Device and method for preventing and controlling cowpea pests

Abstract

This application provides a device and method for controlling cowpea pests, relating to the field of crop protection devices. It includes a greenhouse structure, two parallel guide rails, and the greenhouse structure mounted on the guide rails. The greenhouse structure includes several sets of sliding seats slidably disposed on the two guide rails. Each sliding seat is connected to a vertically arranged support rod. An arc-shaped bracket connected to another support rod on the same set of sliding seats is fixed to the support rod. A folding insect-proof panel connecting the support rod and the arc-shaped bracket is installed on the support rod and the arc-shaped bracket. The folding insect-proof panel unfolds along the length of the guide rails and is used to cover the greenhouse structure. The insect-proof panel has several through holes for ventilation and to prevent pests from entering. A curtain is provided on the support rod and the arc-shaped bracket at the ends to close the openings at both ends and facilitate opening and closing. A drive mechanism is provided on the guide rails to drive the sliding seats to slide along the guide rails and to unfold or close the folding insect-proof panel. This application has multiple effects, including insect control, irrigation, and spraying.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of crop protection devices, in particular to a device and method for preventing and controlling cowpea pests. BACKGROUND

[0002] Cowpea (also known as long bean) is an important vegetable crop in tropical regions, but it is susceptible to damage by a variety of pests such as bean pod borer, cotton bollworm, thrips, whitefly, and American spotted leafminer, which can cause damage to leaves, flowers, and pods, severely affecting yield and quality. Traditional control methods rely mainly on chemical pesticides, but in recent years, green control techniques have gained attention. For example, agricultural guidelines recommend hanging yellow or blue sticky traps in the field to trap adult insects, and using solar insecticidal lamps to trap flying moth pests at night. At the same time, insect pheromone traps can be used for large-scale deployment, supplemented by the release of biological pesticides (such as Bacillus thuringiensis, Metarhizium anisopliae) or natural enemies (predatory mites, parasitic wasps) for biological control measures. These physical and chemical independent control methods can effectively trap pests and reduce pesticide use.

[0003] In the art, for example, Chinese Utility Model Patent No. CN222786558U discloses a "cowpea field easy-to-dismount insect prevention net device", which achieves rapid installation and disassembly of the insect prevention net, facilitates replacement and maintenance after partial damage, improves use efficiency and reduces maintenance costs, by means of the structures of drill bit, fixed rod, support assembly, and magic tape.

[0004] However, the above-mentioned device has the following problems:

[0005] 1. It can only provide passive blocking and cannot regulate the air and temperature inside the shed;

[0006] 2. The operation relies on manual labor: net collection, net deployment, and both end sealing all need manual climbing or entering the field, which is labor-intensive and low in efficiency. SUMMARY

[0007] To solve the above problems, the present application provides a device for preventing and controlling cowpea pests.

[0008] In a first aspect, the device for preventing and controlling cowpea pests provided by the present application adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] The utility model provides a device for preventing and controlling cowpea pests, comprising a shed body, two parallel guide rails, the shed body installed on the guide rails, the shed body comprising a plurality of groups of sliding seats slidingly arranged on the two guide rails, the sliding seats being connected with vertically arranged support rods, the support rods being fixed with arc-shaped arches connecting another support rod on the same group of sliding seats, the support rods and arc-shaped arches being provided with folding insect prevention plates connecting a plurality of support rods and arc-shaped arches, the folding insect prevention plates being unfolded along the length direction of the guide rails and used for covering the shed body, a plurality of through holes being formed in the folding insect prevention plates for facilitating ventilation and preventing pests from entering, the support rods and arc-shaped arches at the ends being provided with door curtains used for closing the openings at both ends and facilitating opening and storage, the guide rails being provided with driving mechanisms driving the sliding seats to slide along the guide rails and unfolding or storing the folding insect prevention plates.

[0010] Further, the driving mechanism comprises a driving screw rod rotationally connected to the guide rail, the driving screw rod penetrating the sliding seats, one of the sliding seats at both ends of the guide rail being fixedly connected to the guide rail, the other sliding seat being threadedly connected to the driving screw rod, the guide rail being fixed with a driving motor driving the driving screw rod to rotate, the sliding seat being provided with an extension and contraction piece connecting adjacent two sliding seats.

[0011] Further, the extension and contraction piece is a plurality of extension and contraction tubes arranged together, the extension and contraction tubes being sealed along the axial direction, the sliding seat being provided with a through groove communicating with the extension and contraction tubes, the support rods and arc-shaped arches being hollow and communicating with the through groove, the support rods and the arc-shaped arches being connected with a plurality of nozzles for irrigating or spraying pesticides on cowpeas, a water inlet pipe being connected to the sliding seat fixedly connected to the guide rail, the water inlet pipe delivering liquid to each nozzle through a water pump, the through groove and the extension and contraction tube.

[0012] Further, the extension and contraction tube comprises a mounting tube connected to the sliding seat and a plurality of connection tubes arranged together, the outermost connection tube being axially sealed to the mounting tube, the end of the inner connection tube away from the mounting tube being fixedly and sealingly connected to the through groove on the next sliding seat, the mounting tube being rotationally connected in the sliding seat, the outer wall of the mounting tube being provided with a helical groove along the circumferential direction, the sliding seat being fixed with a driving block slidingly arranged in the helical groove, the through groove comprising a mounting groove coaxial with the mounting tube and a connection groove communicating with the mounting groove and the support rod, the mounting groove being closed by the mounting tube, the mounting tube being provided with a liquid outlet groove, when all the connection tubes are stretched to the longest, the liquid outlet groove is dislocated from the connection groove, liquid is sprayed from the end nozzle, when the sliding seat continues to move forward, the mounting tube rotates and slides along the axial direction, the driving block slides in the arc-shaped groove, the liquid outlet groove communicates with the connection groove, and liquid is sprayed from all the nozzles.

[0013] Further, the bottom of the guide rail is provided with a plurality of cutting stick rods inserted into the soil, the cutting stick rod comprises a sliding rod fixed on the guide rail, a fixed rod inserted into the soil is sleeved on the sliding rod, the fixed rod is integrally formed with a plurality of arc protrusions, a limiting ring is fixed on the upper end of the fixed rod, a limiting block is fixed on the bottom of the sliding rod to prevent the sliding rod from being separated from the fixed rod, and a buffer spring is sleeved between the limiting block and the limiting ring

[0014] Further, the surface of the folding insect prevention plate is provided with bionic soft needle spikes, and the surface of the folding insect prevention plate is provided with a disorienting color strip and / or a hollow microcapsule fiber with pheromone.

[0015] Further, a plurality of mounting rings are fixed on the guide rail, and a windproof belt is fixed on the mounting ring.

[0016] In a second aspect, the application further provides a prevention and control method using the cowpea pest prevention and control device, comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1, driving the sliding seat to move along the guide rail, so that the arc-shaped arch structure is unfolded, the folding insect prevention plate is opened, and a closed or semi-closed protection space is formed to physically isolate and protect the cowpea plants;

[0018] S2, when ventilation, lighting or agricultural operation is needed, the sliding seat is reversely driven to move, so that the arc-shaped arch structure is folded, the folding insect prevention plate is folded, and the protection space is opened;

[0019] Further, in the unfolding process of the folding insect prevention plate, liquid is delivered by the water pump through the water inlet pipe, the through slot in the sliding seat, the telescopic cylinder to the support rod and the arc-shaped arch at the end, and finally sprayed from the spray head of the end support rod and the arc-shaped arch, at this time, other spray heads do not work, which is convenient for irrigation, pesticide application or local spraying of cowpea, in the process, the pests are driven out of the shed by spraying; when the telescopic cylinder does not reach the maximum extension length, the liquid is only sprayed through the end spray head;

[0020] When the telescopic part reaches the maximum extension length and the end sliding seat continues to move, the mounting cylinder rotates and axially slides, so that the spiral arc-shaped groove on the outer wall of the mounting cylinder moves relative to the fixed driving block, when the liquid outlet groove on the mounting cylinder rotates to be aligned with the connecting groove, liquid is sprayed from all the spray heads, and automatic switching of the spraying mode is completed.

[0021] In summary, the application has at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0022] 1. In the core prevention and control function, it realizes the leap from "static passive isolation" to "dynamic intelligent prevention and control". Through the driving mechanism to control the coordinated expansion and contraction of the sliding seat and the folding insect prevention plate, the rapid opening and closing of the protection space is realized. This solves the fundamental contradiction of traditional fixed insect prevention net hindering ventilation, lighting and agricultural operation. It can flexibly switch between "full protection mode" and "full open mode" according to weather, insect situation and agricultural needs, realizing the dynamic balance of protection and growth.

[0023] 2. The unique telescopic cylinder and mechanical reversing valve structure deeply integrates the spraying system and mechanical transmission, realizing automatic and passive intelligent switching of the spraying mode. During the expansion of the device, the boundary area prone to invasion is preferentially sprayed accurately, forming a pilot protection zone, and automatically switching to global uniform spraying after full coverage. This not only realizes the precision agriculture goal of water saving and drug saving, but also has the active prevention and control effect of driving pests away from the protection area due to its "from outside to inside" spraying logic.

[0024] 3. In terms of structural design and reliability, it realizes lightweight, high stability and long service life. The zigzag or wavy folding insect prevention plate is not only a folding unit, but also a permanent three-dimensional reinforcing structure, which significantly improves the wind pressure resistance and shape stability of the net surface, effectively prevents shaking, deformation and mesh closure, and prolongs the service life.

[0025] 4. The shock-absorbing foundation composed of cutting rods and buffer springs can effectively absorb and buffer the impact of strong wind loads such as typhoons on the shed body, greatly improving the survival ability and reliability of the device in bad weather. The addition of windproof belts further anchors the entire shed body, forming multiple wind resistance safeguards to ensure the safety of the overall structure.

[0026] 5. In terms of prevention and control mechanism, it realizes the upgrade from "single physical barrier" to "multiple synergistic effect". The functional folding insect prevention plate constitutes the core of prevention and control: bionic soft needle spikes form direct physical deterrent to climbing pests; the disorienting color strip produces complex light spots on the three-dimensional net surface, strongly interfering with the visual navigation of flying pests; and the pheromone microcapsule realizes long-term behavior disorientation. The combination of the three with the three-dimensional net surface forms a "physical + visual + biochemical" multiple, synergistic, three-dimensional prevention and control system, with an effect far exceeding the simple addition of single means. The three-dimensional net surface structure itself increases the penetration path of pests, and its undulating surface provides a multi-angle acting surface for bionic needles and disorienting strips, playing a synergistic effect.

[0027] 6. In terms of ecological benefits and applicability, it embodies greenness, intelligence and humanization. The entire system greatly reduces the labor intensity through mechanical automation, avoids the risk of frequent climbing and field operation, and significantly reduces the use of chemical pesticides through precise spraying mode and physical prevention and control-based strategy, which meets the production requirements of green agricultural products, is environmentally friendly, and integrates dynamic protection, precise irrigation, targeted pesticide application and environmental regulation into one device, highly integrates functions, and provides a complete integrated intelligent solution for the green and sustainable development of cowpea and other high-value crops. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the embodiment of the present application.

[0029] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cutting stick.

[0030] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the support rod, the arc-shaped arch and the sliding seat.

[0031] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the telescopic part and the sliding seat.

[0032] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the telescopic cylinder and the sliding seat.

[0033] Figure 6 is a sectional view of the connection structure of the mounting cylinder on the sliding seat.

[0034] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS: 1, shed body; 2, guide rail; 3, cutting stick; 4, sliding rod; 5, fixed rod; 6, arc-shaped protrusion; 7, limiting ring; 8, limiting block; 9, buffer spring; 10, sliding seat; 11, support rod; 12, arc-shaped arch; 13, folding insect-proof board; 14, mounting ring; 15, door curtain; 16, driving lead screw; 17, spray head; 18, water inlet pipe; 19, mounting cylinder; 20, connecting cylinder; 21, spiral groove; 22, driving block; 23, mounting groove; 24, connecting groove; 25, liquid outlet groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The terminology used in the following description merely for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the application. As used in this description and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term "at least one" or "one or more" means one, two, three, or more. The term "and / or" used in the context of describing the association between two or more objects is intended to mean that three conditions are possible: the objects can exist separately, in combination with each other, or not exist at all. The character " / " generally represents an "or" relationship between the associated objects.

[0036] Reference in the specification to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" or "in some embodiments" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, although it can. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and their variants are meant to be construed as "including but not limited to," unless otherwise indicated.

[0037] The following detailed description of the application is made in connection with the accompanying drawings. Figures 1-6 The application is further described in detail.

[0038] The embodiments of the application disclose a device for preventing and controlling cowpea pests, which refers to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The device comprises a shed body 1, two parallel guide rails 2 fixedly installed on the ground, a cutting stick 3 installed at the bottom of the guide rail 2 to fix the guide rail 2, a sliding rod 4 fixed on the guide rail 2, a fixed rod 5 sleeved with the sliding rod 4 and inserted into the soil, a plurality of arc protrusions 6 integrally formed on the fixed rod 5 to increase the difficulty of pulling out the fixed rod 5 and improve the stability of the device, a limiting ring 7 fixed on the upper end of the fixed rod 5, the sliding rod 4 penetrating through the limiting ring 7, a limiting block 8 fixed on the bottom of the sliding rod 4 to prevent the sliding rod 4 from being separated from the fixed rod 5, and a buffer spring 9 sleeved between the limiting block 8 and the limiting ring 7.

[0039] When a typhoon or a strong wind comes, the shed body 1 is blown to move, and the sliding rod 4 moves upward relative to the fixed rod 5. Through the action of the buffer spring 9, a certain buffering effect is achieved, and the possibility of damage to the shed body 1 is reduced.

[0040] Referring to Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the shed 1 is installed on the guide rail 2, the shed 1 comprises a plurality of groups of sliding seats 10 slidingly arranged on the two guide rails 2, the sliding seats 10 are fixedly connected with vertically arranged support rods 11, the support rods 11 are fixedly connected with arc-shaped arches 12 connecting another support rod 11 of the same group of sliding seats 10, the arc-shaped arches 12 are in a semicircular structure protruding upward, the support rods 11 and the arc-shaped arches 12 are provided with folding insect prevention plates 13 connecting a plurality of support rods 11 and arc-shaped arches 12, the folding insect prevention plates 13 are elastic transparent plastic plates, the folding insect prevention plates 13 are in a "Z" shape or a wave shape in cross section, are bent repeatedly or are formed by a mold, the folding insect prevention plates 13 are unfolded along the length direction of the guide rail 2 and are used for covering the shed 1, a plurality of through holes for facilitating ventilation are formed in the folding insect prevention plates 13, the through holes are gradually increased in diameter from outside to inside, so that the flowability of internal air is increased while preventing pests from entering.

[0041] Referring to Figure 3 , a plurality of mounting rings 14 are fixedly connected on the guide rail 2, windproof belts are fixedly connected on the mounting rings 14, the windproof belts are fixed at both ends of the corresponding mounting rings 14, the windproof belts are tensioned at both ends, so that the folding insect prevention plates 13 are pressed tightly, and the possibility of being destroyed by a typhoon or a strong wind is reduced.

[0042] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 4 , the folding insect prevention plates 13 are provided with bionic soft needle spikes on the surfaces, the folding insect prevention plates 13 are further provided with disorienting color strips on the surfaces, the disorienting color strips are silver strips or blue strips, the folding insect prevention plates 13 are provided with hollow microcapsule fibers of pheromones, the disorienting color strips and the pheromones physically block, visually interfere and behaviorally disorient pests, and multiple synergistic disorientation of the disorienting color strips is realized.

[0043] The above structure has the following advantages over the conventional shed 1:

[0044] 1. Folded insect-proof board 13 increases the effective protection area and the buffer space. Compared with the flat net, the three-dimensional wavy shape has a larger actual surface area under the same projected area, which provides more "wrong landing points" for pests. When pests try to cross, they face not a flat barrier but a complex terrain with "valleys" and "peaks". This greatly increases the difficulty of finding a direct path and prolongs the time required to cross; improves structural stability and wind resistance; the zigzag or wavy structure is a classic reinforcing rib in engineering, which gives the soft net surface higher structural rigidity and stability, making it less likely to shake, deform or stick together under the action of wind, while keeping the mesh unobstructed, preventing the net from closing temporarily due to the beating of the net in the wind, thus always ensuring good ventilation and light transmission; reduces physical damage, reduces the risk of net material fatigue and mechanical damage caused by frequent shaking and friction, prolonging the service life; protects integrated components, so that the bionic soft needle spikes and disorienting color strips attached to the net surface can function more stably and are less likely to fall off or fail due to net shaking.

[0045] 2. Optimization of ecological and microenvironment regulation, optimization of field microclimate (ventilation, light transmission, moisture retention), three-dimensional structure creates more complex air flow channels, promoting air circulation, air can flow more smoothly between peaks and valleys, effectively preventing the common phenomenon of heat and humidity retention under traditional flat nets, reducing the risk of disease (such as powdery mildew and downy mildew); the wavy net surface diffuses light in a diffuse manner, providing more uniform and gentle light for plants, avoiding local burns, and promoting photosynthesis; adjust humidity, better ventilation helps to quickly remove dew at night, keeping the leaf surface dry, further inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria.

[0046] 3. Multiplier of synergistic control functions, enhances the deterrent effect of bionic soft needle spikes, on three-dimensional curved surfaces, the orientation of bionic needle tips is multi-angle, whether the pest tries to climb or stay from any direction, it is more likely to touch needle tips of different angles, thus maximizing its physical deterrent and obstruction effect, better than the effect of arranging on a flat net; strengthen the visual interference ability of the disorienting color strip, the three-dimensional undulating surface makes the silver or blue disorienting strip woven on it produce more complex and irregular mirror reflection and light spot flicker with the change of observation angle (the visual angle of the pest flight), this dynamic and chaotic optical signal can more effectively interfere with the visual navigation system of the pest, making it unable to correctly identify the crops below, the disorientation effect is much better than the static strip on the flat net.

[0047] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2The support rod 11 and the arc-shaped arch 12 at the end are provided with a curtain 15 for closing the two open ends. An electric hoist is installed at the upper end of the shed body 1 to control the up and down movement of the curtain 15, thereby controlling the opening or closing of the shed body 1. Alternatively, a plurality of sheet-shaped curtains 15 are installed at the two ends of the shed body 1. The plurality of sheet-shaped curtains 15 are attracted together by magnets, thereby completing the closing of the two ends

[0048] With reference to Figure 1 and Figure 3 The guide rail 2 is provided with a driving mechanism for driving the sliding seat 10 to slide along the guide rail 2. The driving mechanism drives the folding insect prevention plate 13 to unfold or be stored. The driving mechanism comprises a driving screw rod 16 rotatably connected to the guide rail 2. The driving screw rod 16 penetrates the sliding seat 10. One of the sliding seats 10 at the two ends of the guide rail 2 is fixedly connected to the guide rail 2. The other sliding seat 10 is threadedly connected to the driving screw rod 16. The guide rail 2 is fixedly provided with a driving motor for driving the driving screw rod 16 to rotate. The driving motor is a servo motor. The sliding seat 10 is provided with an extension piece for connecting adjacent two sliding seats 10.

[0049] With reference to Figure 3 、 5 and Figure 6 The extension piece is a plurality of extension cylinders arranged together in an axial direction. The sliding seat 10 is provided with a through groove for communicating the extension cylinders. The support rod 11 and the arc-shaped arch 12 are hollow and communicate with the through groove. The support rod 11 and the arc-shaped arch 12 are connected with a plurality of spray heads 17 for irrigating or spraying the cowpea. The sliding seat 10 fixedly connected to the guide rail 2 is connected with a water inlet pipe 18. The water inlet pipe 18 delivers liquid to each spray head 17 through a water pump, the through groove and the extension pipe.

[0050] With reference to Figure 3 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6The telescopic cylinder comprises a mounting cylinder 19 connected with the sliding seat 10 and a plurality of connecting cylinders 20 sleeved with each other, the outermost connecting cylinder 20 is arranged in the mounting cylinder 19 and is axially sealed with the mounting cylinder 19, the end of the inner connecting cylinder 20 away from the mounting cylinder 19 is fixedly and sealingly connected with the through groove on the next sliding seat 10, the mounting cylinder 19 is rotationally connected in the sliding seat 10, the mounting cylinder 19 cannot rotate relative to the connecting cylinder 20, the outer wall of the mounting cylinder 19 is provided with a helical groove 21 in the circumferential direction, the driving block 22 is fixed in the sliding seat 10 and is slidingly arranged in the helical groove 21, the through groove comprises a mounting groove 23 coaxial with the mounting cylinder 19 and in communication, and a connecting groove 24 in communication with the mounting groove 23 and the internal cavity of the support rod 11, the mounting cylinder 19 seals the connecting groove 24, so that the liquid enters the sliding seat 10 at the end along the telescopic cylinder, and then enters the end support rod 11 and the arc-shaped arch 12 from the sliding seat 10 and is sprayed from the spray head 17. The mounting cylinder 19 is provided with a liquid outlet groove 25, the liquid outlet groove 25 is arranged in a staggered manner with the connecting groove 24, when all the connecting cylinders 20 are stretched to the longest, the liquid outlet groove 25 is staggered with the connecting groove 24, the liquid is sprayed from the end spray head 17, when the sliding seat 10 continues to move forward, the mounting cylinder 19 makes the driving block 22 slide in the arc-shaped groove under the action of the helical groove 21 and the driving block 22, and the driving block 22 slides in the axial direction during rotation, the liquid outlet groove 25 is in communication with the connecting groove 24, and the liquid is sprayed from all the spray heads 17.

[0051] The application further discloses a prevention and control method of the device.

[0052] The sliding seat 10 is driven to move along the guide rail 2, so that the arc-shaped arch 12 structure is unfolded, the folding insect prevention plate 13 is unfolded, a closed or semi-closed protection space is formed, and the cowpea plants are physically isolated and protected; when the sliding seat 10 has the maximum stroke, the folding insect prevention plate 13 always has a “Z” shape or a wave shape.

[0053] When ventilation, lighting or agricultural operation is needed, the sliding seat 10 is reversely driven to move, so that the arc-shaped arch 12 structure is folded, the folding insect prevention plate 13 is folded, and the protection space is opened.

[0054] In the process of unfolding the folding insect prevention board 13, liquid is delivered by the water pump through the inlet pipe 18, the through slot in the sliding seat 10, the telescopic cylinder to the support rod 11 at the end and the arc-shaped arch 12, and finally sprayed from the spray head 17 of the end support rod 11 and the arc-shaped arch 12, at this time the other spray heads 17 do not work, which is convenient for irrigation, pesticide application or local spraying of cowpea, reduces the waste of water resources or pesticides, and at the same time, in the process, the pests are driven out of the shed 1 by spraying; when the telescopic cylinder does not reach the maximum extension length, the pesticide liquid is only sprayed through the end spray head 17; when the telescopic member reaches the maximum extension length and the end sliding seat 10 continues to move, the mounting cylinder 19 rotates and axially slides, so that the spiral arc-shaped slot on the outer wall of the mounting cylinder 19 moves relatively with the fixed driving block 22, when the liquid outlet slot 25 on the mounting cylinder 19 rotates to be aligned with the connecting slot 24, liquid is sprayed from all the spray heads 17, and the automatic switching of the spraying mode is completed.

[0055] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, and any equivalent modification or change made by those skilled in the art according to the disclosed content of the present application shall be included in the protection scope recorded in the claims.

Claims

1. A device for preventing and controlling cowpea pests, comprising a shed body (1), characterized in that, The utility model also includes two parallel rails (2), the shed (1) is installed on the rail (2), the shed (1) includes several groups of sliding seats (10) slidingly arranged on the two rails (2), the sliding seat (10) is connected with the vertically arranged support rod (11), the support rod (11) is fixed with the arc-shaped arch (12) connecting another support rod (11) on the same group of sliding seats (10), the support rod (11) and the arc-shaped arch (12) are installed with the folding insect prevention board (13) connecting several support rods (11) and arc-shaped arches (12), the folding insect prevention board (13) is unfolded along the length direction of the rail (2) and is used to cover the shed (1), the folding insect prevention board (13) is provided with several through holes facilitating ventilation and preventing pests from entering, the support rod (11) and the arc-shaped arch (12) at the end are provided with the door curtain (15) for closing the opening of the shed (1) and facilitating opening and storage, the rail (2) is provided with a driving mechanism for driving the sliding seat (10) to slide along the rail (2) and driving the folding insect prevention board (13) to unfold or store, the driving mechanism includes a driving lead screw (16) rotatably connected to the rail (2), the driving lead screw (16) penetrates the sliding seat (10), one of the sliding seats (10) at the two ends of the rail (2) is fixedly connected with the rail (2), and the other sliding seat (10) is threadedly connected with the driving lead screw (16), the rail (2) is fixed with a driving motor for driving the driving lead screw (16) to rotate, the sliding seat (10) is provided with a telescopic member connecting adjacent two sliding seats (10), the telescopic member is a plurality of telescopic tubes arranged together, the telescopic tubes are sealed in the axial direction, the sliding seat (10) is provided with a through groove communicating with the telescopic tubes, the support rod (11) and the arc-shaped arch (12) are hollow and communicate with the through groove, the support rod (11) and the arc-shaped arch (12) are connected with a plurality of nozzles (17) for irrigating or spraying beans, the sliding seat (10) fixedly connected with the rail (2) is connected with a water inlet pipe (18), the water inlet pipe (18) delivers liquid to each nozzle (17) through a water pump, a through groove and a telescopic pipe.The telescopic cylinder comprises a mounting cylinder (19) connected with the sliding seat (10) and a plurality of connecting cylinders (20) sleeved with each other, the outermost connecting cylinder (20) is axially sealed with the mounting cylinder (19), the end of the inner connecting cylinder (20) away from the mounting cylinder (19) is fixedly and sealingly connected with the through groove on the next sliding seat (10), the mounting cylinder (19) is rotationally connected in the sliding seat (10), the mounting cylinder (19) and the connecting cylinder (20) cannot relatively rotate, a helical groove (21) is formed in the outer wall of the mounting cylinder (19) in the circumferential direction, the sliding seat (10) is fixedly provided with a driving block (22) slidingly arranged in the helical groove (21), the through groove comprises a mounting groove (23) coaxial with the mounting cylinder (19) and a connecting groove (24) communicating the mounting groove (23) and the supporting rod (11), the mounting cylinder (19) closes the connecting groove (24), the mounting cylinder (19) is provided with a liquid outlet groove (25), when all the connecting cylinders (20) are stretched to the longest, the liquid outlet groove (25) is dislocated with the connecting groove (24), liquid is sprayed from the spray head (17) on the supporting rod (11) and the arc-shaped arch (12), when the sliding seat (10) continues to move forward, the mounting cylinder (19) rotates and slides in the axial direction, the driving block (22) slides in the arc-shaped groove, the liquid outlet groove (25) communicates with the connecting groove (24), liquid is sprayed from all the spray heads (17); the surface of the folding insect prevention plate (13) is provided with bionic soft needle thorn; the surface of the folding insect prevention plate (13) is provided with a hollow microcapsule fiber of a color strip and / or pheromone.

2. The device for preventing and controlling cowpea pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the guide rail (2) is provided with several cutting sticks (3) inserted into the soil, the cutting stick (3) comprises a sliding rod (4) fixed on the guide rail (2), the sliding rod (4) is sleeved with a fixed rod (5) inserted into the soil, the fixed rod (5) is integrally formed with several arc protrusions (6), the upper end of the fixed rod (5) is fixed with a limiting ring (7), the bottom of the sliding rod (4) is fixed with a limiting block (8) preventing the sliding rod (4) from being separated from the fixed rod (5), the limiting block (8) and the limiting ring (7) are sleeved with a buffer spring (9).

3. The device for preventing and controlling cowpea pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide rail (2) is fixed with several mounting rings (14), and the mounting ring (14) is fixed with a windproof belt.

4. A method for controlling pests using the device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: S1, driving the sliding seat (10) to move along the guide rail (2) to expand the arc-shaped arch (12) structure, so as to support the folding insect-proof plate (13) to form a closed or semi-closed protection space, and to physically isolate and protect the cowpea plants; S2, when ventilation, lighting or agricultural operation is needed, the sliding seat (10) is reversely driven to move, so that the arc-shaped arch (12) structure is folded, and the folding insect-proof plate (13) is folded, and the protection space is opened.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein: In the process of unfolding of the folding insect-proof plate (13), the liquid is pumped through the water inlet pipe (18), the through slot in the sliding seat (10), the telescopic cylinder to the support rod (11) and the arc-shaped arch (12) at the end, and finally sprayed from the spray head (17) of the end support rod (11) and the arc-shaped arch (12), at this time, other spray heads (17) do not work, which is convenient for irrigation, pesticide application or local spraying of cowpea, in the process, the pests are driven out of the shed (1) by spraying; when the telescopic cylinder does not reach the maximum extension length, the pesticide liquid is only sprayed through the spray head (17) on the end support rod (11) and the arc-shaped arch (12); When the telescopic member reaches the maximum extension length and the end sliding seat (10) continues to move, the mounting cylinder (19) rotates and axially slides, so that the helical groove (21) on the outer wall of the mounting cylinder (19) moves relatively with the fixed driving block (22), when the liquid outlet groove (25) on the mounting cylinder (19) rotates to be aligned with the connecting groove (24), the liquid is sprayed from all the spray heads (17), and the automatic switching of the spraying mode is completed.

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