Thermal management system for hydrogen-oxygen-heat-power quadruple supply system for high-cold and high-altitude areas

Abstract

The invention discloses a thermal management system for a hydrogen-oxygen-heat-power quadruple supply system for a high-cold and high-altitude area. The thermal management system comprises an input and production unit, a storage and processing unit, a power generation and heat recovery unit, a thermal management loop unit, a thermal management auxiliary system, an intelligent control unit and an energy output and application unit. Through precise design of the multi-temperature gradient heat management loop unit, under cooperation of the intelligent control unit, all energy generated in the system is recycled in a graded mode, distributed according to needs and recycled, finally, efficient output is achieved through the energy output and application unit, and the application bottleneck in the high-cold and high-altitude environment is thoroughly solved. The system solves the problems that the heat dissipation efficiency is suddenly reduced at a high altitude, low-temperature starting and operation are difficult, water resources are seriously wasted, and the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy is low in an existing unified heat management system.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the field of heat management systems, in particular to a heat management system for a hydrogen-oxygen heat and electricity quadruple supply system in an alpine high-altitude area. BACKGROUND

[0002] A hydrogen-oxygen heat and electricity supply system based on water electrolysis hydrogen production and hydrogen fuel cells is considered as one of the key distributed energy technologies for realizing high-proportion renewable energy utilization and deep decarbonization. The system can convert unstable green power such as wind power and solar power into stable hydrogen energy, and simultaneously output electric energy, heat energy, oxygen and pure water through fuel cell technology, realize the cascade comprehensive utilization of energy, and has a very high theoretical comprehensive efficiency. The system has shown a good application prospect in plain areas. However, the existing heat management system still has problems such as sharp decrease of heat dissipation efficiency at high altitudes, difficulty in low-temperature starting and running, serious waste of water resources and low energy comprehensive utilization efficiency.

[0003] Therefore, it is very necessary to invent a heat management system for a hydrogen-oxygen heat and electricity quadruple supply system in an alpine high-altitude area. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a heat management system for a hydrogen-oxygen heat and electricity quadruple supply system in an alpine high-altitude area, to solve the problems of the existing heat management system, such as sharp decrease of heat dissipation efficiency at high altitudes, difficulty in low-temperature starting and running, serious waste of water resources and low energy comprehensive utilization efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme: an input and production unit, a storage and treatment unit, a power generation and heat recovery unit, a heat management loop unit, a heat management auxiliary system, an intelligent control unit and an energy output and utilization unit.

[0006] The input and production unit comprises a water electrolysis hydrogen production device, pure water and new energy power generation, and the pure water and new energy power generation are input into the water electrolysis hydrogen production device to form hydrogen and oxygen.

[0007] The storage and treatment unit comprises an oxygen storage tank, a solid-state hydrogen storage device and a high-pressure hydrogen tank, the oxygen storage tank collects oxygen generated by the water electrolysis hydrogen production device, the solid-state hydrogen storage device collects hydrogen generated by the water electrolysis hydrogen production device, and the hydrogen is input into the high-pressure hydrogen tank after being pressurized.

[0008] The power generation and heat recovery unit comprises a hydrogen fuel cell stack and a high-temperature tail gas heat exchanger, the hydrogen fuel cell stack is connected to the oxygen from the oxygen storage tank and the hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen tank after being depressurized to perform electrochemical reaction, and the high-temperature tail gas discharged from the hydrogen fuel cell stack enters the high-temperature tail gas heat exchanger.

[0009] The heat management loop unit comprises a high-temperature loop, a medium-temperature loop and a low-temperature loop; the high-temperature loop internally comprises tail gas heat energy, and the tail gas heat energy is heat generated by the high-temperature tail gas heat exchanger at 60-90 DEG; The medium-temperature loop comprises a plate heat exchanger module and a highland self-adaptive radiator, and a medium internally passes through the plate heat exchanger module to carry the waste heat of the hydrogen fuel cell stack; when the heat in the plate heat exchanger module cannot be completely absorbed and the temperature approaches the upper limit, the highland self-adaptive radiator starts to exchange heat with the external environment at minimum power. The low-temperature loop comprises a pressure reducing valve and a cold energy recovery unit, and the pressure reducing valve receives high-pressure hydrogen gas from a high-pressure hydrogen tank and discharges the high-pressure hydrogen gas to generate low-temperature cold energy, which is recovered by the cold energy recovery unit.

[0010] The heat management auxiliary system comprises a directional heat circulation pump, a heat storage water tank and a phase change material preheating library, and the phase change material preheating library is wrapped around the hydrogen fuel cell stack and the pressure reducing valve to keep them warm; when cold starting, the directional heat circulation pump starts to accurately and quickly pump the heat in the heat storage water tank or the heat generated by electric heating to the hydrogen fuel cell stack and the pressure reducing valve.

[0011] The intelligent control unit comprises a sensing network and an intelligent controller, and the sensing network can collect data such as temperature, pressure, flow, altitude, external temperature and humidity in real time; the intelligent controller is provided with a highland self-adaptive expert algorithm model, which dynamically controls the start-stop and rotating speed of all valves, pumps and fans according to real-time power generation load, user's heat / cold demand and system state, intelligently decides the flow direction and priority of heat, and ensures that the system can operate efficiently and stably under any working condition.

[0012] The energy output and application unit comprises user power supply, condensate water recovery, air conditioning / cooling equipment, heating and absorption refrigerating machine, the user power supply receives the power generated by the hydrogen fuel cell stack, the condensate water recovery is used to recover the condensate water generated by the high-temperature tail gas heat exchanger, the air conditioning / cooling equipment realizes cooling work by receiving cold energy from the absorption refrigerating machine or the cold energy recovery unit, and the heating can directly use the heat generated by the tail gas heat energy.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects: The present application realizes the graded recovery and accurate utilization of the waste heat of the hydrogen fuel cell stack, the high-temperature tail gas heat energy and the low-temperature cold energy of the pressure reducing valve by setting the multi-temperature gradient heat management loop unit comprising the high-temperature loop, the medium-temperature loop and the low-temperature loop, and the coordinated control of the intelligent control unit, and fundamentally solves the technical problems of low heat dissipation efficiency and large energy consumption of the traditional system in the high-cold and high-altitude environment.

[0014] The system of the present application has internal circulation optimization, high energy comprehensive utilization efficiency: the heat of the medium temperature circuit is used for heating and driving the absorption refrigeration machine through the plate heat exchanger module, the heat recovered by the high temperature tail gas heat exchanger is used for heating the solid hydrogen storage device, and the low temperature cold energy generated by the pressure reducing valve is recovered and utilized by the cold energy recovery unit to supply cold energy to the air conditioning / cooling equipment, realizing the cascade and recycling utilization of the internal energy of the system, and improving the comprehensive utilization rate of energy by more than 15%.

[0015] The present application has near zero water resource discharge, and realizes self-sustaining operation of the system: through the combination of the high temperature tail gas heat exchanger and the condensate water recovery device, the water vapor generated by the electrochemical reaction of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is efficiently condensed and recovered, realizing closed loop management of water resources, and significantly enhancing the self-sustaining ability and application value of the system in a drought and water shortage environment.

[0016] The present application has rapid start-up and use in extremely cold environments: through the heat management auxiliary system composed of a phase change material preheating library, a heat storage water tank and a directional heat circulation pump, heat storage and directional preheating functions are provided for key components such as the hydrogen fuel cell stack and the pressure reducing valve, ensuring that the system can be quickly and low-energy started and stably operated all day in an extremely cold environment below-30°C.

[0017] The present application has high system integration and intelligence: through the intelligent control unit, real-time data of the sensor network are received, and through the algorithm built in the intelligent controller, the working state of each circuit, pump, valve and radiator is dynamically adjusted and controlled, reducing the damage caused by severe working condition fluctuations, making the working environment of each component of the system more moderate and stable, and significantly improving the overall operation reliability and service life. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 is a structural schematic view of the front face of the present application.

[0019] Figure 2 is a system schematic view of the input and production unit of the present application.

[0020] Figure 3 is a system schematic view of the storage and processing unit of the present application.

[0021] Figure 4 is a system schematic view of the power generation and heat recovery unit of the present application.

[0022] Figure 5 is a system schematic view of the heat management circuit unit of the present application.

[0023] Figure 6 is a system schematic view of the heat management auxiliary system of the present application.

[0024] Figure 7 is a system schematic view of the intelligent control unit of the present application.

[0025] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the energy output and utilization unit system of the present application.

[0026] In the figure: Input and production unit A, storage and processing unit B, power generation and heat recovery unit C, heat management circuit unit D, heat management auxiliary system E, intelligent control unit F, energy output and utilization unit G, water electrolysis hydrogen production device 1, pure water 2, new energy power generation 3, oxygen storage tank 4, solid-state hydrogen storage device 5, high-pressure hydrogen tank 6, hydrogen fuel cell stack 7, high-temperature tail gas heat exchanger 8, high-temperature circuit D1, medium-temperature circuit D2, low-temperature circuit D3, tail gas heat energy 9, plate heat exchanger module 10, highland self-adaptive radiator 11, pressure reducing valve 12, cold energy recovery unit 13, directional heat circulating pump 14, heat storage water tank 15, phase change material preheating library 16, sensor network 17, intelligent controller 18, user power supply 19, condensate water recovery 20, air conditioning / cooling equipment 21, heating 22, absorption refrigeration machine 23. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0028] As shown in the accompanying Figures 1-8 As shown: The present application provides a hydrogen-oxygen heat and electricity quadruple supply system heat management system for high-cold high-altitude areas, which comprises an input and production unit A, a storage and processing unit B, a power generation and heat recovery unit C, a heat management circuit unit D, a heat management auxiliary system E, an intelligent control unit F and an energy output and utilization unit G.

[0029] The input and production unit A comprises a water electrolysis hydrogen production device 1, pure water 2 and new energy power generation 3, and the pure water 2 and new energy power generation 3 are input into the water electrolysis hydrogen production device 1 to form hydrogen and oxygen.

[0030] The storage and processing unit B comprises an oxygen storage tank 4, a solid-state hydrogen storage device 5 and a high-pressure hydrogen tank 6, and the oxygen storage tank 4 collects the oxygen generated by the water electrolysis hydrogen production device 1, the solid-state hydrogen storage device 5 collects the hydrogen generated by the water electrolysis hydrogen production device 1, and after being pressurized, it is input into the inside of the high-pressure hydrogen tank 6.

[0031] The power generation and heat recovery unit C includes a hydrogen fuel cell stack 7 and a high-temperature tail gas heat exchanger 8, and the hydrogen fuel cell stack 7 is subjected to an electrochemical reaction with oxygen from the oxygen storage tank 4 and hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen tank 6 after pressure reduction, and the high-temperature tail gas discharged from the hydrogen fuel cell stack 7 enters the high-temperature tail gas heat exchanger 8.

[0032] The thermal management loop unit D includes a high-temperature loop D1, a medium-temperature loop D2 and a low-temperature loop D3; the high-temperature loop D1 internally includes tail gas heat energy 9, and the tail gas heat energy 9 is the heat generated by the high-temperature tail gas heat exchanger 8 at 60° to 90°; The medium-temperature loop D2 includes a plate heat exchanger module 10 and a highland adaptive radiator 11, and the plate heat exchanger module 10 internally passes through a medium carrying the waste heat of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 7, and when the heat cannot be completely absorbed in the plate heat exchanger module 10 and the temperature approaches the upper limit, the highland adaptive radiator 11 is started to exchange heat with the external environment at the minimum power; The low-temperature loop D3 includes a pressure reducing valve 12 and a cold energy recovery unit 13, and the pressure reducing valve 12 receives high-pressure hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen tank 6 and reduces the pressure to generate low-temperature cold energy, which is recovered through the cold energy recovery unit 13.

[0033] The thermal management auxiliary system E includes a directional heat circulating pump 14, a heat storage water tank 15 and a phase change material preheating library 16, and the phase change material preheating library 16 is wrapped around the hydrogen fuel cell stack 7 and the pressure reducing valve 12 for heat preservation, and when cold starting, the directional heat circulating pump 14 starts to accurately and quickly pump the heat in the heat storage water tank 15 or the heat generated by electric heating to the hydrogen fuel cell stack 7 and the pressure reducing valve 12.

[0034] The intelligent control unit F includes a sensing network 17 and an intelligent controller 18, and the sensing network 17 can collect real-time data such as temperature, pressure, flow, altitude, external temperature and humidity; the intelligent controller 18 has a highland adaptive expert algorithm model built-in, which dynamically controls the start-stop and speed of all valves, pumps and fans according to the real-time power generation load, the user's heat / cold demand and the system's own state, intelligently decides the flow direction and priority of heat, and ensures that the system can maintain high efficiency and stable operation under any working condition.

[0035] The energy output and application unit G includes user power supply 19, condensate water recovery 20, air conditioning / cooling equipment 21, heating 22 and absorption refrigeration machine 23, and the user power supply 19 receives the power generated by the hydrogen fuel cell stack 7, the condensate water recovery 20 is used to recover the condensate water generated by the high-temperature tail gas heat exchanger 8, the air conditioning / cooling equipment 21 realizes cooling work by receiving cold energy from the absorption refrigeration machine 23 or the cold energy recovery unit 13; the heating 22 can directly use the heat generated by the tail gas heat energy 9.

[0036] The application relates to a heat management system for a hydrogen-oxygen heat and electricity quadruple supply system in high-cold and high-altitude areas. First, the input and production unit A is responsible for preparing the gas source. New energy electricity 3, such as photovoltaic and wind power, drives the hydrogen production device 1 to decompose pure water 2 to produce hydrogen and oxygen.

[0037] Subsequently, the storage and treatment unit B is responsible for the storage and pretreatment of the gas. The generated oxygen is transported to the oxygen storage tank 4 for storage; the hydrogen is adsorbed and stored by the solid hydrogen storage device 5, and is released and pressurized to fill the high-pressure hydrogen tank 6 for temporary storage when used. The high-pressure hydrogen needs to pass through the pressure reducing valve 12 for pressure reduction before entering the power generation unit.

[0038] The core power generation and primary energy recovery are completed in the power generation and heat recovery unit C. The oxygen from the oxygen storage tank 4 and the hydrogen after pressure reduction through the pressure reducing valve 12 are introduced into the hydrogen fuel cell stack 7 for electrochemical reaction to generate electric energy, reaction waste heat and high-temperature tail gas mainly in the form of water vapor. The high-temperature tail gas is immediately introduced into the high-temperature tail gas heat exchanger 8 for primary recovery of high-grade heat.

[0039] The core innovation of the system lies in the multi-temperature gradient energy coupling management of the heat management loop unit D. The unit is divided into three sub-loops: The high-temperature loop D1 is connected with the high-temperature tail gas heat exchanger 8, recovers the tail gas heat energy 9 of 60-90 DEG C and is preferentially used for providing desorption heat for the solid hydrogen storage device 5 or directly used for heating 22.

[0040] The medium-temperature loop D2 carries the waste heat of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 7 and transports it to the plate heat exchanger module 10. The module serves as a "heat distribution hub" and preferentially uses heat to drive the absorption refrigerator 23, heat the user 22 or store heat in the heat storage water tank 15. Only when the heat is surplus, the plateau self-adaptive radiator 11 is started to dissipate heat at minimum power, thereby fundamentally overcoming the plateau heat dissipation problem.

[0041] The low-temperature loop D3 innovatively uses the low-temperature cold energy generated at the pressure reducing valve 12 due to the Joule-Thomson effect, recovers the cold energy through the cold energy recovery unit 13 and directly uses the free cold energy to provide free cold energy for the air conditioner / cooling equipment 21, changing harm into treasure.

[0042] To ensure the reliability in the extremely cold environment, the heat management auxiliary system E provides key support. The phase change material preheating library 16 is wrapped around the key components such as the hydrogen fuel cell stack 7 and the pressure reducing valve 12, stores heat during system operation and releases latent heat for heat preservation after shutdown. During cold start, the directional heat circulating pump 14 starts to accurately and quickly transport the heat in the heat storage water tank 15 to the heat required parts, realizing fast and low-energy-consumption start.

[0043] The control structure of the whole system is the intelligent control unit F. The sensor network 17 collects real-time data of the whole system such as temperature, pressure, flow, altitude, etc., and transmits them to the intelligent controller 18. The intelligent controller 18 is built-in with a plateau adaptive expert algorithm, which dynamically controls the operation of all valves, pumps and fans, intelligently decides the heat flow direction, and ensures that the system can operate efficiently and stably under any working condition.

[0044] Finally, the energy output and utilization unit G realizes five combined supply output: Electricity: the electricity generated by the hydrogen fuel cell stack 7 is supplied to the user power supply 19.

[0045] Heat: the heat of the tail gas heat energy 9 or the plate heat exchange module 10 is used for heating 22.

[0046] Cold: the cold generated by the absorption refrigeration machine 23 or the free cold of the cold recovery unit 13 is supplied to the air conditioning / cooling equipment 21.

[0047] Water: the pure water condensed in the high-temperature tail gas heat exchanger 8 is recovered by the condensed water recovery device 20.

[0048] Oxygen: the oxygen in the oxygen storage tank 4 can be supplied externally.

[0049] In summary, through the precise design of the multi-temperature gradient heat management loop unit D, under the cooperation of the intelligent control unit F, all the energy generated in the system is recovered, distributed and recycled as needed, and finally output efficiently through the energy output and utilization unit G, which completely solves the application bottleneck in the high-cold and high-altitude environment.

[0050] Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that various modifications, substitutions, replacements and changes can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A thermal management system for a hydrogen-oxygen combined heat and power (CHP) system in high-altitude and cold regions, comprising an input and production unit (A), a storage and processing unit (B), a power generation and heat recovery unit (C), a thermal management loop unit (D), a thermal management auxiliary system (E), an intelligent control unit (F), and an energy output and utilization unit (G).

2. The thermal management system for a hydrogen-oxygen combined heat and power (CHP) system in high-altitude and cold regions as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The input and production unit (A) includes an electrolysis water hydrogen production device (1), pure water (2) and new energy power generation (3), and the pure water (2) and new energy power generation (3) are input into the electrolysis water hydrogen production device (1) to form hydrogen and oxygen.

3. The thermal management system for a hydrogen-oxygen combined heat and power (CHP) system in high-altitude and cold regions as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The storage and processing unit (B) includes an oxygen storage tank (4), a solid hydrogen storage device (5), and a high-pressure hydrogen tank (6). The oxygen storage tank (4) collects oxygen generated by the water electrolysis hydrogen production device (1), and the solid hydrogen storage device (5) collects hydrogen generated by the water electrolysis hydrogen production device (1) and inputs it into the high-pressure hydrogen tank (6) after pressurization.

4. The thermal management system for a hydrogen-oxygen combined heat and power (CHP) system in high-altitude and cold regions as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The power generation and heat recovery unit (C) includes a hydrogen fuel cell stack (7) and a high-temperature exhaust gas heat exchanger (8). The hydrogen fuel cell stack (7) is fed with oxygen from the oxygen storage tank (4) and hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen tank (6) after depressurization for electrochemical reaction. The high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from the hydrogen fuel cell stack (7) enters the high-temperature exhaust gas heat exchanger (8).

5. The thermal management system for a hydrogen-oxygen combined heat and power system in high-altitude and cold regions as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The thermal management loop unit (D) includes a high-temperature loop (D1), a medium-temperature loop (D2) and a low-temperature loop (D3); the high-temperature loop (D1) includes exhaust gas heat energy (9), and the exhaust gas heat energy (9) is heat of 60° to 90° generated by the high-temperature exhaust gas heat exchanger (8); The medium-temperature circuit (D2) includes a plate heat exchange module (10) and a high-altitude adaptive radiator (11). The plate heat exchange module (10) is filled with a medium that carries the waste heat of the hydrogen fuel cell stack (7). When the plate heat exchange module (10) cannot completely absorb the heat and the temperature is close to the upper limit, the high-altitude adaptive radiator (11) is activated to exchange heat with the external environment at the minimum power. The cryogenic circuit (D3) includes a pressure reducing valve (12) and a cold energy recovery unit (13). The pressure reducing valve (12) receives high-pressure hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen tank (6) and depressurizes it to generate cryogenic cold energy, which is then recovered by the cold energy recovery unit (13).

6. The thermal management system for a hydrogen-oxygen combined heat and power system in high-altitude and cold regions as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The thermal management auxiliary system (E) includes a directional heat circulation pump (14), a hot water storage tank (15), and a phase change material preheating chamber (16). The phase change material preheating chamber (16) is wrapped around the hydrogen fuel cell stack (7) and the pressure reducing valve (12) to keep them warm. During cold start, the directional heat circulation pump (14) starts and accurately and quickly pumps the heat in the hot water storage tank (15) or the heat generated by electric heating to the hydrogen fuel cell stack (7) and the pressure reducing valve (12).

7. The thermal management system for a hydrogen-oxygen combined heat and power system in high-altitude and cold regions as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent control unit (F) includes a sensor network (17) and an intelligent controller (18). The sensor network (17) can collect data such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, altitude, and external temperature and humidity in real time. The intelligent controller (18) has a built-in plateau adaptive expert algorithm model that dynamically controls the start, stop and speed of all valves, pumps and fans according to the real-time power generation load, the user's heat / cooling demand and the system's own status. It intelligently decides the direction and priority of heat flow to ensure that the system can maintain efficient and stable operation under any working conditions.

8. The thermal management system for a hydrogen-oxygen combined heat and power (CHP) system in high-altitude and cold regions as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The energy output and utilization unit (G) includes user power supply (19), condensate recovery (20), air conditioning / cooling equipment (21), heating (22) and absorption chiller (23). The user power supply (19) receives electricity generated by the hydrogen fuel cell stack (7). The condensate recovery (20) is used to recover the condensate generated by the high-temperature exhaust gas heat exchanger (8). The air conditioning / cooling equipment (21) achieves cooling by receiving cooling energy from the absorption chiller (23) or the cooling energy recovery unit (13). The heating (22) can directly use the heat generated by the exhaust gas heat energy (9).

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