Multi-level energy storage battery thermal management method and device based on phase change material coupling liquid cooling

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-level energy storage battery thermal management method and device based on phase-change material coupling liquid cooling, and relates to the technical field of energy storage battery thermal management, and the method comprises the following operation steps: S1, arranging a phase-change material interlayer at the level of an energy storage battery cell and in close fit with the surface of the cell, absorbing heat generated by the cell by using the phase-change characteristic of a phase-change material, and primary heat dissipation of the battery cell is carried out. According to the multi-level energy storage battery thermal management method and device based on phase change material coupling liquid cooling, efficient and accurate thermal management of an energy storage battery system is achieved by combining phase change materials, liquid cooling and air cooling, and a phase change material interlayer can effectively absorb heat generated by a battery cell to perform preliminary heat dissipation; a liquid cooling channel adopts a snakelike layout, the heat exchange efficiency is enhanced, the liquid cooling working medium flow is dynamically adjusted, and different heat dissipation requirements are met; the temperature of the battery is stabilized in a safe range; and meanwhile, the heat recovery function improves the energy utilization efficiency and reduces the energy consumption.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of energy storage battery thermal management, in particular to a multi-level energy storage battery thermal management method and device based on phase change material coupling liquid cooling. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of energy storage battery technology, its application in large-scale energy storage systems is becoming more and more widespread. However, a large amount of heat will be generated during the charging and discharging process of energy storage batteries, which will affect the performance, life and safety of the batteries if the heat cannot be effectively managed.

[0003] Existing energy storage battery thermal management technologies, such as simple air cooling or liquid cooling, have problems such as low heat dissipation efficiency, high energy consumption, and complex structure.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a multi-level energy storage battery thermal management method and device based on phase change material coupling liquid cooling to solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a multi-level energy storage battery thermal management method and device based on phase change material coupling liquid cooling to solve the problems of existing energy storage battery thermal management technologies, such as simple air cooling or liquid cooling, such as low heat dissipation efficiency, high energy consumption, and complex structure.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical solution: a multi-level energy storage battery thermal management method based on phase change material coupling liquid cooling, comprising the following operation steps:

[0007] S1, at the energy storage battery cell level, a phase change material interlayer is arranged closely on the surface of the cell to absorb the heat generated by the cell using the phase change characteristics of the phase change material, and the cell is preliminarily cooled;

[0008] S2, a liquid cooling channel is constructed, and the liquid cooling medium circulates in the channel to receive the heat transferred by the phase change material and carry it out;

[0009] S3, a wind cooling assembly is provided to blow cold air on the surface of the battery module to assist the liquid cooling system in cooling;

[0010] S4, the temperature information of each level is monitored in real time by a temperature sensor network, and based on a fuzzy control algorithm, the running parameters of the liquid cooling system and the wind cooling system are precisely controlled in combination with the battery charging and discharging state, the environmental temperature, and the phase change process factors of the phase change material, to realize accurate thermal management of the energy storage battery system.

[0011] Preferably, the phase change temperature range of the phase change material interlayer is adapted to the optimal working temperature range of the battery, and the thickness of the phase change material interlayer is optimized according to the heat generation power of the battery and the latent heat of the phase change material to ensure that the phase change material can effectively absorb the heat generated by the battery core under different working conditions.

[0012] Preferably, the liquid cooling channel adopts a serpentine layout to increase the heat exchange area with the phase change material interlayer and to strengthen the heat exchange efficiency; and a dynamic flow adjustment mechanism is arranged in the liquid cooling channel to adjust the flow of the liquid cooling medium in real time according to the total heat load of the battery pack, so as to balance the heat dissipation effect and energy consumption.

[0013] Preferably, the fuzzy control algorithm pre-sets a fuzzy rule base under different charging and discharging states and environmental temperature conditions of the battery, and when the temperature change trend or the charging and discharging state is monitored, the corresponding target liquid cooling flow, pump speed and fan speed and other parameters are calculated according to the fuzzy rules, to drive the actuator to quickly adjust the operating state of the liquid cooling system and the air cooling system.

[0014] Preferably, the waste heat discharged by the liquid cooling system is recovered through a heat exchanger, to preheat the working environment of the battery system under low temperature environment or to provide heat energy for other auxiliary equipment, so as to improve the energy utilization efficiency of the entire energy storage system; at the same time, under low temperature environment, the operation of the air cooling heat dissipation assembly can be adjusted according to the recovered waste heat and the battery temperature demand.

[0015] Preferably, the phase change material interlayer is closely attached to the surface of the energy storage battery core.

[0016] The application also discloses a multi-level energy storage battery thermal management device based on phase change material coupled liquid cooling, which applies the multi-level energy storage battery thermal management method based on phase change material coupled liquid cooling, and further comprises a shell, a battery module is arranged in the shell, an air inlet cylinder is fixedly connected to one end of the shell, a connecting groove is formed in the side wall of the shell, the air inlet cylinder is communicated with the inside of the shell through the connecting groove, a disc is fixedly connected to the inside of the air inlet cylinder, a filter groove is formed in the disc, a filter screen is fixedly connected to one end of the filter groove close to the shell, a stacking chamber is formed between the filter screen and the inner wall of the filter groove, a circular box is rotatably connected to the end of the air inlet cylinder away from the shell, and the circular box is attached to the disc; a through groove corresponding to the filter groove is arranged on the circular box, the shape and size of the filter groove and the through groove are consistent, a suction pipe is communicated with the circular box, and an electromagnetic valve is mounted on the suction pipe.

[0017] Preferably, a plurality of filter grooves are uniformly distributed around the axis of the disc.

[0018] Preferably, the outside of the air inlet cylinder is provided with a driving assembly for driving the circular box to rotate, the driving assembly comprises a first gear, a motor and a second gear, the first gear is fixedly connected to the circular box, the motor is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the air inlet cylinder, the second gear is fixedly connected to the driving shaft of the motor, and the first gear is in meshing connection with the second gear.

[0019] Preferably, the inside of the air inlet cylinder is provided with a fan, the fan is located on the side of the disc close to the shell, the inside of the shell is provided with a cover plate for plugging the connecting groove, the inner wall of the shell is fixedly connected with an electric push rod, the cover plate is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the electric push rod, and the end of the shell away from the air inlet cylinder is provided with an exhaust groove, and the inside of the exhaust groove is provided with an exhaust net.

[0020] The technical effects and advantages of the present application are as follows:

[0021] 1. The present application combines phase change material, liquid cooling and air cooling to achieve efficient and accurate thermal management of the energy storage battery system. The phase change material interlayer can effectively absorb the heat generated by the battery cell and perform preliminary heat dissipation. The liquid cooling channel adopts a serpentine layout to enhance heat exchange efficiency and dynamically adjust the liquid cooling medium flow to adapt to different heat dissipation needs. The air cooling heat dissipation assembly assists the liquid cooling system in heat dissipation, and the operation parameters of the liquid cooling and air cooling systems are accurately controlled through a fuzzy control algorithm to ensure that the battery temperature is stable within a safe range. At the same time, the heat recovery function improves energy utilization efficiency and reduces energy consumption.

[0022] 2. The present application flexibly adjusts the air intake through the structures of the disc, the circular box and the accumulation chamber, and collects and sucks the impurities for treatment, thereby ensuring the efficiency of air cooling heat dissipation.

[0023] 3. The accumulation chamber is provided to allow the rotation of the circular box to have no effect on the impurities when the impurities are attached and accumulated, thereby facilitating subsequent treatment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 The present application is based on a multi-level energy storage battery thermal management method flowchart of phase change material coupled with liquid cooling.

[0025] Figure 2 The present application is a shell and battery module structure schematic diagram.

[0026] Figure 3 The present application is Figure 2 The present application is an enlarged schematic view of structure A.

[0027] Figure 4 The present application is a connecting groove and cover plate structure schematic diagram.

[0028] Figure 5 The present application is Figure 4Structure schematic view of the middle B.

[0029] Figure 6 Schematic view of the round box and the through groove structure of the application.

[0030] Figure 7 Schematic view of the filter groove and the filter screen structure of the application.

[0031] In the figure: 1, shell; 2, battery module; 3, exhaust groove; 4, exhaust screen; 5, air inlet cylinder; 6, disc; 7, filter groove; 8, filter screen; 9, round box; 10, through groove; 11, first gear; 12, motor; 13, second gear; 14, suction pipe; 15, electromagnetic valve; 16, accumulation chamber; 17, fan; 18, connecting groove; 19, cover plate; 20, electric push rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The application provides a multi-level energy storage battery thermal management method based on phase change material coupling liquid cooling, as shown in the formula (I). Figures 1-7 The method comprises the following operation steps:

[0033] S1, at the energy storage battery cell level, a phase change material interlayer is arranged in close contact with the surface of the cell, the phase change characteristics of the phase change material are used to absorb the heat generated by the cell, and the preliminary heat dissipation of the cell is performed;

[0034] The phase change material interlayer is in close contact with the surface of the energy storage battery cell.

[0035] S2, a liquid cooling channel is constructed, a liquid cooling working medium circulates in the channel, receives the heat transferred by the phase change material, and carries out the heat;

[0036] S3, a wind cooling heat dissipation assembly is arranged, the surface of the battery module is blown by cold air, and the liquid cooling system is assisted to dissipate heat;

[0037] S4, temperature sensor networks are used to monitor the temperature information of each level in real time, and based on a fuzzy control algorithm, the battery charging and discharging state, the environmental temperature and the phase change process factors of the phase change material are comprehensively considered, the operating parameters of the liquid cooling system and the wind cooling system are accurately controlled, and accurate thermal management of the energy storage battery system is realized.

[0038] The phase change temperature range of the phase change material interlayer is matched with the optimal working temperature range of the battery, and the thickness of the phase change material interlayer is optimized and designed according to the heat generation power of the battery and the latent heat of the phase change material, so as to ensure that the phase change material can effectively absorb the heat generated by the cell under different working conditions.

[0039] The phase change material absorbs heat generated by the battery cell, and changes from solid to liquid or from one stable phase to another stable phase, absorbing a large amount of heat during the phase change process, thereby achieving preliminary heat dissipation of the battery cell. The phase change material has high phase change latent heat and can absorb a large amount of heat within a small temperature change range, effectively buffering the heat generation peak of the battery cell and preventing the battery cell from overheating.

[0040] The packaging structure of the phase change material sandwich layer adopts a multi-layer composite material. The outer layer is a metal foil or a polymer composite film with high strength and high thermal conductivity, ensuring good thermal conductivity and mechanical strength. The inner layer is a phase change material, which is selected from materials such as paraffin, fatty acid, or salt hydrate, which have suitable phase change temperatures and high phase change latent heat. To prevent leakage of the phase change material, the packaging structure is treated by special methods such as heat sealing and ultrasonic welding to ensure sealing. At the same time, a support skeleton is arranged inside the sandwich layer, which is made of high-thermal-conductivity and high-strength materials in a grid or corrugated structure, which not only maintains the shape of the phase change material but also enhances the structural stability, ensuring that the phase change material does not deform significantly during the phase change process, thereby stably playing its role in heat dissipation.

[0041] The liquid cooling channel adopts a serpentine layout to increase the heat exchange area with the phase change material sandwich layer and to strengthen the heat exchange efficiency. A dynamic flow adjustment mechanism is provided in the liquid cooling channel to adjust the flow of the liquid cooling medium in real time according to the total heat load of the battery pack, ensuring the balance between heat dissipation effect and energy consumption.

[0042] The serpentine layout design of the liquid cooling channel increases the contact area between the liquid cooling medium and the phase change material sandwich layer and prolongs the heat exchange path, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency. The width, height, and spacing of the liquid cooling channel are optimized to adapt to different specifications and capacities of energy storage battery modules. A filter device and a flow sensor are provided at the inlet and outlet of the liquid cooling channel. The filter device is used to prevent impurities from entering the liquid cooling channel and blocking the pipeline. The flow sensor is used to monitor the flow of the liquid cooling medium in real time and provide data support for dynamic flow adjustment.

[0043] The core of the dynamic flow adjustment mechanism is an intelligent adjustment valve connected to a controller. According to the heat load of the battery pack and the feedback signal of the temperature sensor, the flow of the liquid cooling medium is adjusted in real time. When the heat load of the battery pack increases, the controller drives the intelligent adjustment valve to increase the flow of the liquid cooling medium to improve the heat dissipation capacity. When the heat load decreases, the controller drives the intelligent adjustment valve to reduce the flow of the liquid cooling medium to save energy. The liquid cooling medium is selected from liquids with high specific heat capacity and low viscosity, such as deionized water, ethylene glycol solution, or fluorocarbon compounds, to improve heat exchange efficiency and fluidity.

[0044] The fuzzy control algorithm pre-sets the fuzzy rule base under different battery charging and discharging states and environmental temperature conditions. When the temperature change trend or the charging and discharging state is monitored, the corresponding target liquid cooling flow, pump speed, and fan speed and other parameters are calculated according to the fuzzy rules, and the execution mechanism is driven to quickly adjust the operating state of the liquid cooling system and the air cooling system.

[0045] The temperature sensor network monitors the temperature information of each level in real time, and based on the fuzzy control algorithm, the battery charging and discharging state, environmental temperature, and phase change material phase change process are comprehensively considered to accurately control the operating parameters of the liquid cooling system and the air cooling system, achieving accurate thermal management of the energy storage battery system.

[0046] The temperature sensor network is composed of multiple high-precision and fast-response temperature sensors, which are arranged at key positions such as the surface of the battery cell, the phase change material interlayer, the inlet and outlet of the liquid cooling channel, the surface of the battery module, and the air cooling heat dissipation component, to comprehensively and accurately collect temperature data. These temperature sensors transmit the real-time monitored temperature signals to the controller, providing a basis for the control decision of the thermal management system.

[0047] The fuzzy control algorithm pre-sets the fuzzy rule base under different battery charging and discharging states and environmental temperature conditions. The fuzzy rule base is established based on a large amount of experimental data and expert experience, covering the temperature change law and heat dissipation demand of the battery under different working conditions. When the temperature change trend or the charging and discharging state is monitored, the controller calculates the corresponding target liquid cooling flow, pump speed, and fan speed and other parameters according to the fuzzy rules, and drives the execution mechanism to quickly adjust the operating state of the liquid cooling system and the air cooling system.

[0048] For example, when the battery is high-rate discharged, the temperature sensor detects that the battery cell temperature rises rapidly, and the controller determines that the current thermal load is large according to the fuzzy rules, and needs to strengthen heat dissipation. The controller immediately issues an instruction to drive the liquid cooling circulating pump to increase the liquid cooling medium flow, and at the same time, increase the fan speed of the air cooling heat dissipation component to enhance the heat dissipation capacity, ensuring that the battery temperature is stable within the safe range. When the battery is low-rate charged, the temperature rises slowly, and the controller reduces the liquid cooling medium flow and fan speed according to the fuzzy rules to save energy.

[0049] The waste heat discharged by the liquid cooling system is recycled through a heat exchanger to preheat the working environment of the battery system in a low-temperature environment or provide heat energy for other auxiliary equipment, improving the energy utilization efficiency of the entire energy storage system. At the same time, in a low-temperature environment, the operation of the air cooling heat dissipation component can be adjusted according to the recycled waste heat and the battery temperature demand.

[0050] The heat exchanger adopts a high-efficiency plate type or shell-and-tube type structure, and the waste heat discharged by the liquid cooling system is exchanged with low-temperature medium (such as air, water or other working medium) in the heat exchanger to transfer heat to the low-temperature medium. The recovered heat can be used to preheat the working environment of the battery system in a low-temperature environment, such as blowing hot air into the inside of the battery module through a hot air circulation system to increase the initial working temperature of the battery and improve the performance of the battery in a low-temperature environment. In addition, the recovered heat can also provide heat energy for other auxiliary equipment (such as air conditioners, heaters, etc.) of the energy storage system to realize comprehensive utilization of energy.

[0051] In a low-temperature environment, the operation of the air-cooled heat dissipation assembly can be intelligently adjusted according to the recovered waste heat and the battery temperature demand. When the recovered waste heat is sufficient and the battery temperature is high, the air-cooled heat dissipation assembly can appropriately reduce the rotating speed or suspend work to reduce heat dissipation; when the recovered waste heat is insufficient and the battery temperature is low, the air-cooled heat dissipation assembly can increase the rotating speed to enhance heat dissipation and prevent the battery temperature from being too high. In this way, the thermal management system realizes efficient heat dissipation while maximizing the recovery and utilization of waste heat, thereby improving the energy utilization efficiency of the entire energy storage system.

[0052] The present application realizes efficient and accurate thermal management of the energy storage battery system by combining phase change material, liquid cooling and air cooling. The phase change material interlayer can effectively absorb the heat generated by the battery cell and perform preliminary heat dissipation. The liquid cooling channel adopts a serpentine layout to strengthen the heat exchange efficiency and dynamically adjust the liquid cooling medium flow to adapt to different heat dissipation requirements. The air-cooled heat dissipation assembly assists the liquid cooling system in heat dissipation, and the operation parameters of the liquid cooling and air cooling systems are accurately controlled through a fuzzy control algorithm to ensure that the battery temperature is stable within a safe range. At the same time, the heat recovery function improves the energy utilization efficiency and reduces energy consumption.

[0053] The present application also discloses a multi-level energy storage battery thermal management device based on phase change material coupled with liquid cooling. The above-mentioned multi-level energy storage battery thermal management method based on phase change material coupled with liquid cooling further comprises a shell 1, the inside of the shell 1 is provided with a battery module 2, one end of the shell 1 is fixedly connected with an air inlet cylinder 5, a connecting groove 18 is formed in the side wall of the shell 1, and the air inlet cylinder 5 communicates with the inside of the shell 1 through the connecting groove 18. An air outlet groove 3 is formed at the end of the shell 1 away from the air inlet cylinder 5, and an air outlet net 4 is installed in the air outlet groove 3.

[0054] A fan 17 is installed in the air inlet cylinder 5.

[0055] When the fan 17 is powered on and works, external gas enters the inside of the shell 1 from the air inlet cylinder 5 and the connecting groove 18, flows in the inside of the shell 1 and is discharged at the air outlet groove 3, thereby taking away the heat on the battery module 2 through gas flow to realize air cooling and heat dissipation.

[0056] The air outlet net 4 is arranged to prevent impurities from directly entering the inside of the shell 1 from the air outlet groove 3.

[0057] In order to prevent impurities from entering the inside of the shell 1 and regulate the air inlet volume, a disc 6 is fixedly connected in the inside of the air inlet cylinder 5, the fan 17 is located on the side of the disc 6 close to the shell 1, a plurality of filter grooves 7 are formed in the disc 6, the plurality of filter grooves 7 are uniformly distributed around the axis of the disc 6, a filter screen 8 is fixedly connected to one end of the filter groove 7 close to the shell 1, and the filter screen 8 and the inner wall of the filter groove 7 form an accumulation chamber 16 for accumulating impurities.

[0058] In actual use, external gas enters the inside of the shell 1 through the air inlet cylinder 5 and the connecting groove 18, and the filter screen 8 filters the dust and other impurities in the external gas and accumulates the impurities in the accumulation chamber 16.

[0059] The end of the air inlet cylinder 5 away from the shell 1 is rotatably connected with a circular box 9, the circular box 9 is attached to the disc 6, the circular box 9 is provided with a through groove 10 corresponding to the filter groove 7, and the shape and size of the filter groove 7 and the through groove 10 are consistent. When the through groove 10 completely coincides with the filter groove 7, the air inlet volume is the largest, which is suitable for when the heat in the inside of the shell 1 is high; when the through groove 10 does not completely coincide with the filter groove 7, the circular box 9 partially shields the filter groove 7, at this time, the air inlet volume becomes smaller, which is suitable for when the heat in the inside of the shell 1 is low; and the greater the shielding area of the circular box 9 to the filter groove 7, the smaller the air inlet volume.

[0060] At the same time, the accumulation chamber 16 is arranged, so that when the impurities are attached and accumulated, the rotation of the circular box 9 will not affect the impurities, and subsequent processing is facilitated.

[0061] In actual use, a position sensor can be arranged in the accumulation chamber 16 to monitor the thickness of the accumulated impurities, so that the operator can clean in time.

[0062] The outside of the air inlet cylinder 5 is provided with a driving assembly for driving the circular box 9 to rotate, the driving assembly comprises a first gear 11, a motor 12 and a second gear 13, the first gear 11 is fixedly connected to the circular box 9, the motor 12 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the air inlet cylinder 5, the second gear 13 is fixedly connected to the driving shaft of the motor 12, and the first gear 11 is meshingly connected with the second gear 13.

[0063] Specifically, the motor 12 drives the second gear 13 to rotate, and since the first gear 11 is meshingly connected with the second gear 13, the first gear 11 drives the circular box 9 to rotate.

[0064] The circular box 9 is communicated with a suction pipe 14, the suction pipe 14 is provided with an electromagnetic valve 15, and the suction pipe 14 is movably connected with the gas suction pipeline of the factory.

[0065] The inside of the shell 1 is provided with a cover plate 19 for plugging the connecting groove 18, and the inner wall of the shell 1 is fixedly connected with an electric push rod 20, and the cover plate 19 is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the electric push rod 20.

[0066] When the impurities accumulated in the accumulation chamber 16 are more, the telescopic end of the electric push rod 20 is controlled to extend, so that the cover plate 19 plugs the connecting groove 18; then the motor 12 is started, the motor 12 drives the second gear 13 to rotate, because the first gear 11 is meshed and connected with the second gear 13, the first gear 11 drives the circular box 9 to rotate, so that the circular box 9 completely covers the accumulation chamber 16, that is, the through groove 10 is completely staggered with the corresponding filter groove 7.

[0067] Then, the suction pipe 14 is connected with the gas suction pipeline of the factory, the electromagnetic valve 15 is opened, the impurities accumulated in the inside of the accumulation chamber 16 are sucked and treated by the suction pipe 14 and the circular box 9, and the cover plate 19 plugs the connecting groove 18, so that the instantaneous suction efficiency can be ensured.

[0068] The present application flexibly adjusts and controls the air inlet amount by setting the disc 6, the circular box 9 and the accumulation chamber 16, and collects and sucks the impurities, so that the efficiency of air cooling and heat dissipation is ensured.

Claims

1. A thermal management method for multi-level energy storage batteries based on phase change material coupled liquid cooling, characterized in that: The following steps are included: S1. At the energy storage battery cell level, a phase change material interlayer is arranged closely to the cell surface. The phase change characteristics of the phase change material are used to absorb the heat generated by the cell and perform initial heat dissipation of the cell. S2. Construct a liquid cooling channel, in which the liquid cooling working fluid circulates, receiving heat transferred through the phase change material and carrying the heat out. S3. Install air-cooled heat dissipation components to assist the liquid cooling system in heat dissipation by blowing cold air onto the surface of the battery module. S4. By monitoring temperature information at each level in real time through a temperature sensor network, and based on a fuzzy control algorithm, taking into account factors such as battery charging and discharging status, ambient temperature, and phase change process of phase change material, the operating parameters of the liquid cooling system and air cooling system are precisely controlled to achieve precise thermal management of the energy storage battery system.

2. The thermal management method for multi-level energy storage batteries based on phase change material coupled liquid cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase change temperature range of the phase change material interlayer is adapted to the optimal operating temperature range of the battery, and the thickness of the phase change material interlayer is optimized according to the heat generation power of the battery and the latent heat of phase change of the phase change material to ensure that the phase change material can effectively absorb the heat generated by the battery cell under different operating conditions.

3. The thermal management method for multi-level energy storage batteries based on phase change material coupled liquid cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid cooling channel adopts a serpentine layout to increase the heat exchange area with the phase change material interlayer and enhance the heat exchange efficiency. In addition, the liquid cooling channel is equipped with a dynamic flow regulation mechanism to adjust the flow rate of the liquid cooling medium in real time according to the total heat load of the battery pack, so as to ensure the balance between heat dissipation effect and energy consumption.

4. The thermal management method for multi-level energy storage batteries based on phase change material coupled liquid cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuzzy control algorithm pre-sets a fuzzy rule library for different battery charging and discharging states and ambient temperature conditions. When a temperature change trend or a change in the charging and discharging state is detected, the corresponding target liquid cooling flow rate, pump speed and fan speed are calculated according to the fuzzy rules, and the actuator is driven to quickly adjust the operating state of the liquid cooling system and the air cooling system.

5. The thermal management method for multi-level energy storage batteries based on phase change material coupled liquid cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: Waste heat discharged from the liquid cooling system is recovered through a heat exchanger to preheat the working environment of the battery system in low-temperature environments or to provide heat energy for other auxiliary equipment, thereby improving the energy utilization efficiency of the entire energy storage system. At the same time, in low-temperature environments, the operation of the air-cooled heat dissipation components can be adjusted according to the recovered waste heat and the battery temperature requirements.

6. The thermal management method for multi-level energy storage batteries based on phase change material coupled liquid cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase change material interlayer is tightly bonded to the surface of the energy storage battery cell.

7. A multi-level energy storage battery thermal management device based on phase change material coupled liquid cooling, characterized in that: The application of the multi-level energy storage battery thermal management method based on phase change material coupled liquid cooling as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 further includes a housing (1), wherein a battery module (2) is disposed inside the housing (1), an air inlet cylinder (5) is fixedly connected to one end of the housing (1), a connecting groove (18) is provided on the side wall of the housing (1), the air inlet cylinder (5) communicates with the interior of the housing (1) through the connecting groove (18), a disc (6) is fixedly connected inside the air inlet cylinder (5), and a filter groove (7) is provided on the disc (6). (7) A filter screen (8) is fixedly connected to one end near the shell (1). An accumulation chamber (16) is formed between the filter screen (8) and the inner wall of the filter tank (7). A round box (9) is rotatably connected to one end of the air inlet cylinder (5) away from the shell (1). The round box (9) is attached to the disc (6). A through groove (10) corresponding to the filter tank (7) is provided on the round box (9). The filter tank (7) and the through groove (10) have the same shape and size. A suction tube (14) is connected to the round box (9). A solenoid valve (15) is installed on the suction tube (14).

8. The multi-level energy storage battery thermal management device based on phase change material coupled liquid cooling according to claim 7, characterized in that: The filter tank (7) is provided in multiple ways, and the multiple filter tanks (7) are evenly distributed around the axis of the disk (6).

9. The multi-level energy storage battery thermal management device based on phase change material coupled liquid cooling according to claim 7, characterized in that: The air intake cylinder (5) is provided with a drive assembly that drives the circular box (9) to rotate. The drive assembly includes a first gear (11), a motor (12), and a second gear (13). The first gear (11) is fixedly connected to the circular box (9). The motor (12) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the air intake cylinder (5). The second gear (13) is fixedly connected to the drive shaft of the motor (12). The first gear (11) and the second gear (13) are meshed together.

10. The multi-level energy storage battery thermal management device based on phase change material coupled liquid cooling according to claim 7, characterized in that: A fan (17) is installed inside the air intake cylinder (5). The fan (17) is located on the side of the disc (6) close to the housing (1). A cover plate (19) for sealing the connecting groove (18) is provided inside the housing (1). An electric push rod (20) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing (1). The cover plate (19) is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the electric push rod (20). An exhaust groove (3) is opened at the end of the housing (1) away from the air intake cylinder (5). An exhaust screen (4) is installed inside the exhaust groove (3).

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