Thermal runaway test system of energy storage battery and control method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of battery performance testing, and discloses a thermal runaway testing system and control method for an energy storage battery, and the system comprises a control module which is connected with an execution module, and is used for controlling the power supply state of the execution module to a heating plate, so that the heating plate heats a tested battery, and the heating plate is in contact with the surface of the tested battery; the sensing module is connected with the control module and used for collecting state information of the tested battery and sending the state information to the control module; and the control module is also used for performing thermal runaway judgment according to the state information, and adjusting the power supply state of the execution module according to a thermal runaway judgment result, so that the heating plate stops heating the tested battery. According to the invention, the automatic test of the thermal runaway of the battery can be realized, the test rate and the test accuracy are improved, errors and delay caused by manual observation and hysteresis of manual operation are eliminated, the heating of the battery can be ended in time when the thermal runaway occurs, and the increase of the spreading risk of the thermal runaway is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery performance testing technology, and specifically to a thermal runaway testing system and control method for energy storage batteries. Background Technology

[0002] Thermal runaway testing of energy storage batteries is an essential test for battery development, safety protection design, and grid access product inspection. Based on the method of battery abuse, i.e., the form that triggers thermal runaway, thermal runaway can be categorized into various test forms such as overcharging, heating, nail penetration, and crushing. Heating-triggered thermal runaway testing simulates the characteristics of a battery after thermal runaway under the presence of an external heat source. This test typically triggers thermal runaway by placing a heating plate on the battery surface, while simultaneously collecting data such as battery voltage and temperature during the thermal runaway process. To better study the battery's thermal runaway response characteristics, the power supply to the heating plate must be immediately shut off after thermal runaway occurs during the test. The criteria for determining thermal runaway are usually ignition, explosion, or continuous observation of three temperature changes exceeding 3°C / s (the definition may vary depending on the standard).

[0003] The existing technology has the following disadvantages: (1) It relies on manual observation of temperature curve changes and visual identification of fire / explosion, resulting in high response delay and easy to miss thermal runaway; (2) The manual power-off operation is delayed, which increases the risk of thermal runaway spread. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a thermal runaway testing system and control method for energy storage batteries to solve the problem of delay caused by relying on manual observation and operation for thermal runaway.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a thermal runaway testing system for an energy storage battery. The system includes: a control module, an execution module, a sensing module, and a heating plate, the heating plate being in contact with the surface of the test battery; the control module, connected to the execution module, is used to control the power supply state of the execution module to the heating plate, so that the heating plate heats the test battery; the sensing module, connected to the control module, is used to collect the state information of the test battery and send the state information to the control module; the control module is also used to make a thermal runaway judgment based on the state information, and adjust the power supply state of the execution module according to the thermal runaway judgment result, so that the heating plate stops heating the test battery.

[0006] The thermal runaway testing system for energy storage batteries provided by this invention controls the power supply status of the execution module to the heating plate via a control module, enabling the heating plate to heat the test battery. A sensing module collects the state information of the test battery and sends this information to the control module. The control module determines thermal runaway based on this information and adjusts the power supply status of the execution module accordingly, stopping the heating plate from heating the test battery. By deploying a control module, this invention enables control over the power supply status of the execution module. Simultaneously, the control module acquires the test battery state information collected by the sensing module, quickly determines thermal runaway, and promptly adjusts the power supply status when thermal runaway is detected. This eliminates errors and delays caused by manual observation and the lag of manual operation, ensuring that heating of the battery is stopped promptly when thermal runaway occurs, thus preventing an increased risk of thermal runaway propagation.

[0007] In one optional implementation, the control module includes: a real-time control unit, a thermal runaway judgment unit, and a hardware interlock circuit; the real-time control unit, connected to the sensing module and the execution module, is used to receive the status information of the test battery collected by the sensing module; the thermal runaway judgment unit, connected to the real-time control unit, is used to make a thermal runaway judgment based on the status information; the real-time control unit is also used to generate a power control command based on the thermal runaway judgment result and send the power control command to the execution module; the hardware interlock circuit, connected to the execution module, is used to generate a power cut-off command when the operating state of the thermal runaway test system is abnormal and send the power cut-off command to the execution module.

[0008] This invention uses a real-time control unit to determine thermal runaway based on the state of the test battery, providing an active power-off control method with fast response and low risk of missed thermal runaway detection, thus preventing increased risk of thermal runaway propagation. Furthermore, the hardware interlock circuit provides a backup power-off control method based on the system's operating status. When normal and timely active power-off is not possible, it directly drives the relay array of the execution module to switch the power supply circuit, further preventing increased risk of thermal runaway propagation.

[0009] In one optional implementation, the execution module includes: a programmable DC power supply and a relay array; the programmable DC power supply is connected to the real-time control unit and the heating plate, and is used to supply power to the heating plate or terminate the power supply to the heating plate according to a power control command; the relay array is connected to a hardware interlock circuit, and is used to cut off the power supply from the programmable DC power supply to the heating plate according to a power cut-off command.

[0010] This invention, by deploying a programmable DC power supply, can actively cut off power according to power control commands, ensuring timely termination of heating of the test battery in the event of thermal runaway risk. Simultaneously, deploying a relay array enables backup power cutting based on power cut-off commands, preventing situations where active power cutting is impossible due to system failures.

[0011] In one optional implementation, the sensing module includes: a thermocouple array, a flame sensor, and a pressure sensor; the thermocouple array is deployed on the surface of the test battery and connected to the real-time control unit via a temperature acquisition instrument to collect multiple temperature signals corresponding to multiple surface locations of the test battery; the flame sensor is deployed inside the explosion-proof enclosure where the test battery is located and connected to the real-time control unit via a signal conditioning circuit to detect ultraviolet pulse signals inside the explosion-proof enclosure, the ultraviolet pulse signals being used to determine whether a fire has occurred; the pressure sensor is deployed inside the explosion-proof enclosure where the test battery is located and connected to the real-time control unit via a signal conditioning circuit to detect pressure signals inside the explosion-proof enclosure, the pressure signals being used to determine whether an explosion has occurred.

[0012] This invention, by deploying a thermocouple array, a flame sensor, and a pressure sensor, can accurately identify whether the current temperature signal of the test battery is abnormal, whether it is on fire, or whether it has exploded. This allows for accurate determination of whether the test battery is experiencing thermal runaway, and further battery development can be based on the battery's performance when thermal runaway occurs, thereby improving the reliability of the battery during use.

[0013] In one optional implementation, the system further includes: a data analysis module, which includes: a data analysis engine and a database; the data analysis engine is connected to the real-time control unit and is used to acquire status information and thermal runaway judgment results, and generate status analysis results based on the status information; the database is connected to the data analysis engine and is used to store the status analysis results.

[0014] This invention, by deploying a data analysis module, avoids the tedious manual data export process, simplifies the workflow, saves data analysis time, and enables batch testing. It also provides testers with more accurate, reliable, and richer data analysis results.

[0015] Secondly, the present invention provides a control method for a thermal runaway testing system for an energy storage battery. The method is applied to a control module in a thermal runaway testing system for an energy storage battery according to the first aspect above or any corresponding embodiment. It further includes an execution module, a sensing module, and a heating plate. The method includes: generating a power-on command and sending the power-on command to the execution module, causing the execution module to supply power to the heating plate, and the heating plate to heat the test battery; acquiring the state information of the test battery collected by the sensing module and performing a thermal runaway judgment based on the state information; if there is a risk of thermal runaway, generating a power-off command and sending the power-off command to the execution module, causing the execution module to stop supplying power to the heating plate, and the heating plate to stop heating the test battery.

[0016] The control method of the thermal runaway testing system for energy storage batteries provided by this invention generates a power-on command through a control module, controls the execution module to supply power to the heating plate, heats the test battery, acquires the state information of the test battery, and judges thermal runaway based on the state information. If a risk of thermal runaway exists, a power-off command is generated, controls the execution module to stop supplying power to the heating plate, and stops heating the test battery. This invention can control the power supply state of the execution module based on the control module, simultaneously acquire the state information of the test battery and quickly judge thermal runaway. When thermal runaway is judged, the power supply state is proactively adjusted in a timely manner, eliminating the errors and delays caused by manual observation and the lag of manual operation, ensuring that heating of the battery is stopped in time when thermal runaway occurs, and avoiding an increase in the risk of thermal runaway propagation.

[0017] In one optional implementation, the status information includes: multiple temperature signals, ultraviolet pulse signals, and pressure signals. Thermal runaway judgment is performed based on the status information, including: judging whether the temperature change rate of the temperature signal meets the thermal runaway condition, judging whether the ultraviolet pulse signal is greater than or equal to a first preset threshold, and judging whether the pressure signal is greater than or equal to a second preset threshold; if any one of them is met, it is determined that there is a risk of thermal runaway.

[0018] This invention, by assessing temperature, ultraviolet pulse, and pressure, can accurately determine whether a test battery is at risk of thermal runaway from multiple perspectives, improving the speed and accuracy of assessment and avoiding delays and errors caused by manual observation.

[0019] In one optional implementation, determining whether the temperature change rate of the temperature signal satisfies the thermal runaway condition includes: acquiring surface position information corresponding to multiple temperature signals and determining the surface center temperature based on the surface position information; calculating the temperature change rate corresponding to the surface center temperature according to a preset time interval and determining whether the temperature change rate is greater than or equal to a third preset threshold; if it is greater than or equal to the third preset threshold, generating a trigger signal and sending the trigger signal to a counter to accumulate the count; otherwise, generating a reset signal and sending the reset signal to the counter to reset the counter to zero; determining whether the accumulated count is greater than or equal to a fourth preset threshold; if it is greater than or equal to the fourth preset threshold, determining that the temperature change rate satisfies the thermal runaway condition.

[0020] This invention can accurately determine whether the temperature of a test battery is abnormal by judging the rate of change of the surface center temperature of the test battery and the corresponding number of times, thus avoiding misjudgment when the test battery has an occasional high temperature rise rate but can recover on its own.

[0021] In an optional implementation, the method further includes: acquiring the operating status of the thermal runaway test system and determining whether there is an abnormality in the operating status; if there is an abnormality, generating a power cut-off command and sending the power cut-off command to the execution module to cut off the power supply from the execution module to the heating plate, and the heating plate stops heating the test battery.

[0022] This invention provides a backup power failure control method, which can directly drive the relay array of the execution module to switch the power supply circuit when it is impossible to actively cut off the power normally and in a timely manner, thereby further avoiding the increased risk of thermal runaway propagation.

[0023] In one optional implementation, the thermal runaway testing system further includes a data analysis module, and the method further includes sending state information to a message queue so that the data analysis module obtains the state information from the message queue and generates state analysis results based on the state information.

[0024] This invention, through automated data analysis, avoids the tedious manual data export process, simplifies the workflow, saves data analysis time, and enables batch testing. It also provides testers with more accurate, reliable, and comprehensive data analysis results. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a thermal runaway test system for an energy storage battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a detailed structural block diagram of a thermal runaway test system for an energy storage battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the dual power failure protection mechanism of the thermal runaway test system for energy storage batteries according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the deployment structure of the sensing module of the thermal runaway test system for an energy storage battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the control method of a thermal runaway test system for an energy storage battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6This is a flowchart illustrating a control method for a thermal runaway test system for an energy storage battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the thermal runaway judgment process of a control method for a thermal runaway test system for another energy storage battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the data analysis interaction process of a control method for a thermal runaway test system for an energy storage battery according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0035] 10-Control module; 101-Real-time control unit; 102-Out-of-control judgment unit; 103-Hardware interlock circuit; 20-Execution module; 201-DC power supply; 202-Relay array; 30-Sensing module; 301-Thermocouple array; 302-Flame sensor; 303-Pressure sensor; 40-Heating plate; 50-Data analysis module; 501-Data analysis engine; 502-Database. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] This invention is applicable to scenarios involving thermal runaway testing of batteries. This invention provides a thermal runaway testing system for energy storage batteries, which improves testing efficiency and avoids errors and delays caused by manual observation or operation by intelligently controlling the thermal runaway testing process.

[0038] According to embodiments of the present invention, a method for a thermal runaway testing system for energy storage batteries is provided. It should be noted that, as used below, the term "module" can refer to a combination of software and / or hardware that performs a predetermined function. Although the apparatus described in the following embodiments is preferably implemented in software, hardware implementation, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and contemplated.

[0039] This embodiment provides a thermal runaway testing system for energy storage batteries. Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a thermal runaway test system for an energy storage battery according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 1As shown, the system includes: a control module 10, an execution module 20, a sensing module 30, and a heating plate 40, which is in contact with the surface of the test battery. The control module 10, connected to the execution module 20, controls the power supply state of the execution module 20 to the heating plate 40 so that the heating plate 40 heats the test battery. The sensing module 30, connected to the control module 10, collects the status information of the test battery and sends the status information to the control module 10. The control module 10 is also used to determine thermal runaway based on the status information and adjust the power supply state of the execution module 20 according to the thermal runaway determination result so that the heating plate 40 stops heating the test battery.

[0040] Specifically, in embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 2 As shown, the control module 10 includes: a real-time control unit 101, a thermal runaway judgment unit 102, and a hardware interlock circuit 103. The real-time control unit 101 is a LabVIEW real-time system, connected to the sensing module 30 and the execution module 20, and is used to receive the status information of the test battery collected by the sensing module 30. The thermal runaway judgment unit 102, connected to the real-time control unit 101, is used to judge thermal runaway based on the status information; the real-time control unit 101 is also used to generate power control commands based on the thermal runaway judgment results and send the power control commands to the execution module 20. The hardware interlock circuit 103, connected to the execution module 20, is used to generate a power cut-off command when the thermal runaway test system's operating state is abnormal, and send the power cut-off command to the execution module 20.

[0041] In some alternative implementations, such as Figure 2 As shown, the execution module 20 includes: a programmable DC power supply 201 and a relay array 202; the programmable DC power supply 201 is connected to the real-time control unit 101 and the heating plate 40, and is used to supply power to the heating plate 40 or to stop supplying power to the heating plate 40 according to the power control command; the relay array 202 is connected to the hardware interlock circuit 103, and is used to cut off the power supply of the programmable DC power supply 201 to the heating plate 40 according to the power cut-off command.

[0042] The programmable DC power supply 201 is an intelligent power device that can precisely control parameters such as output voltage, current, and power through computer software or programs. In this embodiment of the invention, the upper limit of output voltage, current, or power is set through power control commands from the real-time control unit 101, thereby providing adjustable power to the heating plate, precisely controlling the heating intensity and duration, and simulating battery heating scenarios. For example, the heating power can be set from low to high to trigger thermal runaway of the battery. Specifically, the programmable DC power supply 201 receives SCPI commands from the LabVIEW real-time system (e.g., setting voltage and current and controlling the output switch) to power the heating plate 40 attached to the battery surface. The heating plate 40 is used to trigger battery thermal runaway.

[0043] The relay array 202 acts as an electronic switch, directly controlling the circuit connection between the programmable DC power supply 201 and the heating plate 40 based on the power cut-off command from the hardware interlock circuit 103. This allows it to directly cut off the power supply from the programmable DC power supply 201 to the heating plate 40. Therefore, the relay array 202 provides dual protection against extreme transients and system-level faults. Figure 3 As shown, in the absence of extreme transients or system-level faults, the LabVIEW real-time system detects a thermal runaway signal and controls the programmable DC power supply 201 to shut down via interfaces such as GPIB, thus achieving active power-off in the software path. In the event of extreme transients or system-level faults, if the programmable DC power supply 201 cannot be shut down normally and in a timely manner, the hardware interlock circuit 103 directly drives the relay array 202 to cut off the main power supply circuit, thus achieving backup power-off in the hardware path.

[0044] In some alternative implementations, such as Figure 4 As shown, due to the risk of battery fire and explosion during thermal runaway testing, the test battery is placed in an explosion-proof box, and a heating plate 40 is placed on the larger surface area of ​​the test battery to trigger thermal runaway. Figure 4 As shown, the sensing module 30 includes a thermocouple array 301, a flame sensor 302, and a pressure sensor 303. The thermocouple array 301 is deployed on the larger surface of the test battery and connected to the real-time control unit via a temperature acquisition device to collect multiple temperature signals corresponding to various locations on the test battery's surface. To better analyze the temperature distribution of the test battery during thermal runaway, at least five thermocouples are deployed on the surface of the test battery, with the center position opposite the heating plate 40 (equivalent to the center position of the test battery surface) serving as the core criterion point. The temperature signals from the thermocouples are input to the control module 10 via a high-precision temperature acquisition device. The LabVIEW real-time system in the control module 10 synchronously reads, displays, and saves the temperature signals according to a cycle, and the thermal runaway judgment unit 102 determines whether the test battery has a risk of thermal runaway based on the temperature signals.

[0045] like Figure 4 As shown, the flame sensor is deployed inside the explosion-proof enclosure where the test battery is located; the specific location is determined based on the actual situation. Figure 2As shown, the flame sensor is connected to the real-time control unit through a signal conditioning circuit to detect the ultraviolet pulse signal inside the explosion-proof box. The ultraviolet pulse signal is input to the control module 10 through the signal conditioning circuit. The LabVIEW real-time system in the control module 10 reads, displays and saves the ultraviolet pulse signal synchronously according to the cycle. The thermal runaway judgment unit 102 determines whether there is a fire based on the ultraviolet pulse signal, and then determines whether the test battery has a risk of thermal runaway.

[0046] like Figure 4 As shown, the pressure sensor is deployed inside the explosion-proof enclosure where the test battery is located; the specific location is determined based on the actual situation. Figure 2 As shown, the pressure sensor is connected to the real-time control unit through a signal conditioning circuit to detect the pressure signal inside the explosion-proof box. The pressure signal is input to the control module 10 through the signal conditioning circuit. The LabVIEW real-time system in the control module 10 reads, displays and saves the pressure signal synchronously according to the cycle. The thermal runaway judgment unit 102 judges whether an explosion has occurred based on the pressure signal, and then judges whether the test battery has a risk of thermal runaway.

[0047] In some optional implementations, to enable rapid viewing and analysis of test results after the test is completed, the thermal runaway testing system constructed in this embodiment of the invention further includes a data analysis module 50. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the data analysis module 50 includes a data analysis engine 501 and a database 502. The data analysis engine 501, connected to the real-time control unit, is used to acquire state information and thermal runaway judgment results, and generate state analysis results based on the state information. The database 502, connected to the data analysis engine, is used to store the state analysis results. In this embodiment of the invention, the data analysis engine 501 is a Python engine. The LabVIEW real-time system sends data before and after the thermal runaway event to the Python engine via the ZeroMQ message queue, performs temperature field reconstruction, feature extraction, and automatic report generation, and stores the results in the database.

[0048] The thermal runaway testing system for energy storage batteries provided by this invention controls the power supply status of the execution module to the heating plate via a control module, enabling the heating plate to heat the test battery. A sensing module collects the state information of the test battery and sends this information to the control module. The control module determines thermal runaway based on this information and adjusts the power supply status of the execution module accordingly, stopping the heating plate from heating the test battery. By deploying a control module, this invention enables control over the power supply status of the execution module. Simultaneously, the control module acquires the test battery state information collected by the sensing module, quickly determines thermal runaway, and promptly adjusts the power supply status when thermal runaway is detected. This eliminates errors and delays caused by manual observation and the lag of manual operation, ensuring that heating of the battery is stopped promptly when thermal runaway occurs, thus preventing an increased risk of thermal runaway propagation.

[0049] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a control method embodiment for a thermal runaway test system for an energy storage battery is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Furthermore, although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0050] This embodiment provides a control method for a thermal runaway test system for energy storage batteries, which can be used in the control module of the aforementioned thermal runaway test system. Figure 5 This is a flowchart of a control method for a thermal runaway test system for an energy storage battery according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the process includes the following steps:

[0051] Step S501: Generate a power-on command and send the power-on command to the execution module, so that the execution module supplies power to the heating plate and the heating plate heats the test battery.

[0052] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, when the test battery is deployed inside an explosion-proof box and according to the following... Figure 2 After deploying the thermal runaway test system using the connection method shown, and setting the sampling rate and safety threshold, the tester can manually operate the control module to initiate the thermal runaway test. For example, a switch button for the control module can be set. The control module then generates a power-on command, which is sent to the execution module by the LabVIEW real-time system as the real-time control unit. The programmable DC power supply in the execution module controls the output voltage, current, or power parameters according to the power-on command, thereby supplying power to the heating plate. Since the heating plate is in close proximity to the test battery, the heating plate begins to heat the test battery, and the temperature of the test battery gradually increases from the surface to the interior.

[0053] Step S502: Obtain the state information of the test battery collected by the sensing module, and make a thermal runaway judgment based on the state information.

[0054] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, as the heating plate continues to heat up, the temperature of the test battery gradually increases. To determine whether the test battery has a risk of thermal runaway, the sensing module in the thermal runaway test system collects the corresponding state information of the test battery. The sensing module contains a thermocouple array with multiple thermocouples deployed at different locations on the surface of the test battery, thus enabling the collection of multiple temperature signals corresponding to different locations on the test battery surface. The flame sensor in the sensing module is deployed inside the explosion-proof enclosure and can collect the ultraviolet pulse signal within the enclosure. The pressure sensor in the sensing module is also deployed inside the explosion-proof enclosure and can collect the pressure signal within the enclosure. The LabVIEW real-time system synchronously reads the temperature signal, ultraviolet pulse signal, and pressure signal from the sensing module at preset time intervals (e.g., 1 millisecond). The thermal runaway judgment unit of the control module then determines whether the test battery currently has a risk of thermal runaway based on these signals.

[0055] In step S503, if there is a risk of thermal runaway, a power-off command is generated and sent to the execution module to stop the execution module from supplying power to the heating plate, and the heating plate stops heating the test battery.

[0056] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, if a risk of thermal runaway is determined, the LabVIEW real-time system generates a power-off command based on the thermal runaway assessment result and sends the command to the execution module. The programmable DC power supply in the execution module stops supplying power to the heating plate according to the power-off command, and the corresponding heating plate stops heating the test battery. This power-off method is an active power-off. At this time, the thermal runaway response characteristics of the test battery after thermal runaway can be studied, and the performance of the test battery can be optimized to ensure that the risk of thermal runaway is greatly reduced after the test battery is put into use, or that effective measures can be taken in the event of thermal runaway.

[0057] The control method of the thermal runaway testing system for energy storage batteries provided by this invention generates a power-on command through a control module, controls the execution module to supply power to the heating plate, heats the test battery, acquires the state information of the test battery, and judges thermal runaway based on the state information. If a risk of thermal runaway exists, a power-off command is generated, controls the execution module to stop supplying power to the heating plate, and stops heating the test battery. This invention can control the power supply state of the execution module based on the control module, simultaneously acquire the state information of the test battery and quickly judge thermal runaway. When thermal runaway is judged, the power supply state is proactively adjusted in a timely manner, eliminating the errors and delays caused by manual observation and the lag of manual operation, ensuring that heating of the battery is stopped in time when thermal runaway occurs, and avoiding an increase in the risk of thermal runaway propagation.

[0058] This embodiment provides a control method for a thermal runaway test system for energy storage batteries, which can be used in the control module of the aforementioned thermal runaway test system. Figure 6 This is a flowchart of a control method for a thermal runaway test system for an energy storage battery according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the process includes the following steps:

[0059] Step S601: Generate a power-on command and send it to the execution module, causing the execution module to supply power to the heating plate, which then heats the test battery. For details, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 5 Step S501 of the illustrated embodiment will not be described again here.

[0060] Step S602: Obtain the state information of the test battery collected by the sensing module, and make a thermal runaway judgment based on the state information.

[0061] Specifically, step S602 includes:

[0062] Step S6021: Determine whether the temperature change rate of the temperature signal meets the thermal runaway condition, determine whether the ultraviolet pulse signal is greater than or equal to the first preset threshold, and determine whether the pressure signal is greater than or equal to the second preset threshold.

[0063] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, temperature signals, ultraviolet pulse signals, and pressure signals correspond to different manifestations of thermal runaway, and therefore, thermal runaway risk can be assessed separately. For example, Figure 7As shown, the ultraviolet pulse signal is compared with a corresponding preset threshold. If it exceeds the preset threshold, it indicates an ignition situation, thus indicating a risk of thermal runaway. Similarly, the pressure signal is compared with a corresponding preset threshold. If it exceeds the preset threshold, it indicates an explosion, thus indicating a risk of thermal runaway. The ultraviolet pulse signal is used to determine if an ignition has occurred, and the pressure signal is used to determine if an explosion has occurred. Ignition and explosion are relatively straightforward; their detection is sufficient to determine a risk of thermal runaway. However, thermal runaway detection based on temperature signals may contain errors. For example, an accidental temperature rise might occur, but the battery could recover on its own, in which case there is no risk of thermal runaway.

[0064] In some optional implementations, step S6021 above includes:

[0065] Step a1: Obtain surface position information corresponding to multiple temperature signals, and determine the surface center temperature based on the surface position information.

[0066] Step a2: Calculate the temperature change rate corresponding to the surface center temperature according to the preset time interval, and determine whether the temperature change rate is greater than or equal to the third preset threshold.

[0067] Step a3: If the value is greater than or equal to the third preset threshold, a trigger signal is generated and sent to the counter to accumulate the count; otherwise, a reset signal is generated and sent to the counter to reset the counter to zero.

[0068] Step a4: Determine whether the cumulative number of times is greater than or equal to the fourth preset threshold. If it is greater than or equal to the fourth preset threshold, then determine that the temperature change rate meets the thermal runaway condition.

[0069] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, thermocouples are deployed at different positions on the surface of the test battery. The surface center position is determined based on the surface position information of each thermocouple, and the surface center temperature corresponding to the surface center position is used as a judgment benchmark. The temperature change rate corresponding to the surface center temperature is calculated according to a preset time interval, and it is determined whether the temperature change rate is greater than or equal to a third preset threshold. Figure 7 As shown. For example, the surface center temperature T at the current moment can be calculated using the sampling time as the time interval Δt. c_n Compared with the surface center temperature T at the previous moment c_n-1 The difference is divided by the time interval Δt to obtain the rate of temperature change dT / dt.

[0070] In some optional implementations, it is determined whether dT / dt is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, such as 3℃ / s, but not limited to this. If the condition is met, the counter in the thermal runaway test system is incremented by 1; if not, the counter is reset to zero. The counter is checked in real time to see if it reaches or exceeds the preset threshold, such as 3, but not limited to this. When the counter meets the condition of being greater than or equal to 3, it is determined that there is a risk of thermal runaway, thereby triggering an active power-off operation; otherwise, the temperature signal at the next moment is collected for further judgment.

[0071] Step S6022: If any one of the conditions is met, it is determined that there is a risk of thermal runaway.

[0072] Specifically, in embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 7 As shown, if any one of the following conditions is met: the temperature change rate of the temperature signal satisfies the thermal runaway condition, the ultraviolet pulse signal is greater than or equal to the corresponding preset threshold, or the pressure signal is greater than or equal to the corresponding preset threshold, then a thermal runaway risk is determined, thereby triggering thermal runaway and executing a power-off operation.

[0073] Step S603: If there is a risk of thermal runaway, a power-off command is generated and sent to the execution module, causing the execution module to stop supplying power to the heating plate, and the heating plate to stop heating the test battery. For details, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 5 Step S503 of the illustrated embodiment will not be described again here.

[0074] Step S604: Obtain the operating status of the thermal runaway test system and determine whether there is any abnormality in the operating status; if there is an abnormality, generate a power cut-off command and send the power cut-off command to the execution module to cut off the power supply of the execution module to the heating plate, and the heating plate stops heating the test battery.

[0075] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, a system operation status detection module can be deployed in the thermal runaway test system, or the system operation status detection can be performed by the control module. When an abnormal operation status is detected, the hardware interlock circuit in the control module generates a power cut-off command and sends the power cut-off command to the relay array in the execution module. The relay array cuts off the power supply of the programmable DC power supply to the heating plate, and the heating plate stops heating the test battery. This achieves backup power failure based on the hardware path, preventing the inability to control the programmable DC power supply to shut down normally and in a timely manner in the event of extreme transient events or system-level failures.

[0076] Step S605: Send the status information to the message queue so that the data analysis module can obtain the status information from the message queue and generate status analysis results based on the status information.

[0077] Specifically, in embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 8The diagram illustrates the interaction architecture between the LabVIEW Real-Time System and the Python Engine. When a thermal runaway event is triggered, the LabVIEW Real-Time System encapsulates data such as event markers, temperature matrices, and voltage curves into a MsgPack binary message and publishes it via a ZeroMQ message queue. The Python Engine, acting as a subscriber, retrieves this data packet from the message queue. Subsequently, the Python Engine executes a pre-defined analysis chain: it calls the griddata function from the SciPy library to reconstruct the three-dimensional temperature field, generating a temperature distribution cloud map of the battery surface based on thermocouple coordinates and temperature signals; it calculates the temperature rise rate at the criterion point using NumPy's gradient function, extracting characteristic parameters such as the thermal runaway initiation temperature and heat propagation velocity; and it uses the Jinja2 template engine and Matplotlib to generate a structured PDF report containing tables of key parameters, a temperature-voltage curve overlay plot, and a temperature propagation animation. The structured results generated during the analysis (such as characteristic parameters and report paths) are stored in a database. Simultaneously, the Python Engine returns the report path to the LabVIEW Real-Time System via ZeroMQ, and the LabVIEW Real-Time System stores the raw data in association with the report path. The above descriptions of relevant algorithm functions and databases are for illustrative purposes only. In actual operation, the appropriate algorithm function can be selected according to the actual situation.

[0078] The control method of the thermal runaway testing system for energy storage batteries provided by this invention generates a power-on command through a control module, controls the execution module to supply power to the heating plate, heats the test battery, acquires the state information of the test battery, and judges thermal runaway based on the state information. If a risk of thermal runaway exists, a power-off command is generated, controls the execution module to stop supplying power to the heating plate, and stops heating the test battery. This invention can control the power supply state of the execution module based on the control module, simultaneously acquire the state information of the test battery and quickly judge thermal runaway. When thermal runaway is judged, the power supply state is proactively adjusted in a timely manner, eliminating the errors and delays caused by manual observation and the lag of manual operation, ensuring that heating of the battery is stopped in time when thermal runaway occurs, and avoiding an increase in the risk of thermal runaway propagation.

[0079] Although embodiments of the invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A thermal runaway testing system for energy storage batteries, characterized in that, The system includes: a control module, an execution module, a sensing module, and a heating plate, the heating plate being in contact with the surface of the test battery; The control module is connected to the execution module and is used to control the power supply state of the execution module to the heating plate so that the heating plate heats the test battery. The sensing module is connected to the control module and is used to collect the status information of the test battery and send the status information to the control module. The control module is also used to determine thermal runaway based on the status information, and adjust the power supply status of the execution module according to the thermal runaway determination result, so that the heating plate stops heating the test battery.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control module includes: a real-time control unit, a thermal runaway judgment unit, and a hardware interlock circuit; The real-time control unit is connected to the sensing module and the execution module, and is used to receive the status information corresponding to the test battery collected by the sensing module; The thermal runaway judgment unit is connected to the real-time control unit and is used to judge thermal runaway based on the status information. The real-time control unit is also used to generate a power control command based on the thermal runaway judgment result, and send the power control command to the execution module; The hardware interlock circuit is connected to the execution module and is used to generate a power cut-off command when the thermal runaway test system is in an abnormal operating state, and send the power cut-off command to the execution module.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The execution module includes: a programmable DC power supply and a relay array; The programmable DC power supply is connected to the real-time control unit and the heating plate, and is used to supply power to the heating plate or stop supplying power to the heating plate according to the power control command. The relay array is connected to the hardware interlock circuit and is used to cut off the power supply from the programmable DC power supply to the heating plate according to the power cut-off command.

4. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sensing module includes: a thermocouple array, a flame sensor, and a pressure sensor; The thermocouple array is deployed on the surface of the test battery and connected to the real-time control unit via a temperature acquisition instrument to collect multiple temperature signals corresponding to multiple surface locations of the test battery. The flame sensor is deployed inside the explosion-proof box where the test battery is located and is connected to the real-time control unit through a signal conditioning circuit. It is used to detect the ultraviolet pulse signal inside the explosion-proof box, and the ultraviolet pulse signal is used to determine whether there is a fire. The pressure sensor is deployed inside the explosion-proof enclosure where the test battery is located and is connected to the real-time control unit through a signal conditioning circuit. It is used to detect the pressure signal inside the explosion-proof enclosure, and the pressure signal is used to determine whether an explosion has occurred.

5. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The system also includes a data analysis module, which comprises a data analysis engine and a database. The data analysis engine is connected to the real-time control unit and is used to acquire the status information and the thermal runaway judgment result, and generate a status analysis result based on the status information. The database is connected to the data analysis engine and is used to store the state analysis results.

6. A control method for a thermal runaway testing system for an energy storage battery, characterized in that, A control module applied to a thermal runaway test system for an energy storage battery according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising an execution module, a sensing module, and a heating plate, the method comprising: A power-on command is generated and sent to the execution module, so that the execution module supplies power to the heating plate, and the heating plate heats the test battery. The state information of the test battery collected by the sensing module is obtained, and thermal runaway is judged based on the state information; If there is a risk of thermal runaway, a power-off command is generated and sent to the execution module, causing the execution module to stop supplying power to the heating plate, and the heating plate to stop heating the test battery.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The status information includes: multiple temperature signals, ultraviolet pulse signals, and pressure signals. The step of determining thermal runaway based on the status information includes: Determine whether the temperature change rate of the temperature signal meets the thermal runaway condition, determine whether the ultraviolet pulse signal is greater than or equal to a first preset threshold, and determine whether the pressure signal is greater than or equal to a second preset threshold; If any one of these conditions is met, then a risk of thermal runaway is identified.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The step of determining whether the rate of change of the temperature signal satisfies the thermal runaway condition includes: Obtain the surface position information corresponding to the multiple temperature signals, and determine the surface center temperature based on the surface position information; The temperature change rate corresponding to the surface center temperature is calculated according to a preset time interval, and it is determined whether the temperature change rate is greater than or equal to a third preset threshold. If the value is greater than or equal to the third preset threshold, a trigger signal is generated and sent to the counter to accumulate the count; otherwise, a reset signal is generated and sent to the counter to reset the counter to zero. Determine whether the cumulative number of times is greater than or equal to the fourth preset threshold. If it is greater than or equal to the fourth preset threshold, then determine that the temperature change rate meets the thermal runaway condition.

9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: The operating status of the thermal runaway test system is obtained, and it is determined whether there is any abnormality in the operating status; If an abnormality is detected, a power cut-off command is generated and sent to the execution module to cut off the power supply from the execution module to the heating plate, thereby stopping the heating plate from heating the test battery.

10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The thermal runaway testing system further includes a data analysis module, and the method further includes: The status information is sent to a message queue so that the data analysis module can obtain the status information from the message queue and generate a status analysis result based on the status information.

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