Data transaction method, apparatus, device, medium, and program product

Abstract

The application provides a data transaction method and device, equipment, medium and program product, and relates to the technical field of blockchains, to solve the problem of poor efficiency of data transaction in related technologies. The method comprises the following steps: creating a demand task pool based on data demand information by using a smart contract, and broadcasting the data demand information to each node in the blockchain system; receiving at least one data summary and a margin submitted by at least one data owner node through the smart contract, and writing the at least one data summary into the demand task pool; in the case that a first data demander node determines m first data owner nodes, performing price negotiation based on m price parameters submitted by the m first data owner nodes and the smart contract to determine a transaction result; and in the case that the first data demander node pays resources corresponding to a transaction price, allocating first target data to the first data demander node. The application can improve the efficiency of data transaction.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of blockchains, and in particular to a data transaction method and device, equipment, medium and program product. BACKGROUND

[0002] In today's digital age, data has become a key resource and is widely used in finance, medicine, logistics and other fields. The negotiation of data transaction prices usually involves multiple rounds of negotiation, especially in the case of asymmetric information between buyers and sellers, which can lead to long-term gaming, increasing transaction costs and delays. In related technologies, a data transaction platform is built using blockchain technology, which can meet certain needs for openness and fairness in data transactions. However, the related price negotiation mechanism mainly relies on fixed bidding or bargaining strategies, which can lead to transaction delays and failure to reach consensus in some transactions, resulting in poor efficiency of data transactions. SUMMARY

[0003] The embodiments of the present application provide a data transaction method, device, equipment, medium and program product to solve the problem of poor efficiency of data transactions in related technologies.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the present application is implemented as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a data transaction method applied to a blockchain system, the blockchain system comprising a data right index chain, a data flow transfer certificate chain, a data transaction chain, at least one data owner node and at least one data demander node, the data right index chain being used to store metadata of original data corresponding to the at least one data owner node, the data flow transfer certificate chain being used to store data flow transfer certificates and access authorization records, and the data transaction chain being used to store storage addresses of the original data and data transaction information. The method comprises the following steps:

[0006] In the case of receiving a data request of a first data demander node, a demand task pool is created by using an intelligent contract based on data demand information, and the data demand information is broadcast to each node in the blockchain system, wherein the first data demander node is one of the at least one data demander node, the data request comprises the data demand information, and the data demand information is used to indicate first target data.

[0007] At least one data digest and a margin submitted by the at least one data owner node through the intelligent contract are received, and the at least one data digest is written into the demand task pool, wherein the at least one data owner node corresponds to the at least one data digest one by one, and the data digest is used to describe the original data corresponding to the data owner node.

[0008] In a case where the first data requester node determines m first data owner nodes based on the data requirement information and the at least one data digest, price negotiation is performed based on m price parameters submitted by the m first data owner nodes and the smart contract, and a transaction result is determined, the transaction result being used to indicate a transaction price and a target data owner node, the price parameter being used to represent a transaction price range of the at least one first data owner node, and m being a positive integer;

[0009] In a case where the first data requester node pays resources corresponding to the transaction price, the first target data is allocated to the first data requester node.

[0010] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transaction device, applied to a blockchain system, the blockchain system including a data right index chain, a data flow transfer certificate chain, a data transaction chain, at least one data owner node, and at least one data requester node, the data right index chain being used to store metadata of original data corresponding to the at least one data owner node, the data flow transfer certificate chain being used to store data flow transfer certificates and access authorization records, and the data transaction chain being used to store storage addresses of the original data and data transaction information, the device including:

[0011] A first processing module is configured to, in a case where a data request of a first data requester node is received, create a requirement task pool by using a smart contract based on data requirement information, and broadcast the data requirement information to each node in the blockchain system, wherein the first data requester node is one of the at least one data requester node, the data request includes the data requirement information, and the data requirement information is used to indicate first target data.

[0012] A second processing module is configured to receive at least one data digest and a margin submitted by the at least one data owner node through the smart contract, and write the at least one data digest into the requirement task pool, wherein the at least one data owner node corresponds to the at least one data digest one by one, and the data digest is used to describe original data corresponding to the data owner node.

[0013] determining a transaction result based on the m price parameters submitted by the m first data owner nodes and the smart contract, the transaction result being used to indicate a transaction price and a target data owner node, the price parameters being used to represent a transaction price range of the at least one first data owner node, m being a positive integer, in a case where the first data demander node determines the m first data owner nodes based on the data demand information and the at least one data digest;

[0014] allocating the first target data to the first data demander node in a case where the first data demander node pays resources corresponding to the transaction price.

[0015] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including a processor, a memory, and a program stored in the memory and executable in the processor, when the program is executed by the processor, the steps of the data transaction method in the first aspect are implemented.

[0016] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer readable storage medium, the computer readable storage medium stores a computer program, when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the data transaction method in the first aspect are implemented.

[0017] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, including computer instructions, when the computer instructions are executed by a processor, the steps of the data transaction method in the first aspect are implemented.

[0018] In the embodiment of the present application, in a case where the first data demander node determines the m first data owner nodes based on the data demand information and the at least one data digest, the m price parameters submitted by the m first data owner nodes and the smart contract are used to perform price negotiation, the transaction result is determined, and in a case where the first data demander node pays resources corresponding to the transaction price, the first target data is allocated to the first data demander node, so that a single data demander can simultaneously perform dynamic price negotiation with multiple data owners, and automatic verification and execution of data transaction are implemented, thereby improving the fairness and efficiency of data transaction, and the efficiency of data transaction is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed in the description of the embodiments of the present application will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0020] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a data transaction method provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 2 is a timing flow chart of data demand matching and dynamic pricing negotiation provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 3 is an application flow chart of price negotiation provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 4 is a timing flow chart of data transaction payment and dispute arbitration process provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 5 is a timing flow chart of a false data dispute resolution mechanism provided by a data owner provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 6 is a timing flow chart of arbitration for non-payment of a data demander provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 7 is an interaction schematic diagram of a data transaction provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 8 is a timing flow chart of user registration and data storage provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 9 is an interaction schematic diagram of data flow and access right management provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 10 is a flow chart of data right confirmation provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 11 is a flow chart of data identification generation provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 12 is a structural design schematic diagram of a data right confirmation index chain provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 13 is an interaction schematic diagram of controllable data flow provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 14 is a structural schematic diagram of a data transaction device provided by an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] With reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the scope of the present application.

[0035] For the convenience of understanding, some contents related to the embodiments of the present application are described as follows:

[0036] In today's digital era, data has become a key resource and is widely used in finance, medicine, logistics and other fields. The state has also introduced a series of policy documents to cultivate and develop the data element market, providing clear policy guidance for the marketization development of data elements. In this context, various industries are working to promote the innovation of data sharing, data trading and other models. Although some progress has been made in the construction of the data element market, the overall development still faces many challenges: the definition of data ownership is unclear, the flow process lacks effective supervision, and the transaction pricing mechanism is not perfect. These problems seriously hinder the full release of the value of data elements. Therefore, it is urgent to combine technical innovation with institutional improvement to build a more secure and efficient data element circulation system and provide solid support for the development of digital economy.

[0037] The related technical solutions mainly focus on the following aspects:

[0038] 1. Data right confirmation: In traditional right confirmation methods, data right confirmation is usually completed by submitting ownership proof materials or relying on third-party institutions. The mainstream solution of the related technology is to record the ownership information of data on the chain by taking advantage of the non-tamperability and transparency of the blockchain. The blockchain records data right confirmation evidence on the chain and binds the ownership information of data with the transaction records on the chain, so as to ensure that the ownership evidence of data is always reliable and traceable, and to avoid the problems of low efficiency, insufficient information disclosure and credibility in traditional right confirmation methods. For example, the related technology proposes a data right confirmation method and system based on blockchain and homomorphic encryption, which performs transaction supervision according to the right confirmation information stored on the blockchain and enhances the credibility of data through authoritative timestamps and digital signatures.

[0039] 2、Data flow control: Data flow is to ensure that data can be reasonably managed in the process of flow, and the data owner can effectively control the use right and access right of his data. The traditional access control scheme relies on a centralized authorization server to generate and manage data access rights. This approach usually faces single point of failure, vulnerability to attack, and dependence on centralized manager trust. In a large-scale distributed environment, it cannot efficiently adapt to changing access requirements. The current access control scheme based on blockchain stores authorization information on the blockchain ledger and further combines blockchain technology with the Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) model to allow more flexible and dynamic control of data access. However, this approach cannot adapt to more complex and diverse data flow requirements. Related technologies propose a data flow control method based on blockchain and distributed access credentials.

[0040] 3、Data transaction price negotiation: Current price negotiation usually involves multiple rounds of negotiation, especially in cases of asymmetric information between buyers and sellers, which can lead to long-term gaming, increasing transaction costs and delays. At the same time, the price negotiation mechanism of related technologies mainly relies on fixed bidding or bargaining strategies, lacking the ability to adapt to dynamic changes in market supply and demand and data value. This static model can lead to transaction delays and failure to reach consensus in some transactions. In addition, in high-frequency trading or multi-party gaming scenarios, the price negotiation method of related technologies is difficult to balance transaction fairness and negotiation efficiency, affecting data liquidity. Related technologies propose a transaction process that mainly relies on a fixed pricing mechanism, lacks a dynamic price negotiation mechanism, and cannot adapt to dynamic fluctuations in data value. In complex market environments, it is difficult to match supply and demand, affecting data transaction fairness and market competitiveness.

[0041] Currently, related technologies have the following shortcomings:

[0042] 1、Although the current data rights scheme based on blockchain solves many problems of traditional rights schemes, such as ambiguous ownership, information leakage and tampering, there are still some limitations in practical applications, making it difficult to adapt to actual data flow application scenarios, especially when facing complex cross-domain data flow. When it comes to interoperability between different systems, it cannot provide a unified standardized protocol. In addition, the related technology scheme cannot effectively track and manage the change of ownership information in the data flow process, and cannot flexibly respond to dynamic ownership adjustment and frequent permission changes in data flow, making it lack sufficient flexibility and adaptability in practical applications, thereby affecting the controllability and traceability of data flow.

[0043] 2、Current blockchain-based data access control access has advantages in ensuring security, but there are corresponding problems in flexibility and autonomous control, and the ABAC model can define attribute-based access control policies flexibly, but in large-scale systems, the definition and management of attributes will become extremely complex, restricting the scalability and management efficiency of the system. Moreover, the access control based on the blockchain relies on the smart contract and the token mechanism, and when processing a large number of concurrent requests, the transaction verification of the blockchain and the execution speed of the smart contract will cause the delay to increase, affecting the real-time response capability of the system, and when the data rights are frequently changed, the token mechanism lacks a flexible dynamic update mechanism, making the right adjustment more difficult and prone to conflict.

[0044] 3、Current peer-to-peer data transaction mode, especially the transaction mode relying on a centralized platform, has many shortcomings. First, the transaction process lacks transparency, and data prices and transaction terms are often controlled by the platform, resulting in price manipulation and opacity, making data transaction parties lack trust in the pricing process. Second, the negotiation process usually requires high negotiation costs from both parties, and due to information asymmetry, the negotiation process is prone to unfairness and price fraud, and the related technical centralized mode of data transaction relies on a third-party arbitration institution to handle disputes, which has the problems of low efficiency and information asymmetry, increasing the uncertainty of the transaction. In addition, relying solely on on-chain storage can improve the data's non-tamperability, but it is difficult to effectively cover off-chain storage, data verification, and real transaction behavior evidence, thereby affecting the fair arbitration and credible execution of data transaction disputes.

[0045] In the embodiments of the present application, a data transaction method, device, equipment, medium and program product are provided to solve the problem of poor efficiency of data transaction in related technologies.

[0046] Referring to Figure 1 , Figure 1 is a flowchart of a data transaction method provided by the embodiments of the present application, applied to a blockchain system, the blockchain system comprising a data right index chain, a data flow transfer certificate chain, a data transaction chain, at least one data owner node and at least one data demander node, the data right index chain being used to store metadata of original data corresponding to the at least one data owner node, the data flow transfer certificate chain being used to store data flow transfer certificates and access authorization records, and the data transaction chain being used to store storage addresses of the original data and data transaction information.

[0047] Specifically, the data right index chain and the data flow certificate chain can be two independent and cooperative blockchains. The data right index chain is used to store and record the metadata of the original data of the data owner, i.e., the data to be righted. The metadata can include basic attributes, ownership, and usage rights of the original data. The data flow certificate chain is used to manage data flow certificates, store access authorization records and transaction process information, and ensure that the data flow path is traceable and the authorization process is transparent and controllable.

[0048] It can be understood that the double-chain structure composed of the data right index chain and the data flow certificate chain can realize data integrity verification through a distributed storage and consensus mechanism, and combined with a smart contract, ensure fine management of data access rights and cross-platform interoperability. In addition, the double-chain structure effectively reduces the time delay of on-chain and off-chain data interaction, ensuring the real-time and transparency of information in the data flow process. Through the blockchain system, the entire process of data flow is tracked and controlled, thereby effectively improving the security, compliance, and efficiency of data flow, and ensuring the fairness and reliability of data transactions.

[0049] The data transaction chain is used to manage the data transaction process and is another blockchain independent of the double-chain structure composed of the data right index chain and the data flow certificate chain. It can be understood that the data right index chain, the data flow certificate chain, and the data transaction chain are independent of each other and cooperate closely through smart contracts and business logic to form a complete data element circulation ecosystem.

[0050] The at least one data owner node can be a node in the blockchain system that owns the original data, and the at least one data demander node can be a node in the blockchain system that requests data.

[0051] As shown in Figure 1 The method includes the following steps:

[0052] Step 101, in the case of receiving a data request of a first data demander node, creating a demand task pool based on data demand information using a smart contract, and broadcasting the data demand information to each node in the blockchain system, wherein the first data demander node is one of the at least one data demander node, the data request includes the data demand information, and the data demand information is used to indicate first target data.

[0053] In this step, the data demand information can be a description of the required data of the first data demander node, i.e., the first target data, such as data function, type, content, etc., which can be standardized expressed through a structured data model. For example, the data demand information can be represented by a triple: wherein, indicates the type of data required, explains the application scenario and use of the data, sets a limited time for the demand task.

[0054] Specifically, after receiving the data demand request, the smart contract automatically parses the demand content and initializes the demand task words, and then stores the task metadata to the blockchain. At the same time, the smart contract triggers the network-wide broadcast mechanism to push the demand information to all potential data providers, so that they can efficiently query and respond to the matched data demand.

[0055] The above-mentioned smart contract can be a piece of code deployed on the blockchain system and its state after running, and can be a preset automatic execution script on the blockchain system for defining transaction rules. The above-mentioned demand task pool can be used for temporarily storing and managing all data requests for the first data demander node to view.

[0056] Step 102, receiving at least one data summary and deposit submitted by at least one data owner node through the smart contract, and writing the at least one data summary into the demand task pool, wherein the at least one data owner node corresponds to the at least one data summary one by one, and the data summary is used to describe the original data corresponding to the data owner node.

[0057] In this step, the above-mentioned data summary can be a brief description of the original data of the at least one data owner node, such as data type, content and function, etc., without actually containing the original data. For example, the data summary can be described by a standardized triple , wherein, is a functional description of the data, is a unique identification name of the data, is a hash value of the data content.

[0058] The above-mentioned deposit can be a deposit for transaction payment in the blockchain system, which can be a token, etc., used to ensure the integrity of the data owner. If the transaction fails due to the unilateral problem of the data owner, the deposit will be deducted, and if it is successful, it will be returned.

[0059] It can be understood that after submitting the data summary, the data owner needs to submit a certain amount of transaction deposit to the smart contract, which is used to constrain the behavior of the data owner and prevent malicious submission of false data or refusal of transaction performance. The smart contract will store the data summary information on the blockchain and ensure the traceability and on-chain verification ability of all records.

[0060] Optionally, before receiving the at least one data digest and the guarantee submitted by the at least one data owner node through the smart contract, to ensure the legitimacy of the data owner and the authenticity of the data digest information, the method can further include on-chain verification of the identity of the data owner to ensure that it meets the preset access conditions, wherein the preset access conditions can be related to three types of elements, i.e., identity legitimacy, qualification compliance, and credit status. After the identity authentication is passed, the data owner can query the published demand tasks on the blockchain and select a transaction request that meets the data resources of the data owner for matching.

[0061] Step 103, in a case where the first data demander node determines m first data owner nodes based on the data demand information and the at least one data digest, price negotiation is performed based on m price parameters submitted by the m first data owner nodes and the smart contract to determine a transaction result, the transaction result being used to indicate a transaction price and a target data owner node, the price parameter being used to represent a transaction price range of the at least one first data owner node, and m being a positive integer.

[0062] In this step, the m first data owner nodes can be m data owner nodes selected from the at least one data owner node by the first data demander node as potential transaction objects, that is, after completing the data transaction matching, the first data demander node needs to select potential transaction objects meeting the conditions from a demand task pool managed by the smart contract and perform price negotiation with multiple data owners.

[0063] The price negotiation can be a multi-party data transaction price dynamic negotiation method based on game theory, and an automatic price negotiation mechanism can be realized by combining a blockchain smart contract, so that the transaction price is reasonable, fair, and in line with market rules, thereby improving the negotiation efficiency and ensuring the fairness and transparency of the pricing process.

[0064] The price parameter can be historical transaction data, market supply and demand conditions, and cost parameters submitted by the data owner, and can be used to determine the negotiation price interval of the data owner.

[0065] The transaction result can be a final result after negotiation, including a transaction price and a target data owner, that is, a transaction object of the first data demander node.

[0066] Exemplarily, Figure 2 is a timing flow chart of data demand matching and dynamic pricing negotiation provided by an embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figure 2As shown, the data demander publishes a data demand through a smart contract, the smart contract automatically encapsulates the demand information into a blockchain transaction, and broadcasts the blockchain transaction to all nodes in the blockchain network, the data owner listens to the demand information in real time through the blockchain network, and screens and matches the demand, after successful matching, the data demander and the data owner perform multiple rounds of automatic negotiation to determine the final transaction object and price.

[0067] Step 104, in the case that the first data demander node pays resources corresponding to the transaction price, the first target data is allocated to the first data demander node.

[0068] In this step, the above-mentioned resources can be tokens paid in blockchain system transactions, such as system tokens, as counterparts of transaction prices. The above-mentioned allocation of the first target data to the first data demander node can be sending the storage address of the first target data to the first data demander node, or setting the first data demander node to have access and download rights of the first target data.

[0069] In the embodiments of the present application, in the case that the first data demander node determines m first data owner nodes based on the data demand information and at least one data digest, the price negotiation is performed based on m price parameters submitted by the m first data owner nodes and the smart contract, the transaction result is determined, and in the case that the first data demander node pays resources corresponding to the transaction price, the first target data is allocated to the first data demander node, so that a single data demander can simultaneously perform dynamic price negotiation with multiple data owners, and automatic verification and execution of data transactions are realized, thereby improving the fairness and efficiency of data transactions, and thus improving the efficiency of data transactions.

[0070] Optionally, after the first target data is allocated to the first data demander node, the method further comprises:

[0071] In the case that the first data demander node acquires the first target data, the first data demander node verifies the first target data based on the data right index chain, and in the case that the verification is passed, the smart contract is used to transfer funds to the account of the target data owner node.

[0072] Specifically, the above-mentioned verification of the first target data can be verification of the integrity and authenticity of the first target data.

[0073] In some embodiments, in the case that the verification is passed, the deposit is returned to the account of the first data demander node based on the smart contract. For example, if the verification is passed, the smart contract automatically releases the transaction funds to the data owner account, and returns the deposit.

[0074] In some embodiments, in the case that the verification fails, the deposit is transferred to the account of the target data owner node based on the smart contract.

[0075] It can be understood that the data demander needs to pre-store transaction funds and deposit through the smart contract. To ensure the safety of funds, the smart contract will lock the funds before the data is formally delivered, preventing default behavior during the transaction process. During the execution of the transaction, the data demander downloads the first target data through the cloud server and verifies the integrity and authenticity of the data.

[0076] In this embodiment, the first data demander node verifies the first target data based on the data rights index chain, and in the case that the verification passes, the funds are transferred to the account of the target data owner node based on the smart contract, so that the interests of both parties can be protected in the case of default behavior during the transaction process, thereby further improving the security of data transactions.

[0077] Optionally, the price negotiation based on the m price parameters submitted by the m first data owner nodes and the smart contract to determine the transaction result comprises:

[0078] The price parameters of the m first data owner nodes are calculated using the smart contract and a preset pricing model to obtain m price intervals corresponding to the m first data owner nodes;

[0079] The h data owner nodes are screened out according to the lowest bid of the m price intervals using the smart contract, and h is less than or equal to m;

[0080] In the case that the first data demander node accepts the first bid, the transaction result is determined, the transaction result is used to indicate the first bid and the data owner node corresponding to the first bid, the first bid is any one of the h preliminary bids, and the h preliminary bids are h preliminary bids respectively published by the h data owner nodes based on the m price intervals.

[0081] Specifically, the above-mentioned preset pricing model can be a Rubinstein bargaining model, or other pre-trained pricing models.

[0082] In this embodiment, the m price intervals corresponding to the m first data owner nodes are calculated by the smart contract and the preset pricing model, h data owner nodes are screened based on the lowest bid of the m price intervals, and further transaction negotiation is performed among the h data owner nodes, so that the negotiation interval of the data transaction price can be calculated, and the transaction parties meeting the pricing constraints can be screened, thereby improving the pertinence of negotiation, and the efficiency and fairness of data transaction can be improved.

[0083] Optionally, after the h data owner nodes are screened based on the lowest bid of the m price intervals by using the smart contract, the method further includes:

[0084] The w data owner nodes are screened based on the h preliminary bids by using the smart contract, and w recommended transaction prices corresponding to the w data owner nodes are calculated, w is less than or equal to h;

[0085] In a case where the first data demander node accepts a second bid, a transaction result is determined, the transaction result is used to indicate the second bid and a data owner node corresponding to the second bid, the second bid is any one of w secondary bids, and the w secondary bids are w secondary bids respectively published by the w data owner nodes based on the w recommended transaction prices.

[0086] Specifically, the above calculation of the w recommended transaction prices corresponding to the w data owner nodes can be to determine the recommended transaction prices by using a pre-trained dynamic negotiation model, for example, a dynamic negotiation model can be constructed by using Rubinstein bargaining theory, and then the w data owner nodes can take the recommended transaction prices as a reference value for determining the secondary bids.

[0087] For example, in the negotiation initialization stage, the smart contract calculates the negotiation interval of the data price and screens the transaction parties meeting the pricing constraints according to the historical transaction data submitted by the data owner, the market supply and demand situation, and the pricing model and cost parameters, so as to improve the pertinence of negotiation. After entering the pricing game stage, the data owner submits the own bid according to the reference price recommended by the smart contract in the first stage, the smart contract calculates the optimal transaction price by using the Rubinstein bargaining model, and dynamically adjusts the transaction strategy to realize the rapid convergence of the price. In this process, the bid of the data demander needs to meet the constraints of the negotiation interval, if the bid meets the expectation of the data owner and meets the market game equilibrium, the transaction is automatically reached, the smart contract locks the transaction price, and enters the payment link. If consensus cannot be reached, the transaction enters a failed state, and the data demander can match other data providers again.

[0088] In this embodiment, the smart contract is used to filter out w data owner nodes from the h preliminary bids and generate a recommended transaction price corresponding to each of the w data owner nodes, which can further shorten the transaction decision time in the second bidding stage, thereby improving the efficiency and success probability of data transaction.

[0089] It can be understood that, compared with the centralized pricing mode, the application adopts a dynamic adjustment price negotiation process based on a smart contract to ensure that the transaction parties can reach a consensus within a reasonable price range and improve the transaction success rate. In the price negotiation process of data transaction, the smart contract automatically calculates the price negotiation range based on the smart dynamic pricing model according to the historical transaction records of the data owner, the data quality score, and the market supply and demand balance price and other multi-dimensional factors, to ensure the rationality and fairness of the negotiation process. Since the patience of the transaction parties will decrease over time, the price negotiation process needs to consider both efficiency and fairness.

[0090] For example, it is assumed that the data transaction market is composed of a single data demander and multiple data demanders , ,… , wherein each data owner has an independent time discount factor , which represents the sensitivity of the data owner to the time of transaction, that is, the longer the waiting time, the lower the expected income of the data. Similarly, the data demander also has a time discount factor , which is used to measure the patience of the data demander in the price negotiation process. Figure 3 is an application flowchart of price negotiation provided by an embodiment of the application, as shown in Figure 3 , the process of transaction negotiation specifically includes the following steps:

[0091] (1) In the transaction initialization stage, m data owners need to submit key parameters required for price calculation to the smart contract, and the smart contract automatically calculates the price range of each data provider according to the preset pricing model, denoted as . After the calculation is completed, the smart contract sorts the submitted prices, filters out the lowest price , and selects the h data owners with the lowest price to enter the next round of price negotiation, to ensure the market competitiveness of the pricing process.

[0092] ① Lowest price calculation (based on cost method):

[0093] The cost method is a pricing method based on the production and management cost of data, which ensures that the data pricing will not be lower than the basic cost of the provider, avoiding loss. The smart contract calculates the lowest transaction price of the data according to the cost pricing model :

[0094]

[0095] wherein, represents the production cost of data, is the data quality depreciation privacy, which measures the degree of value decay of data, is the expected profit rate and ≥0.

[0096] ② Highest price calculation (based on income method):

[0097] The income method calculates the reasonable market highest transaction price of data by predicting the expected income of data in future cycles combined with the discount rate. The smart contract calculates the highest transaction price of data according to the following formula:

[0098]

[0099] wherein, is the highest transaction price, is the expected income in the year, is the market discount rate, is the income evaluation period, is the end-of-period residual value income, is the income evaluation period.

[0100] (2) In the initial stage of data price negotiation, h data owners submit their initial offers through the smart contract at the same time, denoted as . The smart contract receives and verifies the offer information in real time. If the data demander receives a certain offer, the transaction is immediately completed and the negotiation process is ended. When the parties involved fail to reach an agreement, the smart contract automatically executes the following processing flow: first, sort all received offers, and filter out the lowest offer through a pre-set sorting algorithm; second, based on the lowest offer, generate the corresponding data owner set . Finally, to further optimize the negotiation efficiency, the Rubinstein bargaining theory is introduced to build a dynamic negotiation model, which calculates the recommended price through the model and takes this price as the benchmark reference value for the second stage of negotiation, to realize the standardization and efficiency optimization of the negotiation process:

[0101]

[0102] (3) In the second stage of data price negotiation, the data demander and the data provider set selected through the first stage establish a point-to-point negotiation channel. In the negotiation process, a distributed negotiation algorithm is adopted to generate a recommended price As a benchmark reference value, the data requester bases... To set Each data provider sends a negotiation request. If the data requester's offer is lower than the minimum acceptable offer, the transaction terminates and is declared a failure. Otherwise, the data owner decides whether to accept the data requester's offer. Since this negotiation process involves only two extreme choices, if the data owner rejects the data requester's offer in the second phase, the transaction will completely fail, and none of the participants will gain any benefit. In a multi-faceted game of interests, generally at least one data owner will determine that the offer can cover their data investment costs and generate a corresponding profit, thus establishing a consensus on the data transaction.

[0103] In this implementation, based on the Rubinstein bargaining game model, a smart contract automatically solves for the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium, enabling dynamic price adjustments between data demanders and multiple data owners. The system converges rapidly at the optimal solution, thereby reducing price negotiation costs, avoiding transaction friction caused by prolonged negotiations, and increasing the success rate of data transactions. Furthermore, by incorporating historical transaction data, it overcomes the shortcomings of traditional pricing models, such as their inability to adapt to dynamic fluctuations in data value, lack of market feedback mechanisms, and inability to adapt to multi-party competition scenarios, ensuring that data transaction prices align with optimal market expectations.

[0104] Furthermore, the game theory-based multi-party data transaction price dynamic negotiation and matching algorithm enables market-driven intelligent pricing, ensuring that all parties define prices reasonably based on market demand and supply. This avoids issues such as price manipulation, lack of transparency, and high negotiation costs, and optimizes the transaction process through a fair, transparent, and efficient price negotiation mechanism. Simultaneously, combined with an on-chain and off-chain collaborative evidence collection dispute arbitration mechanism, it achieves an automated arbitration process based on smart contracts and a distributed adjudication mechanism involving multiple parties. This overcomes the problems of low negotiation efficiency and long dispute resolution cycles in traditional data trading platforms, achieving automation, transparency, and efficiency in the data transaction process, and providing a solution for building a trustworthy data trading ecosystem.

[0105] Optionally, the blockchain system further includes an arbitration node. After determining the transaction result through price negotiation based on the m price parameters submitted by the m first data owner nodes and the smart contract, the method further includes:

[0106] In a case where the first data demander node fails to pay the resource corresponding to the transaction price within a preset specified time, or in a case where the first data demander node fails to verify the first target data, the arbitration node receives an arbitration result corresponding to an arbitration request sent by the first data demander node, the arbitration request being used to request to punish the target data owner node;

[0107] The target data owner node or the first data demander node is punished based on the arbitration result.

[0108] It can be understood that if the data demander fails to complete payment within a time window set by the smart contract, or a transaction dispute is caused by data verification failure, the smart contract triggers an arbitration mechanism.

[0109] Specifically, the arbitration node can be a special node in the blockchain system, such as an independent arbitration institution, which is used to receive arbitration requests, audit evidence, and generate arbitration results, to ensure fair resolution of disputes.

[0110] It should be noted that the arbitration result can be determined by the arbitration node by accessing the blockchain network, querying on-chain transaction records, data access logs, and fund flow information, and other evidence.

[0111] In the data transaction process, the smart contract can automatically trigger a dispute resolution process according to whether there is a problem in the data transaction process, quickly obtain real transaction evidence by combining on-chain records and off-chain evidence, reduce human intervention and disputes, and ensure the integrity of the behaviors and transaction evidence of both parties on the blockchain.

[0112] Exemplarily, Figure 4 is a timing flow chart of a data transaction payment and dispute arbitration process provided by an embodiment of the present application, as Figure 4 shown, for the case where the data demander fails to pay on time, the smart contract automatically executes a breach handling logic, and transfers the deposit and the locked transaction amount of the data demander to the data owner.

[0113] If the data demander questions the data quality and submits an arbitration request, the smart contract combines on-chain evidence data and off-chain supplementary evidence to assist the arbitration institution to make a fair ruling, and executes corresponding responsibility attribution and fund transfer according to the arbitration result. Exemplarily, Figure 5 is a timing flow chart of a data owner providing a false data dispute resolution mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present application, as Figure 5As shown, when the data demander finds that the data verification fails, the arbitration agency can be applied to start the dispute processing procedure through the smart contract. The arbitration agency first queries the data digest information through the blockchain, and carries out detailed checking in combination with the off-chain verification mechanism, to ensure the consistency and authenticity of the data. If it is confirmed that the target data owner has a false behavior, the smart contract automatically deducts the credit guarantee money of the target data owner and returns it to the data demander; if the data demander has a malicious false accusation behavior, the deposit of the data demander is confiscated and returned to the target data owner. In addition, the arbitration result will update the credit rating in real time to the blockchain to adjust the credit rating of the data traders, to ensure the legal rights and interests of the transaction parties and the fairness of the credit system. It can be understood that when the data demander publishes the data demand, the smart contract will preferentially recommend the data owner with high credit rating when matching the data owner.

[0114] In the data transaction process, if the data demander does not perform the payment obligation within the specified payment period, the data owner will apply to start the dispute processing procedure to the arbitration agency. Exemplarily, Figure 6 is a time sequence flow chart of arbitration of non-payment of data demander provided by the embodiment of the application, as Figure 6 shown, after accepting the application, the arbitration agency will accurately trace the behavior of the data demander publishing the data demand task based on the distributed ledger constructed by the blockchain technology, at the same time, the arbitration agency uses the smart contract audit tool to query the detailed situation of the fund transfer of the two parties, including the transaction initiation time, the fund amount and other information, and makes a final arbitration judgment based on in-depth analysis. If the arbitration result confirms that the data demander has published the data demand task and the payment is overdue, and no fund transfer information is found on the chain, the smart contract will automatically trigger and execute the following operations: based on the arbitration result, the fund transfer and right compensation process is automatically executed, part of the funds of the data demander is transferred to the data owner and the deposit of the data owner is returned. If the arbitration result is false, that is, the data demander does not maliciously breach the contract or there is evidence showing that the data owner behaves improperly, the data owner needs to pay the corresponding penalty amount to compensate for the loss caused by the improper arbitration request.

[0115] In this embodiment, by connecting the arbitration agency to the blockchain node, and relying on the tamper-proof data digest information on the blockchain and the evidence collected off-chain, efficient, fair and transparent dispute processing is carried out, to ensure that the dispute resolution process is not interfered by human intervention, to improve the fairness and transparency of the data transaction, and at the same time, the smart contract automatically executes the arbitration rules to ensure the consistency and efficiency of the dispute processing.

[0116] Exemplarily, Figure 7 is an interaction schematic diagram of data transaction provided by the embodiment of the application, as Figure 7 shown, the process of data transaction mainly includes the following steps:

[0117] (1) Data preparation: Before data transaction, the data owner uses encryption algorithm to encrypt the original data, and generates unique data fingerprint information combined with the hash algorithm. The encrypted data is uploaded to the cloud server through the secure transmission protocol, and the metadata of the data is registered to the blockchain network through the smart contract and stored in the data rights index chain.

[0118] (2) Transaction demand release: The data demander first calls the smart contract and publishes the data demand information on the data rights index chain. The smart contract automatically creates a demand task pool after receiving the request, and binds the task pool with the account address of the data demander. Then, the data demand information is broadcast to the entire blockchain network node using the distributed peer-to-peer network protocol.

[0119] (3) Task response and verification: After receiving the demand task, the data owner submits the data metadata digest and credit deposit through the smart contract, and uses the corresponding verification mechanism to audit the submitted information. After the audit is passed, the relevant information is written into the demand task pool of the blockchain.

[0120] (4) Intelligent pricing: The data demander and multiple data owners conduct multi-round automatic price negotiation through the smart contract, then reach a price consensus to determine the final transaction price and preferred transaction object.

[0121] (5) Transaction execution and fund escrow: After reaching a transaction agreement, the smart contract starts a timer mechanism, requiring the data demander to complete the payment within a specified time. The payment funds are temporarily escrowed by the smart contract until the data verification is completed.

[0122] (6) Data verification phase: The data demander needs to verify the integrity and authenticity of the downloaded encrypted data. The downloaded data is hashed by hash verification, and the obtained hash value is compared with the original data fingerprint stored in the blockchain for identity verification. After the verification is passed, the smart contract automatically triggers the fund settlement logic to release the escrow funds to the data owner's blockchain account.

[0123] (7) Dispute handling and punishment: If there is a payment timeout or data verification failure, the system automatically starts the distributed arbitration mechanism. The arbitration agency makes intelligent decisions by querying the blockchain transaction records and combining the off-chain evidence database. The smart contract automatically executes the corresponding punishment measures according to the decision results, including but not limited to credit score deduction, credit deposit fine, etc.

[0124] In this embodiment, the distributed trusted data transaction scheme based on the blockchain provides end-to-end data transaction services for users, and realizes full-process automatic data transaction management through an automatic execution mechanism of the smart contract, including automatic matching of demand publishing, intelligent decision of price negotiation, automatic execution of payment settlement, and intelligent ruling of dispute arbitration, so as to eliminate the dependence on a third-party intermediary platform, reduce the data transaction cost, and ensure the fairness and security of data transaction. Moreover, the automatic execution mechanism can solve the problems of lack of transaction transparency, low price negotiation efficiency, non-transparent negotiation process, and potential price manipulation risk in the traditional point-to-point data transaction mode, and in the traditional mode, the transaction parties often rely on a third-party intermediary institution for price negotiation and dispute arbitration, resulting in increased transaction cost and introduction of additional trust risk.

[0125] In some embodiments, before creating a demand task pool by using a smart contract based on the data demand information and broadcasting the data demand information to each node in the blockchain system, the method further comprises registering and storing data by the at least one data owner node and the at least one data demander node.

[0126] Exemplarily, Figure 8 is a timing flow chart of user registration and data storage provided by an embodiment of the present application, as Figure 8 shown, in the initialization stage, all participating entities (including data supply and demand parties and arbitration institutions) need to register on the blockchain network and submit digital identity credentials, the blockchain network verifies the submitted identity credentials through distributed consensus, and after verification, assigns a unique public key, private key and blockchain account address to each participant, and encrypts the key information and transmits it to the cloud server, while the smart contract records the data storage address and other transaction-related metadata on the data transaction chain, ensuring the traceability and security of data.

[0127] Optionally, the method further comprises:

[0128] In the case where the second data demander node determines a second target data based on the data right index chain and a preset search condition, the first access request of the second data demander node is broadcast to each node in the blockchain system, and the first access request is used to request access to the second target data of the second data owner node, the second data demander node is one of the at least one data demander node, and the second data owner node is one of the at least one data owner node;

[0129] receive the encrypted access credential of the second target data obtained by signing the data access credential of the second target data by the second data owner node, and write the encrypted access credential into the data flow credential chain;

[0130] In a case where the second data demander node sends a second access request to the data storage server, the encrypted access credential is verified based on the data storage server and the data flow credential chain, and in a case where the verification is passed, the second target data is sent to the second data demander node, the second access request including the encrypted access credential.

[0131] Specifically, the preset retrieval condition can be a query rule set by the second data demander node, used for screening the second target data on the data right index chain. The data access credential can be a temporary permission file generated by the second data owner node, and specifically can include an access rule.

[0132] In this embodiment, by receiving the encrypted access credential of the second target data obtained by signing the data access credential of the second target data by the second data owner node, and writing the encrypted access credential into the data flow credential chain, the encrypted access credential can be verified based on the data storage server and the data flow credential chain, so as to prevent fake credentials or the use of expired credentials, thereby improving the security of data access.

[0133] Optionally, the data storage server is configured to store the second target data uploaded by the second data owner node, and send a target storage address corresponding to the second target data to the second data owner node.

[0134] The data access credential includes encrypted information of the second target data, and the encrypted information is obtained by encrypting a target storage address corresponding to the second target data by using a public key of the second data demander node.

[0135] The second data demander node is configured to obtain the encrypted access credential, and decrypt the encrypted information in the encrypted access credential to obtain the target storage address, and send a second access request to the data storage server based on the target storage address, the second access request also including the target storage address, and the data storage server is also configured to verify the target storage address.

[0136] Specifically, the data storage server storing the second target data can be data sharding processing the second target data and storing in multiple different addresses to realize distributed storage.

[0137] The verification of the target storage address can be a comparison between the network address provided by the requestor and the authorized address information recorded in the credential, to ensure the consistency of the physical location of the access request.

[0138] In this embodiment, the target storage address corresponding to the second target data is encrypted by using the public key of the second data requester node, so that the data can only be accessed by the authorized node, and the data can be prevented from being stolen or misused. By verifying the target storage address, the access permission can be bound to a specific physical or network location, so that the access credential cannot be hijacked and used elsewhere, thereby further improving the security of data access.

[0139] An exemplary, Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of data flow and access permission management provided by an embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figure 9 The specific process of the second data requester node requesting access to the second target data is as follows:

[0140] (1) The data owner uploads the original data to be stored to the distributed storage cluster through an encrypted transmission channel. When receiving the data, the storage server first performs integrity check on the original data. After the check passes, the original data is split into multiple independent data blocks according to a preset data sharding strategy, and each data block is encoded. At the same time, a unique data storage address identifier is generated. The storage server returns to the data owner through the corresponding secure channel, and synchronously updates the address mapping table in the system, so as to facilitate subsequent data retrieval and access operations.

[0141] (2) The data requester first calls the smart contract on the data rights index chain and performs a query operation. The smart contract filters the rights data stored on the chain according to the preset retrieval conditions, and returns the metadata index information of the target data set that meets the requirements. The query result contains the meta-information digest of the target data, the access permission requirement, and the data owner identity, etc. When the target data is determined, the data requester will initiate an access request and encapsulate the access request as a blockchain transaction through the peer-to-peer network, and broadcast it to the entire network node for consensus verification, to ensure that the data owner can receive the request in time and perform subsequent processing.

[0142] (3) When the data owner receives the access request, the data requester is first authenticated by the identity authentication module of the blockchain network. After verification, the system automatically generates a structured data access credential, which contains metadata such as access validity period, operation authority range, and usage constraint conditions. To protect the confidentiality of the data storage address, the system uses an asymmetric encryption algorithm to encrypt the original storage address using the public key of the data requester, ensuring that only authorized users can decrypt and obtain the actual storage location. Subsequently, the data owner uses its private key to digitally sign the access credential, generating a unique identifier to ensure the integrity and tamper resistance of the credential. After signing, the system writes the encrypted access credential into the data flow transfer credential chain and stores it through the consensus mechanism of the blockchain network. Finally, the access credential is broadcast to the data requester through a secure channel, and complete authorization logs are recorded to ensure the security and transparency of the data access process.

[0143] (4) After receiving the access credential broadcast by the blockchain network, the data requester first obtains the complete encrypted credential information through the verification interface of the data flow transfer credential chain. Then, the data requester's private key is used to decrypt the encrypted data storage address field in the credential to obtain the actual storage location information of the target data. After successful decryption, a data access request is automatically constructed, and the data requester sends the access request to the data storage server through a secure transmission protocol, while triggering the access log recording function.

[0144] (5) After receiving the access request, the data storage server first performs address matching verification by comparing the network address provided by the requester with the authorized address information recorded in the credential to ensure the physical location consistency of the access request. Then, the server extracts the unique identifier of the access credential and initiates a distributed verification request to the data flow transfer credential chain. After verification, the data storage server performs the corresponding data processing operation according to the service level agreement defined in the credential.

[0145] In this embodiment, by constructing distributed data access credentials closely bound to data ownership information, these data access credentials cover key information such as data ownership and access rights, and rely on blockchain technology to achieve trusted storage and tamper protection. In addition, the access credential can be automatically verified by the smart contract when the data requester requests access, ensuring that only authorized users can access the target data, thereby achieving control over the data access flow process.

[0146] And by flexible generation, storage and verification of data access credentials, the problem of token mechanism update not in time and permission conflict in traditional system is solved, and the dependence on centralized management platform is eliminated, which can solve the problem that the traditional centralized platform mode has information leakage and tampering risk in data authorization and verification process and cannot provide sufficient security guarantee. The encryption signature of the credential and the blockchain confirmation mechanism ensure that the permission management in the data flow process is more transparent and secure, and also has high dynamicity, which can reflect the permission changes in real time, thereby enhancing the controllability and security of the data flow.

[0147] Optionally, the method further comprises:

[0148] The third data owner node corresponds to the original data, and the right metadata is used to describe the original data corresponding to the third data owner node. The third data owner node is one of the at least one data owner node;

[0149] The right metadata is hashed using a preset encryption algorithm to obtain data identification information, and the data identification information is used to identify the original data corresponding to the third data owner node;

[0150] The data identification information and the ownership information of the original data corresponding to the third data owner node are bound and stored in the data right index chain.

[0151] Specifically, the above-mentioned preset encryption algorithm can be a national commercial cryptographic algorithm SM3, and can also be other encryption algorithms, which are not limited in the present application. The above-mentioned right metadata can include data name, type, permission information and other key information of original data.

[0152] It can be understood that data right is a key technology to clarify data ownership and usage right, especially in the data flow process. If the data ownership is not clear, it may cause various information asymmetry and disputes.

[0153] Exemplarily, Figure 10 is a flowchart of data right provided by an embodiment of the present application, as Figure 10 The above-mentioned process of data right of the original data corresponding to the third data owner node can be divided into the following three stages:

[0154] Stage one, metadata analysis and generation of right information:

[0155] By creating a metadata template, the raw data is parsed to extract key information such as data name, type, and owner. Then, the structured data template is used to efficiently generate data ownership metadata, providing an accurate description of the data and avoiding the storage and transmission pressure caused by directly using large-scale raw data.

[0156] Phase Two: Generate Unique Data Identifiers:

[0157] Figure 11 This is a flowchart of a data identifier generation method provided in an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 11 As shown, by applying the SM3 digest algorithm, the ownership metadata information associated with the original data is hashed, ensuring that each piece of data has a unique identifier and avoiding the risk of data duplication or tampering. As a national standard encryption algorithm, the SM3 algorithm ensures that the generated identifier has high security and uniqueness, and prevents data identifiers from being tampered with or forged during transmission.

[0158] Phase Three: Binding of Ownership Information and Consensus Confirmation on the Blockchain:

[0159] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structural design of a data ownership confirmation index chain provided in an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 12 As shown, in order to ensure that the ownership and use rights of data are confirmed in a public and transparent manner, this application designs a data ownership confirmation index chain and adopts a smart contract-driven data ownership confirmation on-chain algorithm to bind the data ownership confirmation identifier and its associated ownership information and record them on the data ownership confirmation index chain, forming a traceable and tamper-proof ownership confirmation history. This makes the data ownership information verifiable throughout the entire data lifecycle and uses an on-chain consensus mechanism to complete the verification and storage of data ownership confirmation, avoiding the data tampering and trust issues that exist in traditional centralized ownership confirmation methods, and providing a reliable guarantee for the legal use and circulation of data.

[0160] In this implementation, the original data is parsed using a preset metadata template to extract key information such as data name, type, and permission information, which is then converted into structured metadata information. The metadata is then hashed using the national commercial cryptographic algorithm SM3 to generate an immutable and unique data ownership identifier. This identifier is highly bound to the data content, and any tampering or forgery will cause the hash value to become invalid, thereby ensuring the security of the data ownership information.

[0161] In addition, a smart contract-driven data ownership confirmation algorithm is adopted to bind the data ownership identifier and its associated ownership information. During the data ownership confirmation process, the ownership confirmation metadata is recorded to the data ownership confirmation index chain through smart contracts, and a distributed consensus mechanism is adopted to ensure that all ownership confirmation transactions are verified and confirmed by multiple nodes in the network, so that the ownership information of the data in each stage of the flow can be verified and traced.

[0162] Exemplary, Figure 13 is an interactive schematic diagram of data controllable flow provided by an embodiment of the present application, as Figure 13 shown, the specific process of data management based on data right index chain and data flow certificate chain is as follows:

[0163] (1) User registration and authentication: In the blockchain system, user registration and authentication is an important link to ensure data transaction security and transparency. First, the data owner and data demander need to complete identity registration on the data right index chain. The model verifies the identity information through on-chain identity authentication mechanism, ensuring the integrity of identity data. After authentication, the model will automatically generate a unique on-chain account address as the identity of the user in the data right and flow process. Through this identity authentication mechanism, the single point of failure risk of traditional centralized identity management mode is eliminated, ensuring the privacy protection, unforgeability and cross-chain mutual recognition of user identity, thereby providing clear and reliable identity authentication basis for subsequent data transaction, access authorization and data flow.

[0164] (2) Data encryption storage and right: The data owner encrypts the original data to prevent unauthorized access and ensure the authenticity and integrity of the data. On this basis, the data owner extracts the key attribute information of the data, constructs the right metadata, and calculates the unique identifier of the data using a hash algorithm. Then, through the smart contract, the ownership binding is executed to bind the right metadata with the data owner's identity and data encryption storage address, generate a verifiable right record, and store it in the data right index chain to realize the whole process of data ownership evidence. In addition, through the consensus mechanism, the data owner can complete the right confirmation on the data right index chain to prevent disputes over ownership due to data tampering or forgery.

[0165] (3) Data demand application and identity verification: Before requesting data, the data demander needs to go through the demand application and identity verification process. First, the data demander accesses the data right index chain, performs a query operation based on the smart contract, and retrieves the data resources that meet the demand according to the pre-set screening conditions. After receiving the application, the data owner verifies the identity of the data demander using the on-chain identity authentication mechanism.

[0166] (4) Access credential generation and flow authorization control: After identity verification, the data owner generates access credentials for the data based on the aforementioned distributed access credential method and records the credentials in the data flow credential chain. This credential will serve as a unique authorization identifier to ensure that only authorized users can access the relevant data during the subsequent data flow process, preventing unauthorized access and misuse.

[0167] (5) Data storage server access verification and intelligent service scheduling: when a data demander requests to access stored data, the data demander queries the access credential bound to the identity of the data demander through the data flow credential chain on the blockchain. Subsequently, the server verifies the identity and access rights of the requester through an intelligent contract driven automatic check based on the credential, the identity authentication mechanism, and the on-chain access control strategy. After verification, the data storage server provides the data demander with corresponding data download services according to the permission level and access strategy specified in the credential.

[0168] It can be understood that, based on the data right index chain and the data flow credential chain in the above blockchain system, the dependence on a third-party server in a traditional data flow mode can be overcome, the ownership information in the data flow process can be traced back throughout the process and dynamically adjusted, unauthorized access and data abuse can be effectively prevented, the dependence on a third-party intermediary can be reduced, the transaction cost can be reduced, and the security and transparency of data right, access control, and flow can be improved.

[0169] The present application builds a double-chain collaborative architecture, that is, a data right index chain and a data flow credential chain, separates right index management from flow credential management, solves the problems of single point failure and data tampering in the traditional centralized mode, designs a right framework based on a metadata template, and uses an SM3 digest algorithm to realize dynamic adjustment of permissions in the flow process. Unlike the blockchain right scheme in the related art, the present application solves the problem of lack of specific definition and description of data right information, especially in cross-domain data flow, the present application provides a unified standardized protocol, and promotes the interoperability of cross-platform and cross-domain data flow.

[0170] Referring to Figure 14 , Figure 14 is a structural schematic diagram of a data transaction device provided by an embodiment of the present application, applied to a blockchain system, the blockchain system including a data right index chain, a data flow credential chain, a data transaction chain, at least one data owner node, and at least one data demander node, the data right index chain being configured to store metadata of original data corresponding to the at least one data owner node, the data flow credential chain being configured to store data flow credentials and access authorization records, and the data transaction chain being configured to store storage addresses of the original data and data transaction information. Figure 14 As shown in FIG. 14, the data transaction device 1400 includes:

[0171] The first processing module 1401 is configured to, in response to receiving a data request of a first data demander node, create a demand task pool based on data demand information by using a smart contract, and broadcast the data demand information to each node in the blockchain system, wherein the first data demander node is one of the at least one data demander node, the data request comprises the data demand information, and the data demand information is used to indicate first target data.

[0172] The second processing module 1402 is configured to receive at least one data digest and a deposit submitted by at least one data owner node through the smart contract, and write the at least one data digest into the demand task pool, wherein the at least one data owner node corresponds to the at least one data digest one by one, and the data digest is used to describe original data corresponding to the data owner node.

[0173] The determining module 1403 is configured to, in response to the first data demander node determining m first data owner nodes based on the data demand information and the at least one data digest, perform price negotiation based on m price parameters submitted by the m first data owner nodes and the smart contract, and determine a transaction result, wherein the transaction result is used to indicate a transaction price and a target data owner node, the price parameter is used to represent a transaction price range of the at least one first data owner node, and m is a positive integer.

[0174] The distribution module 1404 is configured to, in response to the first data demander node paying a resource corresponding to the transaction price, distribute the first target data to the first data demander node.

[0175] Optionally, the data transaction apparatus further comprises:

[0176] The first verification module is configured to, in response to the first data demander node obtaining the first target data, verify the first target data based on the data right index chain by the first data demander node, and in response to the verification being passed, transfer funds to an account of the target data owner node based on the smart contract.

[0177] Optionally, the determining module comprises:

[0178] The computing unit is configured to calculate the price parameters of the m first data owner nodes by using the smart contract and a preset pricing model, to obtain m price intervals corresponding to the m first data owner nodes one by one.

[0179] The first screening unit is configured to screen h data owner nodes from the m price intervals based on the lowest bid price by using the smart contract, where h is less than or equal to m.

[0180] The first determining unit is configured to determine a transaction result indicating a first bid price and a data owner node corresponding to the first bid price, where the first bid price is any one of h preliminary bid prices, and the h preliminary bid prices are h preliminary bid prices respectively published by the h data owner nodes based on the m price intervals, when the first data demand node accepts the first bid price.

[0181] Optionally, the determining module further includes:

[0182] The second screening unit is configured to screen w data owner nodes from the h preliminary bid prices by using the smart contract, and calculate w recommended transaction prices corresponding to the w data owner nodes one by one, where w is less than or equal to h.

[0183] The second determining unit is configured to determine a transaction result indicating a second bid price and a data owner node corresponding to the second bid price, where the second bid price is any one of w secondary bid prices, and the w secondary bid prices are w secondary bid prices respectively published by the w data owner nodes based on the w recommended transaction prices, when the first data demand node accepts the second bid price.

[0184] Optionally, the blockchain system further includes an arbitration node, and the data transaction apparatus further includes:

[0185] The first receiving module is configured to receive an arbitration result corresponding to an arbitration request sent by the first data demand node to the arbitration node, when the first data demand node fails to pay a resource corresponding to the transaction price within a preset specified time, or when the first data demand node fails to verify the first target data, where the arbitration request is used to request to punish the target data owner node.

[0186] The punishment module is configured to punish the target data owner node or the first data demand node based on the arbitration result.

[0187] Optionally, the data transaction apparatus further includes:

[0188] a broadcasting module, configured to broadcast a first access request of a second data demander node to each node in the blockchain system in a case where the second data demander node determines second target data based on the data right index chain and a preset search condition, the first access request being used to request access to the second target data of a second data owner node, the second data demander node being one of the at least one data demander node, and the second data owner node being one of the at least one data owner node;

[0189] a second receiving module, configured to receive an encrypted access credential obtained by signing, by the second data owner node, a data access credential of the second target data, and write the encrypted access credential into the data flow transfer credential chain;

[0190] a second verifying module, configured to verify the encrypted access credential based on the data storage server and the data flow transfer credential chain in a case where the second data demander node sends a second access request to the data storage server, the second access request including the encrypted access credential, and send the second target data to the second data demander node in a case where the verification is passed.

[0191] Optionally, the data storage server is configured to store the second target data uploaded by the second data owner node, and send a target storage address corresponding to the second target data to the second data owner node.

[0192] The data access credential includes encrypted information of the second target data, the encrypted information being obtained by encrypting a target storage address corresponding to the second target data by using a public key of the second data demander node.

[0193] The second data demander node is configured to obtain the encrypted access credential, and decrypt the encrypted information in the encrypted access credential to obtain the target storage address, and send a second access request to the data storage server based on the target storage address, the second access request also including the target storage address, and the data storage server is further configured to verify the target storage address.

[0194] Optionally, the data transaction apparatus further includes:

[0195] a parsing module, configured to parse original data corresponding to a third data owner node by using a preset template to obtain right metadata, the right metadata being used to describe the original data corresponding to the third data owner node, the third data owner node being one of the at least one data owner node.

[0196] a third processing module, configured to perform hash processing on the right confirmation metadata by using a preset encryption algorithm to obtain data identification information, the data identification information being used to identify original data corresponding to the third data owner node;

[0197] a storage module, configured to bind the data identification information and ownership information of the original data corresponding to the third data owner node, and store the data identification information and the ownership information to the data right confirmation index chain.

[0198] It should be noted that the data transaction device provided by the embodiments of the present application is a device capable of executing the data transaction method described above, and all implementation manners in the data transaction method embodiments are applicable to the device, and all can achieve the same or similar beneficial effects. To avoid repetition, the embodiments will not be described again.

[0199] The data transaction device in the embodiments of the present application can be an electronic device, or a component in an electronic device, such as an integrated circuit or a chip. The electronic device can be a terminal, or other devices other than a terminal. Illustratively, the electronic device can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a palm computer, a vehicle-mounted electronic device, a mobile Internet device (MID), an augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) device, a robot, a wearable device, an ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), a netbook, or a personal digital assistant (PDA), etc. The non-mobile electronic device can also be a server, a network attached storage (NAS), a personal computer (PC), a television (TV), a teller machine, or a self-service machine, etc. The embodiments of the present application are not limited specifically.

[0200] The embodiments of the present application also provide an electronic device, which includes a processor, a memory, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the program is executed by the processor, it implements various processes of the data transaction method embodiments described above, and achieves the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, the embodiments will not be described again.

[0201] The embodiment of the present application further provides a computer readable storage medium, and the computer readable storage medium stores a computer program. The computer program is executed by a processor to realize each process of the data transaction method embodiment, and achieves the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, details are not described herein. The computer readable storage medium includes a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, an optical disk, and the like.

[0202] The embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product, which includes computer instructions. The computer instructions are executed by a processor to realize each process of the data transaction method embodiment, and achieves the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, details are not described herein.

[0203] It should be noted that in this paper, the term "including", "containing" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without more limitations, the element defined by the statement "including a" does not exclude the presence of another identical element in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0204] From the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the above embodiment method can be realized by software and necessary general hardware platform, of course, it can also be realized by hardware, but in many cases, the former is a better embodiment. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions of the present application can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes a plurality of instructions for making a terminal (which can be a mobile phone, computer, server, air conditioner, or network device, etc.) execute the method described in each embodiment of the present application.

[0205] The embodiments of the present application are described above in combination with the drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above specific embodiments. The above specific embodiments are only illustrative, not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make many forms under the inspiration of the present application without departing from the scope of the present application and the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method of data transaction, characterized by, The application is applied to a blockchain system, the blockchain system comprises a data right index chain, a data flow certificate chain, a data transaction chain, at least one data owner node and at least one data demander node, the data right index chain is used for storing metadata of original data corresponding to the at least one data owner node, the data flow certificate chain is used for storing data flow certificates and access authorization records; The data transaction chain is used for storing storage addresses of the original data and data transaction information; the method comprises: In the case that a data request of a first data demander node is received, a demand task pool is created by using an intelligent contract based on data demand information, and the data demand information is broadcast to each node in the blockchain system, wherein the first data demander node is one data demander node in the at least one data demander node, the data request comprises the data demand information, and the data demand information is used for indicating first target data; At least one data digest and a margin submitted by the at least one data owner node through the intelligent contract are received, and the at least one data digest is written into the demand task pool, wherein the at least one data owner node corresponds to the at least one data digest one by one, and the data digest is used for describing original data corresponding to the data owner node; In the case that the first data demander node determines m first data owner nodes based on the data demand information and the at least one data digest, price negotiation is performed based on m price parameters submitted by the m first data owner nodes and the intelligent contract to determine a transaction result, the transaction result is used for indicating a transaction price and a target data owner node, the price parameter is used for representing a transaction price range of the at least one first data owner node, and m is a positive integer; In the case that the first data demander node pays resources corresponding to the transaction price, the first target data is allocated to the first data demander node; The price negotiation based on the m price parameters submitted by the m first data owner nodes and the intelligent contract to determine the transaction result comprises: The price parameters of the m first data owner nodes are calculated by using the intelligent contract and a preset pricing model to obtain m price intervals corresponding to the m first data owner nodes one by one; According to the lowest bid of the m price intervals, h data owner nodes are screened out by using the intelligent contract, and h is less than or equal to m; In the case that the first data demander node accepts a first bid, a transaction result is determined, the transaction result is used for indicating the first bid and a data owner node corresponding to the first bid, the first bid is any one of h preliminary bids, and the h preliminary bids are h preliminary bids respectively published by the h data owner nodes based on the m price intervals.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, After the first target data is allocated to the first data demander node, the method further comprises: In a case where the first data demander node acquires the first target data, the first data demander node verifies the first target data based on the data right index chain, and in a case where the verification is passed, transfers funds to an account of the target data owner node based on the smart contract.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, After the filtering of the h data owner nodes from the m price intervals based on the smart contract, the method further comprises: filtering w data owner nodes from the h data owner nodes based on the smart contract, and calculating w recommended transaction prices corresponding to the w data owner nodes one by one, w being less than or equal to h; In a case where the first data demander node accepts a second bid, determining a transaction result, the transaction result being used to indicate the second bid and a data owner node corresponding to the second bid, the second bid being any one of w secondary bids, the w secondary bids being w secondary bids respectively published by the w data owner nodes based on the w recommended transaction prices.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein, After the price negotiation based on the m price parameters submitted by the m first data owner nodes and the smart contract and the determination of the transaction result, the method further comprises: In a case where the first data demander node does not pay for the resources corresponding to the transaction price within a preset specified time, or in a case where the first data demander node fails to verify the first target data, receiving an arbitration result corresponding to an arbitration request sent by the first data demander node to the arbitration node, the arbitration request being used to request to punish the target data owner node; Punishing the target data owner node or the first data demander node based on the arbitration result.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method further comprises: In a case where a second data demander node determines a second target data based on the data right index chain and a preset search condition, broadcasting a first access request of the second data demander node to each node in the blockchain system, the first access request being used to request to access second target data of a second data owner node, the second data demander node being one of the at least one data demander node, and the second data owner node being one of the at least one data owner node; Receiving an encrypted access credential obtained by signing a data access credential of the second target data by the second data owner node, and writing the encrypted access credential into the data flow transfer credential chain; In a case where the second data demander node sends a second access request to a data storage server, verifying the encrypted access credential based on the data storage server and the data flow transfer credential chain, and in a case where the verification is passed, sending the second target data to the second data demander node, the second access request comprising the encrypted access credential.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein, The data storage server is configured to store second target data uploaded by the second data owner node, and send a target storage address corresponding to the second target data to the second data owner node; The data access credential includes encrypted information of the second target data, and the encrypted information is obtained by encrypting the target storage address corresponding to the second target data by using a public key of the second data requester node; The second data requester node is configured to obtain the encrypted access credential, decrypt the encrypted information in the encrypted access credential to obtain the target storage address, and send a second access request to the data storage server based on the target storage address, the second access request further including the target storage address, and the data storage server is further configured to verify the target storage address.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method further includes: analyzing original data corresponding to a third data owner node by using a preset template to obtain right-proving metadata, the right-proving metadata being used to describe the original data corresponding to the third data owner node, the third data owner node being one of the at least one data owner node; hashing the right-proving metadata by using a preset encryption algorithm to obtain data identification information, the data identification information being used to identify the original data corresponding to the third data owner node; binding the data identification information and ownership information of the original data corresponding to the third data owner node, and storing the data identification information and the ownership information to the data right-proving index chain.

8. A data transaction apparatus, characterized by comprising: The application is applied to a blockchain system, the blockchain system including a data right-proving index chain, a data flow transfer credential chain, a data transaction chain, at least one data owner node, and at least one data requester node, the data right-proving index chain being configured to store metadata of original data corresponding to the at least one data owner node, and the data flow transfer credential chain being configured to store data flow transfer credentials and access authorization records. The data transaction chain is configured to store storage addresses of the original data and data transaction information. The first processing module is configured to, in a case where a data request of a first data requester node is received, create a demand task pool by using a smart contract based on data demand information, and broadcast the data demand information to each node in the blockchain system, the first data requester node being one of the at least one data requester node, the data request including the data demand information, and the data demand information being used to indicate first target data. The second processing module is configured to receive at least one data digest and a deposit submitted by the at least one data owner node through the smart contract, and write the at least one data digest into the demand task pool, the at least one data owner node corresponding to the at least one data digest in a one-to-one manner, and the data digest being used to describe original data corresponding to the data owner node. determining, by the first data demander node, a transaction result based on the m price parameters submitted by the m first data owner nodes and the smart contract, in a case that the first data demander node determines the m first data owner nodes based on the data demand information and the at least one data digest, the transaction result being used to indicate a transaction price and a target data owner node, the price parameter being used to represent a transaction price range of the at least one first data owner node, and m being a positive integer; allocating, by the first data demander node, the first target data to the first data demander node in a case that the first data demander node pays a resource corresponding to the transaction price; the determining module comprises: a calculation unit configured to calculate the price parameters of the m first data owner nodes by using the smart contract and a preset pricing model, to obtain m price intervals corresponding to the m first data owner nodes respectively; a first screening unit configured to screen h data owner nodes according to the lowest bid of the m price intervals by using the smart contract, h being less than or equal to m; a first determining unit configured to determine a transaction result in a case that the first data demander node accepts a first bid, the transaction result being used to indicate the first bid and a data owner node corresponding to the first bid, the first bid being any one of h preliminary bids, and the h preliminary bids being h preliminary bids respectively published by the h data owner nodes based on the m price intervals.

9. An electronic device, comprising: comprise: a processor, a memory, and a program stored in the memory and executable in the processor, the program being executed by the processor to implement the steps of the data transaction method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer program is stored in the computer readable storage medium, and the computer program is executed by the processor to implement the steps of the data transaction method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

11. A computer program product, characterised in that, The computer program comprises computer instructions, and the computer instructions are executed by the processor to implement the steps of the data transaction method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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