Multi-mode trigger-based ultra-low power single-chip microcomputer power supply circuit and electric device

Abstract

The application relates to a multi-mode trigger-based ultra-low-power single-chip microcomputer power supply circuit and a power consumption equipment, which comprises an upper computer trigger channel, a button trigger channel, a charging trigger channel, an LDO step-down circuit and an MCU unit; the LDO step-down circuit provides a voltage for the MCU unit when powered on; the upper computer trigger channel is turned on by an upper computer, the button trigger channel is turned on by a button, and the charging trigger channel is turned on by a charger; when any of the upper computer trigger channel, the button trigger channel and the charging trigger channel is triggered and turned on, the LDO step-down circuit is powered on; the scheme has the advantages of physical level zero standby power consumption, stable and reliable power supply, flexible and complementary trigger mode, significant improvement of endurance and high reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of technology, and more specifically, to an ultra-low power microcontroller power supply circuit and electrical equipment based on multi-mode triggering. Background Technology

[0002] Microcontrollers (MCUs) are widely used in portable electronic devices, Internet of Things (IoT) nodes, sensors, and other applications. These devices are typically battery-powered, making power consumption a key factor determining their battery life. To reduce power consumption, modern MCUs generally support various low-power modes, such as sleep mode (…). ), shutdown mode ( ) and standby mode ( In standby mode, the microcontroller core stops working, and only some wake-up sources (such as RTC and external interrupts) remain active, reducing power consumption to the microamp (μA) level.

[0003] However, even in standby mode, the microcontroller still consumes static current. For applications requiring long standby times (such as months or even years), this microamp-level standby current can still significantly deplete battery power. For example, a 200mAh battery with a standby current of 10μA has a theoretical standby time of approximately 200mAh / 10μA ≈ 2.3 years. However, in practical applications, leakage current in peripheral circuits and static power consumption of the power management chip can increase the total standby current to tens or even hundreds of microamps, resulting in a shortened actual standby time of several months or weeks, making it difficult to meet the requirements for ultra-long standby.

[0004] Therefore, the industry urgently needs a solution that can achieve near-zero power consumption standby, fundamentally eliminating current consumption during standby. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an ultra-low power microcontroller power supply circuit based on multi-mode triggering, and also to provide an electrical device, in view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0007] Construct an ultra-low power microcontroller power supply circuit based on multi-mode triggering, which includes a host computer triggering path, a button triggering path, a charging triggering path, an LDO step-down circuit, and an MCU unit;

[0008] The LDO step-down circuit is connected to the MCU unit, and the LDO step-down circuit provides voltage to power the MCU unit when it is powered on;

[0009] The host computer triggering path is controlled and activated by the host computer, the button triggering path is activated by the button, and the charging triggering path is activated by the charger.

[0010] When any one of the host computer trigger path, the button trigger path, and the charging trigger path is triggered and turned on, the LDO step-down circuit is powered on.

[0011] The ultra-low power microcontroller power supply circuit based on multi-mode triggering described in this invention further includes a power supply.

[0012] Both the host computer trigger path and the button trigger path are used to control the connection between the power supply and the LDO step-down circuit.

[0013] The ultra-low power microcontroller power supply circuit based on multi-mode triggering described in this invention includes a host computer triggering path comprising a resistor voltage divider circuit, a first NMOS transistor, and a second NMOS transistor.

[0014] The first NMOS transistor is used to control the switching of the power supply and the LDO buck circuit;

[0015] The second NMOS transistor is controlled by the host computer and is used to control the on / off state of the first NMOS transistor;

[0016] The resistor divider circuit is used to divide the voltage for the second NMOS transistor.

[0017] The ultra-low power microcontroller power supply circuit based on multi-mode triggering described in this invention includes a resistor divider circuit comprising a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, and a fourth resistor; the gate (G) of a second NMOS transistor is connected to the first resistor and the second resistor, the other end of the first resistor is connected to a host computer, and the other end of the second resistor is grounded; the source (S) of the second NMOS transistor is grounded, and the drain (D) of the second NMOS transistor is connected to the fourth resistor; the other end of the fourth resistor is connected to the third resistor and the gate (G) of the first NMOS transistor, the other end of the third resistor is connected to a power supply and the drain (D) of the first NMOS transistor, and the source (S) of the first NMOS transistor is connected to the input terminal of the LDO buck converter circuit.

[0018] The ultra-low power microcontroller power supply circuit based on multi-mode triggering described in this invention includes a button triggering path comprising a control button and a first diode.

[0019] One end of the control button is connected to the power supply, and the other end is connected to the positive terminal of the first diode; the negative terminal of the first diode is connected to the input terminal of the LDO step-down circuit.

[0020] The ultra-low power microcontroller power supply circuit based on multi-mode triggering described in this invention includes a control button that is either a tactile button or a latch button.

[0021] The ultra-low power microcontroller power supply circuit based on multi-mode triggering described in this invention includes a charging triggering path comprising a charging interface and a second diode.

[0022] The charging interface is connected to the positive terminal of the second diode, and the negative terminal of the second diode is connected to the input terminal of the LDO step-down circuit.

[0023] The ultra-low power microcontroller power supply circuit based on multi-mode triggering described in this invention includes an LDO buck circuit comprising an LDO buck chip. The VIN pin of the LDO buck chip is connected to the host computer trigger path, the button trigger path, and the charging trigger path, and the VOUT pin of the LDO buck chip is connected to the MCU unit. The VIN pin of the LDO buck chip is the input terminal of the LDO buck circuit.

[0024] The ultra-low power microcontroller power supply circuit based on multi-mode triggering described in this invention includes an LDO step-down chip whose VIN pin is connected to a first capacitor and a fifth resistor. The other end of the first capacitor is grounded, and the other end of the fifth resistor is connected to the CE pin of the LDO step-down chip. The LDO step-down chip's VOUT pin is connected to a second capacitor, and the other end of the second capacitor is grounded.

[0025] An electrical device, wherein the electrical device is provided with an ultra-low power microcontroller power supply circuit based on multi-mode triggering as described above.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0027] 1. Physical-level zero-power standby: By cutting off the input power of the LDO, the MCU and all peripheral circuits are completely powered off during standby, requiring no standby current. The current consumption is only the self-discharge of the battery itself.

[0028] 2. Stable and reliable power supply: The power supply is turned on first, and then the LDO provides a clean and stable voltage to the MCU, avoiding voltage spikes and reset problems that may be caused by directly switching the MCU power supply.

[0029] 3. Flexible and complementary triggering methods: The three triggering mechanisms cover all application scenarios and are independent of each other, ensuring high reliability.

[0030] 4. Significantly improves battery life: It fundamentally eliminates static power consumption, extending battery standby time to several years or more.

[0031] 5. High reliability: The circuit is implemented in pure hardware and does not rely on the software low-power mode of the microcontroller, avoiding the risk of software failure or configuration errors that prevent the circuit from entering the low-power mode, thus ensuring high stability. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort:

[0033] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the ultra-low power microcontroller power supply circuit based on multi-mode triggering, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of an ultra-low power microcontroller power supply circuit based on multi-mode triggering, which is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, a clear and complete description will be provided below in conjunction with the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0036] The preferred embodiment of the present invention is an ultra-low power microcontroller power supply circuit based on multi-mode triggering, such as... Figure 1 As shown, see also Figure 2 It includes host computer trigger path 1, button trigger path 2, charging trigger path 3, LDO step-down circuit 4, and MCU unit 5;

[0037] The LDO step-down circuit 4 is connected to the MCU unit 5. When powered on, the LDO step-down circuit 4 provides voltage to power the MCU unit 5.

[0038] The host computer triggering path 1 is controlled and activated by the host computer, the button triggering path 2 is activated by the button, and the charging triggering path 3 is activated by the charger.

[0039] When any one of the host computer trigger path 1, button trigger path 2, and charging trigger path 3 is triggered and turned on, the LDO step-down circuit is powered on.

[0040] 1. Physical-level zero-power standby: By cutting off the input power of the LDO, the MCU and all peripheral circuits are completely powered off during standby, requiring no standby current. The current consumption is only the self-discharge of the battery itself.

[0041] 2. Stable and reliable power supply: The power supply is turned on first, and then the LDO provides a clean and stable voltage to the MCU, avoiding voltage spikes and reset problems that may be caused by directly switching the MCU power supply.

[0042] 3. Flexible and complementary triggering methods: The three triggering mechanisms cover all application scenarios and are independent of each other, ensuring high reliability.

[0043] 4. Significantly improves battery life: It fundamentally eliminates static power consumption, extending battery standby time to several years or more.

[0044] 5. High reliability: The circuit is implemented in pure hardware and does not rely on the software low-power mode of the microcontroller, avoiding the risk of software failure or configuration errors that prevent the circuit from entering the low-power mode, thus ensuring high stability.

[0045] This invention discloses an ultra-low power supply system for microcontrollers based on multi-mode triggering, which aims to completely solve the power consumption problem of microcontrollers in standby mode.

[0046] The system includes a battery, an LDO step-down chip, and a power supply control circuit consisting of three independent hardware trigger paths. The three paths are: a host computer control signal trigger path, a manual button trigger path, and a VBUS charging signal trigger path.

[0047] The core of this system is that these three paths work together in an OR logic relationship to determine the power supply circuit of the microcontroller. The battery voltage or charging voltage will only be supplied to the input of the LDO when it is triggered, and the LDO will then output a stable 3.3V to power the microcontroller.

[0048] If any trigger condition disappears and other trigger conditions are not met, the system will automatically cut off the input power supply to the LDO, completely powering off the microcontroller and its peripheral circuits, achieving a "physical-level" shutdown with the standby current approaching zero.

[0049] This invention replaces the software standby mode with a purely hardware approach, which can extend battery standby time from several months to several years or more.

[0050] The specific circuit can be the circuit described below, or it can be further modified based on it. Replacement schemes obtained by changing conventional circuit elements are also within the scope of protection of this application.

[0051] The host computer trigger path 1 includes a resistor divider circuit, a first NMOS transistor, and a second NMOS transistor. The resistor divider circuit includes a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, and a fourth resistor R4. The gate (G) of the second NMOS transistor Q2 is connected to the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2. The other end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the host computer, and the other end of the second resistor R2 is grounded. The source (S) of the second NMOS transistor Q2 is grounded, and the drain (D) of the second NMOS transistor Q2 is connected to the fourth resistor R4. The other end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the third resistor R3 and the gate (G) of the first NMOS transistor Q1. The other end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the power supply VBAT (the power supply can be a battery, etc.) and the drain (D) of the first NMOS transistor Q1. The source (S) of the first NMOS transistor Q1 is connected to the input terminal of the LDO step-down circuit 4.

[0052] See Figure 2 It is controlled by the host computer via a signal line (CTRL_3.3V). When the host computer needs to communicate with the device, it outputs a high level. The high level turns on the NMOS transistor (Q2) in the path through the resistor divider circuit, pulling the gate of Q1 low, and Q1 turns on.

[0053] The button triggering path 2 includes a control button SW1 and a first diode D1; one end of the control button SW1 is connected to the power supply VBAT, and the other end is connected to the positive terminal of the first diode D1; the negative terminal of the first diode D1 is connected to the input terminal of the LDO step-down circuit 4.

[0054] See Figure 2 Pressing SW1 directly connects the battery voltage and the LDO chip's input voltage. The SW1 button offers two options to suit different application scenarios: the first is a touch button, which conducts when pressed and disconnects when released, displaying the current battery level in conjunction with the microcontroller program and LED power display circuit; the second is a latch button, which latches the power supply state to achieve a "touch-to-power-on" function. The switching diode D1 is designed to prevent reverse current flow.

[0055] The charging trigger path 3 includes a charging interface VBUS and a second diode D2; the positive terminals of the charging interface and the second diode D2 are connected, and the negative terminal of the second diode D2 is connected to the input terminal of the LDO step-down circuit 4.

[0056] See Figure 2 When the charger is plugged in and VBUS is powered, the LDO chip can be directly powered through diode D2. The LDO then outputs a stable voltage (such as 3.3V) to power the MCU. Switching diode D1 is designed to prevent current backflow when the battery voltage and other components are conducting.

[0057] The LDO step-down circuit 4 includes an LDO step-down chip. The VIN pin of the LDO step-down chip is connected to the host computer trigger path, the button trigger path, and the charging trigger path. The VOUT pin of the LDO step-down chip is connected to the MCU unit. The VIN pin of the LDO step-down chip is the input terminal of the LDO step-down circuit. The VIN pin of the LDO step-down chip is connected to a first capacitor and a fifth resistor. The other end of the first capacitor is grounded, and the other end of the fifth resistor is connected to the CE pin of the LDO step-down chip. The VOUT pin of the LDO step-down chip is connected to a second capacitor, and the other end of the second capacitor is grounded.

[0058] An electrical device is provided, wherein the electrical device is equipped with an ultra-low power microcontroller power supply circuit based on multi-mode triggering as described above; the electrical device can be any specific device in scenarios such as portable electronic devices, Internet of Things (IoT) nodes, and sensors.

[0059] It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and all such improvements and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A multi-mode trigger based ultra-low power microcontroller supply circuit, characterized in that, The upper computer triggering path, the key triggering path, the charging triggering path, an LDO voltage reduction circuit and an MCU unit are included. The LDO voltage reduction circuit is connected with the MCU unit, and provides voltage for the MCU unit when powered on. The upper computer triggering path is controlled to be turned on by an upper computer, the key triggering path is triggered to be turned on by a key, and the charging triggering path is triggered to be turned on by a charger. When any one of the upper computer triggering path, the key triggering path and the charging triggering path is triggered to be turned on, the LDO voltage reduction circuit is powered on. The multi-mode triggering based ultra-low power MCU power supply circuit further includes a power supply. The upper computer triggering path and the key triggering path are both used to control the connection between the power supply and the LDO voltage reduction circuit. The upper computer triggering path includes a resistance voltage dividing circuit, a first NMOS tube and a second NMOS tube. The first NMOS tube is used to control the connection between the power supply and the LDO voltage reduction circuit. The second NMOS tube is controlled by an upper computer and is used to control the connection of the first NMOS tube. The resistance voltage dividing circuit is used to divide voltage for the second NMOS tube. The resistance voltage dividing circuit includes a first resistance, a second resistance, a third resistance and a fourth resistance; the G pole of the second NMOS tube is connected with the first resistance and the second resistance, the other end of the first resistance is connected with an upper computer, and the other end of the second resistance is grounded; the S pole of the second NMOS tube is grounded, the D pole of the second NMOS tube is connected with the fourth resistance; the other end of the fourth resistance is connected with the third resistance and the G pole of the first NMOS tube, the other end of the third resistance is connected with a power supply and the D pole of the first NMOS tube, and the S pole of the first NMOS tube is connected with the input end of the LDO voltage reduction circuit. The key triggering path includes a control key and a first diode. One end of the control key is connected with the power supply, and the other end is connected with the positive pole of the first diode; the negative pole of the first diode is connected with the input end of the LDO voltage reduction circuit. The LDO voltage reduction circuit includes an LDO voltage reduction chip, the VIN pin of the LDO voltage reduction chip is connected with the upper computer triggering path, the key triggering path and the charging triggering path, the VOUT pin of the LDO voltage reduction chip is connected with the MCU unit, and the VIN pin of the LDO voltage reduction chip is the input end of the LDO voltage reduction circuit. The charging triggering path includes a charging interface and a second diode. The charging interface and the positive pole of the second diode are connected, and the negative pole of the second diode is connected with the input end of the LDO voltage reduction circuit. The VIN pin of the LDO voltage reduction chip is connected with a first capacitor and a fifth resistance, the other end of the first capacitor is grounded, and the other end of the fifth resistance is connected with the CE pin of the LDO voltage reduction chip; the VOUT pin of the LDO voltage reduction chip is connected with a second capacitor, and the other end of the second capacitor is grounded.

2. The multi-mode trigger based ultra-low power microcontroller supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein, The control key is a light touch key or a latch key.

3. An electric device, characterized by The power supply circuit based on the multi-mode trigger and the ultra-low power consumption single-chip microcomputer is arranged on the power-using equipment.

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