Device and method for cleaning a blade ring or components thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and a method for cleaning a cutter ring or components thereof during the maintenance of the cutter ring of a cutter ring cutting machine for comminuting material, in which at least replaceable blades are arranged on the periphery of the cutter ring (1), which blades can be replaced directly or as blade groups (4, 5), the blade group at least comprises blades with clamping plates, and the cutter ring (1) is further provided with at least two coaxial rings and blade seats and / or wear-resistant plates arranged between the rings. According to the invention, the device is designed in such a way that a groove (6) for a liquid tank (3) is provided for cleaning the component, component and / or knife ring (1), a hydrostatic column (1637) being formed in the liquid tank (3) or in the groove (3), the component, component or knife ring (1) at least partially being able to be introduced into or through the hydrostatic column (1637).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a device for cleaning a knife ring of a knife ring chipper for comminuting material according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

[0002] The invention also relates to a method for cleaning a knife ring of a knife ring chipper for comminuting material according to the preamble of patent claim 15.

[0003] For the manufacture of material boards, for example particle boards or OSB boards, wood in the form of wood chips has to be provided. For this purpose, a knife ring chipper, as known for example from DE 199 07 415 B4 or DE 10 2015 005 642 A1, can be used. After chipping, the material is delivered to a plant for the manufacture of material boards. There, the comminuted material is, if necessary, dried, glued and spread into press charges, and finally pressed into material boards, preferably in a continuous working press.

[0004] Sharpening devices and cleaning devices for knife rings are known from DE 197 18 681 A1, DE 199 00 924 A1, DE 199 01 887 A1 and DE 10 2015 003 520 B4. With these devices, the knife ring can be prepared or maintained. This means that the blades or blade sets are usually removed from the knife ring, inspected and sharpened and reattached. In the event of reaching the wear limit, the respective tool part (knife part) is replaced. Subsequently, the knife ring is again ready for use for chipping and can be installed in a knife ring chipper.

[0005] A semi-automatic preparation device is known from DE 101 17 480 A1, in which the blade sets are removed manually from the knife ring and delivered to an automated device for sharpening.

[0006] The known cleaning devices have essentially proven to be effective, but still have room for improvement. These cleaning devices are designed as independent cleaning devices and require a separate machine or corresponding space for the execution of the cleaning. In particular, it is disadvantageous that the cleaning devices work with hydraulically over-pressurized brushes, so that corresponding encapsulations have to be carried out, so that other devices in the vicinity are not contaminated or wetted. Furthermore, although coarse dirt and foreign bodies are usually removed, they often remain hanging at the bosses or undercuts uncontrollably. Furthermore, in order to achieve a good cleaning result, a great deal of expenditure has to be made in the movement mechanism of the brushes or high-pressure nozzles. For example, brushes or linearly oriented high-pressure cleaners cannot reach all undercuts and have to be moved back and forth in a step-by-step manner, if necessary. Cleaning by means of laser application has also been tried at that time.

[0007] However, the adhering dirt on the surface can further accumulate over time and subsequently contaminate other device components, such as the delivery section or the sharpening device. Here, too, rapid wear and tear and high maintenance costs occur, while the cleaning performance is to be improved.

[0008] It is the task of the present invention to propose a device and a method with which the cleaning result can be improved, if necessary the cycle times related to the maintenance and preparation of the knife ring are improved, while the expenditure in terms of construction is minimized.

[0009] In an extension of the task, the cleaning of the knife ring should take place during the removal and installation of the blades or blade sets, preferably during the automated maintenance or preparation of the knife ring.

[0010] The term maintenance or preparation (Rüsten) refers to finishing, treatment, cleaning or similar processes, such as the removal of the blades, the sharpening of the blades and the insertion of the sharpened blades at the knife ring, which are suitable to bring the exchangeable prepared knife ring again into a usable state and / or to exchange it for other application cases. The knife ring consists mainly of two spaced apart rings and the blades mounted between them or at them. The blades can also exist as blade sets, consisting of a blade and a clamping plate. In most cases a carrier, a blade seat (blade receptacle) and / or a wear plate and if necessary also other mechanically elements which are also statically carried are provided. Some or all of these mechanical elements / components can be replaced, finished or repositioned in their position during the preparation process, either individually or as an assembly, in order to prepare the knife ring for subsequent or renewed use in the chip removal machine or to maintain the knife ring for renewed use.

[0011] In the present invention, components or assemblies refer to additional components or replacement components of the knife ring, which can be cleaned together with the knife ring or separately from the knife ring. For example, in the device for cleaning not only the knife ring, but also the blade sets (as assemblies) or the blades (as components) can be cleaned individually. Other individual components are for example blade holders or blade seats (blade carriers), wear plates and the like. Furthermore, parts of the assemblies / components can be cleaned in combination or in the mounted state at the knife ring. However, it is clear that the components / assemblies cover certain areas of the knife ring or vice versa are themselves protected from the cleaning effect, so that it makes sense to clean the components / assemblies "again" after disassembly. Likewise, it can make sense to clean the assemblies / components before installation, in order to wash off oil or other adhering resins, foreign bodies, chemicals or metal chips from the initial forming / sharpening. The mounting screws for the components / assemblies can also be cleaned individually or in their pre-mounted or mounted state, in order to improve the engagement of the automatic screwdriver. The pre-mounted state means that the screws are only partially screwed out of the thread in order to loosen one component, one assembly, but in other cases the screws are still left in the thread.

[0012] The liquid bath preferably can have water as dissolvable liquid, in which cleaning agents and other media are dissolved, or in which dirt is dissolved. In the following, although the term "water" is used predominantly, this is not to be regarded as a limitation of the explanation, since other liquids can also assume the necessary properties as solvent and / or cleaning agent and thus be a liquid bath. Furthermore, the liquid bath can also be inhomogeneous or stratified, for example, an oil layer can be present at the surface, which preferably leaves an oil film on the components taken out or passed through. In the case of a multi-layer application, corresponding sensor means can also be provided for the regulation of the individual layers. Thus, emulsions and suspensions can also be applied in the liquid bath.

[0013] The cleaning can be carried out radially inside and radially outside or simultaneously, for which purpose means adapted for cleaning and / or supporting the cleaning are to be provided radially inside and / or outside the knife ring. This applies correspondingly on one side or on both sides for the components or assemblies.

[0014] A device of the type described can be a device for cleaning a knife ring or components or assemblies thereof of a knife ring chipper for comminuting material. In particular, the cleaning is to be carried out in the course of a maintenance or preparation of the knife ring. Here, at least alternatively, blades are provided at the periphery of the knife ring, which are directly replaceable or indirectly as blade sets, which at least comprise blades with clamping plates, wherein the knife ring also has at least two coaxial rings and blade seats and / or wear plates arranged therebetween.

[0015] For the device, the task of the present application is solved by providing a trough for a liquid bath for cleaning the components, assemblies and / or the knife ring, wherein a hydrostatic column is formed in the liquid bath or in the trough, in which the components, assemblies or the knife ring can be introduced at least partially or can be passed through.

[0016] By providing a liquid bath, a number of advantages are created with respect to the prior art.

[0017] a) The environment does not have to be protected in the area of the fluid high-pressure cleaning by complex encapsulation and sealing, preferably, if necessary, a simple splash guard or a supporting baffle is sufficient for the water movement that escapes.

[0018] b1) The liquid bath reaches everywhere uniformly to the knife ring, the components or assemblies and can also produce a cleaning effect on sticky or greasy surfaces over time there. This applies in particular when nozzle cleaning and / or ultrasonic cleaning is carried out in water.

[0019] b2) The liquid bath is preferably embodied such that the lower region of the stationary knife ring is immersed in the water bath and is particularly preferably rotated through there. The rotation can be carried out continuously or in sections. The stationary knife ring here has a substantially horizontal orientation of its axis of rotation.

[0020] b3) The blade ring may be partially, preferably completely and / or laid flat, immersed in the water tank with the axis of rotation vertical.

[0021] (b4) When the cutter ring is partially submerged in the pool, it can be guided or rotated through the pool once or multiple times in succession to soften the dirt. For example, the cutter ring can be guided through the water completely once, then clean one or more sub-sections (immersion), and if necessary, the cutter ring can be rotated again, preferably completely. Dripping water can be returned directly to the pool or guided into the pool.

[0022] b5) The blade ring can be rotated through water in sections or completely before disassembling the component. The blade ring can be rotated through water in sections or completely after disassembling the component. The blade ring can be rotated through water in sections or completely before installing the component. In all cases, the cleaning effect of the cleaning agent or other auxiliary agents (drying / lubrication) can be activated as needed.

[0023] c) By selecting appropriate cleaning agents, the cleaning effect can be enhanced and / or correspondingly complemented to the cleaning effect.

[0024] d) Undercutting will not result in areas with almost no cleaning effect.

[0025] e) Foreign matter or other abrasive foreign substances can be reliably dissolved and removed in water without causing scratches or damage to the cutter ring, parts or components as an abrasive material under high pressure.

[0026] f) In a preferred embodiment, cleaning devices can be used underwater, which are able to perform their cleaning effect gently without splashing the surrounding environment.

[0027] g) The method and apparatus can be set up arbitrarily without much additional cost, and can be partially set up on a large pallet or transport vehicle, and are particularly preferred for knife rings.

[0028] h) In a particularly preferred embodiment, multiple devices for the cutter ring, components, and / or assemblies may be provided. For example, in a maintenance unit and preparation unit (maintenance unit) for the cutter ring. The various devices can be interconnected using fluid and filtration technologies, allowing for centralized removal of separated contaminants in one location and centralized provision of corresponding additives.

[0029] i) The mounting or support surface of the blade or blade assembly at the cutter ring can be optimally cleaned either on the cutter ring itself or at the blade / blade assembly to ensure precise adherence to pre-defined dimensions when adjusting the blade boss, especially in automated preparation operations. Furthermore, this also applies to the installation / removal of wear plates at the cutter ring, which typically do not require frequent adjustments, resharpening, and / or replacement.

[0030] j) Non-stationary liquid pools, such as those shaped by devices for moving water, significantly improve cleaning effectiveness, particularly without the high risk of environmental pollution. Here, the spray nozzle can selectively "push" the fluid or water for cleaning, or act as a high-pressure cleaner relative to the surface.

[0031] In this context, at least one cleaning device can be installed inside or below the surface of the liquid pool, preferably at least one rotating brush and / or a spray nozzle and / or an ultrasonic exciter. While this creates an uneven surface, it avoids a splashed environment.

[0032] The brush can be used for mechanical cleaning or pre-cleaning, while the spray nozzle can be directly aimed at the surface to be cleaned, serving not only to generate eddies and introduce the necessary force for cleaning, but also to remove and dissolve dirt. Preferably, the cleaned water is atomized through the spray nozzle, particularly preferably heated water. Here, with appropriate settings, no splashing effect on the environment is expected.

[0033] Ultrasonic cleaning can also be performed, either supportively or independently, using an ultrasonic exciter, which, when combined with higher temperatures and flow, can achieve excellent cleaning results.

[0034] Alternatively or cumulatively, a temperature control device, preferably a heat exchanger or heater, can be installed to heat the water used in the liquid pool, rinsing nozzles, spray nozzles, and / or jet nozzles. The increased temperature significantly improves cleaning effectiveness by enhancing the chemical activity of the detergent or the chemical and physical absorption capacity of the water.

[0035] Heating the dirt creates thermal stress relative to the cooler material, which in turn supports cleaning performance.

[0036] Furthermore, at least one circulation system can be provided for the liquid in the liquid tank, wherein a heat exchanger, pump, one or more filters (depending on the amount of fouling), chemical treatment device, and / or an oil skimmer for cleaning the surface of the liquid tank are preferably provided. Particularly preferably, a sensing mechanism for a control or regulating device for circulation can be provided to control or regulate the water column, temperature, water quality, pH value, and / or salt content in the tank. Good circulation of the liquid tank, along with regular monitoring, regulation, and cleaning, improves water quality and cleaning effectiveness, and is particularly advantageous in ultrasonic applications.

[0037] Spray nozzles, rinsing nozzles, heating units, and / or drying units can be located outside the liquid tank, on the inlet side, and / or the outlet side. Pre-cleaning can improve cleaning performance or increase the flow rate per unit time (throughput). This is particularly useful when the cleaning agent, preferably in a highly concentrated form, can soften the dirt before entering the liquid tank. Post-cleaning is used to rinse away water or cleaning agent or attached dirt particles contained in the water. Preferably, the blade ring is dried, especially when installing, removing, and / or adjusting parts or components.

[0038] Induction heaters and / or convection heaters can serve as heating devices for the blade ring, components, and / or assemblies, preferably located on the inlet side and preferably outside the liquid pool. Due to the mass of the blade ring or components, preheating may be necessary to prevent temperature loss in the liquid pool and / or to operate the liquid pool or cleaning process within a pre-set temperature window. Convection heaters or induction heaters are particularly suitable. Alternatively or additionally, an impact load on the liquid pool, i.e., preventative heating to a higher temperature, may also be provided, especially when the blade ring is first immersed.

[0039] Alternatively, the slot and / or the bracket for the cutter ring can be height-adjustable via a lifting device. Here, the cutter ring can be immersed in the slot through height adjustment.

[0040] Advantageously, cleaning can be carried out on a transport vehicle for the cutter rings along the path from the cutter ring chipper to the maintenance or storage unit. Such transport units typically cannot travel too fast in the workshop for safety reasons, thus water spillage is minimal. Pots or accessories can be appropriately placed on the transport vehicle. Such transport vehicles can be autonomously (self-sufficiently) powered by rechargeable batteries or equivalent alternatives, such as wirelessly. Furthermore, cutter ring components, such as blades, can be guided through or placed into appropriate liquid pools in their detached state. The same applies to the corresponding assemblies. Advantageously, surfaces inaccessible in the installed state can also be cleaned via one or more slots.

[0041] Alternatively or additionally, one or more cleaning devices or tanks may be provided in a preparation device with a rotating rack, preferably so that parts or components can be disassembled or assembled and, if necessary, cleaned in the process.

[0042] Alternatively or additionally, one or more cleaning devices or tanks may be integrated into a processing unit for the blade assembly, where the blade assembly is cleaned as a separate component (blade, clamp) or as a component before or after its installation or removal.

[0043] For heavily contaminated cutter rings, especially in ultrasonic applications, it may be advantageous to pre-remove coarse and potentially easily removable contaminants to minimize fouling in the liquid pool over time. For this purpose, cleaning devices can be provided for coarse cleaning or pre-cleaning of the cutter rings, parts, and / or assemblies.

[0044] In the area of ​​the surface of the liquid pool, preferably directly below the surface, at least one damper may be provided to suppress surface turbulence in order to avoid excessive fluctuations or overflow of the liquid pool.

[0045] In the liquid pool, preferably below or near the surface, a reflector for reflecting and / or guiding ultrasonic waves can be provided, for example for deflection at the inside of the blade ring.

[0046] Therefore, this measure is suitable for optimizing ultrasonic effects in relatively large liquid pools and / or directing ultrasonic waves toward the area to be cleaned.

[0047] Alternatively or additionally, for cleaning the radially inner side of the cutter ring, a device for processing and / or cleaning the cutter ring on the inlet or outlet side is provided, which is particularly preferred to include a spray nozzle, a rinsing nozzle, a drying unit, an ultrasonic exciter with or without a reflector, a jet nozzle, a brush, and / or a damper.

[0048] In addition to unilateral cleaning on the outer side of the cutter ring, extended cleaning on the radially inner side of the cutter ring may also be advantageous, or vice versa. Inner cleaning, such as cleaning of the wear-resistant plate, can also have a positive impact on the crushing process or cutting conditions and reduce subsequent build-up. Accordingly, depending on the application, it may also be considered necessary to clean only the inner side. However, it is particularly preferred that bilateral treatment of the cutter ring, component, or assembly is considered meaningful, and each individual cleaning or processing device can be used unilaterally or bilaterally.

[0049] The blade ring can be moved from the side above the liquid pool, indicating that the inner device is in place, or the blade ring is positioned and the device swings or moves inward.

[0050] When the cutter ring is hoisted into the device from above by a crane or forklift, it is also necessary to perform an inward swinging or positioning operation of the internal device.

[0051] It is also conceivable that the externally located device swings or moves from the first waiting position to the working position only after the cutter ring is positioned on or in the receiving part (seat). This can be done automatically or mechanically, both internally and externally. For example, not only manually, but also through a preload mechanism triggered by the weight of the cutter ring, thereby bringing the corresponding device into its working position.

[0052] This method, as prior art, originates from a method for cleaning a cutter ring or its parts or components during the maintenance of a cutter ring chipper used for crushing materials, wherein blades are alternatively provided at least at the periphery of the cutter ring, these blades may be directly mounted on the cutter ring or indirectly mounted as a blade assembly, the blade assembly including at least one blade with a clamping plate, wherein the cutter ring also has at least two coaxial rings and a blade seat and / or wear plate disposed therebetween.

[0053] The objective of this invention is achieved by cleaning components, assemblies, and / or blade rings in a liquid pool, wherein the liquid pool has a column of static water in the tank, and the components, assemblies, or blade rings are at least partially and preferably immersed in or through the column of static water for a predetermined time.

[0054] Preferably, cleaning is performed in a liquid pool, preferably below its surface, by a cleaning device, preferably by at least one rotating brush, spray nozzle, and / or ultrasonic support or execution.

[0055] Cleaning can be supported by heating parts, components, blade rings, and / or liquid pools to above room temperature.

[0056] Cleaning agents, preservatives and / or degreasers can be used, preferably dissolved in a liquid pool or as additives.

[0057] Preferably, the water in the liquid pool is guided, cleaned, deionized, and / or desalinated in a circulation process.

[0058] Reasonably, the water column, temperature, water quality, pH value and / or salt content can be controlled or regulated by control or regulation devices.

[0059] Components, parts, and / or blade rings may be rinsed, heated, and / or dried after leaving the liquid pool.

[0060] Alternatively or additionally, the components, assemblies, and / or blade rings may be heated and / or coated with a cleaning liquid before being immersed in the liquid pool, preferably preheated and / or having a concentration higher than that in the liquid pool.

[0061] Alternatively or additionally, the cutter ring may undergo coarse cleaning before being cleaned in the liquid pool, wherein, preferably, when using a liquid for high-pressure coarse cleaning, the liquid is pre-filtered before being delivered to the liquid pool. These pre-filters may be one or more, and are preferably designed according to the expected level of contamination in the water or the level of contamination in the cutter ring.

[0062] Alternatively or additionally, liquid from the areas of spray nozzles, flushing nozzles, and / or drying units may be delivered to a liquid pool, or these devices may be positioned above or used there. Individual devices or processing methods may be used on one or both sides relative to a component or assembly. Regarding the cutter ring, these devices or processing methods are applied to the inner and / or outer sides of the cutter ring.

[0063] Cleaning can be carried out in or on the transport vehicle used for the cutter ring, preferably during transport from the cutter ring chipper to the preparation device.

[0064] Cleaning can be performed in the preparation device used for installing and removing blades or blade sets.

[0065] Cleaning of parts or components can be carried out in the processing section for blades or blade sets.

[0066] As a particularly preferred embodiment of the method, the blade ring can be at least partially cleaned in a liquid pool before the blade or blade assembly is removed, wherein the blade or blade assembly is subsequently removed, the blade ring is again cleaned in the liquid pool for the exposed areas, particularly the blade holder, without the blade or blade assembly, and then a new blade or sharp blade assembly is installed at the blade ring.

[0067] Other alternative suggestions for improving the invention are listed or described below, which may improve the apparatus or method individually or in combination:

[0068] The liquid pool or liquid, particularly depending on the additives, can have a temperature of approximately 30°C to 85°C during use. Preferably, the operating range is between approximately 40°C and 50°C, especially to optimize the relationship between necessary energy input and achievable benefits through improved cleaning performance. Simultaneously, this temperature selection provides a lower risk of injury to personnel.

[0069] Depending on the application and the properties of the water or fluid, temperatures exceeding 85 degrees Celsius can also be used.

[0070] When cleaning the blade ring, it is preferable to immerse three, five, seven, or nine blades, blade sets, or their holding areas or blade seats, with the associated wear-resistant plates if necessary. This statement should only be considered conditionally limiting; to achieve a cleaning effect through the action of liquids or water, it is preferable to immerse as much of the blade ring as possible.

[0071] All cleaning devices or cleaning support devices may be located on the radially inner and / or outer sides, or, in the case of components, on one or both sides.

[0072] Cleaning agents, dirt dissolving agents, preservatives and / or degreasers can be used in water.

[0073] Wastewater can be settled or filtered in its own tank, and automated partial or full water changes are also available, especially considering the degree of contamination or cleaning cycle.

[0074] In the maintenance unit, an industrial robot or assistant can deliver blades or blade sets to a chain conveyor, warehouse, or a circulating elevator (bucket elevator, patronoster). The conveyor can transport the blades or blade sets through the same liquid pool as the blade rings to be cleaned for cleaning, or it can have its own designated liquid pool.

[0075] Alternatively, the storage unit for blades or blade sets can be implemented such that incoming parts / assemblies are guided through a separate cleaning device and can be cleaned and output accordingly based on a first-in, first-out (FIFO) principle. This is particularly advantageous in maintenance centers for blade rings that have automated warehouse management and a blade sharpening department.

[0076] Cleaning can also be meaningfully applied before, during, or after the blades, inserts, and clamps are assembled into a blade assembly, or before, during, or after their installation in the cutter ring, to remove, for example, residues from the blades, clamps, or blade assemblies resulting from sharpening or grinding, dirt from storage or wear, lubricants, etc. Cleaning the receiving (seat) areas or wear plates on the blade / blade assembly side and the cutter ring side is also advantageous when the blades / blade assemblies are to be set in the cutter ring with an accuracy of one-tenth of a millimeter. It is advantageous to clean the mounting surfaces or contact surfaces and / or components, such as blades, blade assemblies, and the like, prior to installation, allowing for dimensionally accurate installation, preferably automated installation.

[0077] For surface sloshing or wave-like movements in the liquid pool, splash guards or baffles can be installed above the tank. These primarily guide water back into the tank or suppress restless (unstable) surfaces, which can be achieved by immersion if necessary.

[0078] Laminar flow improves cleaning performance by separating and rapidly removing dissolved contaminants. In ultrasonic applications, the flow supports the action of cavitation bubbles on the surface of the blade ring.

[0079] Advantageously, the water may also contain microspheres that are rubbed off dirt at the blade ring, parts, and / or components by a jet nozzle.

[0080] The reflector or slot can be used or implemented as a splash shield or as a thermal insulator. The slot can have a thermally insulating material, such as double (layered) walls or other insulators. The slot does not necessarily have to be completely (extensively) closed, but can be refilled or changed from an open state to a closed state during the process or in the device; and vice versa.

[0081] To separate contaminants, one or more pre-filters, liquid filters, coarse filters, suspended solids filters, and / or fine filters can be installed, preferably in the tank, in the circulation, and / or at the inlet. These are designed according to the expected level of contamination or the amount of contaminants generated. The inlet or feed for circulation in the liquid tank can be located above or below the surface. Contaminant separation can be achieved through various paths or openings, such as by means of surface liquid separation, coarse screens, floats, oil separators, or suspended solids and / or heavy object separators. A cleaning gun can clean the tank internally during or outside of operation and is preferably connected to the circulation or set up as (another) inlet. The tank can have a recess or slope at the bottom, thereby allowing for better suction or cleaning of heavy objects or contaminants. Preferably, the outlet of the circulation is located at the bottom of the tank, most preferably at the deepest point, or has a bottom that slopes downwards towards the outlet.

[0082] In one particular embodiment, at least one camera or other suitable analysis device is provided for evaluating, monitoring, and / or controlling cleaning quality, preferably effectively connected to a control or adjustment device.

[0083] For example, the surfaces of components, assemblies, or blade rings can be inspected at the outlet after cleaning through the liquid pool to ensure they are sufficiently clean or reflective. Alternatively, the appearance or results of the surfaces can be compared over time or during the cleaning process to identify quality deterioration or improvement. Furthermore, water quality, filter flow resistance, or similar factors can be monitored, and, if necessary, at least partial replacement of the liquid and / or additives can be monitored.

[0084] It may be appropriate to spray the blade ring or a portion thereof with a liquid after or during a cleaning cycle (segmented movement or full cleaning process), the liquid being suitable for producing a beading (roll-off) effect or causing a self-drying of the blade ring, typically soft water with low or no surface tension.

[0085] Therefore, advantageously, when the cutter ring is partially immersed, it can be rotated continuously or in sections before, after, or during cleaning. Preferably, such sections are equal to or slightly smaller than the immersed section of the cutter ring. The cutter ring can be rotated fully or in sections. The cutter ring can be cleaned in its fully installed state (with blades), without blades or blade assemblies and / or without clamps or support surfaces.

[0086] Preferably, the blade ring is cleaned when a new or newly sharpened blade, blade assembly, clamp holder, wear plate, or similar item is to be installed. Particularly preferred is that the component to be installed, at least at the support or contact surface that contacts the blade ring, is also cleaned.

[0087] Other advantageous measures and design features of the subject matter of the invention can be derived from the dependent claims and the following description with accompanying drawings.

[0088] The following diagrams should not be viewed as standalone solutions, but rather as part of a general description and task solution. Individual sentences should be considered as separate features.

[0089] The attached diagram shows:

[0090] Figure 1 This is a schematic side view of an apparatus according to the invention suitable for performing the method, wherein a supported and rotatable blade ring is immersed in a liquid pool provided in a groove below the blade ring;

[0091] Figure 2 This is a side view of a general transport vehicle for cutter rings, showing the cutter rings being supported and a cleaning slot mounted on the general transport vehicle.

[0092] Figure 3 It is a schematic side view of an automated installation and removal device for blades or blade sets;

[0093] Figure 4 It is a schematic top view of an advantageous design of an apparatus or method as part of a preparation device for processing a cutter ring;

[0094] Figure 5 It is based on Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view showing a cleaning device with a blade ring in a trough or liquid pool, radially inside and outside.

[0095] according to Figure 1 The blade ring 1 is at least partially immersed in the tank 6 with the liquid pool 3, wherein preferably at least three, five, seven, or nine blades, or blade groups 4 or 5, should simultaneously be located below the surface 17 of the liquid pool 3, thereby optimizing the cleaning effect during the stepping or continuous movement of the blade ring 1, or allowing the optional cleaning agent to exert its cleaning effect. An ultrasonic exciter 26 and / or other further cleaning devices may be provided in the liquid pool 3 to perform or support cleaning.

[0096] Unlike existing technologies, the components (blades), assemblies (blade sets consisting of blades and clamps), and blade rings 1 with blade holders 18 for blades or blade sets 4, 5 are immersed in liquid pool 3 for a predetermined time for cleaning, rather than being sprayed or brushed.

[0097] The blade ring 1 is placed (supported) on the bracket 16 by a crane (not shown). If the blade ring is pushed onto these brackets 16 from the side of a transport vehicle, for example, it may be necessary for the brackets 16 to be height-adjusted by a lifting device 34, thereby lowering the blade ring 1 to allow it to be immersed in the liquid pool 3. Such adjustment may also be meaningful for different blade rings 1, where the possibility of horizontal adjustment or replacement of the brackets 16 may also be conceivable. If the blade ring is immersed, it can be moved in steps or continuously along the direction of rotation 19. To improve cleaning effectiveness, cleaning agent can be sprayed onto the parts, components, or blade ring 1 through a spray nozzle 30 before it enters the liquid pool 3. The liquid pool forms a still water column 2 in the tank 6. Preferably, an oil skimmer 13 is provided, through which coarse and floating dirt can be separated. The water column 2 or water level can be continuously monitored by a suitable sensing mechanism 25 for level monitoring, in particular ensuring that the area to be cleaned is also submerged below the surface 17 of the liquid pool 3. If necessary, a flushing nozzle 31 is provided on the outlet side, which sprays its own cleaning and, if possible, drying liquid onto the cutter ring 1, parts, or assemblies. Flushing is used to wash away attached dirt or sewage; specifically, the liquid should flow back into the liquid pool 3 or tank 6.

[0098] Preferably, the spray nozzle 30 or rinsing nozzle 31 does not produce any water mist or splash that could harm the environment. Similarly, the drying unit 32 located at the outlet can be implemented as a heater or, for example, as an air curtain or air nozzle. The air nozzle is preferably configured so that moisture can be transferred back into the tank or received by other suitable means (tank, suction device) without wetting the environment or any devices / equipment components present therein. Alternatively or cumulatively, mechanical scrapers, rubber or (rubber) scrapers may also be envisioned.

[0099] When the cutter ring is placed into or removed from the device, all devices, especially those supporting or performing cleaning, can be positioned, moved, and / or swung in radially on both sides, i.e., on the inner and outer sides of the cutter ring. This also applies, for example, to bringing the device closer to the placed cutter ring, and / or to moving or swinging out the radially inner device for the placement of the cutter ring, for example, by using a crane to lift it in or out. Meanwhile, individual cutter rings of different sizes, widths, etc., can also be placed into or cleaned within the device.

[0100] The liquid or water in liquid tank 3 is preferably guided and filtered in a circulation process, in which cleaning spray guns 37, circulation pumps 27, heat exchangers 24, filters 23, and / or desalination devices can be installed. The introduction of the liquid into the liquid tank can be achieved via cleaning spray guns 37, which can be used to clean the internal cleaning tank by water pressure, or formed through inlet 38. Furthermore, other possibilities exist for optimizing water quality, such as adjusting pH or performing deionization.

[0101] Figure 2 The liquid pool 3 or tank 6 is shown mounted on a transport vehicle 20 for the cutter ring 1. The transport vehicle 20 can move the cutter ring 1 from the cutter ring chipper (not shown) to the preparation station 14 or the processing unit 22. Figure 4 The cutter ring 1 can be disassembled into its parts or components. In this case, the cutter ring 1 may have been pre-cleaned or fully cleaned during transport, as automated transport vehicles are typically heavily loaded and relatively slow during transport. Unstable water or an unstable surface 17 can even enhance the cleaning effect of the liquid pool. In this embodiment, at least one spray nozzle 28 is alternatively or supportively installed, which radiates (sprays) the cutter ring, parts, or components in the liquid pool 3 with high pressure. Preferably, the at least one spray nozzle is supplied with fresh, clean water from a circulating system, which is particularly preferably heated. In addition, a brush 29 can be provided, which also supports cleaning. Both devices can also be provided on the radially inner side of the cutter ring 1.

[0102] exist Figure 3 The diagram illustrates an automated installation or removal station with a rotating frame 11 for blades or blade sets 4, 5. A rotating device 15 is provided, which engages with the blade ring 1 and is adapted to rotate the blade ring 1 in steps or continuously according to a pre-defined configuration, while the blade ring is supported by a bracket 16. Preferably, the bracket 16 is implemented as a roller. These brackets can be positioned across the width of the blade ring and preferably have grooves or other guide receptions. Alternatively, the side rings of the blade ring 1 can also be guided in guides or grooves and supported on separate, smaller rollers. The rotating device 15 can also alternatively be integrated into the bracket 16 according to its own embodiment.

[0103] A coarse cleaning component (not shown) can be installed above the liquid pool, which performs coarse cleaning at the rotating blade ring. For dry cleaning, a brush and suction device can be installed here. Advantageously, this results in less contamination of the liquid pool and is optimally suited for stubborn, sticky dirt.

[0104] The screwing device 12 has a plurality of screwing devices spaced apart and arranged across the width of the blade ring 1. These screwing devices are suitable for loosening tightened parts of the blade ring 1 or fixing other parts that are mostly trimmed or sharpened. Preferably, the device or industrial robot 10 is effectively connected to receive the loosened parts and provide trimmed parts. The parts to be removed may be, for example, blunt blades or blunt blade sets 4. The parts to be installed and tightened are correspondingly sharp blades or sharp blade sets 5. The industrial robot 10 then passes the corresponding parts to another liquid pool 3, an existing liquid pool 3 below, a storage device or processing unit 22 ( Figure 4 ( ), where new or repaired parts are provided. For this purpose, the industrial robot has grippers 8 and 9 for holding the parts, according toFigure 1 These components will be blade assemblies 4 and 5. Preferably, grippers 8 and 9 are mounted on a rotatable double gripper 7.

[0105] Alternatively, instead of the lifting device 34 at bracket 16, see [reference needed]. Figure 1 The height of the groove can be adjusted using the lifting device 21. Thus, when the cutter ring 1 is placed on the bracket 16, the cutter ring 1 can be immersed in water by kinematic reversal.

[0106] and Figure 1 and 2 Conversely, in this embodiment, blade assemblies 4 and 5 are not installed in the blade ring 1; instead, the blade ring is guided through the liquid pool solely by its blade holder 18 (for blade assemblies 4 and 5) and, if necessary, by a wear-resistant plate (not shown). This allows surfaces that would not be accessible during the initial cleaning to be cleaned.

[0107] Figure 4 A schematic top view of a preparation device 14 for maintaining, sharpening, and / or adjusting the components of the cutter ring 1 is shown. In this first embodiment, the device has a rotating frame 11 with two supports 16 at the frame 3 for supporting the cutter ring 1. This rotating frame 11 is loaded by a transport vehicle 20 carrying the cutter ring 1, and / or the cutter ring 1 is transported away again after its maintenance, typically after the installation of sharpened blades. The destination can be an automated warehouse or directly for the production of shredded materials; that is, the destination is a cutter ring chipper. The transport vehicle 20 has supports 16, which are also adapted to receive and secure cutter rings 1 of different geometries.

[0108] Alternatively, the cutter rings can also be transported using cranes or forklifts located within the production facility. Immersion of the cutter rings in the liquid pool can also be performed using these cranes or forklifts.

[0109] In terms of technology, replacing a dull blade assembly 4 with a new or sharpened blade assembly 5 can be done in the following manner.

[0110] The blade ring 1 is received in the rotating frame 11 and correspondingly supported on the bracket 16 of the rotating frame 11 by the transport device 33 of the transport vehicle and its support 16. Here, the rotating device 15 is engaged with the blade ring 1, and if necessary, it can be set to zero or uniformly stepped along the direction of rotation based on the fixed mark or fixed point at the blade ring 1 for engagement with the rotating device 15. The blunt blade assembly 4 can be passed through an optional coarse cleaner (not shown), and the rear side (outer periphery) with the screw head that fixes the blade assembly 4 to the blade ring 1 is pre-cleaned. In addition to removing dirt, this also exposes / cleans the screw for subsequent removal operation by the screw-tightening device 12.

[0111] After the cutter ring 1 stops, the automated screw-tightening device 12 moves to the screw and loosens it. Here, the screw remains in the nut of the screw-tightening device 12. The idle grippers 8 and 9 of the industrial robot 10 remove the blade assembly 4 from the cutter ring 1. After swinging to the processing piece 22, the blunt blade assembly 4 is placed there and receives the sharpened blade assembly 5. The industrial robot 10 swings back and transfers or positions the sharpened blade assembly 5 in the cutter ring 1. Then, the screw-tightening device 12 tightens the screw at the new blade assembly 5, disengages the movement, and the rotating device 15 can step to the next blade assembly 4 with blunt blades.

[0112] In an alternative, the blade assembly 4 or 5 can be placed in another liquid pool 3 with a groove 6 before being mounted as a sharp blade assembly 6 into the blade ring 1 or as a blunt blade assembly 4 into the processing unit 22. The industrial robot can also carry the blade assembly as a component or the blades as parts into such a groove 6 or hold them there in the liquid pool 3.

[0113] Regarding another possible cleaning process for the cutter ring, the cutter ring 1 can be cleaned via the liquid pool 3 before the blunt blade assembly 4 is disassembled, if necessary. Alternatively or cumulatively, all blade assemblies 4 can be removed, and the cutter ring can be moved through the liquid pool 3 completely at once with its exposed blade holder 18, after which the preferably similarly cleaned blade assembly 5 is placed back into the cutter ring 1. The possibilities and sequence present very few obstacles in terms of process technology and equipment technology.

[0114] exist Figure 5 The diagram shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the blade ring 1 passing through the groove 6 and immersed in the liquid pool 3. The shaded areas here should represent the cross-sections passing through the blade ring 1, blade assembly 4 or 5, or blade holder 18. Cleaning devices are provided above and below the blade ring, such as the bottom ultrasonic exciter 26 and spray nozzles 28 parallel to or offset from it. Spray nozzles 28 and dampers 35, preferably perforated plates, for calming the water surface are also provided on the radially inner side of the blade ring 1. The perforated plates act as baffles to calm the water flow. The cleaning devices provided on the radially inner side are swing-out or movable, thereby allowing the blade ring to be brought into the liquid pool 3 without friction. Corresponding rinsing nozzles 31 also move in and out accordingly; drying unit 32 or spray nozzle 30 is not shown.

[0115] exist Figure 5 On the right side, there is also an alternative design for the proposed cleaning device for the inner side of the blade ring. For this purpose, either the reflector 36 for reflecting the ultrasonic waves 1637 onto the inner side of the blade ring is brought into the liquid pool, and / or a separate ultrasonic exciter 26 is moved in.

[0116] List of reference numerals in the attached diagram:

[0117] 1. Blade Ring

[0118] 2.3 water column

[0119] 3. Liquid pool

[0120] 4. Dull blade assembly

[0121] 5. Sharp blade assembly

[0122] 6. Slot for 3

[0123] 7. Dual clamps

[0124] 8. Clamp 1

[0125] 9. Clamping device 2

[0126] 10. Industrial robots

[0127] 11. A rotating frame for 1 12. A screwing device

[0128] 13. Oil separator

[0129] 14. Preparation of equipment

[0130] 15. Rotating device

[0131] 16. The bracket used for 1 in 11 / 20

[0132] 17.3 surface

[0133] 18. Blade holder for 4 / 5"

[0134] 19. Direction of rotation

[0135] 20. Transport vehicle for 1

[0136] 21. Lifting device for 3 / 6

[0137] 22. For processing parts of 4 / 5

[0138] 23. Filter

[0139] 24. Heat exchanger

[0140] 25. Sensing mechanism for 2

[0141] 26. Ultrasonic exciter

[0142] 27. Circulating pump

[0143] 28. Injection nozzle

[0144] 29. Brush

[0145] 30. Spray nozzle

[0146] 31. Rinse the nozzle

[0147] 32. Drying unit

[0148] 33. Transport device for 1

[0149] 34. Lifting device for 1

[0150] 35. Damper

[0151] 36. Reflector

[0152] 37. Cleaning spray gun

[0153] 38. Entrance.

Claims

1. An apparatus for cleaning a cutter ring or its components during the maintenance of a cutter ring chipper, the cutter ring chipper being used to crush materials, wherein, At least alternatively, blades are provided on the periphery of the blade ring (1), the blades being able to be mounted directly as blades or indirectly as blade sets (4, 5) on the blade ring (1), the blade sets including at least blades with clamps, wherein the blade ring (1) also has at least two coaxial rings and blade seats (18) and / or wear plates disposed therebetween, characterized in that a groove (6) for a liquid pool (3) is provided for cleaning components, assemblies and / or the blade ring (1), wherein a static water column (2) is formed in the liquid pool (3) or in the groove (3), and the component, the assembly or the blade ring (1) can be at least partially introduced into the static water column or at least partially pass through the static water column.

2. The apparatus according to the preceding claim, characterized in that, A cleaning device is provided in or under the surface (17) of the liquid pool (3), preferably at least one rotating brush (29) and / or spray nozzle (28) and / or ultrasonic exciter (26).

3. The apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, A temperature control device, preferably a heat exchanger (24) or a heater, is provided for heating water for the liquid pool (3), rinsing nozzle (31), spray nozzle (30) and / or jet nozzle (28).

4. The apparatus according to one or more of the preceding device claims, characterized in that, At least one circulation is provided for the liquid in the liquid pool (3), and preferably a heat exchanger (24), a pump (27), a filter (23), a chemical treatment device and / or an oil remover (13) for cleaning the surface (17) of the liquid pool (3) is provided. Particularly preferably, a sensing mechanism (25) for the control or regulation device for the circulation is provided for controlling or regulating the water column (2), temperature, water quality, pH value and / or salt content in the tank (6).

5. The apparatus according to one or more of the preceding device claims, characterized in that, Spray nozzles (30), rinsing nozzles (31), heating units and / or drying units (32) are disposed outside the liquid pool (3), on the inlet side and / or the outlet side.

6. The apparatus according to one or more of the preceding device claims, characterized in that, As a heating device, an induction heating device and / or a convection heating device are provided for the blade ring (1), the component and / or the assembly, preferably on the inlet side, and preferably outside the liquid pool (3).

7. The apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The slot (6) and / or the bracket (16) for the blade ring (1) are height-adjustable via lifting devices (21, 34).

8. The apparatus according to one or more of the preceding device claims, characterized in that, The trough (6) for the liquid pool (3) is mounted on a transport vehicle for the knife ring (1).

9. The apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, One or more devices for cleaning or the tank (6) are arranged in a preparation device (14) with a rotating frame (11), in which the parts or components are removed or assembled.

10. The apparatus according to one or more of the preceding device claims, characterized in that, One or more cleaning devices or the trough (6) are integrated in the processing unit (22) for the blade assembly (4, 5), where the blade assembly (4, 5) is cleaned as a component (blade, clamp) or assembly before or after its installation or removal.

11. The apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, A cleaning device is provided for coarse cleaning or pre-cleaning of the blade ring (1), the component and / or the assembly.

12. The apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, In the region of the surface (17) of the liquid pool (3), preferably a damper (35) for suppressing the instability of the surface (17) is provided directly below the surface.

13. The apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, In the liquid pool (3), preferably below or near the surface (17), a reflector (36) for reflecting and / or guiding ultrasonic waves is provided.

14. The apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, In order to clean the radially inner side of the blade ring (1), the means for treating and / or cleaning the blade ring on the inlet or outlet side is oscillating and / or movable, particularly preferably a spray nozzle (30), a rinsing nozzle (31), a drying unit (32), an ultrasonic exciter (26) with or without a reflector (36), a jet nozzle (28), a brush (29) and / or a damper (35).

15. A method for cleaning a cutter ring or its parts or components during maintenance of a cutter ring chipper used for crushing materials, wherein, At least alternatively, a blade is provided at the periphery of the blade ring (1), the blade being directly mounted on the blade ring (1) or indirectly mounted as a blade assembly (4, 5), the blade assembly including at least a blade with a clamp, wherein the blade ring (1) also has at least two coaxial rings and a blade holder (18) and / or a wear plate disposed therebetween, characterized in that the component, the assembly and / or the blade ring (1) is cleaned in a liquid pool (3), wherein the liquid pool (3) has a static water column (2) in a tank (6), the component, the assembly or the blade ring (1) being at least partially and preferably immersed in or through the static water column (2) for a predetermined time.

16. The method according to the preceding method claims, characterized in that, In the liquid pool (3), preferably under the surface (17) of the liquid pool (3), cleaning is performed by a cleaning device, preferably by at least one rotating brush (29), a spray nozzle (28) and / or ultrasonic support.

17. The method according to the preceding method claims, characterized in that, Cleaning is performed by heating the components, the assembly, the blade ring, and / or the liquid pool to above room temperature, and / or by using cleaning agents, preservatives, and / or degreasers, preferably dissolved in the liquid pool or used as additives.

18. The method according to one or more of the preceding method claims, characterized in that, The water in the liquid pool (3) is guided, cleaned, deionized and / or desalinated in circulation, and preferably, the water column (2), temperature, water quality, pH value and / or salt content are controlled or regulated by a control or regulation device.

19. The method according to one or more of the preceding method claims, characterized in that, The component, the assembly and / or the blade ring (1) are rinsed, heated and / or dried after leaving the liquid pool (3).

20. The method according to one or more of the preceding method claims, characterized in that, The component, assembly, and / or the blade ring (1) are heated and / or treated with a cleaning liquid, preferably preheated and / or at a concentration higher than that in the liquid pool, before being immersed in the liquid pool (3).

21. The method according to one or more of the preceding method claims, characterized in that, The blade ring is coarsely cleaned before cleaning in the liquid pool, wherein, preferably, when using a liquid for high-pressure coarse cleaning, the liquid is delivered to the liquid pool after pre-filtration.

22. The method according to one or more of the preceding method claims, characterized in that, Liquid is delivered from the areas of the spray nozzle (30), the flushing nozzle (31) and / or the drying unit (32) to the liquid pool, and / or these devices are positioned above or used above the liquid pool.

23. The method according to one or more of the preceding method claims, characterized in that, Cleaning is performed in or on the transport vehicle (20) for the blade ring, preferably during transport from the blade ring chipper to the preparation device (14), and / or cleaning is performed in the preparation device (14) for the installation and removal of the blade or the blade assembly (4, 5), and / or cleaning of the parts or the components is performed in the processing unit (22) for the blade or the blade assembly (4, 5).

24. The method according to one or more of the preceding method claims, characterized in that, Before removing the blade or the blade assembly (4), the blade ring (1) is cleaned at least partially in the liquid pool (3), the blade or the blade assembly (4) is removed, and the blade ring (1) is cleaned again in the liquid pool (3) without the blade or the blade assembly (4) to clean the exposed area, and then a new blade or a sharp blade assembly (5) is installed on the blade ring.

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