Manufacturing method and fertilizing system of powder fertilizer, liquid fertilizer and cultivated crop

Abstract

The invention provides a fertilizer which contains chicken manure and can be easily, simply and effectively applied in cultivation by irrigation, a method for producing cultivated crops, and a fertilization system. The powder fertilizer according to the present invention is a powder containing chicken manure and having a particle size distribution D90 of less than 120 [mu] m as determined by a laser diffraction scattering method, and is introduced into water for fertilization by irrigation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to powdered fertilizers, liquid fertilizers, methods for preparing cultivated crops, and fertilization systems. Background Technology

[0002] From the perspective of increasing opportunities to build a circular society and adding value to crops as commodities, the use of organic fertilizers is gradually being recommended. In addition to solid organic fertilizers, there are also liquid organic fertilizers, also known as organic liquid fertilizers. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem that the invention aims to solve

[0004] However, unlike inorganic liquid fertilizers that are entirely in an aqueous solution, organic liquid fertilizers, with their powder dispersed in water, present a problem due to the clogging of irrigation devices (irrigation pipes, unglazed automatic irrigation systems) over time. Irrigation devices have many very small irrigation holes, which are prone to clogging. Once clogged, water cannot be supplied from all holes at the same flow rate. This results in uncontrolled variations in the amount of water supplied to the cultivated plant, potentially leading to deviations in growth.

[0005] Furthermore, in liquid fertilizer storage tanks, the outlet is usually located on the side of the tank, away from the bottom, making it impossible to discharge liquid fertilizer near the bottom of the tank. Therefore, if the powder in the organic liquid fertilizer settles heavily inside the storage tank, the discharged liquid fertilizer (containing only a low concentration of powder) will have insufficient nutrients, making growth difficult to control.

[0006] However, most traditional organic liquid fertilizers primarily consist of plant-based materials (humus, etc.). In contrast, to the applicant's knowledge, there are no organic liquid fertilizers that use animal materials, especially chicken manure. Chicken manure is an inexpensive and reliably available fertilizer material, but it is not currently being fully utilized due to its poor operability.

[0007] The present invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and its object is to provide a fertilizer containing chicken manure that can be easily and effectively applied to crops through irrigation, a method for preparing the fertilizer, and a fertilization system.

[0008] Solution for solving the problem

[0009] The inventors discovered that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by using powder containing chicken manure with a D90 particle size distribution within a specific range, thus completing the present invention. More specifically, the present invention provides the following:

[0010] [1] A powdered fertilizer containing chicken manure, wherein the particle size distribution D90 determined by laser diffraction scattering method is less than 120 μm immediately after being added to water.

[0011] It is introduced into water for fertilization through irrigation.

[0012] [2] The powdered fertilizer for drip irrigation described in [1] is wherein chicken manure accounts for more than 30% of 100% by mass of the raw materials and is used for fertilization by drip irrigation.

[0013] [3] According to the powdered fertilizer described in [1], wherein the amount of chicken manure in 100% by mass of the raw materials is more than 30% by mass, and it is used for fertilization by irrigation, wherein the irrigation is carried out through a calcined water supply unit.

[0014] [4] The powder fertilizer according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein, in the electron microscope photograph taken with a scanning electron microscope, for particles with a major axis of 50 μm or more passing through the particle center, the average sphericity is 2.5 or less, said average sphericity being the average value of the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis (major axis / minor axis) passing through the particle center.

[0015] [5] The powdered fertilizer according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein it is added to water at a concentration of 0.1% by mass, and after standing for 24 hours, the particle size distribution D50 is determined by laser diffraction scattering method.

[0016] (D50 24h (less than 50μm)

[0017] [6] The powdered fertilizer according to [5], wherein the D50 24h The D50 of the particle size distribution obtained immediately after being added to water using laser diffraction scattering is less than 1.3 times.

[0018] [7] The powdered fertilizer according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein it is used for fertilization after being added to water for more than 24 hours.

[0019] [8] A liquid fertilizer, which is obtained by introducing any one of the powdered fertilizers described in [1] to [7] into water, and is used for fertilization by irrigation.

[0020] [9] The liquid fertilizer described in [8] is used for fertilization for 12 to 72 hours.

[0021]

[10] A method for producing a cultivated crop, comprising the step of applying the liquid fertilizer described in [8] or [9] to the cultivated object by irrigation.

[0022]

[11] The method for producing cultivated crops according to claim 10, wherein microbubbles are generated in the water in the liquid fertilizer or in the water before preparing the liquid fertilizer.

[0023]

[12] A fertilization system comprising:

[0024] Storage unit for storing the liquid fertilizer described in [8] or [9], and

[0025] The irrigation unit delivers liquid fertilizer from the storage unit to the vicinity of the cultivated object and irrigates the cultivated object.

[0026]

[13] The fertilization system according to

[12] has a unit that generates microbubbles in the water in the liquid fertilizer or in the water before the preparation of the liquid fertilizer.

[0027] Invention Effects

[0028] According to the present invention, a fertilizer containing chicken manure, which is easily and effectively applied to crops through irrigation, a method for preparing the fertilizer, and a fertilization system are provided. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a photograph showing the degree of blockage in the drip irrigation pipe in Example 2.

[0030] Figure 2 The photograph shows the degree of blockage in the drip irrigation pipe in Comparative Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The following describes embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0032] <Powdered Fertilizer>

[0033] The powdered fertilizer of this invention contains chicken manure, and its particle size distribution (D90, hereinafter also referred to as D90) is determined by laser diffraction scattering immediately after being added to water. 0min Powder smaller than 120μm is introduced into water for fertilization via irrigation.

[0034] Even when fertilization is carried out by irrigation in chicken manure or water, blockages in the irrigation pipes and the water supply unit of the bisquerware can easily occur over time.

[0035] Therefore, the inventors discovered through research that by using D90 0min Adjusting the size to less than 120μm can avoid the above problems.

[0036] (particle size)

[0037] D90 0min Less than 120 μm, preferably less than 90 μm, more preferably less than 70 μm. By making D90... 0minWith a particle size of less than 120μm, even when used immediately after addition for fertilization, it can inhibit clogging in filters in irrigation pipes and in the non-fired water supply units of automatic water dispensers, facilitating the application of sufficient amounts of fertilizer. D90 0min There is no specific lower limit, but even if it is too small, the beneficial effect will be saturated and the manufacturing efficiency will easily deteriorate. From this point of view, it can be, for example, 5μm or more, 15μm or more, or 20μm or more.

[0038] In this specification, D90 0min This refers to the cumulative volumetric particle size of a sample immediately after mixing it with water containing powder at a concentration of 0.1% by mass, as determined by laser diffraction scattering.

[0039] D97 0min Less than 170 μm, preferably less than 150 μm, more preferably less than 130 μm. By making D97... 0min With a particle size of less than 170μm, even when used immediately after addition for fertilization, it can inhibit clogging of filters in irrigation pipes and the non-fired water supply units in automatic water dispensers, facilitating the application of sufficient amounts of fertilizer. D97 0min There is no specific lower limit, but even if it is too small, the beneficial effect will be saturated and the manufacturing efficiency will easily deteriorate. From this point of view, it can be, for example, above 10μm, above 25μm, or above 40μm, etc.

[0040] In this specification, D97 0min This refers to the cumulative volumetric particle size of a sample immediately after mixing it with water at a concentration of 0.1% by mass, as determined by laser diffraction scattering.

[0041] The particle size distribution D50 (hereinafter also referred to as D50) was determined immediately after being added to water using laser diffraction scattering. 0min Preferably less than 80 μm, more preferably less than 50 μm, and even more preferably less than 40 μm. If D50 0min With a particle size smaller than 80μm, it dissolves easily in water and, even when used immediately after addition for fertilization, can inhibit clogging of filters in irrigation pipes and the calcined water supply units in automatic water dispensers, facilitating the application of sufficient amounts of fertilizer. D50 0min There is no specific lower limit. Even if it is too small, the beneficial effect will be saturated and the manufacturing efficiency will easily deteriorate. From this point of view, for example, it can be 4μm or larger, 6μm or larger, or 8μm or larger.

[0042] In this specification, D50 0min This refers to the cumulative volume 50% particle size in the particle size distribution of a sample immediately after mixing it with powder added to water at a concentration of 0.1% by mass, as determined by laser diffraction scattering.

[0043] Added to water at a concentration of 0.1% by mass, and allowed to stand for 24 hours, the particle size distribution D90 (hereinafter also referred to as D90) was determined by laser diffraction scattering method. 24h Preferably less than 120 μm, more preferably less than 90 μm, and even more preferably less than 70 μm. If D90 24h If the particle size is less than 120 μm, sedimentation in the collection tank, pipes, and automatic water supply system is inhibited, and the fully homogeneous liquid fertilizer is easier to apply. D90 24h There is no specific lower limit, but even if it is too small, the beneficial effect will be saturated and the manufacturing efficiency will easily deteriorate. From this point of view, it can be, for example, 5μm or more, 15μm or more, or 20μm or more.

[0044] In this specification, D90 24h This refers to the cumulative 90% particle size in the particle size distribution determined by laser diffraction scattering method for a sample after the powder has been added to water at a concentration of 0.1% by mass and mixed, and then allowed to stand for 24 hours.

[0045] Added to water at a concentration of 0.1% by mass, and after standing for 24 hours, the particle size distribution D97 (hereinafter also referred to as D97) was determined by laser diffraction scattering method. 24h Preferably less than 220 μm, more preferably less than 200 μm, and even more preferably less than 180 μm. If D97 24h If the particle size is less than 220 μm, sedimentation in the collection tank, pipes, and automatic water supply system is inhibited, and the fully homogeneous liquid fertilizer is easier to apply. D97 24h There is no specific lower limit, but even if it is too small, the beneficial effect will be saturated and the manufacturing efficiency will easily deteriorate. From this point of view, it can be, for example, above 10μm, above 20μm, or above 40μm, etc.

[0046] In this specification, D97 24h This refers to the cumulative volumetric particle size of a sample after it has been mixed with powder at a concentration of 0.1% by mass in water and allowed to stand for 24 hours, as determined by laser diffraction scattering.

[0047] Added to water at a concentration of 0.1% by mass, and allowed to stand for 24 hours, the particle size distribution D50 (hereinafter also referred to as D50) was determined by laser diffraction scattering. 24h Preferably less than 80 μm, more preferably less than 50 μm, and even more preferably less than 40 μm. If D50 24h If the particle size is less than 80μm, sedimentation in the collection tank, pipes, and automatic water supply system is inhibited, and the fully homogeneous liquid fertilizer is easier to apply. D50 24hThere is no specific lower limit, but even if it is too small, the beneficial effect will be saturated and the manufacturing efficiency will easily deteriorate. From this point of view, it could be above 4μm, above 6μm, or above 8μm, etc.

[0048] In this specification, D50 24h This refers to the cumulative volume 50% particle size in the particle size distribution of a sample after it has been mixed with powder at a concentration of 0.1% by mass in water and allowed to stand for 24 hours, as determined by laser diffraction scattering.

[0049] D50 24h D50 is preferred. 0min The ratio is 1.3 times or less, more preferably 1.2 times or less. Furthermore, there is no particular limitation on the lower limit of this ratio, but it can be, for example, 0.2 times or more, or 0.6 times or more. If the ratio is 1.3 times or less, it dissolves easily in water and is less prone to condensation, so the entire amount can be used after addition without immediate consumption, making it easy to store. Additionally, the nutrient concentration as a liquid fertilizer becomes less prone to uneven distribution. Moreover, because it is less prone to condensation, even if the entire amount is not used immediately after addition, its ability to prevent clogging of the sintered water supply section in filters and automatic water dispensers is not easily reduced.

[0050] (Spherical degree)

[0051] In electron micrographs taken with a scanning electron microscope, for particles with a major axis of 50 μm or more passing through the particle center, the average value of the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis (major axis / minor axis), i.e., the mean sphericity, is preferably 2.5 or less. If the mean sphericity is 2.5 or less, clogging of filters in irrigation pipes and the unglazed water supply section in automatic water dispensers can be suppressed, facilitating the application of sufficient amounts of fertilizer. The upper limit of the mean sphericity is preferably 2.0 or less. The lower limit of the mean sphericity is not particularly limited, but from the perspective of ease of particle manufacturing and balanced effects, it can also be 1.1 or more, specifically 1.3 or more.

[0052] There are no particular limitations on the scanning electron microscope used; it can be the Topcon SM-200 (the deposited metal can be gold). Additionally, to determine the mean sphericity, the major and minor axes are measured, where the number of particles with a major axis greater than 50 μm can be between 20 and 100.

[0053] The average sphericity of particles with a major diameter of 50 μm or more can be adjusted, for example, by adjusting the grinding conditions. Specifically, the average sphericity within the above range can be easily achieved by using a grinding mill or by repeatedly grinding the particles.

[0054] (raw material)

[0055] This powdered fertilizer contains chicken manure as a raw material. In this instruction manual, "chicken manure" includes any excrement from chickens. There are no specific restrictions on the breed of chicken from which the manure is obtained.

[0056] Powdered fertilizers can also contain ingredients other than chicken manure. As for ingredients other than chicken manure, there are no particular limitations on any commonly used fertilizer ingredients; examples include fishmeal, iron oxide, magnesium, eggshells, zeolite, acetic acid, fulvic acid, enzymes, and wood vinegar. The types and amounts of these ingredients can be adjusted according to the desired effect.

[0057] The amount of chicken manure in 100% by mass of the raw material is not particularly limited; for example, it can be 10% or more by mass, 30% or more by mass, 50% or more by mass, 70% or more by mass, or 90% or more by mass, or even 100% by mass. However, when using powdered fertilizer for drip irrigation, from the viewpoint of easily preventing clogging of the calcined water supply section in the drip irrigation pipe and automatic water supply device, the amount of chicken manure is preferably 30% or more by mass (specifically, 50% or more by mass, 70% or more by mass, 90% or more by mass, or 100% by mass). There is no particular upper limit to the amount; for example, it can be 90% or less by mass, 80% or less by mass, 70% or less by mass, or 60% or less by mass.

[0058] (use)

[0059] Powdered fertilizer is introduced into water for fertilization through irrigation.

[0060] Powdered fertilizers are preferably applied for at least 24 hours after being added to water. However, they are not limited to this; the full amount of powdered fertilizer can also be applied within 24 hours (e.g., 12 to 23 hours) after being added to water.

[0061] (Manufacturing method of powder fertilizer)

[0062] There is no particular limitation on the manufacturing method of powdered fertilizer. For example, the following method can be cited: a step of drying chicken manure or a mixture of raw materials to a moisture content of less than 15% by mass using a commercially available dryer, and a step of pulverizing the mixture using a commercially available pulverizer. By drying the mixture to a moisture content of less than 15% by mass, it is easy to mass-produce powdered fertilizer that meets the particle size specified in this invention and is not easily perishable.

[0063] There are no particular limitations on drying methods as long as they can reduce moisture content. For example, any commercially available dryer such as a vacuum dryer or an airflow dryer can be used.

[0064] There are no particular limitations on the pulverization method; for example, any commercially available pulverizer can be used, such as an impact pulverizer (hammer mill, pin mill, etc.), a shear pulverizer (cutting mill, etc.), or an abrasive pulverizer. Among these, an abrasive pulverizer is preferred from the viewpoint that it is easy to form a group of particles with a near-spherical shape (a group of particles with a low average sphericity).

[0065] Liquid Fertilizer

[0066] The liquid fertilizer of the present invention is obtained by introducing the powder fertilizer of the present invention into water, and is used for fertilization by irrigation.

[0067] The concentration of powdered fertilizer in 100% by mass of liquid fertilizer is preferably 0.001% by mass or more, more preferably 0.01% by mass or more, and even more preferably 0.05% by mass or more. Furthermore, the concentration of powdered fertilizer is preferably 1% by mass or less, more preferably 0.5% by mass or less, and even more preferably 0.1% by mass or less.

[0068] In addition to powdered fertilizers, liquid fertilizers can also contain inorganic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers tend to be long-lasting and have a good balance of complete nutrition, while inorganic fertilizers tend to be fast-acting but have an unbalanced nutritional profile. By combining inorganic fertilizers with powdered fertilizers, these weaknesses can be easily compensated for.

[0069] Liquid fertilizer is preferably applied continuously for 12 to 72 hours. If applied for more than 72 hours, sedimentation in the storage tank cannot be completely suppressed, and the nutrients in the delivered liquid fertilizer may be insufficient. Stirring the liquid fertilizer in the storage tank can further suppress sedimentation; there are no particular limitations, and it can be used for fertilization for more than 24, 48, or 72 hours. However, from the viewpoint of preventing the liquid fertilizer from spoiling or developing a foul odor, liquid fertilizer application is preferably completed within 48 hours.

[0070] <Methods for producing cultivated crops>

[0071] The method for producing cultivated crops according to the present invention includes a step of applying the liquid fertilizer of the present invention to the cultivated object by irrigation.

[0072] There are no particular restrictions on the plants that can be fertilized through irrigation. Any plant can be angiosperm or gymnosperm; angiosperms include both dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants. Furthermore, both herbaceous and woody plants are acceptable. Preferably, they are agriculturally important crops or horticulturally important plants. Examples include cereals, flowers, vegetables, and fruits. Specifically, if the plants are monocotyledonous, they are species belonging to the Poaceae family (e.g., rice, wheat, barley, rye, corn, sugarcane, millet, sorghum, barnyard grass, sorghum, and zoysia); species belonging to the Musaceae family (e.g., banana, plantain); species belonging to the Liliaceae family (e.g., onion, leek, tulip, hyacinth, purple hyacinth, and lily); species belonging to the Amaryllidaceae family (e.g., garlic); and species belonging to the Bromeliaceae family (e.g., pineapple). Additionally, if it is a dicotyledonous plant, it belongs to the following family: Fabaceae (e.g., soybean, peanut, pea, lentil, red bean, broad bean, sweet pea); Brassicaceae (cabbage, radish, Chinese cabbage, rapeseed); Solanaceae (e.g., tomato, eggplant, potato, tobacco, green pepper, chili pepper, petunia); Cucurbitaceae (e.g., pumpkin, watermelon, cantaloupe, cucumber); Convolvulaceae (e.g., sweet potato); Rosaceae (e.g., strawberry, rose, apple, pear, peach, loquat, almond, plum, plum blossom, cherry blossom); Rutaceae (e.g., orange, tangerine, grapefruit, lemon, pomelo).

[0073] Species belonging to the Vitaceae family (e.g., grapes); species belonging to the Asteraceae family (e.g., lettuce, chrysanthemums, dahlias, daisies, sunflowers); and species belonging to the Theaceae family (e.g., camellias, tea trees).

[0074] Liquid fertilizer can be applied to soil used in soil-based cultivation by irrigation, or to hydroponic cultivation by irrigation. However, from the viewpoint of easily and effectively achieving the effects of the present invention, fertilization of soil used in soil-based cultivation by irrigation is preferred. Furthermore, as an irrigation method, drip irrigation is preferred from the viewpoint of easily and effectively achieving the effects of the present invention.

[0075] As a method of drip irrigation for applying liquid fertilizer, one example is the use of a fertilization system described later.

[0076] The timing, duration, frequency, and amount of liquid fertilizer application should be determined appropriately based on the type of crop being cultivated.

[0077] <Fertilization System>

[0078] The fertilization system of the present invention comprises: a storage unit for storing liquid fertilizer; and an irrigation unit for conveying the liquid fertilizer of the present invention from the storage unit to the vicinity of the cultivated object and for irrigating the cultivated object with water.

[0079] There are no particular limitations on the storage unit used to store liquid fertilizer. For example, containers such as cans and bottles that can store liquid fertilizer can be cited.

[0080] The storage unit can also be equipped with an agitation unit capable of suppressing sedimentation or redispersing sediment. There are no particular limitations on the agitation unit; a standard agitation unit can be used.

[0081] The fertilization system can also have a separate storage unit for inorganic liquid fertilizers, distinct from the unit used for liquid fertilizers. As mentioned above, the weaknesses can be easily mitigated by using inorganic fertilizers in conjunction with them. Inorganic liquid fertilizers can be mixed with the aforementioned liquid fertilizers or applied separately.

[0082] From the viewpoint that the effects of the present invention can be easily and effectively obtained, the irrigation unit is preferably a drip irrigation unit or an automatic water supply unit having a bisque-fired water supply section.

[0083] There are no particular limitations on the drip irrigation unit; any common drip irrigation device can be cited as an example. A drip irrigation device may include, for instance, a pump that transfers liquid fertilizer from a receiving unit, and one or more drip irrigation pipes (including hoses and tubes) fluidically connected to the pump. The drip irrigation pipes have an inner diameter, drip orifices, and drip orifice spacing that allow the irrigation volume to be set to a minute level.

[0084] From the viewpoint of easily and effectively obtaining the effects of the present invention, the filter mesh of the drip irrigation hole of the drip irrigation pipe is preferably 80 mesh to 300 mesh, more preferably 100 mesh to 200 mesh, even more preferably 110 mesh to 130 mesh, and may also be 120 mesh.

[0085] There is no particular limitation on the spacing between drip irrigation holes in drip irrigation pipes; for example, it can be 5cm to 1m or 5cm to 30cm, etc.

[0086] There is no particular limitation on the inner diameter of drip irrigation pipes; for example, it can be 5mm to 50mm or 10mm to 30mm, etc.

[0087] There is no particular limit to the length of a drip irrigation pipe; for example, it can be 1m to 150m or 10m to 120m.

[0088] For example, the Streamline X series manufactured by Netafim is a good example of a drip irrigation pipe.

[0089] For automatic water supply units with a bisque-fired water supply section, there are no particular limitations as long as the unit uses a bisque-fired water supply section for filling. For example, it may include a bisque-fired water supply section and a pipe (pipe, hose, conduit, etc.) that fluidically connects the receiving unit to the water supply section. Liquid fertilizer is transferred from the receiving unit through the pipe and seeps out from the porous bisque-fired water supply section, thus fertilizing. Automatic water supply units may also have a section that provides a sealed connection between the water supply section and the pipe. If the water supply section is sealed to the pipe, filling the unit via the water supply section allows the pipe to easily and automatically draw liquid fertilizer from the receiving unit for automatic water supply.

[0090] Automatic water supply units with unglazed water supply sections can be exemplified by, for example, the "Mizuyari Toban" (trademark) series manufactured by MaruHachi Industrial Co., Ltd.

[0091] The fertilization system can also be equipped with a unit that generates microbubbles in the water of the liquid fertilizer or in the water before preparing the liquid fertilizer (bubble generating unit). This easily inhibits the sedimentation of powder in the liquid fertilizer in the collection unit and drip irrigation pipes, and is expected to promote the growth of cultivated crops, improve quality, increase yield, and improve soil.

[0092] The bubble generating unit can be installed either inside the storage unit or as part of the water filling unit. Commercially available nanobubble / microbubble generating devices can be cited as examples of bubble generating units.

[0093] Example

[0094] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0095] <Preparation of Powdered Fertilizers>

[0096] Fish meal, iron oxide, magnesium, eggshells, zeolite, acetic acid, eutectic acid, enzymes, and wood vinegar were mixed in appropriate amounts with chicken manure. The mixture was dried using a commercially available vacuum dryer until the moisture content was less than 15% by mass. The dried material was then pulverized using a commercially available dry pulverizer (needle mill), and by adjusting the pulverization conditions appropriately, powdered fertilizers 1-3 as shown in Table 1 were obtained (the proportion of chicken manure in each 100% by mass of the raw materials was 30% by mass or more). Additionally, powdered fertilizers 4-6 as shown in Table 1 were obtained by pulverizing using a commercially available cutting mill and grinding mill, and by adjusting the pulverization conditions appropriately.

[0097] <Preparation of Liquid Fertilizer>

[0098] Liquid fertilizers for Examples 1-2, 5-7, and Comparative Example 1 were prepared by adding each powdered fertilizer to water at a concentration of 0.1% by mass and mixing them. Furthermore, commercially available inorganic liquid fertilizer was added in the same appropriate amount to each of the liquid fertilizers to prepare liquid fertilizers for Examples 3-4, 8-10, and Comparative Example 2. The liquid fertilizer for Comparative Example 3 was this inorganic liquid fertilizer.

[0099] <Particle Size Determination>

[0100] A portion of each powdered fertilizer was added to water at a concentration of 0.1% by mass. Immediately after addition and after standing for 24 hours, the particle size distribution was determined using a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (LMS-3000) manufactured by SeiShin Enterprise Co., Ltd. Based on the obtained particle size distribution, D50 (50% cumulative volume particle size) and D97 (97% cumulative volume particle size) were calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0101] <Determination of sphericity>

[0102] Using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) (SM-200, manufactured by Topcon), gold was used for metal vapor deposition. In the electron microscope images, for 20 particles with a major axis greater than 50 μm passing through the particle center, the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis passing through the particle center (major axis / minor axis) was calculated, and the average value was used as the mean sphericity.

[0103] <Cultivation Experiment (Strawberry)>

[0104] Using a standard irrigation system, apply the liquid fertilizer, placed in the collection tank, to the strawberries daily through a drip irrigation pipe (42m long, 120-mesh filter screen, 10cm spacing between drip holes) at a rate of 18L / pipe / day. It should be noted that the liquid fertilizer should be used approximately 24 hours after preparation.

[0105] The following criteria were used to evaluate the degree of pipe blockage, sedimentation in the collection tank, leaf growth pattern, fruit yield, average fruit flavor (fullness and sweetness), and deviations in fruit flavor (fullness and sweetness) when using various liquid fertilizers for strawberry cultivation. The results are shown in Table 1. It should be noted that the degree of pipe blockage in Example 2 is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the degree of pipe blockage in Comparative Example 1 is as follows: Figure 2 As shown. In this specification, "rich" refers to "the concentration of flavor".

[0106] (Pipe blockage)

[0107] ◎: No pipe blockage was found during cultivation.

[0108] ○: During cultivation, almost no pipe blockages were observed.

[0109] ×: Pipe blockage discovered during cultivation

[0110] (Sediment inside the storage container)

[0111] ◎: No sediment was found before the liquid fertilizer was used up.

[0112] ○: Almost no sediment was found before the liquid fertilizer was used up.

[0113] ×: Sedimentation was found before the liquid fertilizer was used up.

[0114] (The way leaves are attached)

[0115] ◎+: The leaves are very well developed and there are a great many leaves.

[0116] ◎: Excellent leaf development, abundant leaves

[0117] 〇: Leaves are developing slightly better, with a slightly larger number of leaves.

[0118] △: Leaf development is slightly poor, and the number of leaves is slightly less.

[0119] (Harvest quantity of fruit)

[0120] ◎+: Abundant fruit harvest

[0121] ◎: Abundant fruit harvest

[0122] 〇: The fruit harvest was slightly more than expected.

[0123] △: Fruit harvest was slightly less.

[0124] (Average fruit flavor)

[0125] Multiple locations were randomly selected along the pipeline, and the average richness and sweetness of the fruit harvested from each location were evaluated.

[0126] 〇: Rich and sweet.

[0127] △: Slightly less rich and sweet

[0128] (Differences in fruit flavor)

[0129] Multiple locations were randomly selected along the pipeline, and the deviations in richness and sweetness of the fruit harvested at each location were evaluated.

[0130] ◎+: Very little deviation in richness and sweetness.

[0131] ◎: Minimal deviation in richness and sweetness

[0132] ○: The deviation in richness and sweetness is slightly smaller.

[0133] △: The deviation in richness and sweetness is slightly large.

[0134] Table 1

[0135]

[0136] As shown in Table 1, it was found that if D90 containing chicken manure and meeting the requirements of this invention is used... 0min The use of powdered fertilizer inhibited pipe blockage and sedimentation in the collection tank, increased fruit yield, and reduced fruit flavor deviation. Therefore, it was confirmed that using the aforementioned powdered fertilizer allows for easy and effective fertilization through irrigation.

[0137] On the other hand, if D90, which does not meet the requirements of this invention, is used... 0min For powdered fertilizers, issues were confirmed such as pipe blockage, sedimentation in the collection tank, reduced fruit yield, and increased deviation in fruit taste.

[0138] Additionally, it was found that if the D50 is used... 24h Powdered fertilizers smaller than 50μm can suppress pipe blockage and sedimentation in the collection tank, increase fruit yield, and suppress deviations in fruit taste.

[0139] Furthermore, it was found that if the D50 was used... 24h Compared to the D50 0min When the concentration of powdered fertilizer is less than 1.3 times, pipe blockage and sedimentation in the collection tank are suppressed, the yield of fruit increases, and deviations in fruit taste are suppressed.

[0140] It was found that using a grinding mill resulted in powdered fertilizer with a lower average sphericity (specifically below 2.0) compared to using other mills, which also reduced pipe blockage, improved leaf attachment, increased fruit yield, and suppressed fruit flavor deviations.

[0141] <Cultivation Experiment (Tomato)>

[0142] Using a standard irrigation system, apply the liquid fertilizer, placed in the storage tank, to the tomatoes daily through a drip irrigation pipe (42m long, 120-mesh filter screen, 10cm spacing between drip holes). It should be noted that the liquid fertilizer should be used approximately 24 hours after preparation. Fertilization should be carried out outside of the root growth period.

[0143] Following the same standards used for strawberries, the degree of pipe blockage, sedimentation in the collection tank, leaf growth pattern, and fruit yield were evaluated when using various liquid fertilizers for tomato cultivation. The average fruit flavor (balance between acidity and sweetness) and the deviation in fruit flavor (balance between acidity and sweetness) were evaluated according to the following standards. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0144] (Average fruit flavor)

[0145] Multiple locations were randomly selected along the pipeline, and the average balance of acidity and sweetness of the harvested fruits from each location was evaluated.

[0146] ○: The balance between sour and sweet flavors is good.

[0147] △: The balance between sourness and sweetness is slightly poor.

[0148] (Differences in fruit flavor)

[0149] Multiple locations were randomly selected along the pipeline, and the balance deviation of acidity and sweetness in the harvested fruit at each location was evaluated.

[0150] ◎+: The balance between sourness and sweetness is very minimal.

[0151] ◎: The balance between sourness and sweetness is minimal.

[0152] ○: The balance between sourness and sweetness is slightly off.

[0153] △: The balance between sourness and sweetness is slightly off.

[0154] Table 2

[0155]

[0156] As shown in Table 2, it was found that the tomato cultivation experiment also yielded the same results as the strawberry cultivation experiment (Table 1).

[0157] <Cultivation Experiment (Eggplant)>

[0158] Using a standard irrigation system, apply the liquid fertilizer, placed in the storage tank, to the eggplants daily through a drip irrigation pipe (42m long, 120-mesh filter screen for drip irrigation holes, 10cm spacing between drip holes). It should be noted that the liquid fertilizer should be used approximately 24 hours after preparation. Fertilization should be carried out outside of the root growth period.

[0159] Following the same standards used for strawberries, the degree of pipe blockage, sedimentation in the collection tank, leaf attachment pattern, and fruit yield were evaluated when using various liquid fertilizers for eggplant cultivation. The average fruit flavor (unpleasant tastes such as bitterness) and the deviation of fruit flavor (unpleasant tastes such as bitterness) were evaluated according to the following standards. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0160] (Average fruit flavor)

[0161] Multiple locations were randomly selected along the pipeline, and the average bitterness and other unpleasant tastes of the fruits harvested at each location were evaluated.

[0162] 〇: Less bitterness and other unpleasant tastes

[0163] △: The bitterness and other unpleasant tastes are slightly stronger.

[0164] (Differences in fruit flavor)

[0165] Multiple locations were randomly selected along the pipeline, and the deviations in unpleasant tastes such as bitterness were evaluated for the fruits harvested at each location.

[0166] ◎: Small deviation in unpleasant tastes such as bitterness

[0167] ○: The deviation in unpleasant tastes such as bitterness is slightly smaller.

[0168] △: The deviation in unpleasant tastes such as bitterness is slightly larger.

[0169] Table 3

[0170]

[0171] As shown in Table 3, the eggplant cultivation experiment also yielded the same results as the strawberry cultivation experiment (Table 1).

[0172] <Cultivation Experiment (Cucumber)>

[0173] Using a standard irrigation system, apply appropriate amounts of liquid fertilizer, placed in the storage tank, to the cucumbers daily through a drip irrigation pipe (42m long, 120-mesh filter screen for the drip irrigation holes, 10cm spacing between drip holes). It should be noted that the liquid fertilizer should be used approximately 24 hours after preparation. Fertilization should be carried out outside of the root growth period.

[0174] Following the same standards used for strawberries, the degree of pipe blockage, sedimentation in the collection tank, leaf attachment pattern, and fruit yield were evaluated when using various liquid fertilizers for cucumber cultivation. The average fruit flavor (moisture and crispness) and the deviation of fruit flavor (moisture and crispness) were evaluated according to the following standards. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0175] (Average fruit flavor)

[0176] Multiple locations were randomly selected along the pipeline, and the average moisture and freshness of the harvested fruits at each location were evaluated.

[0177] ○: Good hydration and refreshing feel

[0178] △: No hydration or refreshing feel.

[0179] (Differences in fruit flavor)

[0180] Multiple locations were randomly selected along the pipeline, and the deviations in moisture and freshness of the harvested fruit at each location were evaluated.

[0181] ◎: Minimal deviation in hydration and refreshing feel

[0182] ○: The deviation in hydration and refreshing feel is slightly smaller.

[0183] △: The difference in hydration and refreshing feel is slightly large.

[0184] Table 4

[0185]

[0186] As shown in Table 4, it can be seen that the same results as those of the strawberry cultivation experiment can be obtained in the cucumber cultivation experiment (Table 1).

[0187] <Cultivation Experiment (Tea Tree)>

[0188] Using a standard irrigation system, apply appropriate amounts of liquid fertilizer placed in the storage tank to the tea trees daily through a drip irrigation pipe (42m long, 120-mesh filter screen for drip irrigation holes, 10cm spacing between drip holes). It should be noted that the liquid fertilizer should be used approximately 24 hours after preparation. Fertilization should be carried out outside of the root growth period.

[0189] Following the same standards used for strawberries, the degree of pipe blockage, sedimentation in the collection tank, and leaf attachment pattern were evaluated when using various liquid fertilizers for tea cultivation. The average leaf softness and the deviation of leaf softness were evaluated according to the following standards. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0190] (Average leaf softness)

[0191] Multiple locations were randomly selected along the pipeline, and the average softness of the leaves harvested at each location was evaluated.

[0192] ○: The leaves are soft

[0193] △: Hard leaves

[0194] (Deviance in leaf flexibility)

[0195] Multiple locations were randomly selected along the pipeline, and the deviation in softness of the harvested leaves at each location was evaluated.

[0196] ◎+: The deviation in leaf softness is very small.

[0197] ◎: Small deviation in leaf softness

[0198] 〇: The deviation in leaf softness is slightly smaller.

[0199] △: The deviation in leaf softness is slightly large.

[0200] Table 5

[0201]

[0202] As shown in Table 5, the same results as those in the strawberry cultivation experiment (Table 1) can be obtained in the tea tree cultivation experiment.

[0203] <Cultivation Experiment (Automatic Water Supply System with Bismuth Fired Water Supply Section)>

[0204] For the powdered fertilizers in each embodiment and comparative example, an automatic water supply unit (MaruHachi Sangyo Co., Ltd.'s "Mizuyari Toban" (trademark) L series) with a bisque-fired water supply section was used instead of drip irrigation pipes. The liquid fertilizer was replaced every 72 hours. Otherwise, the same fertilization and cultivation methods were applied to strawberries, tomatoes, and cucumbers. The results of each evaluation showed the same trend as when drip irrigation pipes were used.

Claims

1. A powdered fertilizer containing chicken manure, wherein the particle size distribution D90, determined by laser diffraction scattering method, is less than 120 μm immediately after being added to water. The powdered fertilizer is introduced into water for fertilization via irrigation.

2. The powdered fertilizer for drip irrigation according to claim 1, wherein, The raw material contains at least 30% chicken manure per 100% mass, and is used for fertilization through drip irrigation.

3. The powdered fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein, The raw material contains at least 30% chicken manure per 100% by weight, and is used for fertilization by irrigation, which is carried out through a bisque-fired water supply unit.

4. The powdered fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, In electron microscope images taken with a scanning electron microscope, for particles with a major axis greater than 50 μm passing through the particle center, the mean sphericity is less than 2.

5. The mean sphericity is the average ratio of the major axis to the minor axis passing through the particle center, i.e., the average major axis / minor axis ratio.

5. The powdered fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, The particle size distribution D50, or D50, was determined by laser diffraction scattering after being added to water at a concentration of 0.1% by mass and allowed to stand for 24 hours. 24h Less than 50μm.

6. The powdered fertilizer according to claim 5, wherein, The D50 24h The D50 of the particle size distribution obtained immediately after being added to water using laser diffraction scattering is less than 1.3 times.

7. The powdered fertilizer according to claim 5, when added to water, can be used for fertilization for more than 24 hours.

8. A liquid fertilizer obtained by introducing the powdered fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 7 into water, for use in fertilization by irrigation.

9. The liquid fertilizer according to claim 8, which is used for fertilization for 12 to 72 hours.

10. A method for producing a cultivated crop, comprising the step of applying the liquid fertilizer of claim 8 to the cultivated object by irrigation.

11. The method for producing cultivated crops according to claim 10, wherein, This generates microbubbles in the water in the liquid fertilizer or in the water before preparing the liquid fertilizer.

12. A fertilization system comprising: A storage unit for storing the liquid fertilizer as described in claim 8; The irrigation unit is used to deliver liquid fertilizer from the storage unit to the vicinity of the cultivated object and to irrigate the cultivated object.

13. The fertilization system according to claim 12, comprising a unit for generating microbubbles in the water of the liquid fertilizer or in the water prior to the preparation of the liquid fertilizer.

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