A high-power hydrogen fuel cell with an efficient heat dissipation structure

Abstract

This application relates to the field of hydrogen fuel cell technology, specifically disclosing a high-power hydrogen fuel cell with a highly efficient heat dissipation structure. The fuel cell includes a casing, multiple stacked battery packs, and an internal cooling assembly. The casing is equipped with end caps and a controller. Each battery pack consists of a battery cell formed by bipolar plates and proton exchange membranes on both sides. The end caps are fixed to the stacked battery packs via connectors. The internal cooling assembly includes cooling pipes and buffer pipes, with the buffer pipes on adjacent battery packs interconnected. The active cooling component includes a micropump and a coolant reservoir. A temperature sensor monitors the temperature of the buffer pipes. When the temperature sensor detects an increase in the temperature of the buffer pipes, the controller activates the micropump to pump coolant from the reservoir into the cooling pipes. This application improves the thermal stability and lifespan of the entire hydrogen fuel cell system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of hydrogen fuel cell technology, and in particular to a high-power hydrogen fuel cell with an efficient heat dissipation structure. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen fuel cells, as a clean and efficient energy conversion device, are increasingly being widely used in transportation, distributed energy, and emergency power supply due to their advantages such as high energy density, zero emissions, and rapid start-up. Especially in high-power applications, such as commercial vehicles, heavy machinery, and rail transit, higher demands are placed on the continuous output capacity and stability of hydrogen fuel cells. To meet the demand for high power output, high-power hydrogen fuel cells in vehicles generally use a stack as the core power unit, which is composed of dozens to hundreds of individual hydrogen fuel cells connected in series via bipolar plates. During high-power output, several groups of individual hydrogen fuel cells rapidly generate a large amount of heat. If the heat dissipation efficiency is poor, it will directly affect the stability of the stack's operating temperature, leading to a decrease in stack efficiency and even safety issues. Therefore, improving the heat dissipation capacity of hydrogen fuel cells, especially in high-load, high-density operating environments, is one of the key directions for current technological development.

[0003] Currently, technologies used for heat dissipation in hydrogen fuel cells mainly include liquid cooling systems, air cooling systems, and composite material thermal conductivity designs. Among these, liquid cooling systems have become the mainstream application due to their excellent heat exchange capacity, especially in high-power fuel cells. A common practice is to set up coolant channels around the fuel cell stack, using liquid circulation to remove the heat generated during operation. In addition, some technologies have optimized the design of cooling plate structures, coolant flow channel layouts, and thermally conductive materials to improve heat dissipation efficiency. For example, Chinese patent CN119905610A, published in related technologies, proposes to solve the problems of uneven heat dissipation, local overheating, and system complexity in high-power hydrogen fuel cells through an innovative heat dissipation architecture and modular design, significantly improving heat dissipation efficiency, reliability, and scalability.

[0004] However, in actual operation, especially under harsh conditions such as high load, continuous ramp-up, or high temperature environments, a large amount of heat is continuously generated inside the fuel cell stack. Due to factors such as the inhomogeneity of electrochemical reactions, differences in flow field distribution, changes in local contact resistance, and limitations in cooling system design, uneven temperature distribution inevitably occurs inside the fuel cell stack. This results in certain specific areas (such as the inlet and outlet of the flow field plate, sealing edges, and the center of the membrane electrode assembly) having significantly higher temperatures than other areas, forming so-called "heat island" regions. If the temperature of local heat island regions cannot be suppressed in a timely and effective manner, it will lead to accelerated degradation of the membrane electrode assembly in that region (such as catalyst sintering, carbon support corrosion, proton exchange membrane drying or perforation), increased reactant transport resistance, and further deterioration of the operating conditions in that region, generating more heat and forming a positive feedback "heat accumulation" vicious cycle. This not only causes irreversible performance loss in that region and reduces the overall stack efficiency, but also significantly shortens the overall lifespan of the hydrogen fuel cell. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a high-power hydrogen fuel cell with a high-efficiency heat dissipation structure. This hydrogen fuel cell can dynamically identify and actively regulate the heat dissipation of local high-heat areas inside the cell, enhance the basic toughness and adaptability of the hydrogen fuel cell heat dissipation system, effectively reduce membrane damage and catalyst degradation caused by the formation of local hot spots, and effectively improve the thermal stability and lifespan of the entire battery system.

[0006] This application provides a high-power hydrogen fuel cell with a high-efficiency heat dissipation structure, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A high-power hydrogen fuel cell with a highly efficient heat dissipation structure includes:

[0008] The housing is configured as a hollow box with an opening at one end, and an end cap is provided on the opening end of the housing, and a controller is provided on the end cap;

[0009] A battery pack is formed by stacking multiple battery cells. Each battery cell includes a bipolar plate and a proton exchange membrane. The bipolar plate is disposed between two adjacent sets of proton exchange membranes. The two sides of the bipolar plate are respectively provided with an anode channel and a cathode channel for distributing reactant gases and conducting current. A connector is provided on the side of the end cap away from the controller. Multiple battery packs are provided, and the multiple sets of battery packs are stacked and fixed on the end cap in sequence through the connector.

[0010] The built-in cooling assembly includes a cooling pipe, a buffer pipe, a temperature sensing element, and an active cooling element. The cooling pipe is embedded in the bipolar plate, and the buffer pipe is disposed on the bipolar plate. The buffer pipe is located above the cooling pipe and is interconnected with the cooling pipe. The diameter of the buffer pipe is larger than that of the cooling pipe, and both the buffer pipe and the cooling pipe are filled with coolant.

[0011] The adjacent buffer tubes on the battery pack are interconnected. The temperature sensing element is disposed on the buffer tube, and the active cooling element is disposed to one side of the temperature sensing element. The active cooling element includes a reservoir and a micro pump. The reservoir is disposed on the battery pack and is filled with coolant. The micro pump is disposed to one side of the reservoir and is electrically connected to the controller. The output end of the micro pump is connected to the buffer tube, and the input end of the micro pump is connected to the reservoir. The temperature sensing element can detect the temperature change of the coolant in the buffer tube. When the temperature sensing element detects an increase in the temperature of the coolant in the buffer tube, the controller controls the micro pump to inject the coolant in the reservoir into the cooling tube.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the cooling tube is embedded inside the bipolar plate, which can achieve on-site cooling at the first moment when the electrochemical reaction heat is generated, avoiding heat accumulation inside the plate, significantly improving heat dissipation efficiency, delaying the aging process of the membrane electrode, and ensuring reaction efficiency and system stability. The buffer tube is located above the cooling tube, forming a channel structure of "coolant thermal diffusion and buoyancy". When the fuel cell is working continuously, the bipolar plate heats the coolant, which causes the local temperature of the coolant to rise, the molecular motion to intensify, and the density to decrease. This creates a condition where the buoyancy is greater than the gravity, thereby triggering the "thermal siphon" cycle effect of the heated coolant rising naturally and the cold liquid sinking to fill the gap. This structure can form a stable spontaneous convection of coolant without mechanical drive, achieving zero-power passive heat dissipation, greatly reducing the overall energy consumption, and enhancing the basic toughness and self-adaptive ability of the heat dissipation system. It effectively reduces membrane damage and catalyst degradation caused by the formation of local hot spots, and effectively improves the thermal stability and life of the entire battery system.

[0013] When the thermosiphon effect is insufficient to suppress the battery temperature rise, the temperature sensor detects the temperature change of the coolant in the buffer tube in real time, triggering the controller to start the micro pump to quickly inject the coolant in the reservoir into the cooling pipe, realizing active cooling intervention and significantly improving the cooling system's ability to cope with peak heat loads; at the same time, the temperature sensor is deployed on multiple buffer tubes, which can realize dynamic monitoring of local temperature, prevent local overheating or overcooling, and improve the system's operational safety.

[0014] Furthermore, this technical solution introduces a buffer tube structure and cleverly utilizes the thermosiphon principle to achieve a multi-level, highly dynamic heat dissipation path, from local heat dissipation at the source end, passive thermal convection, autonomous temperature sensing control to active liquid pump drive intervention. This breaks away from the traditional liquid cooling method that relies solely on the shell or cold plate, significantly improving the thermal management capability, safety, and service life of high-power hydrogen fuel cell systems, and providing a key guarantee for their stable operation under complex working conditions.

[0015] Optionally, the temperature sensing element includes a heat-conducting base plate, a sealing cover, and a floating plate. The heat-conducting base plate is disposed on the buffer tube, the sealing cover is fixed on the heat-conducting base plate, and the floating plate is slidably disposed within the sealing cover. A temperature-sensing medium is disposed between the floating plate and the heat-conducting base plate. A sensing element is disposed on the floating plate, and a position detection sensor is disposed on the outer wall of the housing. The position detection sensor is electrically connected to the controller. The sensing element can act on the position detection sensor. When the heat-conducting base plate is heated, the temperature-sensing medium will expand due to heat, lifting the floating plate. The position detection sensor detects the sensing element approaching, thereby causing the controller to control the micro pump to inject the coolant in the liquid storage box into the cooling tube.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the temperature sensing element utilizes the thermal expansion temperature sensing medium to drive the floating plate, which is suitable for long-term stable operation of hydrogen fuel cells in environments with high electromagnetic interference and high humidity and heat. When the temperature rises to a set threshold, the floating plate drives the sensing element to approach the external sensor, triggering the controller to start the cooling action in time. This purely mechanical displacement triggering sensor does not rely on the accuracy of electrical signal acquisition, has strong anti-interference ability and high reliability. Moreover, the temperature sensing element can be easily integrated into any position in the battery stack structure, which is conducive to point-to-point temperature monitoring and realizes "point-to-point" heat dissipation response for key hot areas. This realizes a passive mechanical temperature sensing mechanism that can sense and respond to temperature without complex electronic components, which can effectively suppress the development of the heat island effect, avoid local overheating and degradation of the membrane electrode, and significantly extend the service life of the core components of the battery stack.

[0017] Optionally, the buffer tube is provided with a flow restrictor to limit the flow direction of the coolant. The flow restrictor includes a mounting bracket and a flow restrictor plug. A partition plate is fixed inside the buffer tube. A connecting hole is opened on the partition plate. The mounting bracket is fixed in the connecting hole. The flow restrictor plug is slidably inserted into the mounting bracket. One end of the flow restrictor plug is provided with an anti-detachment part. The other end of the flow restrictor plug is provided with a sealing part, and the sealing part exactly blocks the connecting hole.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, during the initial cooling operation phase, the coolant can spontaneously circulate through the thermosiphon effect between the buffer tube and the cooling tube based on the temperature difference, achieving basic heat dissipation without additional energy consumption. When the battery stack's workload increases or the heat surges, the temperature sensor triggers the active cooling mode, and the controller drives the micro-pump to forcibly inject coolant into the cooling system. At this time, given that multiple bipolar plates have independent cooling circuits, without current limiting, the high-pressure coolant driven by the micro-pump may preferentially flow through the path with lower resistance (i.e., the buffer tube), causing a short-circuit problem. The current limiting device, through the buffer tube... A physical flow-limiting structure is formed at the interface between the storage tube and the cooling tube, effectively preventing the coolant from bypassing the cooling tube and flowing directly through the buffer tube. This avoids the coolant taking a "shortcut" and ensures that it is forcibly guided through the cooling tube embedded in the bipolar plate. This solves the problem of uneven heat and cold distribution caused by parallel system connection, improves the temperature control consistency and operational stability of the battery, enhances heat exchange efficiency, ensures the full utilization of the active cooling effect, releases battery heat more quickly, suppresses the "heat island" effect and local overheating of the membrane electrode, and helps prevent failure mechanisms such as membrane drying and catalyst sintering, thereby extending the overall life of the hydrogen fuel cell stack.

[0019] Optionally, the temperature sensing element further includes a limiting ring, which is slidably disposed inside the sealing cover and above the floating plate. A limiting spring is provided on the side of the limiting ring facing away from the floating plate. One end of the limiting spring is fixedly connected to the limiting ring, and the other end of the limiting spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sealing cover.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, limiting rings and limiting springs are set on the floating plate, which effectively prevents the floating plate from being accidentally triggered by external vibration or environmental disturbance, enhances the anti-interference capability of the system, improves the mechanical response stability and repeated service life of the temperature sensing element, and ensures that the accuracy does not deteriorate during long-term use.

[0021] Optionally, an external heat dissipation component is also included. The external heat dissipation component includes a cooling tank, a water pump, and a first cooling plate. A support frame is provided on the housing. The cooling tank and the water pump are both fixed on the support frame. The water pump is located on one side of the cooling tank and is electrically connected to the controller. The input end of the water pump is connected to the cooling tank. The first cooling plate is fixed on the housing. A heat dissipation pipe is embedded inside the first cooling plate. Both ends of the heat dissipation pipe extend outside the first cooling plate. One end of the heat dissipation pipe is connected to the output end of the water pump, and the other end of the heat dissipation pipe is connected to the cooling tank.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, an external heat dissipation system for the battery is constructed using a cooling box, a water pump, and a first cooling plate. The external cooling plate and liquid circulation system effectively enhance the heat capacity and heat exchange area of ​​the entire system. The water pump-driven liquid cooling circuit improves the coolant flow rate and heat dissipation efficiency. Furthermore, the external structure is highly scalable, making it easy to adjust the cooling capacity according to different vehicle platforms or application environments.

[0023] Optionally, the external heat dissipation assembly further includes a second cooling plate. The housing has an exchange slot, and the second cooling plate is disposed in the exchange slot. A heat-conducting plate is disposed on the side of the liquid storage box away from the battery pack. The heat-conducting plate abuts against the outer wall of the housing where the exchange slot is located. A heat exchange tube is embedded in the second cooling plate. Both ends of the heat exchange tube extend out of the second cooling plate. One end of the heat exchange tube is connected to the output end of the water pump, and the other end of the heat exchange tube is connected to the cooling box.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, an exchange groove is opened on the shell, and the second cooling plate is set in the exchange groove, so that the second cooling plate and the shell form a tight thermal contact interface. At the same time, a heat-conducting plate is provided on the side of the liquid storage box away from the battery pack. The heat-conducting plate is in direct contact with the outer wall of the shell, and thus forms a thermal coupling conduction path with the second cooling plate set in the shell exchange groove. This realizes a multi-stage heat diffusion and discharge path from the battery stack body → liquid storage box → shell heat-conducting plate → second cooling plate → external coolant. The heat-conducting plate and the second cooling plate form an efficient heat path, which can realize rapid heat conduction and heat discharge when the liquid storage box shows a tendency to accumulate heat, avoiding the impact of the internal cooling performance of the battery due to the rise in liquid temperature. At the same time, the second cooling plate, as a supplementary cooling channel, works together with the first cooling plate to build a double-sided, multi-point, multi-level heat dissipation network, improving the thermal management capability of the entire fuel cell system.

[0025] Optionally, a flow regulating component is provided at one end of the heat exchange tube near the output end of the water pump. The flow regulating component includes an installation sleeve, an adjusting plate, a bidirectional lead screw, and a first motor. The installation sleeve is located at the end of the heat exchange tube near the water pump. The adjusting plate is slidably disposed within the installation sleeve. A drain groove is formed through one side of the adjusting plate along its length. The bidirectional lead screw is rotatably disposed within the installation sleeve. The first motor is fixedly disposed on the installation sleeve. The output end of the first motor is fixedly connected to one end of the bidirectional lead screw. The first motor is electrically connected to the controller. A connecting part is fixedly disposed on the adjusting plate. The connecting part is threadedly connected to one end of the bidirectional lead screw. Two sets of adjusting plates are provided within the installation sleeve. The two sets of adjusting plates are arranged symmetrically and alternately along the length of the installation sleeve. The two sets of drain grooves are combined to form a drain hole.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, when the hydrogen fuel cell is under overload or high heat load, the flow regulator reduces the orifice diameter of the drain hole, forcing the coolant flowing through the drain hole to form a mist-like micro-droplet flow. This significantly increases the contact area between the coolant and the inner wall of the heat dissipation pipe and the coolant vapor phase, greatly improving the heat exchange efficiency. Furthermore, this mechanism serves as an emergency response mechanism when the hydrogen fuel cell is detected to be under continuous overload. Through this mechanism, more efficient heat exchange is achieved between the liquid storage box and the second cooling plate, ensuring that the built-in cooling system can operate stably and efficiently.

[0027] Optionally, the cooling box is provided with a pressure relief box, and a first connecting pipe and a second connecting pipe are fixedly provided on the pressure relief box. Both the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe are connected to the cooling box. A piston plate is slidably arranged inside the pressure relief box, and a support spring is provided on the piston plate. One end of the support spring is fixedly connected to the piston plate, and the other end of the support spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the pressure relief box.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solution, the coolant, after atomization, forms a two-phase flow containing droplets and vapor, which has complex and highly unstable flow behavior. The pressure relief box can effectively cope with the pressure pulsation caused by droplet coalescence and rupture, as well as the formation and detachment of vapor bubbles. When the pressure in the cooling system suddenly surges due to the instability of the two-phase flow, the piston plate and its supporting spring in the pressure relief box can respond sensitively, quickly distribute and buffer the pressure peak, and prevent the sudden pressure rise from damaging the cooling system pipeline and sealing structure. At the same time, the pressure relief box provides a buffer space for the vapor and droplets generated by the vaporization of the coolant, allowing the partially vaporized coolant to be recooled and condensed into a liquid state in the pressure relief box, ensuring that the coolant flows back to the cooling tank in a stable liquid form, maintaining the continuity and efficiency of the cooling cycle.

[0029] Optionally, a sealing cap is provided at one end of the first connecting pipe near the pressure relief box, the end of the first connecting pipe near the pressure relief box extends into the pressure relief box, a sealing layer is fixed inside the sealing cap, the sealing cap is made of high-density material, a plurality of vent holes are opened on the sealing cap, the sealing cap covers the end of the first connecting pipe extending into the pressure relief box, and a one-way valve is provided on the second connecting pipe.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solution, the sealing cap, made of high-density material, can firmly press itself against the first connecting pipe opening under its own weight when there is no external pressure or the system operating pressure is lower than the set value, thus forming a sealing state and effectively isolating the cooling tank and the pressure relief box. When the pressure inside the cooling system rises beyond the sealing cap's withstand pressure due to changes in operating conditions (such as high load, increased ambient temperature, etc.), the sealing cap will be pushed up under the action of gas or liquid pressure, thereby opening the exhaust channel and achieving automatic pressure relief. This prevents the cooling tank or pipeline from rupturing due to excessive internal pressure, improving the safety of system operation. The multiple exhaust holes ensure that the gas is released in a dispersed and orderly manner when open, avoiding instantaneous excessive pressure relief that could cause system oscillation or coolant splashing, while also enhancing the controllability and safety of the pressure relief process.

[0031] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0032] 1. The structure of the cooling pipe and buffer pipe cleverly utilizes the thermosiphon principle to realize a multi-level, highly dynamic heat dissipation path from local heat dissipation at the source, passive heat convection, autonomous temperature sensing control to active liquid pump drive intervention. This breaks the traditional liquid cooling heat dissipation method that relies solely on the shell or cold plate, significantly improving the thermal management capability, safety and service life of the high-power hydrogen fuel cell system, and providing key guarantees for its stable operation under complex working conditions.

[0033] 2. The temperature sensing element utilizes a thermal expansion sensing medium to drive a floating plate, which is suitable for long-term stable operation of hydrogen fuel cells in environments with high electromagnetic interference and high humidity and heat. When the temperature rises to a set threshold, the floating plate moves the sensing element close to the external sensor, triggering the controller to start the cooling action in time. This purely mechanical displacement triggering sensor does not rely on the accuracy of electrical signal acquisition, has strong anti-interference ability and high reliability. Furthermore, the temperature sensing element can be easily integrated into any position in the battery stack structure, which is conducive to point-to-point temperature monitoring and realizes "point-to-point" heat dissipation response for key hot areas. This achieves a passive mechanical temperature sensing mechanism that can sense and respond to temperature without complex electronic components, which can effectively suppress the development of the heat island effect, avoid local overheating and degradation of the membrane electrode, and significantly extend the service life of the core components of the battery stack.

[0034] 3. An exchange groove is opened on the shell, and a second cooling plate is set in the exchange groove, so that the second cooling plate and the shell form a tight thermal contact interface. At the same time, a heat-conducting plate is set on the side of the liquid storage box away from the battery pack. The heat-conducting plate is in direct contact with the outer wall of the shell, and thus forms a thermal coupling conduction path with the second cooling plate set in the shell exchange groove. This realizes a multi-stage heat diffusion and discharge path from the battery stack body → liquid storage box → shell heat-conducting plate → second cooling plate → external coolant. The heat-conducting plate and the second cooling plate form an efficient heat path, which can realize rapid heat conduction and heat discharge when the liquid storage box shows a tendency to accumulate heat, avoiding the impact of the internal cooling performance of the battery due to the rise in liquid temperature. At the same time, the second cooling plate serves as a supplementary cooling channel, working together with the first cooling plate to construct a double-sided, multi-point, multi-level heat dissipation network, improving the thermal management capability of the entire fuel cell system.

[0035] 4. When the hydrogen fuel cell is under overload or high heat load, the flow regulator reduces the diameter of the drain hole, forcing the coolant flowing through the drain hole to form a mist of tiny droplets. This significantly increases the contact area between the coolant and the inner wall of the heat sink and the coolant vapor phase, greatly improving heat exchange efficiency. Furthermore, this mechanism serves as an emergency response mechanism when the hydrogen fuel cell is detected to be under continuous overload. Through this mechanism, more efficient heat exchange is achieved between the liquid storage box and the second cooling plate, ensuring that the built-in cooling system can operate stably and efficiently. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the hydrogen fuel cell in the embodiments of this application;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the built-in cooling component in an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the cache tube in an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 4 Yes, yes Figure 2 An enlarged schematic diagram of part A in the middle;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the external heat dissipation component in the embodiments of this application;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the flow regulating component in the embodiments of this application;

[0042] Figure 7 yes Figure 5 Enlarged schematic diagram of part B.

[0043] Reference numerals: 1. Housing; 11. End cap; 12. Controller; 13. Support frame; 14. Exchange slot;

[0044] 2. Battery pack; 21. Bipolar plates;

[0045] 3. Built-in cooling components; 31. Cooling pipe; 32. Buffer pipe; 321. Divider plate; 3211. Connecting hole; 33. Temperature sensing element; 331. Heat-conducting base plate; 332. Sealing cover; 333. Floating plate; 334. Position detection sensor; 335. Limiting ring; 336. Limiting spring; 34. Active cooling component; 341. Liquid reservoir; 3411. Heat-conducting plate; 342. Micro pump; 35. Temperature sensing medium; 36. Sensing plate; 37. Flow limiting element; 371. Mounting bracket; 372. Flow limiting plug; 3721. Anti-detachment part; 3722. Sealing part;

[0046] 4. External heat dissipation components; 41. Cooling tank; 42. Water pump; 43. First cooling plate; 431. Heat dissipation pipe; 44. Second cooling plate; 441. Heat exchange pipe; 45. Flow regulating component; 451. Mounting sleeve; 452. Adjusting plate; 4521. Drainage tank; 4522. Connecting part; 453. Two-way lead screw; 454. First motor; 46. Pressure relief box; 461. First connecting pipe; 462. Second connecting pipe; 463. One-way valve; 47. Piston plate; 48. Support spring; 49. Sealing cap; 491. Exhaust port. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-7 This application will be described in further detail.

[0048] This application discloses a high-power hydrogen fuel cell with a highly efficient heat dissipation structure.

[0049] Reference Figure 1 A high-power hydrogen fuel cell with an efficient heat dissipation structure includes a housing 1, a battery pack 2, an external heat dissipation component 4, and an internal cooling component 3. The battery pack 2 is installed inside the housing 1, the external heat dissipation component 4 is installed on the housing 1, and the internal cooling component 3 is installed on the battery pack 2. The housing 1, as the outer shell of the entire hydrogen fuel cell, effectively isolates and protects the internal battery pack 2. The battery pack 2, as the core power unit of the entire hydrogen fuel cell, can convert hydrogen fuel into electrical energy output. The internal cooling component 3 can not only identify the "heat island" areas within the housing 1, but also perform localized and differentiated cooling on the identified "heat island" areas inside the battery. The external heat dissipation component 4 can cool the entire hydrogen fuel cell.

[0050] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2In this embodiment of the application, the housing 1 is configured as a hollow rectangular box with an open end. An end cap 11 is detachably provided on the open end of the housing 1 by bolts. The end cap 11 is located on one side of the length direction of the housing 1. The side of the end cap 11 facing away from the housing 1 is respectively provided with a controller 12, an oxygen interface and a hydrogen interface.

[0051] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this embodiment of the application, the battery pack 2 is formed by stacking and connecting multiple battery cells. Each battery cell includes a bipolar plate 21 and a proton exchange membrane. The bipolar plate 21 is disposed between two adjacent sets of proton exchange membranes. The two sides of the bipolar plate 21 are respectively provided with an anode channel and a cathode channel for distributing reaction gas and conducting current. Furthermore, a gas diffusion layer and a catalyst layer are sequentially disposed between the proton exchange membrane and each bipolar plate 21.

[0052] A connector is provided on the side of the end cap 11 facing away from the controller 12. The connector includes a connecting screw and a fastening end plate. Multiple sets of connecting holes are provided on the bipolar plate 21. The connecting screw passes through the connecting holes to stack and fix several sets of battery cells sequentially along the length of the housing 1 onto the side of the end cap 11 facing away from the controller 12. The fastening end plate is provided at the end of the connecting screw away from the end cap 11 and presses against the battery cells. A nut is also provided at the end of the connecting screw away from the end cap 11, and the nut abuts against the side of the fastening end plate 132 facing away from the bipolar plate 21. In this embodiment, multiple sets of battery packs 2 are provided, and the multiple sets of battery packs 2 are connected in series.

[0053] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 In this embodiment of the application, the built-in cooling component 3 includes a cooling pipe 31, a buffer pipe 32, a current limiting element 37, and a temperature sensing element 33. The cooling pipe 31 is embedded in the bipolar plate 21. The cooling pipe 31 is configured as a serpentine tube and is thin. Both ends of the cooling pipe 31 extend to one side of the width direction of the bipolar plate 21. One end of the bipolar plate 21 is configured as the liquid injection end, and the other end of the bipolar plate 21 is configured as the liquid outlet end. The buffer tube 32 is located on one side of the bipolar plate 21 in the width direction and is directly above the cooling tube 31. One side of the outer wall of the buffer tube 32 abuts against the long side of the bipolar plate 21, and the other side of the outer wall of the buffer tube 32 abuts against the inner wall of the housing 1. A heat-conducting plate is provided between the buffer tube 32 and the inner wall of the housing 1. The diameter of the buffer tube 32 is much larger than the diameter of the cooling tube 31. One end of the buffer tube 32 is connected to the liquid injection end of the cooling tube 31, and the other end of the buffer tube 32 is connected to the liquid outlet end of the cooling tube 31. Both the buffer tube 32 and the cooling tube 31 are filled with coolant.

[0054] The flow limiting component 37 includes a mounting bracket 371 and a flow limiting plug 372. A partition plate 321 is provided at the center line position along the length of the buffer tube 32. A connecting hole 3211 is provided on the partition plate 321. The mounting bracket 371 is fixed in the connecting hole 3211. The flow limiting plug 372 is cylindrical and is coaxially slidably inserted into the mounting bracket 371. One end of the flow limiting plug 372 is provided with an anti-detachment part 3721, and the other end of the flow limiting plug 372 is provided with a sealing part 3722. The sealing part 3722 is disc-shaped and precisely blocks the connecting hole 3211.

[0055] Each set of bipolar plates 21 is equipped with a set of cooling pipes 31 and buffer pipes 32, and the buffer pipes 32 adjacent to each other in each battery pack 2 are interconnected.

[0056] During the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell, the bipolar plate 21 is gradually heated by a large amount of electrochemical reaction heat. This heats a portion of the coolant, intensifying molecular motion and increasing the average distance between molecules, leading to volume expansion and a decrease in density. The heated coolant is then subjected to buoyancy from the surrounding cooler, denser coolant (this buoyancy is greater than the weight of the heated fluid itself), causing it to tend to rise. As the heated coolant rises, a "vacancy" is created in its place, which is naturally filled by the surrounding, cooler, denser, unheated coolant. Therefore, as long as the heat source continues to heat a portion of the coolant while the other portion remains cold, this rising and sinking process will continue indefinitely, forming a spontaneous circulation loop.

[0057] In this embodiment, the coolant can be a mixture of low-concentration ethylene glycol (50%) and deionized water.

[0058] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4In this embodiment, the temperature sensing element 33 includes a heat-conducting base plate 331, a sealing cover 332, a floating plate 333, a limiting ring 335, a limiting spring 336, and an active cooling element 34. The heat-conducting base plate 331 is fixed on the buffer tube 32, and the heat-conducting plate 3411 completely covers all the buffer tubes 32 on a group of battery packs 2. The heat-conducting base plate 331 is made of copper sheet. The sealing cover 332 is rectangular and fixed on the heat-conducting base plate 331. The sealing cover 332 and the heat-conducting base plate are sealed together. The floating plate 333 is slidably sealed inside the sealing cover 332. A temperature-sensing medium 35 is provided between the floating plate 333 and the heat-conducting base plate 331. The temperature-sensing medium 35 is a thermally expanding material. In this embodiment, the temperature-sensing medium 35 can be paraffin wax. It should be noted that in normal operation, the internal ambient temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell is between 60°C and 90°C. The melting point of conventional paraffin wax is 70°C. Therefore, the paraffin wax in this embodiment is lignite wax. Alternatively, a narrow-fraction refined paraffin wax can be used to concentrate its melting point between 80°C and 91°C. Furthermore, a polymer gelling agent is added to the paraffin wax to inhibit phase separation and improve its high stability after 2000 cycles.

[0059] Of course, in this embodiment, since the temperature sensing medium 35 is located inside the sealing cover 332, the temperature sensing medium 35 can also be liquid silicone oil. Liquid silicone oil has a higher coefficient of expansion than mercury, excellent insulation, good high temperature and chemical stability, but its application cost is much more expensive than paraffin.

[0060] The limiting ring 335 is slidably disposed inside the sealed cover. The limiting ring 335 is disposed above the floating plate 333. The limiting spring 336 is disposed on the side of the limiting ring 335 away from the floating plate 333. One end of the limiting spring 336 is fixedly connected to the limiting ring 335, and the other end of the limiting spring 336 is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the sealed cover 332. Two sets of limiting springs 336 are provided.

[0061] A sensing plate 36 is provided on the floating plate 333. The sensing plate 36 is a magnetic plate made of permanent magnet. A position detection sensor 334 is provided at a corresponding position on the outer wall of the housing 1. The position detection sensor 334 is electrically connected to the controller 12. The position detection sensor 334 can be set as an eddy current sensor. The position detection sensor 334 is electrically connected to the controller 12. The sensing plate 36 can act on the position detection sensor 334.

[0062] In this embodiment, each battery pack 2 is provided with two sets of active cooling components 34. The two sets of active cooling components 34 are symmetrically arranged along the length of the bipolar plate 21. Each active cooling component 34 includes a reservoir 341 and a micro pump 342. The reservoir 341 is disposed on the battery pack 2, and its length is less than the width of the battery pack 2 at the corresponding installation position. The reservoir 341 is filled with coolant. The micro pump 342 is disposed on one side of the reservoir 341 and is electrically connected to the controller 12. The micro pump 342 can be configured as a high-temperature resistant magnetic brushless DC pump. The micro pump 342 is provided with an input terminal and an output terminal. The output terminal of the micro pump 342 is connected to the buffer tube 32, and the input terminal of the micro pump 342 is connected to the reservoir 341. A connecting pipe is provided on the reservoir 341, and the two reservoirs 341 on each battery pack 2 are interconnected through the connecting pipe. The output directions of the two sets of micro pumps 342 are arranged in opposite directions.

[0063] More specifically, the limiting spring 336 presses the limiting ring 335 onto the floating plate 333. When the entire hydrogen fuel cell is working, the coolant in the cooling pipe 31 and the buffer pipe 32 circulates back on their inner walls due to the thermosiphon effect. As the hydrogen fuel cell continues to operate at high intensity, the temperature inside the buffer pipe 32 gradually increases. Subsequently, the temperature sensing medium 35 set in the sealing cover 332 expands due to heat, pushing the floating plate 333 upward, thereby reducing the distance between the sensing plate 36 and the position detection sensor 334.

[0064] When the eddy current sensor detects that the sensing element 36 is close, the controller 12 controls the micro pump 342 to start, injecting coolant into the buffer tube 32. A flow-limiting plug 372 is installed in the buffer tube 32. When the coolant flows from one end of the buffer tube 32 to the other end, if the flowing coolant tries to flow to the other side through the connecting hole 3211 where the flow-limiting plug 372 is installed, the flowing coolant will push the sealing part 3722 to press against the connecting hole 3211, thereby restricting the coolant from flowing directly to the liquid storage box 341 on the other side. This ensures that the coolant flows into the liquid storage box 341 on the opposite side through the cooling tube 31, thus realizing the circulation and return of the coolant.

[0065] The temperature-sensing medium 35 expands when heated, pushing the floating plate 333 upward. The temperature-sensing medium 35 expands when heated, and when the temperature reaches 80°C or above, the temperature-sensing medium 35 will gradually begin to melt. The volume of the melted temperature-sensing medium 35 will expand further, and the floating plate 333 will be lifted a greater distance. The sensing signal obtained by the corresponding position detection sensor 334 will become stronger.

[0066] The micro pump 342 on the side closer to the sealing part 3722 is set to drain water, while the micro pump 342 on the side farther from the sealing part 3722 is set to pump water. Furthermore, as the sensing plate 36 gradually approaches, the controller 12 gradually increases the output power of the micro pump 342.

[0067] Reference Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 In this embodiment, the external heat dissipation component 4 includes a cooling box 41, a water pump 42, a first cooling plate 43, a second cooling plate 44, and a flow regulating component 45. A support frame 13 is provided on the housing 1. The cooling box 41 and the water pump 42 are both fixed on the support frame 13. A pressure relief box 46 is provided on the cooling box 41. A first connecting pipe 461 and a second connecting pipe 462 are fixed on the pressure relief box 46. Both the first connecting pipe 461 and the second connecting pipe 462 are connected to the cooling box 41. A piston plate 47 is slidably provided inside the pressure relief box 46. A support spring 48 is provided on the piston plate 47. One end of the support spring 48 is fixedly connected to the piston plate 47, and the other end of the support spring 48 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the pressure relief box 46. A sealing cap 49 is provided at one end of the first connecting pipe 461 near the pressure relief box 46. The end of the first connecting pipe 461 near the pressure relief box 46 extends into the pressure relief box 46. A sealing layer is fixed inside the sealing cap 49. The sealing cap 49 is made of high-density material. Several sets of vent holes 491 are opened on the sealing cap 49. The sealing cap 49 covers the end of the first connecting pipe 461 near the pressure relief box 46. A one-way valve 463 is provided on the second connecting pipe 462.

[0068] Water pump 42 is located on one side of cooling tank 41. Water pump 42 is electrically connected to controller 12. The input end of water pump 42 is connected to cooling tank 41. Two sets of first cooling plates 43 are provided. The first cooling plates 43 are fixed on the top surface of housing 1. Heat dissipation pipes 431 are embedded inside the first cooling plates 43. The heat dissipation pipes 431 are arranged in a serpentine shape. Both ends of the heat dissipation pipes 431 extend out of the first cooling plates 43. One end of the heat dissipation pipes 431 is connected to the output end of water pump 42, and the other end of the heat dissipation pipes 431 is connected to cooling tank 41.

[0069] An exchange groove 14 is provided on the top surface of the housing 1. Multiple sets of exchange grooves 14 are provided, and all exchange grooves 14 are located on both sides of the width direction of the housing 1. The positions of the exchange grooves 14 correspond one-to-one with the positions of the liquid storage box 341. The second cooling plate 44 is embedded in the exchange groove 14. A heat-conducting plate 3411 is provided on the side of the liquid storage box 341 facing away from the battery pack 2. The heat-conducting plate 3411 abuts against the outer wall of the housing 1 where the exchange groove 14 is provided. A heat exchange tube 441 is embedded in the second cooling plate 44. One end of the heat exchange tube 441 is connected to the output end of the water pump 42, and the other end of the heat exchange tube 441 is connected to the cooling box 41.

[0070] The flow regulating component 45 includes a mounting sleeve 451, an adjusting plate 452, a bidirectional lead screw 453, and a first motor 454. The mounting sleeve 451 is located at one end of the heat exchange tube 441 near the water pump 42. The adjusting plate 452 is slidably disposed within the mounting sleeve 451. A drain groove 4521 is provided through one side of the adjusting plate 452 along its length. The bidirectional lead screw 453 is rotatably disposed within the mounting sleeve 451. The first motor 454 is fixedly mounted on the mounting sleeve 451. The output end of the first motor 454 is fixedly connected to one end of the bidirectional lead screw 453. The first motor 454 is electrically connected to the controller 12. A connecting part 4522 is fixedly disposed on the adjusting plate 452. The connecting part 4522 is threadedly connected to one end of the bidirectional lead screw 453. Two sets of adjusting plates 452 are provided within the mounting sleeve 451. The two sets of adjusting plates 452 are arranged symmetrically and alternately along the length of the mounting sleeve 451. The two sets of drain grooves 4521 are combined to form a drain hole.

[0071] In this embodiment, multiple sets of second cooling plates 44 are provided, and the number of second cooling plates 44 is the same as the number of liquid storage boxes 341, and the second cooling plates 44 and liquid storage boxes 341 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0072] More specifically, when the output of the hydrogen fuel cell is under overload, the internal temperature of the entire cell will rise rapidly, and local areas will become extremely hot. Even with the intervention of the active cooling component 34, since the entire active cooling component 34 is located inside the hydrogen fuel cell and is a relatively independent cooling system, it becomes somewhat inadequate once the hydrogen fuel cell remains under overload. At this time, the floating plate 333 corresponding to the "high-heat zone" will be completely lifted by the action of the temperature sensing medium 35, and the sensing plate 36 will be in its highest position. The controller 12 will then control the first motor 454 to start. The two sets of regulating plates 452 are brought closer together, reducing the diameter of the drain hole and increasing the output power of the water pump 42. At this time, the flow rate of the coolant in the first cooling plate 43 is accelerated, increasing the heat dissipation of the entire housing 1. Meanwhile, in the second cooling plate 44, due to the reduced diameter of the drain hole, the coolant originally injected into the heat dissipation pipe 431 is forced to form a mist-like coolant flow after passing through the drain hole. The atomization turns the coolant into tiny droplets, greatly increasing the contact area with the inner wall of the heat dissipation pipe 431 and its own gas phase, thereby efficiently cooling the coolant in the liquid storage box 341 to cope with the local high heat inside the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0073] In addition, although the atomized coolant can improve the heat exchange efficiency, the flow behavior of the two-phase flow containing both droplets and vapor is extremely complex and unstable. The coalescence and rupture of droplets, and the formation and detachment of vapor bubbles can all cause a surge in pressure in the entire cooling system, resulting in pressure pulsation. At this time, the pressure relief box 46 installed on the cooling box 41 can effectively distribute the sudden surge in pressure and provide a buffer space for the coolant that has vaporized due to heat exchange, so that it can be cooled back into liquid and flow back into the cooling box 41.

[0074] Under normal conditions, both the first cooling plate 43 and the second cooling plate 44 are in the open state to control the temperature of the entire hydrogen fuel cell. However, once the hydrogen fuel cell is under continuous overload, the second cooling plate 44 will also increase its cooling power to cope with the local high heat inside.

[0075] The implementation principle of a high-power hydrogen fuel cell with a high-efficiency heat dissipation structure in this application embodiment is as follows: The high-power hydrogen fuel cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy through a hydrogen-oxygen electrochemical reaction. During operation, hydrogen and oxygen enter the battery pack 2 through the interface of the end cap 11 of the shell 1, and diffuse to both sides of the proton exchange membrane in the flow channel of the bipolar plate 21. Hydrogen dissociates into protons (H+) in the anode catalyst layer. + ) and electrons (e - Protons pass through the exchange membrane to reach the cathode, and electrons output electrical energy through the external circuit; oxygen combines with protons and electrons in the cathode catalyst layer to generate water and release heat.

[0076] As the reaction continues, the temperature of the bipolar plate 21 rises, and the serpentine cooling tube 31 embedded inside it absorbs heat. The coolant inside the tube becomes less dense due to heat and naturally rises to the larger-diameter buffer tube 32 under the drive of the thermosiphon effect. The low-temperature coolant then sinks to replenish it, forming a closed loop of "cooling tube 31 → buffer tube 32 → cooling tube 31" to achieve basic heat dissipation.

[0077] When the battery operates under high intensity, causing a sharp rise in local temperature, the heat from the buffer tube 32 is conducted to the sealed cover 332, causing the temperature sensing medium 35 to expand and push the floating plate 333 upward, bringing the sensing element 36 closer to the eddy current sensor on the outside of the housing 1. This causes the controller 12 to start the micro pumps 342. One micro pump 342 draws low-temperature coolant from the reservoir 341 and injects it into the buffer tube 32, while the other micro pump 342 draws high-temperature coolant in the opposite direction. The flow-limiting plug 372 in the middle of the buffer tube 32 forces the coolant to flow through the entire cooling tube 31 by blocking the connecting hole 3211, forming a forced circulation loop of "reservoir 341 → buffer tube 32 → cooling tube 31 → reservoir 341". The pump power dynamically increases the real-time output power of the micro pump 342 as the temperature rises, specifically eliminating the "heat island".

[0078] If the battery continues to be overloaded, causing the sensing plate 36 to rise to its highest position, the controller 12 will simultaneously perform dual enhanced heat dissipation: on the one hand, it will increase the real-time output power of the water pump 42 to accelerate the circulation of coolant in the first cooling plate 43 covering the top of the housing 1; on the other hand, it will drive the flow regulating component 45 to narrow the drain hole, so that the coolant entering the heat exchange tube 441 of the second cooling plate 44 will be atomized and sprayed, which will greatly improve the heat exchange efficiency with the heat conduction plate 3411 of the high-heat storage box 341. When the gas-liquid two-phase flow generated by atomized cooling causes pressure pulsation, the high-pressure airflow will push open the sealing cap 49 of the pressure relief box 46, push the piston plate 47 to compress the spring energy storage buffer, and after the gaseous coolant condenses and liquefies, it will flow back to the cooling box 41 through the one-way valve 463 to ensure the stability of the system pressure.

[0079] Throughout the process, the controller 12 monitors the position of the sensor 36 in real time and intelligently coordinates the three-level heat dissipation mechanism of natural circulation, active pump drive, and atomization cooling, as well as pressure relief protection, to ensure that the battery operates efficiently within the safe temperature range.

[0080] This application also discloses an application method for a high-power hydrogen fuel cell with a high-efficiency heat dissipation structure, which includes the following steps:

[0081] S1. Adaptive cooling: When the hydrogen fuel cell is working, the bipolar plate 21 generates a large amount of heat due to the electrochemical reaction. The heat is transferred to the cooling pipe 31 embedded in the bipolar plate 21, which heats the coolant in the cooling pipe 31, so that it forms a self-circulating cooling loop due to the thermosiphon effect.

[0082] S2. Local high temperature detection: The temperature of the buffer tube 32 continues to rise. The heat is conducted to the sealing cover 332 through the heat-conducting base plate 331. The temperature sensing medium 35 expands due to heat, pushing the floating plate 333 to move upward, which in turn drives the sensing plate 36 to the position detection sensor 334 close to the outer wall of the housing 1.

[0083] S3. Active response: The controller 12 starts the micro pump 342 to draw coolant from the reservoir 341 and inject it into the buffer tube 32. The coolant flows through the buffer tube 32, which limits the flow direction of the coolant by the flow restrictor 37. The coolant is forced to flow through the entire cooling tube 31. The higher the temperature, the higher the floating plate 333 rises and the closer the sensing plate 36 is to the sensor. The controller 12 dynamically increases the power of the micro pump 342 to increase the coolant flow rate.

[0084] S4. Overload and high temperature detection: If the battery continues to be overloaded, the temperature of the local "heat island" area will rise sharply. The floating plate 333 will be fully lifted to the highest position. The sensing plate 36 will trigger the maximum threshold signal of the position detection sensor 334. The controller 12 will increase the output power of the water pump 42 and accelerate the flow of the circulating coolant through the first cooling plate 43 to enhance the heat dissipation of the entire battery.

[0085] S5. Controller 12 starts water pump 42 and increases power to accelerate coolant circulation. It also controls the first motor 454 to drive the bidirectional lead screw 453 to bring the two adjusting plates 452 closer together, narrowing the drain hole diameter. The coolant flowing through the narrowed drain hole is atomized to form atomized droplets with a high specific surface area. The atomized droplets enter the heat exchange tube 441 of the second cooling plate 44 and exchange heat efficiently with the heat conduction plate 3411 of the liquid storage box 341, rapidly cooling the local hot area.

[0086] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A high-power hydrogen fuel cell with a high-efficiency heat dissipation structure, characterized in that, The application relates to a battery pack cooling device. The battery pack cooling device comprises a shell, a battery pack, an internal cooling assembly, and a temperature sensing element. The shell is arranged as a hollow box with an open end, and an end cover is arranged on the open end of the shell. The end cover is provided with a controller. The battery pack is formed by stacking a plurality of battery units. Each battery unit comprises a bipolar plate and a proton exchange membrane.

2. The high-power hydrogen fuel cell with high-efficiency heat dissipation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bipolar plate is arranged between two adjacent proton exchange membranes.

3. The high-power hydrogen fuel cell with high-efficiency heat dissipation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two side surfaces of the bipolar plate are respectively provided with an anode flow channel and a cathode flow channel for distributing reaction gas and conducting current. A connecting piece is arranged on the side of the end cover away from the controller. A plurality of battery packs are arranged and sequentially stacked on the end cover through the connecting piece. The internal cooling assembly comprises a cooling pipe, a buffer pipe, a temperature sensing element, and an active cooling element. The cooling pipe is embedded in the bipolar plate. The buffer pipe is arranged on the bipolar plate and above the cooling pipe. The buffer pipe and the cooling pipe are in communication. Cooling liquid is injected into the buffer pipe and the cooling pipe. The buffer pipes of adjacent battery packs are in communication. The temperature sensing element is arranged on the buffer pipe. The active cooling element is arranged on one side of the temperature sensing element. The active cooling element comprises a liquid storage box and a micro pump. The liquid storage box is arranged on the battery pack and filled with cooling liquid. The micro pump is arranged on one side of the liquid storage box and electrically connected to the controller. The output end of the micro pump is in communication with the buffer pipe. The input end of the micro pump is in communication with the liquid storage box. The temperature sensing element can detect the temperature change of the cooling liquid in the buffer pipe. When the temperature of the cooling liquid in the buffer pipe rises, the controller controls the micro pump to inject the cooling liquid in the liquid storage box into the cooling pipe. The temperature sensing element comprises a heat-conducting base plate, a sealing cover, and a floating plate. The heat-conducting base plate is arranged on the buffer pipe. The sealing cover is fixedly arranged on the heat-conducting base plate. The floating plate is slidingly arranged in the sealing cover. A temperature sensing medium is arranged between the floating plate and the heat-conducting base plate. An inductive sheet is arranged on the floating plate. A position detection sensor is arranged on the outer wall of the shell and electrically connected to the controller. The inductive sheet can act on the position detection sensor. When the heat-conducting base plate is heated, the temperature sensing medium expands and lifts the floating plate. The position detection sensor detects the inductive sheet and controls the micro pump to inject the cooling liquid in the liquid storage box into the cooling pipe. A flow limiting element is arranged in the buffer pipe to limit the flow direction of the cooling liquid. The flow limiting element comprises a mounting frame and a flow limiting plug. A partition plate is fixedly arranged in the buffer pipe. A communication hole is arranged on the partition plate. The mounting frame is fixedly arranged in the communication hole. The flow limiting plug is slidingly inserted into the mounting frame. A anti-dropping part is arranged on one end of the flow limiting plug. A plugging part is arranged on the other end of the flow limiting plug and plugs the communication hole.

4. The high-power hydrogen fuel cell with high-efficiency heat dissipation structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The temperature sensing piece further comprises a limiting ring, which is slidingly arranged in the sealing cover, is arranged above the floating plate, and is provided with a limiting spring on a side away from the floating plate, one end of the limiting spring is fixedly connected with the limiting ring, and the other end of the limiting spring is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the sealing cover.

5. The high-power hydrogen fuel cell with high-efficiency heat dissipation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Further comprising an external heat dissipation assembly, the external heat dissipation assembly comprises a cooling box, a water pump and a first cooling plate, the shell is provided with a support frame, the cooling box and the water pump are fixedly arranged on the support frame, the water pump is arranged on one side of the cooling box, the water pump is electrically connected with the controller, the input end of the water pump is communicated with the cooling box, the first cooling plate is fixedly arranged on the shell, a heat dissipation pipe is embedded in the first cooling plate, both ends of the heat dissipation pipe extend out of the first cooling plate, one end of the heat dissipation pipe is communicated with the output end of the water pump, and the other end of the heat dissipation pipe is communicated with the cooling box.

6. The high-power hydrogen fuel cell with high-efficiency heat dissipation structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The external heat dissipation assembly further comprises a second cooling plate, an exchange groove is formed in the shell, the second cooling plate is arranged in the exchange groove, a heat conduction plate is arranged on a side of the liquid storage box away from the battery pack, the heat conduction plate abuts against the outer wall of the shell in which the exchange groove is formed, a heat exchange pipe is embedded in the second cooling plate, both ends of the heat exchange pipe extend out of the second cooling plate, one end of the heat exchange pipe is communicated with the output end of the water pump, and the other end of the heat exchange pipe is communicated with the cooling box.

7. The high-power hydrogen fuel cell with high-efficiency heat dissipation structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: One end of the heat exchange pipe close to the output end of the water pump is provided with a flow adjusting piece, the flow adjusting piece comprises a mounting sleeve, an adjusting plate, a bidirectional screw rod and a first motor, the mounting sleeve is arranged at one end of the heat exchange pipe close to the water pump, the adjusting plate is slidingly arranged in the mounting sleeve, a liquid discharge groove is formed in one side of the adjusting plate in the length direction, the bidirectional screw rod is rotationally arranged in the mounting sleeve, the first motor is fixedly arranged on the mounting sleeve, the output end of the first motor is fixedly connected with one end of the bidirectional screw rod, the first motor is electrically connected with the controller, a connecting part is fixedly arranged on the adjusting plate, the connecting part is threadedly connected with one end of the bidirectional screw rod, and two groups of the adjusting plates are arranged in the mounting sleeve.

8. The high-power hydrogen fuel cell with high-efficiency heat dissipation structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: A pressure relief box is arranged on the cooling box, a first connecting pipe and a second connecting pipe are fixedly arranged on the pressure relief box, the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe are both communicated with the cooling box, a piston plate is slidingly arranged in the pressure relief box, a supporting spring is arranged on the piston plate, one end of the supporting spring is fixedly connected with the piston plate, and the other end of the supporting spring is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the pressure relief box.

9. The high-power hydrogen fuel cell with high-efficiency heat dissipation structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first connecting pipe is provided with a blocking cap at one end close to the pressure relief box, the first connecting pipe extends into the pressure relief box at the one end close to the pressure relief box, a sealing layer is fixedly arranged in the blocking cap, the blocking cap is made of high-density material, a plurality of groups of exhaust holes are arranged on the blocking cap, the blocking cap covers the one end of the first connecting pipe extending into the pressure relief box, and a one-way valve is arranged on the second connecting pipe.

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