt layer for measurement. During the detection process, the motor 361 of the drive assembly 36 drives the scraper 37 and the cutting blade 38 to rotate at high speed through the meshing of the drive gear 362 and the driven gear 363, clearing the silt and weeds around the detection rod 29 and preventing impurities from interfering with the measurement accuracy. The spring 32 and the limiting block 33 of the support mechanism 3 provide a buffer structure to ensure that the equipment remains stable even when the water flow is fluctuating or the riverbed is uneven. The entire component works in concert, enabling the detection rod 29 to accurately reach the bottom of the silt and providing real-time feedback of thickness data through the sensor, thus achieving efficient and accurate silt thickness detection.

[0026] Reference Appendix Figure 7 and attached Figure 8The floating mechanism 4 includes two floating plates 41, which are rotatably connected to both sides of the base 1. Two mounting plates 42 are installed on both sides of the floating plates 41. A floating air bladder 43 is fixedly connected to one side of the mounting plate 42. The design of the floating air bladder 43 ensures the buoyancy of the equipment on the water surface, giving it good floating performance and adapting to different water conditions. Two hooks 44 are rotatably connected to one side of one floating plate 41, and two connecting rings 45 are rotatably connected to one side of the other floating plate 41. This design makes it more convenient to deploy and retrieve the two floating plates 41, reduces the complexity of operation, and improves the efficiency of the equipment. Specifically, the rotatable floating plates 41 on both sides and the air bladder 43 provide stable buoyancy, enabling the equipment to adapt to water surface fluctuations. When the equipment enters the water, the air bladder 43 inflates, increasing the drainage volume and ensuring that the base 1 floats stably. The design of the hook 44 and the connecting ring 45 facilitates quick connection or fixation of the equipment, making it convenient for transportation and deployment. The two floating plates 41 can rotate around the base 1, and can flexibly adjust their angle when encountering obstacles to reduce resistance. This mechanism effectively improves the adaptability and ease of operation of the equipment in different water depths and flow velocities, providing a stable waterborne operation platform for testing work.

[0027] Reference Appendix Figure 1 and attached Figure 4 The inner wall of the fixing plate 27 is equipped with a distance sensor 5, and the outside of the fixing box 21 is equipped with a display screen 6. The real-time monitoring of the distance sensor 5 and the data feedback of the display screen 6 enable the operator to grasp the detection data at any time, so as to make timely adjustments and decisions, effectively improving the ease of operation of the equipment and the accuracy of measurement. Specifically, the distance sensor 5 monitors the depth of the detection rod 29 in real time and feeds back the silt thickness data to the control unit. The display screen 6 displays the measurement values ​​simultaneously, so that the operator can intuitively grasp the detection progress and results. When the detection rod 29 touches the bottom of the silt, the distance sensor 5 accurately calculates the thickness through signal changes, and the data is processed and updated on the display screen 6 in real time.

[0028] A method for detecting silt thickness includes the following steps: S1. First, push the two floating plates 41 inward to make the hook 44 easy to rotate. Rotate the hook 44 to disengage it from the connecting ring 45, thereby unfolding the floating mechanism 4. Fix the air bladder 43 to the bottom of the floating plate 41. Insert the mounting plate 42 to complete the fixation. Place the unfolded floating mechanism 4 and the base 1 on the water surface to ensure that the equipment floats stably. S2. When the motor 22 drives the lead screw 23 to rotate, it moves the threaded block 24, causing the support platform 26, the fixed plate 27 and the housing 31 to move forward. The connecting rod 34 pushes the mounting platform 35 and the scraper 37 forward. The cutting blade 38 contacts the aquatic plants. The motor 361 of the drive assembly 36 is started. Through the active gear 362, the driven gear 363 is driven, causing the scraper 37 to rotate. The cutting blade 38 removes the aquatic plants. After the support seat 39 contacts the silt, the compression spring 32 buffers the pressure to ensure stable support. The hydraulic cylinder 28 is started to press down the detection rod 29 to insert into the silt. The distance sensor 5 detects the displacement of the detection rod 29, and the data is displayed on the display screen 6 in real time. S3. Finally, the hydraulic cylinder 28 retracts the detection rod 29, the motor 1 22 reverses, causing the threaded block 24 to drive the moving sleeve 25 to reset. When the detection rod 29 moves back, the scraper 37 rotates to scrape off the silt on its surface. The motor 2 361 continues to run, disassembles the floating air bag 43, and rotates the hook 44 in the opposite direction to fasten the connecting ring 45, so that the floating plate 41 is brought together, completing the storage.

[0029] Working principle: When the equipment is needed, the two floating plates 41 are pushed close together, making it easy for the hook 44 to rotate. At this time, the hook 44 can be rotated to disengage from the connecting ring 45, so that the two floating plates 41 can be unfolded. Then, the air bladder 43 is installed at the bottom of the floating plate 41 by inserting the mounting plate 42 into the slot of the floating plate 41, so that the air bladder 43 is installed at the bottom of the floating plate 41. The installed equipment is then placed on the water surface. At this time, by starting motor 22, the lead screw 23 will rotate. The rotation of the lead screw 23 will move the threaded block 24, which in turn will move the moving sleeve 25. The moving sleeve 25 will then push the support platform 26, which in turn will move the fixing plate 27. The fixing plate 27 will then move the housing 31, causing the connecting rod 34 to move the mounting platform 35. The movement of the mounting platform 35 will then move the scraper 37, causing the cutting blade 38 and the support base 39 to move. When encountering aquatic plants, starting motor 361 will drive the drive gear 362 to rotate. The rotation of the drive gear 362 will then drive the driven gear... The wheel 363 rotates, and the rotation of the driven gear 363 drives the scraper 37 to rotate the cutting blade 38. Finally, the cutting blade 38 cuts the aquatic plants. The continuous rotation of the threaded block 24 drives the mounting platform 35 to move continuously, so that the support base 39 presses against the silt. At this time, the support base 39 pushes the mounting platform 35, which in turn pushes the connecting rod 34 to move. The movement of the connecting rod 34 causes the limiting block 33 to compress the spring 32. The spring 32 is compressed and deformed, generating elastic potential energy. Finally, the elastic potential energy makes the support base 39 contact the silt, providing support for the subsequent measurement operation of the detection rod 29. The detection rod 29 is moved by the hydraulic cylinder 28 and inserted into the sludge to detect its thickness. During measurement, the distance sensor 5 detects the distance the detection rod 29 moves and sends the result back to the display screen 6. After measurement, the hydraulic cylinder 28 is activated to move and reset the detection rod 29. Then, the motor 22 drives the lead screw 23 to rotate the threaded block 24, which in turn moves the moving sleeve 25 to reset. During the reset process, the detection rod 29 contacts the scraper 37, allowing its surface to be cleaned. During the cleaning process, the motor 361 drives the drive gear 362 to rotate the driven gear 363, causing the inner wall of the scraper 37 to rotate outside the detection rod 29. This increases the scraping strength of the scraper 37 in removing the sludge outside the detection rod 29, thus improving the cleaning effect.

[0030] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A silt thickness detection device for hydraulic engineering testing, comprising a base (1), characterized in that: An adjustment and detection mechanism (2) is installed on the top of the base (1), a support mechanism (3) is installed on the bottom of the adjustment and detection mechanism (2), and a floating mechanism (4) is provided on both sides of the base (1). The support mechanism (3) includes four housings (31), with springs (32) fixedly connected to the inner walls of the housings (31), and a limiting block (33) fixedly connected to the other end of the springs (32). A connecting rod (34) is fixedly connected to the other end of the limiting block (33), and a mounting platform (35) is fixedly connected to the other end of the multiple connecting rods (34). A drive assembly (36) is installed on the inner wall of the mounting platform (35), and a scraper (37) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the drive assembly (36). A cutting blade (38) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the scraper (37), and a support base (39) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the cutting blade (38).

2. The silt thickness detection device for hydraulic testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive assembly (36) includes a second motor (361), the second motor (361) is externally fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting platform (35), the drive end of the second motor (361) is fixedly connected to a drive gear (362), the inner wall of the mounting platform (35) is rotatably connected to a driven gear (363), the drive gear (362) and the driven gear (363) are meshed, and the scraper (37) is externally fixedly connected to the inner wall of the driven gear (363).

3. The silt thickness detection device for hydraulic testing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adjustment and detection mechanism (2) includes a fixed box (21), the bottom of which is fixedly connected to the top of the base (1). A motor (22) is installed on the top of the fixed box (21). A lead screw (23) is fixedly connected to the drive end of the motor (22). A threaded block (24) is threaded to the outside of the lead screw (23). A movable sleeve (25) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the threaded block (24). A support platform (26) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the movable sleeve (25). A fixed plate (27) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support platform (26). A hydraulic cylinder (28) is installed on the top of the fixed plate (27). A detection rod (29) is fixedly connected to the drive end of the hydraulic cylinder (28).

4. The silt thickness detection device for hydraulic engineering testing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The threaded block (24) is externally slidably connected to the inner wall of the fixed box (21), and the top of the shell (31) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixed plate (27).

5. The silt thickness detection device for hydraulic engineering testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The floating mechanism (4) includes two floating plates (41), which are rotatably connected to both sides of the base (1). Two mounting plates (42) are installed on both sides of each floating plate (41), and a floating airbag (43) is fixedly connected to one side of each mounting plate (42).

6. The silt thickness detection device for hydraulic engineering testing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner wall of the fixing plate (27) is provided with a distance sensor (5), and the outside of the fixing box (21) is provided with a display screen (6).

7. The silt thickness detection device for hydraulic engineering testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting block (33) is externally slidably connected to the inner wall of the housing (31), and the connecting rod (34) is externally slidably connected to the bottom of the housing (31).

8. The silt thickness detection device for hydraulic testing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner wall of the scraper (37) is in contact with the outer side of the detection rod (29), and the outer side of the drive gear (362) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the mounting platform (35).

9. A silt thickness detection device for hydraulic engineering testing according to claim 5, characterized in that: One of the floating plates (41) has two hooks (44) rotatably connected to one side, and the other floating plate (41) has two connecting rings (45) rotatably connected to one side, with the hooks (44) connected to the connecting rings (45).

10. A method for detecting silt thickness, using a silt thickness detection device for hydraulic testing as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. First, push the two floating plates (41) inward to make the hook (44) easy to rotate. Rotate the hook (44) to disengage it from the connecting ring (45), thereby unfolding the floating mechanism (4). Fix the air bladder (43) to the bottom of the floating plate (41), insert the mounting plate (42) to complete the fixation, and place the unfolded floating mechanism (4) and the base (1) on the water surface to ensure that the equipment floats stably. S2. The first motor (22) drives the lead screw (23) to rotate, which drives the threaded block (24) to move, causing the support platform (26), the fixed plate (27) and the shell (31) to move forward. The connecting rod (34) pushes the mounting platform (35) and the scraper (37) forward. The cutting blade (38) contacts the aquatic plants. The second motor (361) of the drive assembly (36) is started. The driven gear (363) is driven to rotate through the active gear (362), which drives the scraper (37) to rotate. The cutting blade (38) removes the aquatic plants. After the support seat (39) contacts the silt, the compression spring (32) buffers the pressure to ensure stable support. The hydraulic cylinder (28) is started to press down the detection rod (29) to insert into the silt. The distance sensor (5) detects the displacement of the detection rod (29). The data is displayed on the display screen (6) in real time. S3. Finally, the hydraulic cylinder (28) retracts the detection rod (29), the motor (22) reverses, causing the threaded block (24) to drive the moving sleeve (25) to reset. When the detection rod (29) moves back, the scraper (37) rotates to scrape off the silt on its surface (the motor (261) continues to run), the floating air bag (43) is disassembled, the hook (44) is rotated in the opposite direction to fasten the connecting ring (45), so that the floating plate (41) is closed, and the storage is completed.

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