Rock variable-angle shearing device and infiltration test device

Abstract

The invention discloses a rock variable-angle shearing device and an infiltration test device, and relates to the technical field of rock mechanics experiments.The rock variable-angle shearing device comprises a base, a beveling plate assembly, an infiltration test device, a mechanical test system, a seepage and crack observation system, and shear zone evolution and seepage dynamic visualization are achieved through a high-speed camera; correlation analysis with mechanical response is carried out; through the design of the rotating shaft and the sliding part, the shear angle is flexibly adjusted and accurately fixed, a seepage-mechanical coupling research platform is provided in combination with an infiltration test device, meanwhile, mechanical loading, seepage experiment and crack observation are deeply integrated, a multi-field coupling system is constructed, complex environment response is synchronously simulated, and the test efficiency is improved. And multi-dimensional data are captured by utilizing fluorescence development and high-speed photography, a water-force coupling instability mechanism is disclosed, and technical support is provided for disaster prevention and control.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of rock mechanics experiment, in particular to a rock variable-angle shearing device and an infiltration test device. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of geotechnical engineering, the seepage-mechanical coupling behavior of rock-soil mass under complex stress state is the core problem of studying slope stability, underground engineering safety and geological disaster prevention. The traditional experimental device is difficult to simulate the complex scene of rock-soil mass under the action of multi-directional stress and seepage in actual engineering, especially in the aspects of dynamic adjustment of shearing angle, visualization of seepage path and tracking of shearing band evolution. With the deepening of research on rock-soil mechanics and engineering geology, higher requirements are put forward for the functional integration, data accuracy and dynamic visualization capability of the experimental device. For example, in the process of slope sliding or tunnel excavation, the interaction between the internal shearing band of rock-soil mass and the seepage channel directly affects the engineering safety. However, the existing technology cannot capture the coupling evolution process of the two in real time, resulting in deviation between the theoretical model and the actual engineering. Therefore, it is an urgent need in the industry to develop a test device that can accurately simulate multi-angle shearing and synchronously monitor seepage and mechanical response.

[0003] The traditional rock-soil shearing test device has many defects: first, the angle adjustment depends on mechanical limiting or manual fixing, resulting in low shearing angle precision and inability to dynamically adjust the angle during the experiment, making it difficult to simulate the gradual failure process in actual engineering; second, the seepage experiment and mechanical loading are separated, requiring step-by-step operation, which makes the seepage pressure and stress state unsynchronized, the data time axis misaligned, and the seepage-stress coupling effect cannot be truly reflected; third, the observation means is single, relying on the naked eye or low-resolution cameras, which can only obtain the macroscopic morphology of cracks and cannot capture the micron-level seepage channels and tracer particle motion trajectories within the shearing band, resulting in large errors in seepage velocity field inversion, for example, conventional color developers (such as methylene blue) need to be observed after damaging the sample, and cannot track the seepage path in real time; if the high-speed camera is not synchronized with the stress sensor, it cannot associate the crack initiation time with the seepage mutation point; in addition, the traditional device lacks an automatic data acquisition system, and the stress-strain curve and image timestamp need to be recorded manually, which is prone to human error. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a rock variable-angle shearing device and an infiltration test device, which integrates dynamic angle adjustment, synchronous seepage and mechanical loading, and fluorescence visualization technology. The high-precision shearing angle is adjusted through the rotating shaft and sliding components, and the shearing band evolution and seepage path are captured in real time by combining the seepage device and high-speed camera. The device can synchronously record the stress-strain curve and fluorescence image, generate a dynamically labeled video, and visually display the seepage-mechanical coupling process.

[0005] The application provides the following technical scheme: on one hand, a rock variable-angle shearing device, the shearing device comprising a base, an oblique shearing plate, a rotating shaft, a fixing nut, a sliding component, a fixing bolt, a fixing plate, a connecting plate, an elastic element, a guide rod, a fixing bolt interface and an infiltration pipeline;

[0006] The base is a rectangular flat plate structure, the bottom is provided with an antiskid pad, and the upper surface is provided with a sliding component mounting groove;

[0007] The oblique shearing plate is a wedge-shaped steel plate, one side of the plate body is provided with a shaft hole matched with the rotating shaft, the other side is provided with a positioning hole, and a through hole is formed for the infiltration pipeline to pass through;

[0008] The rotating shaft is a cylindrical metal shaft, the diameter is matched with the shaft hole of the oblique shearing plate;

[0009] The sliding component is composed of two parallel metal guide rails, arranged along the shearing force direction, and fixed on the upper surface of the base through the fixing nut;

[0010] The fixing plate is an L-shaped steel plate, vertically welded on the two side edges of the base, the top is provided with a shaft seat of the rotating shaft, and the bottom is rigidly connected with the base;

[0011] The connecting plate is a rectangular steel plate, one end is provided with a bolt hole connected with the oblique shearing plate, and the other end is provided with a connecting hole matched with the loading head of the external test equipment;

[0012] The infiltration pipeline is a hard plastic or metal pipeline, a micro valve is arranged on the pipeline, and a flange connected with the external seepage device is arranged at one end;

[0013] The arc-shaped track of the fixing bolt interface is consistent with the rotating track of the oblique shearing plate around the rotating shaft, and each interface corresponds to a fixed angle;

[0014] The elastic element is a compression spring, and the two ends are fixedly connected to the connecting plate and the oblique shearing plate respectively.

[0015] Further, the connection relationship of the components is as follows:

[0016] The fixing plate is vertically welded on the two side edges of the base, one end of the rotating shaft is mounted on the shaft seat of the fixing plate through the sliding component, and the two ends of the rotating shaft are mounted on the shaft seat of the fixing plate and locked through the fixing nut; the sliding component is fixed on the upper surface of the base, the bottom block of the oblique shearing plate is nested with the sliding component, the guide rod is fixed on the fixing plate at the two ends, and the side block of the oblique shearing plate is nested with the guide rod;

[0017] The fixing bolt interface is arranged in an arc-shaped track on the base and corresponds to the positioning hole of the oblique shearing plate, and the fixing bolt is threadedly connected with the fixing bolt interface after passing through the positioning hole of the oblique shearing plate; the sliding component is fixed on the upper surface of the base through the fixing nut;

[0018] One end of the connecting plate is connected with the side of the beveling plate through a fixing nut, an elastic element is sleeved on the fixing nut and two ends of the elastic element are in contact with the connecting plate and the beveling plate respectively, and the other end of the connecting plate is connected with a loading head of the universal testing machine;

[0019] One end of the infiltration pipeline is connected with the seepage passage of the seepage device through a flange, the other end of the infiltration pipeline passes through the through hole of the beveling plate, and the outlet of the infiltration pipeline is aligned with the seepage inlet on the surface of the rock-soil sample.

[0020] In another aspect, an infiltration test device, the test device comprising a mechanical test device, a shearing device, a seepage device and a crack observation device;

[0021] The mechanical test device is a uniaxial compression device, a Brazilian splitting test device and a universal testing machine, and the universal testing machine comprises a loading system, a force sensor, a displacement sensor and a control system;

[0022] The shearing device is installed on the mechanical test device and is provided with an angle adjusting structure and can be adjusted to a corresponding shearing angle according to experimental requirements or actual conditions;

[0023] The seepage device comprises a seepage passage, a valve, a water sample collecting device, a liquid storage tank and a pressure sensor, and the water sample collecting device comprises a liquid collecting funnel, a measuring container and a timer;

[0024] The crack observation device comprises a color developing agent, a purple light lamp, a computer and a high-speed camera, and the computer is connected with the control system of the mechanical test device and the high-speed camera.

[0025] Further, the loading system of the universal testing machine is connected with the connecting plate of the shearing device through a loading head, the force sensor and the displacement sensor are electrically connected with the control system respectively, and the control system is in communication connection with the computer.

[0026] Further, the angle adjusting structure is composed of a rotating shaft and a sliding component, the rotating shaft is a core component, and the beveling plate is nested and connected with the rotating shaft through a shaft hole; the sliding component is installed between a fixed plate shaft seat and the rotating shaft, is adjusted through the rotating shaft, and after adjustment, the shearing angle is fixed through a fixing nut and a fixing bolt interface.

[0027] Further, one end of the seepage passage of the seepage device is connected with the liquid storage tank, the other end is connected with the shearing device through the infiltration pipeline, the valve is installed on the seepage passage, the pressure sensor is installed on the seepage passage, the liquid collecting funnel is arranged at the seepage outlet of the sample, the measuring container is arranged below the liquid collecting funnel, and the timer is used in cooperation with the measuring container.

[0028] Further, the purple light lamp is an adjustable power LED purple light lamp group, which is arranged at intervals along the height direction of the sample, and each purple light lamp corresponds to an independent brightness controller; the high-speed camera is matched with a macro lens, the focal length of which can be remotely adjusted through a computer, which is used to clearly capture the fluorescent color details of the shear band at different depths, and realize the layered visualization of the spatial distribution of the shear band.

[0029] Further, the color developing agent is a mixture of fluorescein sodium and tracer particles, the tracer particles are fluorescent microspheres with a diameter of 5-10 microns, and the surface of the microspheres is coated with a hydrophilic coating; the image collected by the high-speed camera can be processed by a computer, and the seepage velocity field in the shear band can be inverted through the motion trajectory of the tracer particles, and the visualization of the dynamic process of the shear band seepage can be realized.

[0030] Further, the computer synchronizes the fluorescent image collected by the high-speed camera with the stress-strain curve recorded by the mechanical testing device on the time axis, automatically labels the positions of the shear band corresponding to the stress peak time and the crack initiation time in the image, and generates a dynamically labeled video, thereby realizing the correlated visualization of the shear band evolution and the mechanical response.

[0031] Further, the experimental method of the experimental device is:

[0032] S1. Build a rock and soil sample compression and shearing device, and install the shearing device on a universal testing machine;

[0033] S2. According to the experimental requirements or actual conditions, adjust the device to the corresponding shearing angle through the angle adjustment structure of the shearing device, and complete the fixation;

[0034] S3. Place the rock and soil sample in the shearing device, start the mechanical testing device to carry out mechanical loading test, record the stress-strain curve of the sample in real time through the computer, and capture the high-definition fluorescent image of the crack propagation of the sample in the compression process in real time through the high-speed camera;

[0035] S4. Before the compression experiment, open the valve of the seepage device, make the seepage liquid enter the rock and soil sample through the seepage channel, and carry out the seepage experiment synchronously, collect all the water samples through the water sample collection device, and obtain the seepage amount;

[0036] S5. Add a color developing agent to the seepage water, turn on the purple light to irradiate the rock and soil sample, so that the seepage path and the shear band thickness can be displayed, and the development of the seepage path and the shear band can be recorded in real time by the high-speed camera.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the rock variable-angle shearing device and the infiltration test device have the following advantages

[0038] Beneficial effects:

[0039] I. This invention achieves flexible adjustment and precise fixation of the shear angle through a unique design of the rotating shaft and sliding components. This structure not only simplifies the angle adjustment process and improves experimental efficiency, but also ensures the stability of the angle during shearing, reducing experimental errors caused by angle deviation. Combined with the infiltration test device, it makes it possible to study the seepage characteristics of soil and rock samples under different shear angles, providing a precise experimental platform for a deeper understanding of the seepage-mechanical coupling mechanism of soil and rock under complex stress states, and improving the reliability and scientific research value of experimental data.

[0040] II. This invention integrates mechanical loading, seepage experiments, and dynamic crack observation to construct a multi-field coupled experimental system. This system overcomes the limitations of traditional experimental devices with their single function. By seamlessly connecting the seepage device and the shear device through an infiltration pipe, mechanical loads and seepage pressures can be applied simultaneously during the experiment to simulate the coupled response of soil and rock under complex environments. At the same time, fluorescent development of the seepage path is achieved using sodium fluorescein and ultraviolet light, combined with a high-speed camera to capture the crack propagation process at a rate of hundreds of frames per second, forming a multi-dimensional dataset of mechanics-seepage-damage. This allows researchers to quantitatively analyze the impact of seepage on the development of shear zones, reveal the microscopic mechanism of soil and rock instability under water-mechanical coupling, and provide key technical support for the prevention and control of tunnel water inrush and dam foundation leakage disasters.

[0041] Other advantages, objectives and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination or study, or may be learned from the practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0042] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0043] Figure 1 This is a structural framework diagram of a rock angle-changing shearing device.

[0044] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the infiltration test device.

[0045] In the diagram: 1. Base; 2. Beveled plate; 3. Rotating shaft; 4. Fixing nut; 5. Sliding component; 6. Fixing bolt; 7. Fixing plate; 8. Connecting plate; 9. Elastic element; 10. Guide rod; 11. Fixing bolt interface; 12. Infiltration pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0046] In order to further illustrate the technical means and effects taken by the present application to achieve the predetermined inventive purpose, and the specific embodiments, structures, features and effects thereof according to the present application, a detailed description is given below in conjunction with the drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0047] Example 1:

[0048] Rock variable-angle shearing device and infiltration test device structure, connection relationship and working principle.

[0049] The rock variable-angle shearing device is as shown in Figure 1 .

[0050] The rock variable-angle shearing device is the core component for realizing the rock variable-angle shearing test, and through the coordinated cooperation of each component, the rock shearing operation at different angles can be completed, and a basic installation structure is provided for the seepage test.

[0051] Core components and connection relationship:

[0052] The base support component: the base 1 is a rectangular flat plate structure, which is the bearing base of the entire device, and the anti-skid pad at the bottom can avoid the sliding of the device during the test process. The fixed plate 7 is an L-shaped steel plate, which is vertically welded on both side edges of the base 1, and is rigidly connected with the base 1 at the bottom. The shaft seat at the top is used for installing the rotating shaft 3, forming a stable frame support structure.

[0053] The variable-angle shearing component: the rotating shaft 3 is a cylindrical metal shaft, which is installed at both ends of the shaft seat of the fixed plate 7, and is locked by the fixed nut 4 to provide a rotating fulcrum for the inclined cutting plate 2. The inclined cutting plate 2 is a wedge-shaped steel plate, which is connected with the rotating shaft 3 through the shaft hole on one side, and can rotate around the rotating shaft 3. The bottom sliding block is nested with the sliding part 5 on the base 1, and the side sliding block is nested with the guide rod 10, which is fixed at both ends of the fixed plate 7, to ensure that the inclined cutting plate 2 moves along the fixed trajectory when rotating. The fixed bolt interface 11 is opened in an arc trajectory on the base 1, which is consistent with the rotating trajectory of the inclined cutting plate 2 around the rotating shaft 3. When the inclined cutting plate 2 is rotated to the target angle, the fixed bolt 6 is connected with the corresponding interface through the positioning hole of the inclined cutting plate 2, to realize the angle fixation.

[0054] The loading transmission component: the sliding part 5 is composed of two parallel metal guide rails, which are fixed on the base 1 by the fixed nut 4, and are arranged along the direction of the shearing force to provide guidance for the sliding of the inclined cutting plate 2. One end of the connecting plate 8 is connected with the inclined cutting plate 2 through a bolt, and the other end is connected with the loading head of the universal testing machine, which is used to transmit the loading force of the testing machine to the inclined cutting plate 2. The elastic element 9 is a compression spring, which is sleeved on the connecting bolt and in contact with the connecting plate 8 and the inclined cutting plate 2 at both ends, and can play a buffering role in the loading process to reduce the influence of instantaneous impact force on the test.

[0055] Seepage auxiliary assembly: one end of the infiltration pipeline 12 is connected with the external seepage device through the flange, and the other end penetrates through the through hole of the bevel plate 2, and the outlet is aligned with the surface of the rock-soil sample. The micro valve on the pipeline can control the seepage flow to provide a stable seepage environment for the sample.

[0056] Working principle:

[0057] The device realizes the angle change function through the cooperation of the rotating shaft 3 and the sliding part 5: when the bevel plate 2 rotates around the rotating shaft 3, the bottom slider slides along the sliding part 5, and the side slider slides along the guide rod 10 to ensure the stability of the rotation track; when it is rotated to the target angle, the bevel plate 2 is fixed by using the fixed bolt 6 and the fixed bolt interface 11 to complete the angle adjustment. When loading, the universal testing machine applies force to the bevel plate 2 through the connecting plate 8, and the bevel plate 2 transmits the force to the sample to make the sample shear deformation; the elastic element 9 is compressed or elongated during the loading process, which buffers the fluctuation of the loading force to ensure stable loading. The infiltration pipeline 12 guides the liquid from the external seepage device into the sample to realize the seepage loading during the shearing process.

[0058] Infiltration test device:

[0059] The infiltration test device is based on the rock angle change shear device, which integrates mechanical test, seepage and crack observation devices to realize the synchronous test of the mechanical properties, seepage characteristics and crack evolution of the rock during the shearing process.

[0060] Overall composition and connection relationship:

[0061] Mechanical test device: mainly a universal testing machine, the loading head of which is connected with the shear device through the connecting plate 8, and the loading system can apply different loads; the force sensor and the displacement sensor collect loading force and displacement data respectively, which are transmitted to the computer through the control system to generate stress-strain curves.

[0062] Seepage device: composed of liquid storage tank, seepage channel, valve, pressure sensor and water sample collection device, the liquid in the liquid storage tank enters the sample through the seepage channel and the infiltration pipeline 12, the valve controls the start and stop of seepage and flow, and the pressure sensor monitors the seepage pressure; the water sample collection device includes a liquid collection funnel, a measuring container and a timer, the liquid collection funnel collects the seepage liquid of the sample, the measuring container measures the seepage flow, and the timer records the time for calculating the permeability coefficient.

[0063] Crack observation device: composed of color developing agent, purple light, high-speed camera and computer, the color developing agent is a mixture of fluorescein sodium and tracer particles, which enters the sample cracks and shear bands with seepage; the purple light is arranged along the height of the sample and irradiates the sample to make the color developing agent glow; the high-speed camera is equipped with a macro lens, which can clearly capture the fluorescent color details of the shear band, and the captured images are transmitted to the computer; the computer is connected with the mechanical test device control system and the high-speed camera for data processing and analysis.

[0064] Working principle:

[0065] During the test, the universal testing machine applies shear force to the sample through the shear device, and the mechanical testing device collects stress and displacement data in real time; the seepage device injects liquid containing a color developing agent into the sample through the infiltration pipeline 12, while monitoring the seepage pressure and seepage flow rate; in the crack observation device, the violet light lamp emits light to make the color developing agent glow, and the high-speed camera captures the fluorescent image of the sample to record the development of cracks and shear bands; the computer synchronizes the mechanical data and image data on the time axis, inverses the seepage velocity field through the motion trajectory of the tracer particles, marks the position of the shear band corresponding to the stress peak value and the crack initiation time, and realizes the correlation analysis of shear band evolution, mechanical response and seepage characteristics.

[0066] Example two:

[0067] Rock variable-angle shear infiltration test method and complete process.

[0068] Test preparation stage: as shown in Figure 2 .

[0069] Device assembly and inspection:

[0070] Place the base 1 on the workbench of the universal testing machine, adjust the position to make it stable, fix it with the anti-skid pad, install the sliding part 5 in the mounting groove of the base 1, and tighten it with the fixing nut 4.

[0071] Vertically weld the fixed plate 7 on both sides of the base 1, ensure that the welding is firm, and install the rotating shaft 3 at both ends on the shaft seat of the fixed plate 7, and preliminarily fix it with the fixing nut 4 (do not tighten it yet).

[0072] The beveling plate 2 is nested with the rotating shaft 3 through the shaft hole, the bottom slider is embedded in the sliding part 5, and the side slider is sleeved into the guide rod 10, the ends of which are fixed on the fixed plate 7. Check whether the beveling plate 2 rotates smoothly, and adjust the position of the parts or clean the impurities if there is a jam.

[0073] One end of the connecting plate 8 is connected with the beveling plate 2, and the other end is connected with the loading head of the universal testing machine. The elastic element 9 is sleeved on the connecting bolt to ensure that it is installed in place. The infiltration pipeline 12 passes through the through hole of the beveling plate 2, one end of which is connected with the external seepage device flange. Check whether the pipeline is unobstructed and whether the valve can be normally opened and closed.

[0074] Install the crack observation device: arrange the violet light lamps along the height of the sample and connect the independent brightness controller; install the high-speed camera in front of the sample, align the lens with the sample, and connect the computer; prepare the color developing agent (a mixture of fluorescein sodium and tracer particles) and inject it into the liquid storage tank of the seepage device.

[0075] Sample preparation and installation:

[0076] Prepare the geotechnical sample, ensure the surface is flat and the size meets the test requirements. If necessary, pre-prepare cracks or pre-treat the sample to simulate specific geological conditions.

[0077] Place the sample in the designated position in the shear device, adjust the position to align the outlet of the infiltration pipeline 12 with the sample infiltration inlet, and ensure that the seepage can smoothly enter the sample.

[0078] Parameter setting and debugging:

[0079] Angle adjustment: According to the test scheme, determine the shear angle, loosen the rotating shaft 3 fixing nut 4 and oblique cutting plate 2 positioning bolt, rotate the oblique cutting plate 2 to the target angle, align the positioning hole with the corresponding fixed bolt interface 11, tighten the fixed bolt 6 and rotating shaft 3 fixing nut 4, and complete the angle fixing.

[0080] Seepage parameter setting: Open the liquid storage tank valve of the seepage device, adjust the seepage flow through the micro valve on the infiltration pipeline 12 to the required value for the test, observe the pressure sensor reading to ensure that the seepage pressure is stable; Place the liquid collection funnel at the sample seepage outlet, place the measuring container below, and prepare the timer.

[0081] Mechanical parameter setting: Turn on the universal testing machine, set the loading mode (such as displacement control or force control) and loading rate, and zero the force sensor and displacement sensor; Open the data acquisition software on the computer and set the data sampling frequency.

[0082] Observation parameter setting: Turn on the purple light and adjust the brightness to clearly display the fluorescence; Adjust the focal length and shooting parameters of the high-speed camera to ensure that the details of the sample can be clearly captured, and open the image acquisition software on the computer to prepare for recording.

[0083] Test implementation phase:

[0084] Pre-test inspection:

[0085] Start the universal testing machine for pre-loading, apply a small load, check whether the connection parts are firm, whether the loading is smooth, whether the seepage pipeline has leakage, and whether the high-speed camera image is clear. If problems are found, stop loading immediately and adjust and recheck.

[0086] Formal test:

[0087] Seepage start: Open the valve of the seepage device to make the liquid containing the color developing agent enter the sample through the infiltration pipeline 12, start the timer at the same time, and begin recording the seepage time; Observe the measuring container, and after the seepage is stable (the seepage flow and pressure fluctuation are within the allowed range), proceed to the next step.

[0088] Mechanical loading: start the universal testing machine, apply shear force to the sample according to the set parameters, and record the stress-strain curve in real time. During the loading process, pay close attention to the state of the sample and the operation of each device.

[0089] Crack observation: turn on the high-speed camera and take real-time fluorescent images of the sample to record the development of seepage paths and shear bands. According to the changes in the sample, you can remotely adjust the camera focal length and violet light brightness through the computer to ensure the observation effect.

[0090] Data recording: record seepage flow and pressure data at regular intervals, observe and record the process of crack initiation, expansion, and failure of the sample until the sample is sheared and destroyed, and stop loading.

[0091] Test completion stage:

[0092] Device shutdown and cleaning:

[0093] Stop the universal testing machine loading and turn off the power. Close the seepage device valve, disconnect the inlet pipe 12 from the external device, and clean the residual liquid in the pipe.

[0094] Remove the damaged sample, observe the shear surface and crack morphology, and record the relevant characteristics. Clean each part of the shear device, remove the sample debris and residual liquid, and ensure that the device is clean.

[0095] Data processing and analysis:

[0096] Export the stress-strain curve, seepage flow-time curve, and high-speed camera image data recorded in the computer, and organize and archive them.

[0097] Use computer software to process image data, and use tracer particle motion trajectories to invert seepage velocity fields in shear bands. Synchronize the fluorescent image and the stress-strain curve on the time axis, mark the shear band position corresponding to the stress peak time and crack initiation time, and generate a dynamically labeled video.

[0098] Calculate the shear strength and permeability parameters of the sample based on the test data, combine the image analysis results, study the effects of shear angle and shear process on rock mechanical properties and seepage characteristics, and draw test conclusions.

[0099] In summary, the rock variable-angle shear infiltration test method described in Example Two completes device assembly, sample installation and parameter setting in the preparation stage, adjusts the shear angle through the rotating shaft, ensures the connection and normal function of each component; in the implementation stage, synchronously starts seepage, mechanical loading and crack observation, realizes real-time data acquisition; in the finishing stage, completes device cleaning and data processing, and analyzes mechanical, seepage and image data through the association of the calculation machine. The process relies on the structural characteristics of the device, realizes adjustable shear angle and multi-parameter synchronous test, and provides a standardized method for the study of rock shear and seepage coupling characteristics.

[0100] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the present application in any form. Although the present application has been disclosed as above with a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present application. Any person skilled in the art can make some changes or modifications to the above disclosed technical content to obtain equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the technical solution of the present application. Any modification, change and modification of the above embodiments, which does not depart from the technical essence of the present application, are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present application.

Claims

1. A rock angle-changing shearing device, characterized in that, The shearing device includes a base (1), a slant plate (2), a rotating shaft (3), a fixing nut (4), a sliding component (5), a fixing bolt (6), a fixing plate (7), a connecting plate (8), an elastic element (9), a guide rod (10), a fixing bolt interface (11), and an infiltration pipe (12). The base (1) is a rectangular flat plate structure with an anti-slip pad at the bottom and a sliding component (5) mounting groove on the upper surface; The oblique cut plate (2) is a wedge-shaped steel plate. One side of the plate body is provided with a shaft hole that matches the rotating shaft (3), and the other side is provided with a positioning hole and a through hole for the infiltration pipe (12) to pass through. The rotating shaft (3) is a cylindrical metal shaft with a diameter that matches the shaft hole of the oblique plate (2); The sliding component (5) consists of two parallel metal guide rails arranged along the direction of shear force and fixed to the upper surface of the base (1) by a fixing nut (4); The fixing plate (7) is an L-shaped steel plate, which is vertically welded to the two sides of the base (1). The top is provided with a bearing seat for the rotating shaft (3), and the bottom is rigidly connected to the base (1). The connecting plate (8) is a rectangular steel plate, with a bolt hole at one end for connecting to the oblique plate (2) and a connecting hole at the other end for matching with the loading head of the external test equipment; The infiltration pipe (12) is a rigid plastic or metal pipe, with a miniature valve on the pipe and a flange at one end for connection to an external infiltration device; The arc trajectory of the fixed bolt interface (11) is consistent with the rotation trajectory of the oblique plate (2) around the rotation axis (3), and each interface corresponds to a fixed angle; The elastic element (9) is a compression spring, with its two ends fixedly connected to the connecting plate (8) and the oblique plate (2), respectively.

2. The shearing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connection relationships of the components are as follows: The fixed plate (7) is vertically welded to the two sides of the base (1). One end of the rotating shaft (3) is mounted on the bearing seat of the fixed plate (7) through the sliding component (5). Both ends of the rotating shaft (3) are respectively mounted on the bearing seat of the fixed plate (7) and locked by the fixing nut (4). The sliding component (5) is fixed to the upper surface of the base (1). The bottom slider of the beveled plate (2) is nested with the sliding component (5). Both ends of the guide rod (10) are fixed on the fixed plate (7). The side slider of the beveled plate (2) is nested with the guide rod (10). The fixing bolt interface (11) is opened on the base (1) with an arc-shaped trajectory and corresponds to the positioning hole of the oblique plate (2). The fixing bolt (6) passes through the positioning hole of the oblique plate (2) and is threadedly connected to the fixing bolt interface (11). The sliding component (5) is fixed to the upper surface of the base (1) by the fixing nut (4). One end of the connecting plate (8) is connected to the side of the oblique plate (2) through the fixing nut (4), the elastic element (9) is sleeved on the fixing nut (4) and its two ends are in contact with the connecting plate (8) and the oblique plate (2) respectively, and the other end of the connecting plate (8) is connected to the loading head of the universal testing machine. One end of the infiltration pipe (12) is connected to the seepage channel of the seepage device through a flange, and the other end of the infiltration pipe (12) passes through the through hole of the oblique plate (2), and the outlet of the infiltration pipe (12) is aligned with the seepage inlet on the surface of the soil and rock sample.

3. An infiltration test device, characterized in that, The testing apparatus includes a mechanical testing apparatus, a shearing apparatus as described in any one of claims 1-2, a seepage apparatus, and a crack observation apparatus; The mechanical testing device includes a uniaxial compression device, a Brazilian splitting test device, and a universal testing machine. The universal testing machine includes a loading system, a force sensor, a displacement sensor, and a control system. The shearing device is installed on the mechanical testing device and is equipped with an angle adjustment structure, which can be adjusted to the corresponding shearing angle according to experimental requirements or actual conditions. The seepage device includes a seepage channel, valves, a water sample collection device, a storage tank, and a pressure sensor. The water sample collection device includes a collection funnel, a metering container, and a timer. The crack observation device includes a colorimetric agent, an ultraviolet lamp, a computer, and a high-speed camera. The computer is connected to the control system of the mechanical testing device and the high-speed camera.

4. The infiltration test device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The loading system of the universal testing machine is connected to the connecting plate (8) of the shearing device through the loading head. The force sensor and displacement sensor are electrically connected to the control system, and the control system is connected to the computer for communication.

5. The infiltration test device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The angle adjustment structure consists of a rotating shaft (3) and a sliding component (5). The oblique cutting plate (2) is nested with it through a shaft hole. The sliding component (5) is installed between the fixed plate (7) shaft seat and the rotating shaft (3). It is adjusted by the rotating shaft (3). After adjustment, the shearing angle is fixed by the fixing nut (4) and the fixing bolt interface (11).

6. The infiltration test apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, One end of the seepage channel of the seepage device is connected to the storage tank, and the other end is connected to the shearing device through the seepage pipe (12). The valve is installed on the seepage channel, the pressure sensor is installed on the seepage channel, the liquid collection funnel is set at the seepage outlet of the sample, the metering container is set below the liquid collection funnel, and the timer is used in conjunction with the metering container.

7. The infiltration test device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The ultraviolet lamps are adjustable power LED ultraviolet lamp groups, arranged at intervals along the height of the sample, and each ultraviolet lamp corresponds to an independent brightness controller; the high-speed camera is equipped with a macro lens, the focal length of which can be remotely adjusted by computer, to clearly capture the fluorescence color development details of shear bands at different depths, and to realize the layered visualization of the spatial distribution of shear bands.

8. The infiltration test device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The colorimetric agent is a mixture of sodium fluorescein and tracer particles. The tracer particles are fluorescent microspheres with a diameter of 5-10 μm, and the surface of the microspheres is coated with a hydrophilic coating. After the images acquired by the high-speed camera are processed by the computer, the seepage velocity field in the shear zone can be inverted through the trajectory of the tracer particles, thereby realizing the visualization of the dynamic process of seepage in the shear zone.

9. The infiltration test device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The computer synchronizes the fluorescence images acquired by the high-speed camera with the stress-strain curves recorded by the mechanical testing device along the time axis. It automatically marks the shear band positions corresponding to the stress peak time and crack initiation time in the images and generates dynamic labeled videos to realize the visualization of the correlation between shear band evolution and mechanical response.

10. The infiltration test apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The experimental method for this experimental setup is as follows: S1. Set up a compression and shearing device for soil and rock samples, and install the shearing device on a universal testing machine; S2. According to the experimental requirements or actual situation, adjust the device to the corresponding shearing angle through the angle adjustment structure of the shearing device, and then fix it. S3. Place the soil and rock sample in the shear device, start the mechanical testing device to carry out the mechanical loading test, record the stress-strain curve of the sample in real time by computer, and at the same time use a high-speed camera to capture high-definition fluorescent images of crack propagation of the sample during compression. S4. Before conducting the compression test, open the valve of the seepage device to allow the seepage liquid to enter the soil sample through the seepage channel. Simultaneously conduct the seepage test and collect all the outflowing water sample through the water sample collection device to obtain the seepage amount. S5. Add a colorimetric agent to the seepage water, turn on the ultraviolet light to irradiate the soil and rock sample to display the seepage path and shear zone thickness, and use a high-speed camera to record the development of the seepage path and shear zone in real time.

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