Electrohydrodynamic printing control method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of electrohydrodynamic printing control, and discloses an electrohydrodynamic printing control method and device, an electronic device and a storage medium, the method comprising: acquiring a viscosity state parameter of a fluid in a printing process of an electrohydrodynamic printing system in real time, inputting the viscosity state parameter into a preset fluid state calculation formula, calculating a fluid state evaluation value of the fluid, adjusting an electric field parameter according to a preset adjustment criterion according to the fluid state evaluation value, so as to adapt to a state change of the fluid, obtaining an adjusted electric field parameter, and optimizing the adjusted electric field parameter based on viscosity change and Taylor cone morphology of the fluid, so as to control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain stability of the Taylor cone; the electric field parameter is adjusted through the fluid state evaluation value, viscosity change and Taylor cone morphology of the fluid in the printing process, so that the electrohydrodynamic printing system maintains the stability of the Taylor cone, and the printing efficiency of the electrohydrodynamic printing is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of electrohydrodynamic printing control, and more specifically, to an electrohydrodynamic printing control method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] Electrohydrodynamic printing (EHD) technology utilizes a high-voltage electric field to drive functional materials to form micro- and nano-scale jets, achieving high-precision, non-contact patterned deposition and demonstrating unique application advantages in fields such as biomedicine and flexible electronics. However, in actual printing processes, the fluid viscosity of functional materials often undergoes dynamic changes due to various factors. For example, bio-inks may gel due to temperature fluctuations, or nanoparticle suspensions may exhibit shear-thinning properties.

[0003] Traditional electrohydrodynamic (EHVM) printing systems typically use fixed voltage and frequency parameters for printing control. This fixed-parameter control method is difficult to effectively adapt to the dynamic changes in fluid viscosity during the printing process. When fluid viscosity changes, traditional EHVM printing systems often experience problems such as jet breakage, droplet splashing, or uneven deposition, severely affecting print quality and accuracy. For example, in bio-ink printing, viscosity changes can cause linewidth deviations exceeding 15%, and even affect cell viability, reducing it to below 80%.

[0004] Currently, while some viscosity control methods exist, such as pre-adjusting ink formulations or employing offline viscosity compensation technology, these methods typically cannot achieve real-time response to changes in fluid viscosity. Pre-adjusting ink formulations needs to be completed before printing and cannot handle real-time changes during the printing process; offline viscosity compensation requires pausing printing for measurement and adjustment, which is inefficient and makes it difficult to guarantee the continuity and stability of the printing process.

[0005] Therefore, in order to solve the technical problem that existing electrohydrodynamic printing control methods are unable to achieve real-time response and dynamic adjustment to changes in fluid viscosity, which leads to a decrease in printing quality and accuracy, there is an urgent need for an electrohydrodynamic printing control method, device, electronic equipment, and storage medium. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this application is to provide a hydrodynamic printing control method, device, electronic device, and storage medium. By adjusting the electric field parameters based on the fluid state assessment value, viscosity change, and Taylor cone morphology of the fluid during the printing process, the hydrodynamic printing system maintains the stability of the Taylor cone. This solves the problem that existing hydrodynamic printing control methods are unable to achieve real-time response and dynamic adjustment to fluid viscosity changes, which leads to a decrease in printing quality and accuracy. It can adapt to the dynamic viscosity changes of the printing material, ensure the stability of the Taylor cone and the accurate formation of the jet, and improve the printing efficiency of hydrodynamic printing.

[0007] In a first aspect, this application provides a method for controlling electrohydrodynamic printing, used to control an electrohydrodynamic printing system to adapt to changes in fluid viscosity, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Real-time acquisition of fluid viscosity parameters during the printing process in the electrohydrodynamic printing system;

[0009] The viscosity state parameter is input into a preset fluid state calculation formula to calculate the fluid state evaluation value of the fluid.

[0010] Based on the fluid state assessment value, the electric field parameters are adjusted according to a preset adjustment criterion to adapt to the fluid state change, and the adjusted electric field parameters are obtained.

[0011] Based on the viscosity change of the fluid and the Taylor cone morphology, the adjusted electric field parameters are optimized to control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone.

[0012] The electrohydrodynamic printing control method provided in this application can control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to adapt to changes in fluid viscosity. By adjusting the electric field parameters based on the fluid state assessment value, viscosity change, and Taylor cone morphology during the printing process, the electrohydrodynamic printing system can maintain the stability of the Taylor cone. This solves the problem that existing electrohydrodynamic printing control methods are unable to achieve real-time response and dynamic adjustment to fluid viscosity changes, which leads to a decrease in printing quality and accuracy. It can adapt to dynamic viscosity changes of the printing material, ensure the stability of the Taylor cone and the accurate formation of the jet, and improve the printing efficiency of electrohydrodynamic printing.

[0013] Optionally, the viscosity state parameters include the fluid viscosity, temperature, and jet diameter.

[0014] Optionally, the viscosity state parameter is input into a preset fluid state calculation formula to calculate the fluid state evaluation value of the fluid, including:

[0015] Based on the real-time acquired viscosity, temperature, and jet diameter, the viscosity change rate, temperature deviation, and jet stability ratio within a preset period are calculated.

[0016] The viscosity change rate, the temperature deviation, and the jet stability ratio are input into a preset fluid state calculation formula to calculate the fluid state evaluation value.

[0017] Optionally, based on the fluid state assessment value and according to a preset adjustment criterion, the electric field parameters are adjusted to adapt to the fluid state changes, resulting in adjusted electric field parameters, including:

[0018] Based on multiple threshold intervals pre-divided in the preset adjustment criteria, the threshold interval in which the fluid state evaluation value is located is determined;

[0019] Based on the threshold range in which the fluid state assessment value falls, a corresponding adjustment strategy is determined;

[0020] According to the adjustment strategy, the electric field parameters are adjusted to adapt to the state changes of the fluid, and the adjusted electric field parameters are obtained.

[0021] The electrohydrodynamic printing control method provided in this application can control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to adapt to changes in fluid viscosity. By combining the fluid state evaluation value with preset adjustment criteria, it achieves refined and adaptive adjustment of electric field parameters. The electric field parameters are dynamically adjusted according to subtle changes in fluid state, thereby more effectively adapting to changes in fluid viscosity and maintaining the stability of the printing process.

[0022] Optionally, based on the viscosity change of the fluid and the Taylor cone morphology, the adjusted electric field parameters are optimized to control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone, including:

[0023] Determine whether the viscosity change rate of two consecutive viscosity measurements in the viscosity state parameters is greater than a preset viscosity change rate threshold; if not, maintain the adjusted electric field parameters; if so, adjust the adjusted electric field parameters based on a preset dynamic adjustment mechanism to obtain the adjusted electric field parameters after secondary adjustment.

[0024] Based on the diameter deviation between the jet diameter and the preset target diameter obtained sequentially from the viscosity state parameters, and the position deviation between the jet positions obtained in two adjacent acquisitions, the adjusted electric field parameters or the second adjusted electric field parameters are adjusted or maintained to control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone.

[0025] The electrohydrodynamic printing control method provided in this application can control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to adapt to changes in fluid viscosity. By introducing a viscosity change rate judgment and dynamic adjustment mechanism, it can make a rapid and effective initial response to significant changes in fluid properties, avoiding printing interruptions or serious defects caused by drastic viscosity fluctuations.

[0026] Optionally, based on a preset dynamic adjustment mechanism, the adjusted electric field parameters are further adjusted to obtain the secondary adjusted electric field parameters, including:

[0027] An initial adjustment scheme is extracted from a preset viscosity-electric field parameter mapping database, and based on the initial adjustment scheme, the adjusted electric field parameters are initially adjusted to obtain the initially adjusted electric field parameters.

[0028] The electric field parameters after the initial adjustment are adjusted so that the adjusted fluid diameter tends to the preset target diameter, and the electric field parameters after further adjustment are obtained.

[0029] Based on a preset adjustment range, the electric field parameters after the second adjustment are adjusted so that the fluctuation rate of the adjusted fluid diameter is within a preset fluctuation range, thus obtaining the electric field parameters after the second adjustment.

[0030] Optionally, based on the diameter deviation between the jet diameter and the preset target diameter obtained sequentially from the viscosity state parameters, and the positional deviation between two adjacent jet positions, the adjusted electric field parameters or the second-adjusted electric field parameters are adjusted or maintained to control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone, including:

[0031] Determine whether the diameter deviation between the jet diameter obtained sequentially from the viscosity state parameters and the preset target diameter is greater than a preset diameter deviation threshold, or whether the positional deviation between two adjacent jet positions is greater than a preset positional deviation threshold.

[0032] When the diameter deviation between the jet diameter obtained sequentially from the viscosity state parameters and the preset target diameter is not greater than the preset diameter deviation threshold, and the position deviation between two adjacent jet positions is not greater than the preset position deviation threshold, it is determined that the Taylor cone of the fluid is maintained in a stable state, and the adjusted electric field parameters or the second adjusted electric field parameters are maintained to control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone.

[0033] When the diameter deviation between the jet diameter obtained sequentially from the viscosity state parameters and the preset target diameter is greater than the preset diameter deviation threshold, or the position deviation between two adjacent jet positions is greater than the preset position deviation threshold, it is determined that the Taylor cone of the fluid is in an unstable state. The adjusted electric field parameters or the secondary adjusted electric field parameters are optimized until the optimized diameter deviation is less than or equal to the preset diameter deviation threshold and the optimized position deviation is less than or equal to the preset position deviation threshold, so as to control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone.

[0034] Secondly, this application provides an electrohydrodynamic printing control device for controlling an electrohydrodynamic printing system to adapt to changes in fluid viscosity, comprising:

[0035] The acquisition module is used to acquire the viscosity state parameters of the fluid in the electrohydrodynamic printing system during the printing process in real time.

[0036] The calculation module is used to input the viscosity state parameters into a preset fluid state calculation formula to calculate the fluid state evaluation value of the fluid.

[0037] The adjustment module is used to adjust the electric field parameters according to the fluid state evaluation value and a preset adjustment criterion to adapt to the fluid state change, and obtain the adjusted electric field parameters.

[0038] An optimization module is used to optimize the adjusted electric field parameters based on the viscosity change of the fluid and the Taylor cone morphology, so as to control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone.

[0039] This electrohydrodynamic printing control device adjusts the electric field parameters based on the fluid state assessment value, viscosity change, and Taylor cone morphology of the fluid during the printing process. This allows the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone, solving the problem that existing electrohydrodynamic printing control methods struggle to achieve real-time response and dynamic adjustment to fluid viscosity changes, leading to a decline in printing quality and accuracy. It can adapt to dynamic viscosity changes in the printing material, ensuring the stability of the Taylor cone and the precise formation of the jet, thus improving the printing efficiency of electrohydrodynamic printing.

[0040] Thirdly, this application provides an electronic device including a processor and a memory, the memory storing a computer program executable by the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, it performs the steps of the electro-hydraulic printing control method described above.

[0041] Fourthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of the electro-hydraulic printing control method described above.

[0042] Beneficial effects: The electrohydrodynamic printing control method, device, electronic equipment, and storage medium provided in this application adjust the electric field parameters by considering the fluid state assessment value, viscosity change, and Taylor cone morphology of the fluid during the printing process. This enables the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone, solving the problem that existing electrohydrodynamic printing control methods are unable to achieve real-time response and dynamic adjustment to fluid viscosity changes, which leads to a decrease in printing quality and accuracy. It can adapt to the dynamic viscosity changes of the printing material, ensuring the stability of the Taylor cone and the accurate formation of the jet, thus improving the printing efficiency of electrohydrodynamic printing. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 A flowchart of the electrohydrodynamic printing control method provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0044] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the electrohydrodynamic printing control device provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0045] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0046] Labeling Explanation: 1. Acquisition Module; 2. Calculation Module; 3. Adjustment Module; 4. Optimization Module; 301. Processor; 302. Memory; 303. Communication Bus. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely represents selected embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0048] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Furthermore, in the description of this application, terms such as "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0049] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This application discloses a method for controlling electrohydrodynamic printing in some embodiments, used to control an electrohydrodynamic printing system to adapt to changes in fluid viscosity, including:

[0050] Step S101: Real-time acquisition of the viscosity state parameters of the fluid in the electrohydrodynamic printing system during the printing process;

[0051] Step S102: Input the viscosity state parameters into the preset fluid state calculation formula to calculate the fluid state evaluation value.

[0052] Step S103: Based on the fluid state assessment value, adjust the electric field parameters according to the preset adjustment criteria to adapt to the fluid state change, and obtain the adjusted electric field parameters.

[0053] Step S104: Based on the viscosity change of the fluid and the shape of the Taylor cone, optimize the adjusted electric field parameters to control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone.

[0054] This electrohydrodynamic printing control method adjusts the electric field parameters by considering the fluid state assessment value, viscosity changes, and Taylor cone morphology during the printing process. This allows the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone, solving the problem that existing electrohydrodynamic printing control methods struggle to achieve real-time response and dynamic adjustment to fluid viscosity changes, leading to a decline in printing quality and accuracy. It can adapt to dynamic viscosity changes in the printing material, ensuring the stability of the Taylor cone and the precise formation of the jet, thus improving the printing efficiency of electrohydrodynamic printing.

[0055] Specifically, in step S101, the viscosity state parameters of the fluid during the printing process of the electrohydrodynamic printing system are acquired in real time. The viscosity state parameters refer to various physical quantities that can reflect the viscosity characteristics of the fluid, such as the fluid viscosity, temperature and jet diameter.

[0056] Before a printing job begins, the electrohydrodynamic (EHDM) printing system undergoes a comprehensive initialization process. First, it loads a pre-built, complete material parameter database from local storage or a cloud database. This database not only contains the basic physicochemical properties of common bio-inks (such as collagen and sodium alginate) and electronic functional materials (such as silver nanoparticle suspensions and conductive polymers), but more importantly, it stores a three-dimensional viscosity-voltage-frequency relationship matrix for various materials under different temperature and humidity conditions, validated through extensive experimentation. The EHDM system automatically matches the optimal initial parameters based on the user-selected printing material. For example, for low-viscosity (1-100 mPa·s) bio-inks, a default voltage of 3-3.5 kV and a frequency of 1-2 kHz are used; for medium-to-high viscosity (100-1000 mPa·s) electronic pastes, a voltage of 4-5 kV and a pulse mode of 2-3 kHz are used. Simultaneously, the nozzle-substrate spacing is automatically adjusted according to the material type. Biomaterials are typically set to 1-2 mm for gentle deposition conditions, while electronic materials are set to 0.5-1 mm for higher precision patterning.

[0057] After printing begins, the electrohydrodynamic printing system enters a high-intensity monitoring state. Based on a pre-set microfluidic viscosity sensor, employing an integrated U-shaped microchannel structure, it measures the pressure difference change of the fluid within a 200μm channel, enabling real-time viscosity detection with an accuracy of ±1 mPa·s and a sampling frequency as high as 500 Hz. A corresponding infrared temperature sensor monitors temperature fluctuations as the ink flows through the nozzle at a frequency of 100 Hz, with an accuracy of ±0.1℃. A high-speed CMOS camera (1000fps) continuously captures changes in the Taylor cone shape and jet diameter. Thus, the viscosity parameters of the fluid during the printing process are obtained by the electrohydrodynamic printing system.

[0058] Specifically, the viscosity state parameters include the fluid's viscosity, temperature, and jet diameter; in step S102, the viscosity state parameters are input into a preset fluid state calculation formula to calculate the fluid state evaluation value, including:

[0059] Based on the real-time acquired viscosity, temperature and jet diameter, the viscosity change rate, temperature deviation and jet stability ratio within the preset period are calculated.

[0060] The viscosity change rate, temperature deviation, and jet stability ratio are input into the preset fluid state calculation formula to calculate the fluid state evaluation value.

[0061] In step S102, the viscosity change rate, temperature deviation, and jet stability ratio within a preset period are calculated. This transforms the original, potentially interrelated viscosity state parameters into more representative intermediate indicators, which can more sensitively capture subtle changes in the fluid during the printing process. The viscosity change rate refers to the degree of change in fluid viscosity within the preset period, reflecting the trend and rate of viscosity change over time. It can be calculated based on the viscosity sensor readings within the preset period. The temperature deviation refers to the difference between the fluid temperature and the preset target temperature, indicating whether the fluid is being heated or cooled, thus affecting its viscosity. It can also be calculated based on the temperature sensor readings within the preset period. The jet stability ratio can be understood as an indicator of fluid jet stability, calculated based on fluctuations in the jet diameter. Its purpose is to evaluate the formation and maintenance of the Taylor cone. The preset period can be set according to actual needs, typically 10 ms.

[0062] By inputting viscosity change rate, temperature deviation, and jet stability ratio into a preset fluid state calculation formula, the fluid state assessment value is obtained. This refined assessment enables the electrohydrodynamic printing system to identify fluid state anomalies or trends more promptly and accurately, thereby providing more precise input for subsequent electric field parameter adjustments and effectively improving the stability of the printing process and product quality.

[0063] The preset fluid state calculation formula is as follows:

[0064] ;

[0065] in, This is a fluid state assessment value; This is a parameter for fluid state assessment, typically set to 0.33; The viscosity change rate , The viscosity was obtained before the preset cycle. The viscosity obtained after a preset period; For temperature deviation, , The temperature obtained before the preset cycle, The temperature obtained after a preset period. This represents the maximum temperature difference of the material, when the fluid is a biological material. =5℃, when the fluid is an electronic material =10℃; S is the jet stability ratio. , The jet diameter obtained before the preset cycle, The jet diameter obtained after a preset period. This is the critical value for the jet diameter. It is generally set to 0.6; This is the weighting factor for the viscosity change rate, typically set to 0.5; This is the weighting factor for temperature deviation, typically set to 0.3; This is the weighting coefficient for the jet stability ratio, which is generally set to 0.2.

[0066] Specifically, in step S103, based on the fluid state assessment value and according to a preset adjustment criterion, the electric field parameters are adjusted to adapt to the fluid state change, resulting in the adjusted electric field parameters, including:

[0067] Based on the multiple threshold intervals pre-divided in the preset adjustment criteria, determine the threshold interval in which the fluid state evaluation value is located;

[0068] Based on the threshold range where the fluid state assessment value falls, the corresponding regulation strategy is determined;

[0069] According to the adjustment strategy, the electric field parameters are adjusted to adapt to the changes in the fluid state, and the adjusted electric field parameters are obtained.

[0070] It should be noted that the preset adjustment criterion divides the entire possible range of fluid state assessment values ​​into multiple discrete threshold intervals, each corresponding to one or a set of specific adjustment strategies. When the fluid state assessment value falls within any threshold interval, the corresponding adjustment strategy will be executed.

[0071] In step S103, after obtaining the fluid state assessment value, the fluid state assessment value is compared with multiple threshold intervals in the preset adjustment criteria to determine which specific threshold interval it falls into. For example, interval 1 can be set to [0, 0.4), interval 2 to [0.4, 0.7], interval 3 to [0.7, 1.0], etc. The specific threshold intervals can be divided according to the actual situation.

[0072] Once the threshold range of the fluid state assessment value is determined, the electrohydrodynamic printing system will search for and determine the corresponding adjustment strategy from the preset adjustment criteria based on this range. For example, when 0 ≤ When the value is less than 0.4, it indicates that the fluid state is in a stable control state, and the corresponding adjustment strategy is to maintain the existing operating parameters, i.e., not to adjust the electric field parameters. When 0.4 ≤ When the value is less than 0.7, it indicates a slight deviation in the fluid state. The corresponding adjustment strategy is to slightly adjust (increase or decrease) the electric field parameter in steps of 0.1 kV / 50 Hz. When 0.7 ≤ A value ≤0.1 indicates a significant deviation in the fluid state. The corresponding adjustment strategy is a triple emergency measure: immediately initiating voltage regulation (increasing or decreasing) within a 0.2kV range, frequency regulation (increasing or decreasing) within a 100Hz range, nozzle vibration regulation within a 10μm range, and active material supply regulation (propelling the material to prevent congestion). Here, the electric field parameters include voltage and frequency; adjusting the electric field parameters generally refers to adjusting the voltage and / or frequency.

[0073] Subsequently, the current electric field parameters are adjusted according to the determined adjustment strategy to adapt to the changes in the fluid state, resulting in adjusted electric field parameters. This process aims to enable the electric field parameters to dynamically adapt to the current changes in the fluid state, ensuring the stability and accuracy of the printing process.

[0074] Specifically, in step S104, based on the viscosity change of the fluid and the Taylor cone morphology, the adjusted electric field parameters are optimized to control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone, including:

[0075] Determine whether the viscosity change rate between two consecutive viscosity measurements in the viscosity state parameters is greater than a preset viscosity change rate threshold; if not, maintain the adjusted electric field parameters; if so, adjust the adjusted electric field parameters based on a preset dynamic adjustment mechanism to obtain the second adjusted electric field parameters.

[0076] Based on the diameter deviation between the jet diameter and the preset target diameter obtained sequentially from the viscosity state parameters, and the position deviation of the jet position obtained in two adjacent acquisitions, the electric field parameters after adjustment or after secondary adjustment are adjusted or maintained to control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone.

[0077] In step S104, by determining whether the viscosity change rate of two consecutive viscosity measurements in the viscosity state parameters is greater than a preset viscosity change rate threshold, a rapid response to changes in the macroscopic properties of the fluid is achieved. When the viscosity change rate is greater than the preset viscosity change rate threshold, the electrohydrodynamic printing system can promptly activate a preset dynamic adjustment mechanism to perform preliminary, large-scale adjustments to the electric field parameters, thereby obtaining the electric field parameters after secondary adjustment. When the viscosity change rate is less than or equal to the preset viscosity change rate threshold, the viscosity change is considered insignificant, and no adjustment of the electric field parameters is required. This viscosity change-based adjustment can proactively compensate for printing instability caused by changes in fluid properties, preventing further deterioration of the problem. The preset viscosity change rate threshold can be set according to actual conditions, typically set to 5%.

[0078] Based on the initial viscosity adjustment, or when viscosity changes are not significant, the electric field parameters are further finely adjusted or maintained based on the diameter deviation between the jet diameter obtained sequentially from the viscosity state parameters and the preset target diameter, as well as the positional deviation of the jet position obtained in two adjacent measurements. This adjustment based on the Taylor cone morphology (reflected by the jet diameter and position) ensures the microscopic stability of the printing process. The deviation in jet diameter directly affects the width and accuracy of the printed lines, while the deviation in jet position affects the accuracy of the printed pattern. By monitoring and adjusting these parameters in real time, it can be ensured that the Taylor cone is always maintained in an ideal stable state, thereby guaranteeing print quality.

[0079] Specifically, in step S104, based on a preset dynamic adjustment mechanism, the adjusted electric field parameters are further adjusted to obtain the secondary adjusted electric field parameters, including:

[0080] An initial adjustment scheme is extracted from a preset viscosity-electric field parameter mapping database, and the adjusted electric field parameters are initially adjusted based on the initial adjustment scheme to obtain the initially adjusted electric field parameters.

[0081] Adjust the electric field parameters after the initial adjustment so that the adjusted fluid diameter approaches the preset target diameter, and obtain the electric field parameters after further adjustment;

[0082] Based on the preset adjustment range, the electric field parameters are adjusted again so that the fluctuation rate of the adjusted fluid diameter is within the preset fluctuation range, thus obtaining the electric field parameters after secondary adjustment.

[0083] In step S104, when a significant change in fluid viscosity is detected (i.e., the viscosity change rate is greater than a preset viscosity change rate threshold), a pre-established database is queried. This database stores the mapping relationship between different viscosity values ​​and the corresponding initial adjustment schemes for electric field parameters. By querying this database, an initial adjustment scheme matching the current viscosity state can be quickly obtained (for example, when the viscosity of the bio-ink increases from 15 mPa·s to 18 mPa·s (a change of 20%, greater than the preset viscosity change rate threshold of 5%), an initial adjustment scheme that requires increasing the voltage by 0.4 kV or decreasing the frequency by 300 Hz is automatically matched). The purpose is to provide a reasonable starting point for subsequent fine-tuning, avoid blind adjustment, and significantly shorten the time required for the electrohydrodynamic printing system to reach a stable state.

[0084] After obtaining the initially adjusted electric field parameters, the actual jet diameter of the fluid is further monitored. If there is a deviation between the actual jet diameter and the preset target diameter, the electric field parameters are fine-tuned according to the deviation, for example, by using PID control or other closed-loop control algorithms, to gradually reduce the diameter deviation and make the jet diameter gradually approach the preset target diameter, so as to ensure that the printed structure has accurate dimensions.

[0085] After the jet diameter approaches the target diameter, its fluctuation is continuously monitored. If the diameter fluctuation rate exceeds a preset fluctuation range, the electric field parameters are further finely adjusted within a preset adjustment range to suppress excessive diameter fluctuations and ensure that the fluctuation rate of the adjusted fluid diameter is within the preset fluctuation range. This is achieved, for example, by adjusting the voltage or frequency to determine the optimal voltage-frequency combination, resulting in the adjusted electric field parameters. This ensures the stability of the printing process and improves print quality. The preset adjustment range and preset fluctuation range can be set according to actual needs, typically ±5%.

[0086] Specifically, in step S104, based on the diameter deviation between the jet diameter obtained sequentially from the viscosity state parameters and the preset target diameter, and the positional deviation of the jet positions obtained in two adjacent acquisitions, the adjusted electric field parameters or the second-adjusted electric field parameters are adjusted or maintained to control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone, including:

[0087] Determine whether the diameter deviation between the jet diameter obtained sequentially from the viscosity state parameters and the preset target diameter is greater than the preset diameter deviation threshold, or whether the positional deviation between two adjacent jet positions is greater than the preset positional deviation threshold.

[0088] When the diameter deviation between the jet diameter obtained sequentially from the viscosity state parameters and the preset target diameter is not greater than the preset diameter deviation threshold, and the position deviation between two adjacent jet positions is not greater than the preset position deviation threshold, it is determined that the Taylor cone of the fluid is maintained in a stable state, and the adjusted electric field parameters or the secondary adjusted electric field parameters are maintained to control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone.

[0089] When the diameter deviation between the jet diameter obtained sequentially from the viscosity state parameters and the preset target diameter is greater than the preset diameter deviation threshold, or the position deviation between two adjacent jet positions is greater than the preset position deviation threshold, it is determined that the Taylor cone of the fluid is in an unstable state. The adjusted electric field parameters or the electric field parameters after secondary adjustment are optimized until the optimized diameter deviation is less than or equal to the preset diameter deviation threshold and the optimized position deviation is less than or equal to the preset position deviation threshold, so as to control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone.

[0090] In step S104, by introducing real-time monitoring and evaluation of the jet diameter and jet position, the actual stable state of the Taylor cone can be determined more precisely. By monitoring the jet diameter and jet position in real time, it is possible to determine whether the diameter deviation between the jet diameter obtained sequentially from the viscosity state parameters and the preset target diameter is greater than a preset diameter deviation threshold, or whether the position deviation between two adjacent jet positions is greater than a preset position deviation threshold. This allows for accurate identification of the stable or unstable state of the Taylor cone. The preset target diameter can be set experimentally or by simulating the jet diameter of the Taylor cone in a stable state; the preset diameter deviation threshold and the preset position deviation threshold can be set according to actual needs, specifically based on printing requirements or a pre-defined allowable error range for fluid characteristics.

[0091] When the diameter deviation between the jet diameter and the preset target diameter, as well as the position deviation between two adjacent jet positions, are all within an acceptable threshold range, it indicates that the Taylor cone is in an ideal stable state. At this time, there is no need to make additional adjustments to the electric field parameters, thereby avoiding unnecessary system disturbances.

[0092] Conversely, if any deviation (diameter deviation and position deviation) exceeds the preset threshold (preset diameter deviation threshold and preset position deviation threshold), the Taylor cone is determined to be in an unstable state, and the optimization process of the electric field parameters is triggered. For example, the voltage is adjusted in a limiting step of ±0.2 kV by a PID controller, and the frequency Δf is synchronously compensated, where Δf = -20 * ΔV, ΔV is the voltage adjustment amount, and ΔV = limiting step * number of adjustments, so that any deviation is stably within the preset threshold.

[0093] This optimization is continuous until both diameter and positional deviations return to the preset allowable range, ensuring the continued stability of the Taylor cone. This feedback mechanism based on dual deviation assessment effectively addresses various disturbances that may occur during printing, maintaining the accuracy and stability of the printing process.

[0094] As can be seen from the above, this electrohydrodynamic printing control method acquires the viscosity state parameters of the fluid during the printing process in real time, inputs these parameters into a preset fluid state calculation formula, calculates the fluid state evaluation value, and adjusts the electric field parameters according to preset adjustment criteria based on the fluid state evaluation value to adapt to the fluid state changes, thus obtaining the adjusted electric field parameters. Based on the fluid viscosity changes and Taylor cone morphology, the adjusted electric field parameters are optimized to control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone. Therefore, by adjusting the electric field parameters based on the fluid state evaluation value, viscosity changes, and Taylor cone morphology during the printing process, the electrohydrodynamic printing system maintains the stability of the Taylor cone. This solves the problem of existing electrohydrodynamic printing control methods being unable to achieve real-time response and dynamic adjustment to fluid viscosity changes, leading to a decrease in printing quality and accuracy. It can adapt to the dynamic viscosity changes of the printing material, ensure the stability of the Taylor cone and the accurate formation of the jet, and improve the printing efficiency of electrohydrodynamic printing.

[0095] refer to Figure 2 This application provides an electrohydrodynamic printing control device, which can be used to implement the above-mentioned electrohydrodynamic printing control method and can control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to adapt to changes in fluid viscosity, including:

[0096] Module 1 is used to acquire the viscosity state parameters of the fluid during the printing process of the electrohydrodynamic printing system in real time.

[0097] Calculation module 2 is used to input viscosity state parameters into a preset fluid state calculation formula to calculate the fluid state evaluation value.

[0098] The adjustment module 3 is used to adjust the electric field parameters according to the fluid state assessment value and the preset adjustment criteria to adapt to the fluid state change, and obtain the adjusted electric field parameters.

[0099] Optimization module 4 is used to optimize the adjusted electric field parameters based on the viscosity change of the fluid and the shape of the Taylor cone, so as to control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone.

[0100] This electrohydrodynamic printing control device adjusts the electric field parameters based on the fluid state assessment value, viscosity change, and Taylor cone morphology of the fluid during the printing process. This allows the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone, solving the problem that existing electrohydrodynamic printing control methods struggle to achieve real-time response and dynamic adjustment to fluid viscosity changes, leading to a decline in printing quality and accuracy. It can adapt to dynamic viscosity changes in the printing material, ensuring the stability of the Taylor cone and the precise formation of the jet, thus improving the printing efficiency of electrohydrodynamic printing.

[0101] Specifically, when the acquisition module 1 is executed, it acquires the viscosity state parameters of the fluid during the printing process of the electrohydrodynamic printing system in real time. The viscosity state parameters refer to various physical quantities that can reflect the viscosity characteristics of the fluid, such as the fluid viscosity, temperature and jet diameter.

[0102] Before a printing job begins, the electrohydrodynamic (EHDM) printing system undergoes a comprehensive initialization process. First, it loads a pre-built, complete material parameter database from local storage or a cloud database. This database not only contains the basic physicochemical properties of common bio-inks (such as collagen and sodium alginate) and electronic functional materials (such as silver nanoparticle suspensions and conductive polymers), but more importantly, it stores a three-dimensional viscosity-voltage-frequency relationship matrix for various materials under different temperature and humidity conditions, validated through extensive experimentation. The EHDM system automatically matches the optimal initial parameters based on the user-selected printing material. For example, for low-viscosity (1-100 mPa·s) bio-inks, a default voltage of 3-3.5 kV and a frequency of 1-2 kHz are used; for medium-to-high viscosity (100-1000 mPa·s) electronic pastes, a voltage of 4-5 kV and a pulse mode of 2-3 kHz are used. Simultaneously, the nozzle-substrate spacing is automatically adjusted according to the material type. Biomaterials are typically set to 1-2 mm for gentle deposition conditions, while electronic materials are set to 0.5-1 mm for higher precision patterning.

[0103] After printing begins, the electrohydrodynamic printing system enters a high-intensity monitoring state. Based on a pre-set microfluidic viscosity sensor, employing an integrated U-shaped microchannel structure, it measures the pressure difference change of the fluid within a 200μm channel, enabling real-time viscosity detection with an accuracy of ±1 mPa·s and a sampling frequency as high as 500 Hz. A corresponding infrared temperature sensor monitors temperature fluctuations as the ink flows through the nozzle at a frequency of 100 Hz, with an accuracy of ±0.1℃. A high-speed CMOS camera (1000fps) continuously captures changes in the Taylor cone shape and jet diameter. Thus, the viscosity parameters of the fluid during the printing process are obtained by the electrohydrodynamic printing system.

[0104] Specifically, the viscosity state parameters include the fluid's viscosity, temperature, and jet diameter; when the calculation module 2 inputs the viscosity state parameters into the preset fluid state calculation formula and calculates the fluid state evaluation value, it executes:

[0105] Based on the real-time acquired viscosity, temperature and jet diameter, the viscosity change rate, temperature deviation and jet stability ratio within the preset period are calculated.

[0106] The viscosity change rate, temperature deviation, and jet stability ratio are input into the preset fluid state calculation formula to calculate the fluid state evaluation value.

[0107] During execution, calculation module 2 calculates the viscosity change rate, temperature deviation, and jet stability ratio within a preset period. This transforms the original, potentially interrelated viscosity parameters into more representative intermediate indicators, which can more sensitively capture subtle changes in the fluid during the printing process. The viscosity change rate refers to the degree of viscosity change within the preset period, reflecting the trend and rate of viscosity change over time. It can be calculated based on the viscosity sensor readings within the preset period. Temperature deviation refers to the difference between the fluid temperature and the preset target temperature, indicating whether the fluid is being heated or cooled, thus affecting its viscosity. It can also be calculated based on the temperature sensor readings within the preset period. The jet stability ratio can be understood as an indicator of fluid jet stability, calculated based on fluctuations in the jet diameter. Its purpose is to evaluate the formation and maintenance of the Taylor cone. The preset period can be set according to actual needs, typically 10ms.

[0108] By inputting viscosity change rate, temperature deviation, and jet stability ratio into a preset fluid state calculation formula, the fluid state assessment value is obtained. This refined assessment enables the electrohydrodynamic printing system to identify fluid state anomalies or trends more promptly and accurately, thereby providing more precise input for subsequent electric field parameter adjustments and effectively improving the stability of the printing process and product quality.

[0109] The preset fluid state calculation formula is as follows:

[0110] ;

[0111] in, This is a fluid state assessment value; This is a parameter for fluid state assessment, typically set to 0.33; The viscosity change rate , The viscosity was obtained before the preset cycle. The viscosity obtained after a preset period; For temperature deviation, , The temperature obtained before the preset cycle, The temperature obtained after a preset period. This represents the maximum temperature difference of the material, when the fluid is a biological material. =5℃, when the fluid is an electronic material =10℃; S is the jet stability ratio. , The jet diameter obtained before the preset cycle, The jet diameter obtained after a preset period. This is the critical value for the jet diameter. It is generally set to 0.6; This is the weighting factor for the viscosity change rate, typically set to 0.5; This is the weighting factor for temperature deviation, typically set to 0.3; This is the weighting coefficient for the jet stability ratio, which is generally set to 0.2.

[0112] Specifically, when the adjustment module 3 adjusts the electric field parameters according to the fluid state assessment value and a preset adjustment criterion to adapt to the fluid state change, and obtains the adjusted electric field parameters, it executes the following:

[0113] Based on the multiple threshold intervals pre-divided in the preset adjustment criteria, determine the threshold interval in which the fluid state evaluation value is located;

[0114] Based on the threshold range where the fluid state assessment value falls, the corresponding regulation strategy is determined;

[0115] According to the adjustment strategy, the electric field parameters are adjusted to adapt to the changes in the fluid state, and the adjusted electric field parameters are obtained.

[0116] It should be noted that the preset adjustment criterion divides the entire possible range of fluid state assessment values ​​into multiple discrete threshold intervals, each corresponding to one or a set of specific adjustment strategies. When the fluid state assessment value falls within any threshold interval, the corresponding adjustment strategy will be executed.

[0117] When the adjustment module 3 executes, after acquiring the fluid state assessment value, this value is compared with multiple threshold intervals in the preset adjustment criteria to determine which specific threshold interval it falls into. For example, interval 1 can be set to [0, 0.4), interval 2 to [0.4, 0.7], interval 3 to [0.7, 1.0], etc. The specific threshold intervals can be divided according to the actual situation.

[0118] Once the threshold range of the fluid state assessment value is determined, the electrohydrodynamic printing system will search for and determine the corresponding adjustment strategy from the preset adjustment criteria based on this range. For example, when 0 ≤ When the value is less than 0.4, it indicates that the fluid state is in a stable control state, and the corresponding adjustment strategy is to maintain the existing operating parameters, i.e., not to adjust the electric field parameters. When 0.4 ≤ When the value is less than 0.7, it indicates a slight deviation in the fluid state. The corresponding adjustment strategy is to slightly adjust (increase or decrease) the electric field parameter in steps of 0.1 kV / 50 Hz. When 0.7 ≤ A value ≤0.1 indicates a significant deviation in the fluid state. The corresponding adjustment strategy is a triple emergency measure: immediately initiating voltage regulation (increasing or decreasing) within a 0.2kV range, frequency regulation (increasing or decreasing) within a 100Hz range, nozzle vibration regulation within a 10μm range, and active material supply regulation (propelling the material to prevent congestion). Here, the electric field parameters include voltage and frequency; adjusting the electric field parameters generally refers to adjusting the voltage and / or frequency.

[0119] Subsequently, the current electric field parameters are adjusted according to the determined adjustment strategy to adapt to the changes in the fluid state, resulting in adjusted electric field parameters. This process aims to enable the electric field parameters to dynamically adapt to the current changes in the fluid state, ensuring the stability and accuracy of the printing process.

[0120] Specifically, when optimizing the electric field parameters based on the fluid viscosity change and Taylor cone morphology to control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone, the optimization module 4 performs the following:

[0121] Determine whether the viscosity change rate between two consecutive viscosity measurements in the viscosity state parameters is greater than a preset viscosity change rate threshold; if not, maintain the adjusted electric field parameters; if so, adjust the adjusted electric field parameters based on a preset dynamic adjustment mechanism to obtain the second adjusted electric field parameters.

[0122] Based on the diameter deviation between the jet diameter and the preset target diameter obtained sequentially from the viscosity state parameters, and the position deviation of the jet position obtained in two adjacent acquisitions, the electric field parameters after adjustment or after secondary adjustment are adjusted or maintained to control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone.

[0123] During execution, optimization module 4 rapidly responds to changes in the macroscopic properties of the fluid by determining whether the viscosity change rate between two consecutive viscosity measurements exceeds a preset viscosity change rate threshold. When the viscosity change rate exceeds the preset threshold, the electrohydrodynamic printing system promptly activates a preset dynamic adjustment mechanism to perform preliminary, wide-range adjustments to the electric field parameters, resulting in secondary adjusted electric field parameters. When the viscosity change rate is less than or equal to the preset threshold, the viscosity change is considered insignificant, and no adjustment of the electric field parameters is required. This viscosity-change-based adjustment proactively compensates for printing instability caused by changes in fluid properties, preventing further deterioration of the problem. The preset viscosity change rate threshold can be set according to actual conditions, typically 5%.

[0124] Based on the initial viscosity adjustment, or when viscosity changes are not significant, the electric field parameters are further finely adjusted or maintained based on the diameter deviation between the jet diameter obtained sequentially from the viscosity state parameters and the preset target diameter, as well as the positional deviation of the jet position obtained in two adjacent measurements. This adjustment based on the Taylor cone morphology (reflected by the jet diameter and position) ensures the microscopic stability of the printing process. The deviation in jet diameter directly affects the width and accuracy of the printed lines, while the deviation in jet position affects the accuracy of the printed pattern. By monitoring and adjusting these parameters in real time, it can be ensured that the Taylor cone is always maintained in an ideal stable state, thereby guaranteeing print quality.

[0125] Specifically, when optimization module 4 adjusts the adjusted electric field parameters based on a preset dynamic adjustment mechanism to obtain the electric field parameters after secondary adjustment, it executes the following:

[0126] An initial adjustment scheme is extracted from a preset viscosity-electric field parameter mapping database, and the adjusted electric field parameters are initially adjusted based on the initial adjustment scheme to obtain the initially adjusted electric field parameters.

[0127] Adjust the electric field parameters after the initial adjustment so that the adjusted fluid diameter approaches the preset target diameter, and obtain the electric field parameters after further adjustment;

[0128] Based on the preset adjustment range, the electric field parameters are adjusted again so that the fluctuation rate of the adjusted fluid diameter is within the preset fluctuation range, thus obtaining the electric field parameters after secondary adjustment.

[0129] When optimization module 4 is executed, it queries a pre-established database when it detects a significant change in fluid viscosity (i.e., the viscosity change rate is greater than a preset viscosity change rate threshold). This database stores the mapping relationship between different viscosity values ​​and the corresponding initial adjustment schemes for electric field parameters. By querying this database, an initial adjustment scheme that matches the current viscosity state can be quickly obtained (for example, when the viscosity of the bio-ink increases from 15 mPa·s to 18 mPa·s (a change of 20%, greater than the preset viscosity change rate threshold of 5%), an initial adjustment scheme that requires increasing the voltage by 0.4 kV or decreasing the frequency by 300 Hz is automatically matched). The purpose is to provide a reasonable starting point for subsequent fine-tuning, avoid blind adjustment, and significantly shorten the time required for the electrohydrodynamic printing system to reach a stable state.

[0130] After obtaining the initially adjusted electric field parameters, the actual jet diameter of the fluid is further monitored. If there is a deviation between the actual jet diameter and the preset target diameter, the electric field parameters are fine-tuned according to the deviation, for example, by using PID control or other closed-loop control algorithms, to gradually reduce the diameter deviation and make the jet diameter gradually approach the preset target diameter, so as to ensure that the printed structure has accurate dimensions.

[0131] After the jet diameter approaches the target diameter, its fluctuation is continuously monitored. If the diameter fluctuation rate exceeds a preset fluctuation range, the electric field parameters are further finely adjusted within a preset adjustment range to suppress excessive diameter fluctuations and ensure that the fluctuation rate of the adjusted fluid diameter is within the preset fluctuation range. This is achieved, for example, by adjusting the voltage or frequency to determine the optimal voltage-frequency combination, resulting in the adjusted electric field parameters. This ensures the stability of the printing process and improves print quality. The preset adjustment range and preset fluctuation range can be set according to actual needs, typically ±5%.

[0132] Specifically, when the optimization module 4 adjusts or maintains the adjusted electric field parameters or the second-adjusted electric field parameters based on the diameter deviation between the jet diameter and the preset target diameter obtained sequentially from the viscosity state parameters, and the position deviation of the jet position obtained in two adjacent acquisitions, in order to control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone, the following is executed:

[0133] Determine whether the diameter deviation between the jet diameter obtained sequentially from the viscosity state parameters and the preset target diameter is greater than the preset diameter deviation threshold, or whether the positional deviation between two adjacent jet positions is greater than the preset positional deviation threshold.

[0134] When the diameter deviation between the jet diameter obtained sequentially from the viscosity state parameters and the preset target diameter is not greater than the preset diameter deviation threshold, and the position deviation between two adjacent jet positions is not greater than the preset position deviation threshold, it is determined that the Taylor cone of the fluid is maintained in a stable state, and the adjusted electric field parameters or the secondary adjusted electric field parameters are maintained to control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone.

[0135] When the diameter deviation between the jet diameter obtained sequentially from the viscosity state parameters and the preset target diameter is greater than the preset diameter deviation threshold, or the position deviation between two adjacent jet positions is greater than the preset position deviation threshold, it is determined that the Taylor cone of the fluid is in an unstable state. The adjusted electric field parameters or the electric field parameters after secondary adjustment are optimized until the optimized diameter deviation is less than or equal to the preset diameter deviation threshold and the optimized position deviation is less than or equal to the preset position deviation threshold, so as to control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone.

[0136] During execution, optimization module 4, by introducing real-time monitoring and evaluation of the jet diameter and jet position, can more precisely determine the actual stable state of the Taylor cone. By monitoring the jet diameter and jet position in real time, it can determine whether the diameter deviation between the sequentially obtained jet diameter and the preset target diameter in the viscosity state parameters exceeds a preset diameter deviation threshold, or whether the positional deviation between two adjacent obtained jet positions exceeds a preset positional deviation threshold, thus accurately identifying the stable or unstable state of the Taylor cone. The preset target diameter can be set experimentally or by simulating the jet diameter of the Taylor cone in a stable state; the preset diameter deviation threshold and the preset positional deviation threshold can be set according to actual needs, specifically based on printing requirements or pre-defined allowable error ranges for fluid characteristics.

[0137] When the diameter deviation between the jet diameter and the preset target diameter, as well as the position deviation between two adjacent jet positions, are all within an acceptable threshold range, it indicates that the Taylor cone is in an ideal stable state. At this time, there is no need to make additional adjustments to the electric field parameters, thereby avoiding unnecessary system disturbances.

[0138] Conversely, if any deviation (diameter deviation and position deviation) exceeds the preset threshold (preset diameter deviation threshold and preset position deviation threshold), the Taylor cone is determined to be in an unstable state, and the optimization process of the electric field parameters is triggered. For example, the voltage is adjusted in a limiting step of ±0.2 kV by a PID controller, and the frequency Δf is synchronously compensated, where Δf = -20 * ΔV, ΔV is the voltage adjustment amount, and ΔV = limiting step * number of adjustments, so that any deviation is stably within the preset threshold.

[0139] This optimization is continuous until both diameter and positional deviations return to the preset allowable range, ensuring the continued stability of the Taylor cone. This feedback mechanism based on dual deviation assessment effectively addresses various disturbances that may occur during printing, maintaining the accuracy and stability of the printing process.

[0140] As can be seen from the above, this electrohydrodynamic printing control device acquires the viscosity state parameters of the fluid during the printing process in real time, inputs these parameters into a preset fluid state calculation formula, calculates the fluid state evaluation value, and adjusts the electric field parameters according to preset adjustment criteria based on the fluid state evaluation value to adapt to the fluid state changes, thus obtaining the adjusted electric field parameters. Based on the fluid viscosity changes and Taylor cone morphology, the adjusted electric field parameters are optimized to control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone. Therefore, by adjusting the electric field parameters based on the fluid state evaluation value, viscosity changes, and Taylor cone morphology during the printing process, the electrohydrodynamic printing system maintains the stability of the Taylor cone. This solves the problem that existing electrohydrodynamic printing control methods are unable to achieve real-time response and dynamic adjustment to fluid viscosity changes, leading to a decrease in printing quality and accuracy. It can adapt to the dynamic viscosity changes of the printing material, ensure the stability of the Taylor cone and the accurate formation of the jet, and improve the printing efficiency of electrohydrodynamic printing.

[0141] Please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. The electronic device includes a processor 301 and a memory 302. The processor 301 and the memory 302 are interconnected and communicate with each other via a communication bus 303 and / or other connection mechanisms (not shown). The memory 302 stores a computer program executable by the processor 301. When the electronic device is running, the processor 301 executes the computer program to perform the electrohydrodynamic printing control method in any optional implementation of the above embodiments, to achieve the following functions: real-time acquisition of the viscosity state parameters of the fluid during the printing process of the electrohydrodynamic printing system; inputting the viscosity state parameters into a preset fluid state calculation formula to calculate the fluid state evaluation value; adjusting the electric field parameters according to the fluid state evaluation value and a preset adjustment criterion to adapt to the fluid state change, obtaining the adjusted electric field parameters; and optimizing the adjusted electric field parameters based on the fluid viscosity change and the Taylor cone shape to control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone.

[0142] This application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it executes the electrohydrodynamic printing control method in any optional implementation of the above embodiments to achieve the following functions: real-time acquisition of the viscosity state parameters of the fluid during the printing process of the electrohydrodynamic printing system; inputting the viscosity state parameters into a preset fluid state calculation formula to calculate the fluid state evaluation value; adjusting the electric field parameters according to the fluid state evaluation value and a preset adjustment criterion to adapt to the fluid state change, obtaining the adjusted electric field parameters; and optimizing the adjusted electric field parameters based on the fluid viscosity change and Taylor cone shape to control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone. The storage medium can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM), Programmable Red-Only Memory (PROM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0143] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. Furthermore, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Additionally, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings, direct couplings, or communication connections may be through some communication interfaces; indirect couplings or communication connections between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0144] Furthermore, the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment, depending on actual needs.

[0145] Furthermore, the functional modules in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated together to form an independent part, or each module can exist independently, or two or more modules can be integrated to form an independent part.

[0146] In this document, relational terms such as first and second are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, without necessarily requiring or implying any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.

[0147] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for controlling electrohydrodynamic printing, used to control an electrohydrodynamic printing system to adapt to changes in fluid viscosity, characterized in that, Including the following steps: Real-time acquisition of fluid viscosity parameters during the printing process in the electrohydrodynamic printing system; The viscosity state parameter is input into a preset fluid state calculation formula to calculate the fluid state evaluation value of the fluid. Based on the fluid state assessment value, the electric field parameters are adjusted according to a preset adjustment criterion to adapt to the fluid state change, and the adjusted electric field parameters are obtained. Based on the viscosity change of the fluid and the Taylor cone shape, the adjusted electric field parameters are optimized to control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone. The viscosity state parameters include the fluid viscosity, temperature, and jet diameter; The viscosity state parameter is input into a preset fluid state calculation formula to calculate the fluid state evaluation value, including: Based on the real-time acquired viscosity, temperature, and jet diameter, the viscosity change rate, temperature deviation, and jet stability ratio within a preset period are calculated. The viscosity change rate, the temperature deviation, and the jet stability ratio are input into a preset fluid state calculation formula to calculate the fluid state evaluation value of the fluid. The preset fluid state calculation formula is as follows: ； in, This is a fluid state assessment value; Parameters for fluid state assessment; This represents the viscosity change rate. , The viscosity was obtained before the preset cycle. The viscosity obtained after a preset period; For temperature deviation, , The temperature obtained before the preset cycle, The temperature obtained after a preset period. S represents the maximum temperature difference of the material; S is the jet stability ratio. , The jet diameter obtained before the preset cycle, The jet diameter obtained after a preset period. This is the critical value for the jet diameter; This is the weighting coefficient for the viscosity change rate; This is the weighting coefficient for temperature deviation; This is the weighting coefficient for the jet stability ratio.

2. The electrohydrodynamic printing control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the fluid state assessment value, and according to a preset adjustment criterion, the electric field parameters are adjusted to adapt to the fluid state changes, resulting in the adjusted electric field parameters, including: Based on multiple threshold intervals pre-divided in the preset adjustment criteria, the threshold interval in which the fluid state evaluation value is located is determined; Based on the threshold range in which the fluid state assessment value falls, a corresponding adjustment strategy is determined; According to the adjustment strategy, the electric field parameters are adjusted to adapt to the state changes of the fluid, and the adjusted electric field parameters are obtained.

3. The electrohydrodynamic printing control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the viscosity change of the fluid and the Taylor cone morphology, the adjusted electric field parameters are optimized to control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone, including: Determine whether the viscosity change rate of two consecutive viscosity measurements in the viscosity state parameters is greater than a preset viscosity change rate threshold; if not, maintain the adjusted electric field parameters; if so, adjust the adjusted electric field parameters based on a preset dynamic adjustment mechanism to obtain the adjusted electric field parameters after secondary adjustment. Based on the diameter deviation between the jet diameter and the preset target diameter obtained sequentially from the viscosity state parameters, and the position deviation between the jet positions obtained in two adjacent acquisitions, the adjusted electric field parameters or the second adjusted electric field parameters are adjusted or maintained to control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone.

4. The electrohydrodynamic printing control method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Based on a preset dynamic adjustment mechanism, the adjusted electric field parameters are further adjusted to obtain the secondary adjusted electric field parameters, including: An initial adjustment scheme is extracted from a preset viscosity-electric field parameter mapping database, and based on the initial adjustment scheme, the adjusted electric field parameters are initially adjusted to obtain the initially adjusted electric field parameters. The electric field parameters after the initial adjustment are adjusted so that the adjusted fluid diameter tends to the preset target diameter, and the electric field parameters after further adjustment are obtained. Based on a preset adjustment range, the electric field parameters after the second adjustment are adjusted so that the fluctuation rate of the adjusted fluid diameter is within a preset fluctuation range, thus obtaining the electric field parameters after the second adjustment.

5. The electrohydrodynamic printing control method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Based on the diameter deviation between the jet diameter and the preset target diameter obtained sequentially from the viscosity state parameters, and the positional deviation of the jet positions obtained in two adjacent acquisitions, the adjusted electric field parameters or the second-adjusted electric field parameters are adjusted or maintained to control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone, including: Determine whether the diameter deviation between the jet diameter obtained sequentially from the viscosity state parameters and the preset target diameter is greater than a preset diameter deviation threshold, or whether the positional deviation between two adjacent jet positions is greater than a preset positional deviation threshold. When the diameter deviation between the jet diameter obtained sequentially from the viscosity state parameters and the preset target diameter is not greater than the preset diameter deviation threshold, and the position deviation between two adjacent jet positions is not greater than the preset position deviation threshold, it is determined that the Taylor cone of the fluid is maintained in a stable state, and the adjusted electric field parameters or the second adjusted electric field parameters are maintained to control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone. When the diameter deviation between the jet diameter obtained sequentially from the viscosity state parameters and the preset target diameter is greater than the preset diameter deviation threshold, or the position deviation between two adjacent jet positions is greater than the preset position deviation threshold, it is determined that the Taylor cone of the fluid is in an unstable state. The adjusted electric field parameters or the secondary adjusted electric field parameters are optimized until the optimized diameter deviation is less than or equal to the preset diameter deviation threshold and the optimized position deviation is less than or equal to the preset position deviation threshold, so as to control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone.

6. A control device for electrohydrodynamic printing, used to control an electrohydrodynamic printing system to adapt to changes in fluid viscosity, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to acquire the viscosity state parameters of the fluid in the electrohydrodynamic printing system during the printing process in real time. The calculation module is used to input the viscosity state parameters into a preset fluid state calculation formula to calculate the fluid state evaluation value of the fluid. The adjustment module is used to adjust the electric field parameters according to the fluid state evaluation value and a preset adjustment criterion to adapt to the fluid state change, and obtain the adjusted electric field parameters. An optimization module is used to optimize the adjusted electric field parameters based on the viscosity change of the fluid and the Taylor cone shape, so as to control the electrohydrodynamic printing system to maintain the stability of the Taylor cone; The viscosity state parameters include the fluid viscosity, temperature, and jet diameter; The calculation module is used to input the viscosity state parameter into a preset fluid state calculation formula to calculate the fluid state evaluation value of the fluid, including: Based on the real-time acquired viscosity, temperature, and jet diameter, the viscosity change rate, temperature deviation, and jet stability ratio within a preset period are calculated. The viscosity change rate, the temperature deviation, and the jet stability ratio are input into a preset fluid state calculation formula to calculate the fluid state evaluation value of the fluid. The preset fluid state calculation formula is as follows: ； in, This is a fluid state assessment value; Parameters for fluid state assessment; This represents the viscosity change rate. , The viscosity was obtained before the preset cycle. The viscosity obtained after a preset period; For temperature deviation, , The temperature obtained before the preset cycle, The temperature obtained after a preset period. S represents the maximum temperature difference of the material; S is the jet stability ratio. , The jet diameter obtained before the preset cycle, The jet diameter obtained after a preset period. This is the critical value for the jet diameter; This is the weighting coefficient for the viscosity change rate; This is the weighting coefficient for temperature deviation; This is the weighting coefficient for the jet stability ratio.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a processor and a memory, the memory storing a computer program executable by the processor, and when the processor executes the computer program, it performs the steps of the electrohydrodynamic printing control method as described in any one of claims 1-5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it performs the steps in the electrohydrodynamic printing control method as described in any one of claims 1-5.

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