Intelligent garment based on self-adaptive fitting and flexible partitioning
Smart clothing, with its adaptive fit and flexible partition design, utilizes pneumatic airbags to regulate pressure and a multi-layered composite structure to resolve the conflict between data accuracy and comfort, achieving stable signal acquisition and comfortable wear.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511390377.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing smart clothing struggles to balance data accuracy and comfort when collecting physiological motion signals; improper tightness can lead to signal loss or discomfort.
It adopts an adaptive fit and flexible partition design, and uses a pneumatic airbag to adjust the pressure. Combined with flexible textile electrodes and pressure sensors, it forms a closed-loop control mechanism. With the help of a multi-layer composite structure and differentiated material selection, it achieves stable contact and comfort between the sensor and the skin.
While ensuring signal acquisition quality, it improves wearability comfort, reduces sensor displacement and stuffiness, enhances data detection accuracy and security, and adapts to different movement conditions.
Smart Images
Figure CN121040694A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of smart wearable technology, specifically to a smart garment based on adaptive fit and flexible partitioning. Background Technology
[0002] Current smart clothing requires sensors to maintain stable contact with the skin when collecting physiological motion signals such as heart rate, respiration, and posture. However, existing smart clothing struggles to properly adjust its tightness; too loose clothing leads to signal loss, while too tight clothing causes discomfort, making it impossible to balance data accuracy and comfort. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a smart garment with adaptive fit and flexible partitioning, which aims to balance the data acquisition accuracy and comfort of smart garments by adjusting the pressure of the fit.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0005] A smart garment based on adaptive fit and flexible partitioning includes a garment body and a sensor group. The sensor group includes a flexible textile electrode, a flexible pressure sensor, and a pneumatic airbag. The flexible textile electrode is located in the chest area of the garment body to collect the user's heart rate information. The flexible pressure sensor is located in the chest area of the garment body to monitor the contact pressure between the flexible textile electrode and the user. The pneumatic airbag is located on the outside of the flexible textile electrode. The garment also includes a main control module, which is electrically connected to the flexible textile electrode, the flexible pressure sensor, and the pneumatic airbag, and adjusts the inflation volume of the pneumatic airbag according to the contact pressure.
[0006] Furthermore, the garment body comprises an outer layer, a sensing layer, and a skin-friendly layer from the outside to the inside. The sensing layer includes a sensing area, a transition area, and a blank area. The sensor group is disposed in the sensing area. The transition area is woven between the sensing area and the blank area, and its thickness decreases from the edge of the sensing area to the edge of the blank area.
[0007] Furthermore, the antibacterial rate of the skin-friendly layer is ≥99%, and the moisture permeability of the outer layer, sensing layer, and skin-friendly layer corresponding to the sensing area is ≥5000g / m². 2 ·24h.
[0008] Furthermore, the sensing area is made of highly elastic, skin-friendly fiber, and the blank area is made of breathable, lightweight yarn.
[0009] Furthermore, the sensing area includes a connection area, and the sensor group is converged to the main control module connection point via conductive yarn. The main control module is connected to the connection area via magnetic attraction or snap-fit.
[0010] Furthermore, the conductive yarn is laid in a serpentine / spiral pattern.
[0011] Furthermore, the sensor group also includes a yarn sensing strip, which is located at the chest and abdomen of the garment body to collect the user's breathing information.
[0012] Furthermore, the sensor group also includes an IMU module, which is used to collect the user's posture information. The main control module determines the user's current state based on the posture information. When the current state is a stationary state, the judgment threshold of the contact pressure is maintained as a base threshold. When the current state is a moving state, the judgment threshold is increased according to the intensity of the movement. When the contact pressure exceeds the maximum threshold, the judgment threshold is adjusted to the base threshold.
[0013] Furthermore, the sensor group also includes a temperature sensor, which is located in the chest area to collect the user's body temperature. When the body temperature is higher than a preset value, the judgment threshold is adjusted to a base threshold. If the body temperature is still higher than the preset value after a certain period of time, an alarm is output.
[0014] Furthermore, the main control module adjusts the fusion weights of the posture information, heart rate information, and respiratory information according to the current state to generate a comprehensive index reflecting the physiological state: when the current state is a static state, the weight of the heart rate information > the weight of the respiratory information > the weight of the posture information; when the current state is a periodic movement state, the weight of the posture information = the weight of the heart rate information > the weight of the respiratory information; when the current state is an explosive movement state, the weight of the posture information > the weight of the heart rate information > the weight of the respiratory information.
[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:
[0016] 1. This invention adjusts the fit of the flexible electrode by changing the inflation volume of the pneumatic airbag. The main control module receives pressure data and controls the inflation volume of the airbag, forming a closed-loop control mechanism of pressure sensing, airbag adjustment and signal optimization, which ensures the quality of heart rate signal acquisition while maintaining wearing comfort.
[0017] 2. This invention improves wearing comfort while protecting the sensing layer through a three-layer composite structure. At the same time, the independent setting of the sensing area ensures the stability of the centralized arrangement of the sensor group. The blank area uses non-sensing areas to avoid the feeling of restraint caused by redundant materials. The transition area achieves a flexible connection between the sensing area and the blank area through thickness gradient changes. The physical characteristics of decreasing thickness ensure the support strength of the sensor edge area and avoid pressure marks on the skin caused by hard boundaries.
[0018] 3. This invention, by limiting the high antibacterial properties of the skin-friendly layer, inhibits bacterial damage to the skin during long-term wear, thus meeting the lower washing frequency requirement of smart clothing compared to ordinary clothing; at the same time, by controlling the amount of moisture permeable to the outer layer, sensing layer, and skin-friendly layer in the sensing area, it avoids the accumulation of sweat affecting the impedance of the sensor, thereby improving the detection accuracy.
[0019] 4. This invention achieves dual optimization of functionality and comfort through differentiated material selection in different zones. High-elasticity, skin-friendly fibers are used in the sensing area where the sensor directly bears the sensor, utilizing their high resilience to ensure a continuous and close fit between the sensor and the skin, preventing sensor displacement due to fabric deformation during movement. Simultaneously, breathable, lightweight yarns are used in the non-sensing areas, improving airflow efficiency by reducing fabric density and increasing pore structure, effectively alleviating the stuffiness and restrictive feeling caused by the extensive use of elastic materials in traditional smart clothing.
[0020] 5. The conductive yarn of the present invention is laid in a serpentine / spiral pattern, which takes into account both the stretchability required by clothing and the stability required by electrical circuitry.
[0021] 6. The present invention adopts a detachable snap-on structure for the main control module, which facilitates washing and maintenance.
[0022] 7. This invention is equipped with a yarn sensing belt, which can collect user physiological data information from multiple dimensions.
[0023] 8. This invention adjusts the airbag pressure according to the user's movement state to balance the accuracy of data collection and the user's comfort.
[0024] 9. This invention improves safety by using a temperature sensor to determine whether there is prolonged overpressure.
[0025] 10. The main control module of this invention adjusts the fusion weight of each collected data according to the user's current status, thereby improving the accuracy of the comprehensive indicators. Attached Figure Description
[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the smart clothing of the present invention;
[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the sensing layer of the smart garment of the present invention;
[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fabric layers of the present invention;
[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sensing area, transition area, and blank area of the present invention;
[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the airbag pressure adjustment process of the main control module of the present invention;
[0031] Figure 6 This is another schematic diagram of the process of adjusting the airbag pressure by the main control module of the present invention.
[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the fusion weight adjustment strategy of the main control module of the present invention;
[0033] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:
[0034] 100. Garment body; 110. Outer layer; 120. Sensing layer; 130. Skin-friendly layer; 140. Elastic fiber; 150. Breathable area;
[0035] 121. Flexible IMU module; 122. Flexible textile electrode; 123. Yarn sensing strip; 124. Conductive yarn; 125. Connection area; 1261. Sensing area; 1262. Transition area; 1263. Blank area; 127. Flexible pressure sensor; 128. Temperature sensor; 129. Pneumatic airbag;
[0036] 200. Main control module. Detailed Implementation
[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.
[0038] Additionally, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer" are all based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are merely for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element of the present invention must have a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.
[0039] When an element is referred to as "fixed to," "set on," or "located on" another element, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other element. When an element is referred to as "connected to," it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other element.
[0040] Unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.
[0041] Example
[0042] Please refer to Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a smart garment based on adaptive fit and flexible partitioning, including a garment body 100 and a sensor group. The sensor group includes a flexible textile electrode 122, a flexible pressure sensor 127, and a pneumatic airbag 129. The flexible textile electrode 122 is disposed in the chest area of the garment body 100 to collect the user's heart rate information. The flexible pressure sensor 127 is disposed in the chest area of the garment body 100 to monitor the contact pressure between the flexible textile electrode 122 and the user. The pneumatic airbag 129 is disposed on the outside of the flexible textile electrode 122. The smart garment also includes a main control module 200, which is electrically connected to the flexible textile electrode 122, the flexible pressure sensor 127, and the pneumatic airbag 129, and adjusts the inflation volume of the pneumatic airbag 129 according to the contact pressure.
[0043] The pneumatic airbag 129 is an inflatable microbag that automatically fills with a small amount of gas or gel after being worn, so that the surface of the flexible textile electrode 122 is in close contact with the skin without causing pressure.
[0044] The flexible textile electrode 122 refers to a conductive fabric woven from silver-plated fibers, forming an electrode array using plain weave and other processes. It collects the user's heart rate information via ECG (electrocardiogram) signal acquisition. The main control module 200 is a microcontroller with multi-channel signal processing capabilities, specifically employing a Bluetooth Low Energy chip for wireless data transmission and aligning multi-source sensor data via timestamps. The sensor components are existing technology devices and will not be described in detail here.
[0045] Specifically, the flexible textile electrode 122 is positioned in the chest area, forming stable contact with the skin via conductive yarn 124 to acquire electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. A flexible pressure sensor 127 is integrated with the flexible textile electrode 122 in the same area, detecting the pressure distribution at the contact interface in real time. When the detected pressure is below a set threshold, the main control module 200 activates an air pump to inflate the pneumatic airbag 129, pushing the flexible textile electrode 122 towards the skin to increase contact force; when the pressure exceeds the set threshold, the flexible textile electrode 122 deflates to reduce its volume and decrease pressure. This forms a closed-loop control system of pressure sensing, signal analysis, and airbag adjustment, dynamically maintaining the contact pressure within a suitable range, balancing signal acquisition accuracy and wearability comfort, and is particularly suitable for continuous and stable monitoring of physiological data during exercise.
[0046] Please refer to Figures 2 to 4As shown, in a preferred embodiment, the garment body 100 includes an outer layer 110, a sensing layer 120, and a skin-friendly layer 130 from the outside to the inside. The sensing layer 120 includes a sensing area 1261, a transition area 1262, and a blank area 1263. The sensor group is disposed in the sensing area 1261. The transition area 1262 is woven between the sensing area 1261 and the blank area 1263, and its thickness decreases from the edge of the sensing area 1261 to the edge of the blank area 1263.
[0047] Specifically, the sensing layer 120 refers to the intermediate layer where the sensor assembly is located. This can be achieved using a knitted spacer fabric, whose three-dimensional structure provides a fixed space for the sensor while maintaining the fabric's elasticity. The outer layer 110 and the skin-friendly layer 130 encapsulate the sensing layer 120, making the sensor module invisible. This eliminates the foreign object sensation associated with traditional rigid devices, resulting in a neater appearance for the garment and also protecting the sensor to some extent, thus extending its lifespan.
[0048] The sensing area 1261 is woven with highly elastic fibers 140 to form a rigid support structure, ensuring stable contact between the sensor assembly and the skin. The transition area 1262, through a gradient change in yarn density, creates a decreasing thickness, forming a flexible transition between the edge of the sensing area 1261 and the blank area 1263. When the garment body 100 is stretched by an external force, the thickness gradient change in the transition area 1262 can evenly transfer stress from the sensing area 1261 to the blank area 1263, avoiding skin indentations caused by sudden changes in local stress, thus improving overall wearing comfort while ensuring signal acquisition accuracy.
[0049] In a preferred embodiment, the antibacterial rate of the skin-friendly layer 130 is ≥99%, and the moisture permeability of the outer layer 110, the sensing layer 120, and the skin-friendly layer 130 corresponding to the sensing area 1261 is ≥5000g / m². 2 ·24h.
[0050] Specifically, the skin-friendly layer 130 uses a TPU nanofiber membrane composite antibacterial fabric. This involves electrospinning thermoplastic polyurethane material into a nanofiber structure and then combining it with an antibacterial agent. The antibacterial agent can be achieved through silver ion loading or quaternary ammonium salt grafting. While utilizing the nanoscale porous structure to achieve breathability, the slow-release effect of the antibacterial components inhibits bacterial growth that might occur when smart clothing is washed less frequently than ordinary clothing, thus maintaining hygienic conditions for wearers.
[0051] Moisture permeability refers to the mass of water vapor that passes through a unit area of fabric in 24 hours. It can be achieved by controlling the porosity of the fabric. For example, a gradient density weaving process can be used to balance breathability and structural strength. Rapid moisture wicking prevents the sensing area from becoming stuffy and sweaty, effectively preventing sensor impedance abnormalities caused by sweat accumulation, and improving the accuracy of data acquisition.
[0052] In a preferred embodiment, the sensing area 1261 is made of highly elastic, skin-friendly fiber, and the blank area 1263 is made of breathable, lightweight yarn.
[0053] High-elasticity, skin-friendly fibers refer to textile materials with high resilience and a skin-friendly surface, such as spandex composite yarns or polyester elastic fiber 140, with an elastic modulus ranging from 0.5 to 5 GPa. These fibers maintain stable contact pressure between the sensor and the skin through elastic deformation. Breathable, lightweight yarns refer to low-density textile materials with high porosity, specifically honeycomb-structured nylon yarns or ultra-fine denier polyester yarns, with a porosity of 30% to 60%, reducing stuffiness by increasing airflow.
[0054] In a preferred embodiment, the sensing area 1261 includes a connection area 125, and the sensor group is converged to the connection point of the main control module 200 via conductive yarn 124. The main control module 200 is connected to the connection area 125 of the main control module 200 by magnetic attraction or snap-fit.
[0055] The conductive yarn 124 refers to a flexible wire used for transmitting electrical signals, such as silver-plated fiber or carbon fiber composite yarn. It can adapt to garment stretching through bending deformation, avoiding signal transmission failure due to the breakage of rigid wires. Magnetic or snap-fit connection refers to the detachable interface between the main control module 200 and the garment body 100, for example, using neodymium iron boron magnets for alignment and attraction or plastic snap-fit mechanical locking, enabling rapid separation while ensuring stable electrical contact.
[0056] Thus, the physiological signals collected by the flexible IMU module 121, flexible textile electrode 122, and yarn sensing strip 123 are transmitted to the connection area 125 via conductive yarn 124. This connection area 125 serves as a signal concentration node embedded in the garment body 100. The main control module 200 forms a physical connection with this connection point via magnetic attraction or snap-fit, thereby establishing an electrical signal path. When it is necessary to clean the garment or replace the main control module 200, it can be directly detached from the connection area 125 by external force.
[0057] In this invention, the conductive yarn 124 is arranged in a serpentine / spiral pattern. A serpentine pattern means the conductive yarn 124 is arranged in a continuously curved, wavy path, while a spiral pattern means the conductive yarn 124 is arranged in a spiral trajectory around the axis. Through this arrangement, when human movement causes the fabric to stretch or twist, the conductive yarn 124 absorbs stress through geometric deformation, avoiding the limitation of rigid conductors on the elasticity of the clothing and preventing the conductive path from breaking due to fabric deformation.
[0058] In a preferred embodiment, the sensor group further includes a yarn sensing strip 123, which is disposed at the chest and abdomen positions of the garment body 100. The yarn sensing strip 123 refers to a strain sensor composed of conductive fibers wrapped with elastic yarn. For example, if a spiral winding structure is adopted, it calculates the breathing frequency and depth by detecting the expansion amplitude of the chest and abdomen, thereby providing the main control module 200 with the user's breathing information.
[0059] Please refer to Figure 5 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, the sensor group further includes an IMU module, which is used to collect the user's posture information. The main control module 200 determines the user's current state based on the posture information. When the current state is a stationary state, the judgment threshold for maintaining contact pressure is a base threshold. When the current state is a moving state, the judgment threshold is increased according to the intensity of the movement. When the contact pressure exceeds the maximum threshold, the judgment threshold is adjusted to the base threshold.
[0060] The IMU module is a flexible IMU module 121, which refers to an inertial measurement unit based on a flexible circuit board. For example, it can be implemented by integrating an accelerometer and gyroscope on a polyimide substrate. Its flexibility allows it to conform to the curvature of the human body without affecting limb movement, while simultaneously collecting acceleration and angular velocity information of the mounting part to obtain attitude information. The judgment threshold refers to the critical pressure value that triggers the inflation adjustment of the pneumatic airbag 129. The maximum threshold refers to the safe upper limit of the inflation volume of the pneumatic airbag 129, which can be determined through the range of the pressure sensor 127 and human tolerance testing.
[0061] In a static state, the main control module 200 maintains a baseline threshold, allowing the flexible textile electrode 122 to collect heart rate signals with minimal contact pressure, avoiding prolonged skin compression. When movement is detected, the main control module 200 calculates the exercise intensity level based on the acceleration amplitude, such as low-intensity walking or high-intensity running, and correspondingly increases the judgment threshold to ensure that the contact pressure between the sensor and the skin is sufficient to resist movement interference during exercise. If the contact pressure reaches the maximum threshold due to over-inflation of the pneumatic airbag 129, the main control module 200 immediately resets the judgment threshold to the baseline threshold to prevent discomfort caused by continuous pressure increase.
[0062] Please refer to Figure 6 As shown, in a more preferred embodiment, the sensor group further includes a temperature sensor 128, which is located in the chest area to collect the user's body temperature. When the body temperature is higher than a preset value, the judgment threshold is adjusted to a base threshold. If the body temperature is still higher than the preset value after a certain period of time, an alarm is output.
[0063] The temperature sensor 128 is a detection device used to monitor the user's body surface temperature in real time. It can be implemented using a flexible thermocouple or a thermistor, integrated into the chest area of the clothing to be close to the skin. The preset value is a trigger threshold set according to the normal human body temperature range, for example, it can be set to 37.5℃. The base threshold is the initial reference value for adjusting the pressure of the pneumatic airbag 129, used to avoid excessive pressure due to abnormal temperature. The alarm refers to sending warning information to the user or external devices via audible and visual signals or a wireless transmission module, specifically implemented using a buzzer in the main control module 200 or a Bluetooth communication module.
[0064] When the temperature sensor 128 detects that the user's chest temperature exceeds a preset value, the main control module 200 immediately adjusts the contact pressure judgment threshold to a lower baseline threshold, thereby reducing the inflation volume of the pneumatic airbag 129 to alleviate local pressure. If the body temperature does not drop below the preset value within the adjusted set time (e.g., 10 minutes), the main control module 200 will trigger an alarm mechanism to alert the user that there may be a health abnormality or that the clothing is too tight.
[0065] Please refer to Figure 7 As shown, in a more preferred embodiment, the main control module 200 adjusts the fusion weights of the posture information, heart rate information, and respiratory information according to the current state to generate a comprehensive index reflecting the physiological state: when the current state is a static state, the weight of heart rate information > the weight of respiratory information > the weight of posture information; when the current state is a periodic movement state, the weight of posture information = the weight of heart rate information > the weight of respiratory information; when the current state is an explosive movement state, the weight of posture information > the weight of heart rate information > the weight of respiratory information.
[0066] In other words, at rest, heart rate / respiration are the most reliable indicators, and posture only requires monitoring static postures (such as sitting / standing). Therefore, posture information has the lowest weight. At this time, heart rate is the primary indicator, respiration is secondary, and posture is supplementary. During periodic exercise, taking running as an example, heart rate is strongly correlated with exercise intensity (cadence), and respiration is synchronized with cadence; both reflect the exercise load. Although posture signals are periodic, they are greatly affected by road surface interference, reducing their weight. Therefore, for this type of exercise, heart rate and respiration are the primary indicators, with posture as a supplementary indicator. During explosive exercise, such as weightlifting, posture signals (such as trunk tilt and arm force angle) directly determine the standard of movement and are the core evaluation indicators. Although heart rate increases, the response is delayed, and respiration fluctuates greatly due to breath-holding / rapid breathing, reducing the weight of both. Therefore, for this type of exercise, posture is the primary indicator, heart rate is secondary, and respiration is supplementary.
[0067] Taking the exercise intensity level in the comprehensive index as an example:
[0068] State 1: The user is sitting at a desk, and the IMU identifies them as stationary. At this time, the signal characteristics are: heart rate 65bp. m (fluctuation ±1 bpm, mass 0.95), breathing 16 breaths / min (fluctuation ±1 breath / min, mass 0.9), posture tilt angle 2° (fluctuation ±0.5°, mass 0.85); weight calculation: basic weight (0.5, 0.3, 0.2) × mass fraction (0.95, 0.9, 0.85), normalized weight (0.51, 0.29, 0.20); fusion result: 0.51×(65-60) / (180-60)+0.29×(16-10) / (30-10)+0.19×(2-0) / (30-0)≈0.02+0.09+0.01=0.12, where 60, 10 and 0 are the minimum values of the corresponding indicators, and 180, 30 and 2 are the maximum values of the corresponding indicators. At this time, the exercise intensity level is mapped to low intensity.
[0069] State 2: Exercise type: User is running at a constant speed (step frequency 160 steps / min), which is identified by IMU as periodic exercise; Signal characteristics: Heart rate 140 bpm (fluctuation ±4 bpm, mass 0.8), breathing 24 breaths / min (fluctuation ±2 breaths / min, mass 0.8), posture tilt angle 8° (fluctuation ±2°, mass 0.7); Weight calculation: base weight (0.4, 0.4, 0.2) × mass score (0.8, 0.8, 0.7), normalized weight (0.43, 0.43, 0.14); Fusion result: 0.43×(140-60) / (180-60)+0.43×(24-10) / (30-10)+0.14×(8-0) / (30-0)≈0.29+0.30+0.04=0.63, at this time the exercise intensity level is mapped to moderate intensity.
[0070] State 3: The user lifts a 10kg dumbbell (thigh leans forward 12° during exertion), which the IMU identifies as explosive movement. Signal characteristics: heart rate 110 bpm (fluctuation ±8 bpm, mass 0.6), respiratory rate 28 breaths / min (fluctuation ±4 breaths / min, mass 0.6), posture tilt angle 12° (fluctuation ±1°, mass 0.9); weight calculation: base weight (0.3, 0.1, 0.6) × mass fraction (0.6, 0.6, 0.9), normalized weight (0.22, 0.07, 0.71); fusion result: 0.22 × (110-60) / (180-60) + 0.07 × (28-10) / (30-10) + 0.71 × (12-0) / (30-0) ≈ 0.09 + 0.06 + 0.28 = 0.43. At this point, the exercise intensity level is mapped to moderate intensity.
[0071] The base weight can be calibrated for different users (such as athletes and ordinary users). Data can be collected through a 10-minute trial to adjust the base weight (for example, athletes have a faster heart rate response during explosive exercise, so the heart rate weight can be increased from 0.3 to 0.35).
[0072] Thus, by adjusting the calculation weights of each indicator according to different motion states, the present invention makes the judgment more scientific and reduces misjudgments compared to fixed weights.
[0073] The flexible IMU module 121 in this invention is a distributed module, comprising IMU units respectively fixed to the scapular region, the two sides of the chest cavity, and the two sides of the waist of the smart garment. This optimized IMU layout allows for accurate monitoring of the user's status even when only the smart garment is worn, i.e., only the upper body is covered by the smart garment.
[0074] For example, when the variance of acceleration at four or more locations is less than 0.1m. 2 / s 4 The difference in horizontal acceleration between the left and right sides of the chest cavity is <0.03 m / s². 2 The variance of angular velocity at all locations is <0.1 (° / s). 2 When the body is at rest, it can be considered stationary. Acceleration variance reflects the degree of data fluctuation. When stationary, the human body has no active movement, and the IMU (scapula, chest, lumbar region) is only affected by gravity and micro-vibrations from respiration, resulting in minimal acceleration fluctuation. Therefore, the possibility of active movement can be ruled out. Respiration at rest is a symmetrical and uniform physiological action; the left and right sides of the chest expand / contract synchronously with respiration, and the changes in acceleration in the horizontal direction (left-right direction) are almost identical, with minimal difference. Therefore, the possibility of unilateral exertion can be ruled out. Angular velocity variance reflects the degree of fluctuation in rotational motion. When stationary, the human body has no active twisting (such as trunk rotation or arm swinging), and the angular velocity is only affected by micro-vibrations from the environment, resulting in angular velocity fluctuation close to zero.
[0075] For example, when the peak difference in vertical axis acceleration between the IMU units on both sides of the waist is less than 0.5 m / s² 2Furthermore, when the autocorrelation peak is between 0.3 and 1 second, the peak angular velocity of the scapula's anterior-posterior axis is between 5 and 15° / s with the left and right shoulders alternating in opposite directions, and the horizontal acceleration fluctuations of the left and right IMU units in the chest cavity are synchronized (respiratory rate 20-30 breaths / minute), the current state can be determined as running. The waist is the core of the lower limb push-off force transmission during running. The left and right sides of the waist move up and down synchronously with the stride frequency (1.5-3Hz, corresponding to a period of 0.3-0.7s), and the peak-to-peak values of vertical acceleration (positive peak during push-off and negative peak during takeoff) are almost identical. The autocorrelation function peak reflects periodicity; during running, the waist acceleration repeats every 0.3-1 second, and the autocorrelation function will show a significant peak in this range. During running, the upper limb swing is a coordinated action to balance the lower limb push-off; the left arm swings forward while the right arm swings backward, and the angular velocities of the scapula in the anterior-posterior direction alternate in opposite directions, with peak values between 5 and 15° / s. When running, breathing and stride frequency have a coordinated pattern (such as 2 steps to inhale, 2 steps to exhale), the left and right sides of the chest expand / contract synchronously with breathing, and the horizontal acceleration fluctuates synchronously; and the breathing rate increases from 12-20 breaths / minute at rest to 20-30 breaths / minute due to increased oxygen consumption during running.
[0076] When the mean difference in vertical acceleration at the waist is <0.3 m / s² 2 And the average value during the steady-state phase is >10 m / s 2 Weightlifting can be defined as follows: 1. The horizontal acceleration fluctuations in the chest cavity disappear and breathing pauses for ≥3 seconds; 2. The peak angular velocity of the scapula during the initiation phase is >20° / s and the difference between the left and right sides is <3° / s. The lower back is crucial for core stability during weightlifting. During exertion, the lower back must maintain a neutral position, with the average vertical acceleration on both sides being almost identical. During the stabilization phase (after lifting the weight), the lower back bears the combined weight of the body and the equipment, causing the average vertical acceleration to increase from a resting 9.8 m / s² (gravity) to >10 m / s². 2 (Negative overlap). During weightlifting, breath-holding is necessary to increase intra-abdominal pressure and protect the lumbar spine. During breath-holding, the chest cavity stops expanding / contracting, horizontal acceleration fluctuations disappear, and breathing pauses for 3–10 seconds (as the difficulty of the movement increases). The scapula is the support point for upper limb power generation during weightlifting. In the initiation phase (such as the deadlift or bench press), the scapula rotates rapidly with the upper limb movement (such as scapular retraction during bench press), with a peak-to-peak angular velocity >20° / s (explosive rotation, far exceeding the 5–15° / s of running); and bilateral symmetrical power generation must be maintained, with a difference of <3° / s between the left and right sides (no unilateral compensation).
[0077] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A smart garment based on adaptive fitting and flexible partitioning, comprising a garment body and a sensor group, characterized in that: The sensor group includes a flexible textile electrode, a flexible pressure sensor, and a pneumatic airbag. The flexible textile electrode is located in the chest area of the garment body to collect the user's heart rate information. The flexible pressure sensor is located in the chest area of the garment body to monitor the contact pressure between the flexible textile electrode and the user. The pneumatic airbag is located on the outside of the flexible textile electrode. It also includes a main control module, which is electrically connected to the flexible textile electrode, the flexible pressure sensor and the pneumatic airbag respectively, and adjusts the inflation amount of the pneumatic airbag according to the contact pressure.
2. The smart clothing based on adaptive fitting and flexible partitioning as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The garment body comprises an outer layer, a sensing layer, and a skin-friendly layer from the outside to the inside. The sensing layer includes a sensing area, a transition area, and a blank area. The sensor group is disposed in the sensing area. The transition area is woven between the sensing area and the blank area, and its thickness decreases from the edge of the sensing area to the edge of the blank area.
3. The smart clothing based on adaptive fitting and flexible partitioning as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The antibacterial rate of the skin-friendly layer is ≥99%, and the moisture permeability of the outer layer, sensing layer, and skin-friendly layer corresponding to the sensing area is ≥5000g / m². 2 ·24h.
4. The smart clothing based on adaptive fitting and flexible partitioning as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The sensing area is made of high-elastic, skin-friendly fiber, while the blank area is made of breathable, lightweight yarn.
5. The smart clothing based on adaptive fitting and flexible partitioning as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The sensing area includes a connection area, and the sensor group is converged to the main control module connection point through conductive yarn. The main control module is connected to the connection area.
6. The smart garment based on adaptive fitting and flexible partitioning as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The conductive yarn is laid in a serpentine / spiral pattern.
7. The smart clothing based on adaptive fitting and flexible partitioning as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor group also includes a yarn sensing strip, which is located at the chest and abdomen of the garment body to collect the user's breathing information.
8. The smart garment based on adaptive fitting and flexible partitioning as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The sensor group also includes an IMU module, which is used to collect the user's posture information. The main control module determines the user's current state based on the posture information. When the current state is a stationary state, the judgment threshold of the contact pressure is maintained as a base threshold. When the current state is a moving state, the judgment threshold is increased according to the intensity of the movement. When the contact pressure exceeds the maximum threshold, the judgment threshold is adjusted to the base threshold.
9. The smart clothing based on adaptive fitting and flexible partitioning as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The sensor group also includes a temperature sensor, which is located in the chest area to collect the user's body temperature. When the body temperature is higher than a preset value, the judgment threshold is adjusted to a base threshold. If the body temperature is still higher than the preset value after a certain period of time, an alarm is output.
10. The smart garment based on adaptive fitting and flexible partitioning as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The main control module adjusts the fusion weights of the posture information, heart rate information, and respiratory information according to the current state to generate a comprehensive index reflecting the physiological state: when the current state is a static state, the weight of the heart rate information > the weight of the respiratory information > the weight of the posture information; when the current state is a periodic movement state, the weight of the posture information = the weight of the heart rate information > the weight of the respiratory information; when the current state is an explosive movement state, the weight of the posture information > the weight of the heart rate information > the weight of the respiratory information.