An intelligent response type extra-high voltage power transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system

Abstract

The application discloses an intelligent response type extra-high voltage power transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system and relates to the technical fields of geotechnical engineering and slope protection. A humidity response micro valve coating is composed of a microporous membrane and a weather-resistant membrane, and a hydrogel micro valve array is arranged in the inner layer. A hollow shape memory anchor rod is used as a shape memory prestressed anchoring unit, a spiral drainage micro channel is arranged in the cavity, and a strain sensing element is embedded in the cavity. An energy collection and control module collects energy by using electromagnetic induction of a power transmission line and slope surface friction or a piezoelectric device. A self-repairing sealing interface penetrating a membrane uses a coating containing microcapsules to seal the anchor rod penetrating point and the weld for a long time. A bionic vegetation module adopts a three-dimensional printed bionic root structure, is positioned with a steam exhaust area of the micro valve coating and is fastened with the anchor rod. The system can significantly inhibit rainwater infiltration in the rainy season, release water vapor under the membrane in the dry season and adjust the prestress by self-provided energy, so that the long-term stability and durability of the slope are significantly improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering and slope protection, and particularly relates to an intelligent response type slope reinforcement and monitoring system for an ultra-high voltage transmission line. BACKGROUND

[0002] The ultra-high voltage transmission line often crosses hilly areas, and the slope around the tower foundation needs to be stable in the long-term operation environment. The existing slope reinforcement measures are commonly seen in anchor rod frame beams, sprayed concrete or geomembrane covering, etc., which are characterized by focusing on structural support or surface protection and lack environmental adaptability. During the rainy season, a large amount of rainfall seeps into the slope body, which leads to the increase of pore water pressure of the soil, the decrease of the effective stress of the soil, and the decrease of the effective stress part in the shear strength, so that the slope slips; in the dry season, the closed covering prevents the soil from escaping water vapor, and the dry-wet cycle easily induces crack expansion.

[0003] The traditional geomembrane or cell technology covers the slope on the surface, which can block water to a certain extent, but cannot solve the problem of water accumulation under the membrane; and lacks the ability to actively adjust the permeability of the protection layer after monitoring the humidity change. The existing monitoring system relies on external power supply or battery power supply, and it is difficult to operate for a long time in remote areas. At the same time, the nodes formed by the anchor rod penetrating the covering and the covering weld are the weak points of leakage, and once damaged, a clear infiltration path is formed. The vegetation slope protection scheme often focuses on the landscape effect and cannot effectively form a synergistic effect with the structural reinforcement system.

[0004] Therefore, a new slope reinforcement and monitoring system is needed, which can actively block water infiltration in the rainy season and discharge water vapor under the membrane in the dry season; and can realize real-time perception of the slope state and adjustment of the support prestress according to the needs without external power supply, while solving the sealing of the membrane-penetrating nodes and the synergy of the vegetation slope protection. SUMMARY

[0005] Technical purpose: In view of the problems of rainwater accumulation in the rainy season, dry season vapor accumulation, power supply difficulty, membrane penetration leakage and ecological slope decoupling in the prior art, the present application discloses an intelligent response type slope reinforcement and monitoring system for an ultra-high voltage transmission line, which constructs a slope reinforcement system capable of actively adjusting the permeability and realizing secondary prestress adjustment according to the change of environmental humidity by setting a humidity response micro-valve covering, a shape memory prestress anchoring unit, an energy harvesting and control module, a membrane-penetrating self-repairing sealing interface and a bionic vegetation module.

[0006] Technical scheme: In order to achieve the above technical purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0007] An intelligent response type slope reinforcement and monitoring system for an ultra-high voltage transmission line, comprising:

[0008] a slope body to be reinforced;

[0009] The humidity-responsive micro-valve coating is composed of an inner microporous membrane and an outer weather-resistant membrane. The inner microporous membrane is arranged to switch from an open state to a closed state under the control of a relative humidity threshold. The humidity-responsive micro-valve coating is embedded with a humidity and temperature sensor.

[0010] The shape memory pre-stressed anchoring unit is arranged along the slope surface with a plurality of hollow anchor rods. The anchor rod core is made of shape memory material. The cavity is provided with a spiral drainage micro-channel. The outer wall of the anchor rod is embedded with a strain sensing element.

[0011] The energy harvesting and control module includes an energy harvesting device, an energy management unit, and a control unit. The module is used to power the humidity-responsive micro-valve coating and the shape memory pre-stressed anchoring unit, and to adjust the micro-valve state and the anchor rod pre-stress according to the set humidity threshold.

[0012] The membrane-penetrating self-repairing sealing interface is located at the position where the anchor rod penetrates the humidity-responsive micro-valve coating and at the joint of the humidity-responsive micro-valve coating.

[0013] The bionic vegetation module is installed on the outside of the humidity-responsive micro-valve coating. It adopts a three-dimensional printed bionic root structure. The inside is provided with a steam discharge channel and is aligned with the steam discharge area of the humidity-responsive micro-valve coating. It is connected to the outer end of the anchor rod through a fastener and filled with guest soil for vegetation.

[0014] Preferably, the inner microporous membrane of the humidity-responsive micro-valve coating has a thickness range of 0.1-0.5 mm and a pore size range of 0.1-1 μm. The outer weather-resistant membrane has a thickness range of 0.3-1.0 mm and is subjected to surface roughening treatment to make the friction coefficient not less than 0.6. The distribution density of the hydrogel micro-valve array is 50-200 per 100 square centimeters.

[0015] Preferably, the shape memory anchor rod core is made of nickel-titanium shape memory alloy or shape memory polymer. The anchor rod has an outer diameter range of 28-36 mm and an inner diameter range of 12-18 mm. The spiral drainage micro-channel has a lead range of 10-30 mm. The channel outlet is connected to the slope foot drainage ditch.

[0016] Preferably, the energy harvesting device includes an electromagnetic induction coil with a number of turns ranging from 50 to 150 turns and an effective area ranging from 0.02 to 0.1 square meters, and a friction / piezoelectric film adhered to the outer surface of the bionic vegetation module. The harvested electrical energy is rectified and stepped up / down into the energy management unit and stored in a super capacitor or hybrid battery with a capacity not less than 10 farad.

[0017] Preferably, the membrane-penetrating self-repairing sealing interface coating is composed of polyurea formaldehyde as the wall material and microcapsules with epoxy or polyurethane resin and its curing agent as the core material, the average particle size of the microcapsules ranges from 50 to 200 microns, the coating thickness ranges from 1 to 3 millimeters, and the coating range includes at least 50 millimeters in width around the anchor rod and the humidity-responsive micro-valve coating seam.

[0018] Preferably, the biomimetic vegetation module is made of degradable polymer or geopolymer material, with a thickness ranging from 10 to 20 centimeters, and the internal exhaust passages are radially combined with a network, with a diameter ranging from 5 to 15 millimeters and aligned with the steam exhaust area of the humidity-responsive micro-valve coating; the biomimetic vegetation module is fastened to the outer end of the anchor rod by bolts or buckles.

[0019] A construction method of an intelligent response type ultra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system, for realizing an intelligent response type ultra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0020] The slope surface is cleaned and leveled, and drainage ditches and water interception channels are excavated;

[0021] Holes are drilled on the slope surface at a designed interval, hollow shape memory anchor rods are inserted, and the anchoring section is grouted and consolidated, while connecting strain sensing elements;

[0022] A double-layer humidity-responsive micro-valve coating is laid from bottom to top, the joints are sealed by hot welding or adhesion, the humidity-responsive micro-valve coating is fixed on the slope surface through the anchor rod end connector, and humidity and temperature sensors and connection lines are embedded during the laying process;

[0023] A membrane-penetrating self-repairing sealing interface containing microcapsules is coated at the anchor rod penetrating the humidity-responsive micro-valve transparent coating and the humidity-responsive micro-valve coating joint;

[0024] Biomimetic vegetation modules are installed and filled with guest soil, and herbaceous or shrub plants are sown or planted;

[0025] An electromagnetic induction coil and an energy harvesting device of friction / piezoelectric film are installed, an energy management unit and a control unit are connected, and a connection with sensors and micro-valve actuators is completed;

[0026] The humidity threshold is set according to the local climate and soil conditions, the micro-valve opening and closing and shape memory anchor rod prestress adjustment program are debugged, and the closed-loop control setting is completed.

[0027] Preferably, the humidity threshold is set according to the difference between the windward area and the leeward area, and the windward area threshold is lower than the leeward area; when the relative humidity in the humidity response micro valve coating exceeds the set humidity threshold and the duration is greater than the set time, and the energy storage voltage is not lower than the minimum voltage, the control unit closes the micro valve and applies current to the shape memory anchor rod to increase the prestress; when the humidity is lower than the humidity threshold, the control unit opens the micro valve to release the water vapor under the membrane.

[0028] Preferably, when the humidity inside the humidity response micro valve coating is continuously higher than the humidity threshold and the anchor rod strain growth rate exceeds the preset value, a solution containing microorganisms and nutrient solution is injected through the anchor rod cavity to induce carbonate deposition for consolidation treatment of the deep slope.

[0029] Preferably, the sensors and micro valve actuators of the energy harvesting and control module use low-power wireless communication, and the duty cycle of system sleep and sampling does not exceed 10% to ensure balance between energy harvesting and energy consumption.

[0030] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. The humidity response micro valve coating of the present application controls the closure of the water blocking in the rainy season and the opening of the steam discharge in the dry season through the humidity threshold, solving the problem of pressure accumulation in traditional low permeability coatings;

[0032] 2. The energy harvesting and control module is self-powered, realizes humidity threshold triggered micro valve closure and shape memory anchor rod secondary prestress adjustment, and enhances the support in time when the soil strength decreases;

[0033] 3. The membrane-penetrating self-repairing sealing interface automatically repairs cracks through microcapsule released resin, significantly reducing the risk of leakage;

[0034] 4. The bionic vegetation module is aligned with the steam discharge channel of the micro valve coating, which not only provides plant root reinforcement, but also ensures the water vapor discharge path, and takes into account ecological restoration and mechanical properties. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiment or prior art description.

[0036] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional schematic view of the intelligent response type extra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system of the present application;

[0037] Figure 2 It is an enlarged schematic view of the anchor rod membrane-penetrating node;

[0038] Figure 3 It is a schematic view of the humidity response micro valve coating partition and the bionic vegetation module steam discharge hole alignment;

[0039] Figure 4 Energy harvesting and control module function block diagram

[0040] Figure 5 Hollow shape memory anchor rod and spiral drainage micro-channel structure schematic diagram.

[0041] In the figure: 1, shape memory prestressed anchoring unit; 1a, anchor rod; 2, humidity response micro-valve coating; 2a, weather-resistant film; 2b, microporous membrane; 2c, slope body; 3, bionic vegetation module; 4, energy harvesting and control module; 5, membrane-penetrating self-healing sealing interface; 6, drainage ditch; 7a, gasket; 7b, anchoring plate; 8, energy storage unit; 9, humidity and temperature sensor; 10, strain sensing element; 11, weld; 12, micro-valve array; 13, spiral drainage micro-channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The application will be described in greater detail below with reference to a preferred embodiment and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the application is not limited to the embodiment described.

[0043] An intelligent response type extra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system, comprising:

[0044] Slope body to be reinforced;

[0045] The humidity response micro-valve coating is composed of an inner microporous membrane and an outer weather-resistant film. The inner layer is arranged with a hydrogel micro-valve array that can be switched from an open state to a closed state under the control of a relative humidity threshold. The humidity response micro-valve coating is embedded with a humidity and temperature sensor.

[0046] The application adopts a double-layer coating structure. The inner layer is a microporous membrane with a pore size range of 0.1-1 µm and a thickness range of 0.1-0.5 mm. The outer layer is a weather-resistant film with a thickness range of 0.3-1.0 mm. The surface of the outer layer is roughened to increase the interfacial friction between the coating and the slope surface, with a friction coefficient ≥ 0.6. The inner layer membrane is arranged with a hydrogel micro-valve array at a spacing of 20-40 mm. The maximum opening area of each micro-valve is denoted as A max , which changes with the relative humidity RH inside the humidity response micro-valve coating. Its functional form can be approximated by an S-shaped function: , where A(RH) is the relative opening degree of the micro-valve, RH is the relative humidity inside the humidity response micro-valve coating, RH c is the preset humidity threshold, and k is a parameter reflecting the opening and closing slope. The humidity sensor measures the RH value inside the coating in real time. When RH c and the duration exceeds t0, the micro-valve absorbs water and expands to close. The equivalent permeability coefficient K eq of the humidity response micro-valve coating satisfies , where K is the permeability coefficient of the micro valve when fully open open K is the permeability coefficient of the micro valve when fully open matrix K is the permeability coefficient of the base film. When RH falls below the threshold, the micro valve contracts to restore the open state, realizing dry season steam discharge. This design enables the coating to block water in the rainy season and allow steam in the dry season, overcoming the pressure buildup problem of existing coatings.

[0047] The shape memory prestressed anchoring unit is arranged along the slope surface, the hollow anchor rod is arranged along the slope surface, the core of the anchor rod is made of shape memory material, the cavity is provided with a spiral drainage micro channel, and the outer wall of the anchor rod is embedded with a strain sensing element.

[0048] The hollow anchor rod is arranged along the slope surface, the core of the anchor rod is made of shape memory material, the outer diameter of the anchor rod is in the range of 28-36 mm, the inner diameter of the anchor rod is in the range of 12-18 mm, and the anchoring section enters the bearing layer by more than 3.5 m. The anchor rod cavity is processed with a spiral drainage micro channel with a lead range of 10-30 mm, so that the infiltrated water can be discharged along the channel to the slope foot drainage ditch. The outer wall of the anchor rod is embedded with an optical fiber grating or a resistance strain gauge for monitoring the stress and deformation of the anchor rod. When the RH in the coating exceeds the threshold and the energy storage voltage is sufficient, the control unit heats the core of the anchor rod by electric current, so that the austenite-martensite phase change of the shape memory material occurs and an additional prestress increment Delta T is generated, and the approximate expression is , wherein E SMA is the elastic modulus of the shape memory material, epsilon tr is the recoverable deformation, A core is the cross-sectional area of the core of the anchor rod. The prestress adjustment can compensate for the decrease in soil strength and ensure the safety factor of the slope.

[0049] The energy collection and control module includes an energy collection device, an energy management unit and a control unit, which are used to power the humidity responsive micro valve coating and the shape memory prestressed anchoring unit and adjust the micro valve state and the anchor rod prestress according to the set humidity threshold.

[0050] To solve the power supply problem, the electromagnetic induction coil with a range of 50-150 turns and an effective area range of 0.02-0.1 m 2 is installed on the cross beam of the iron tower, and the electromagnetic field of the power transmission line is used to induce voltage , wherein omega is the angular frequency, N is the number of turns, A is the coil area, and B0 is the magnetic induction intensity; at the same time, a friction / piezoelectric film is attached to the outer surface of the bionic vegetation module, and wind vibration or raindrop kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy. Two power supply paths are rectified, boosted or bucked, then enter the energy management unit and are stored in the energy storage unit, and the energy storage unit is a super capacitor or a hybrid battery with a capacity not less than 10 F. The system energy balance requires , wherein P coil , P tribo are the output powers of the electromagnetic induction coil and the friction / piezoelectric film respectively, P sensor , Pvalve , P SMA Respective power required for sensor, microvalve actuator and shape memory anchor rod adjustment. The control unit adopts ultra-low power consumption microcontroller, and executes remote monitoring and closed loop control according to the set sampling duty cycle, when RH > RH c , and continuously t > t0 and energy storage voltage V s ≥ V min , the microvalve is closed and the anchor rod is heated to realize prestress adjustment; when RH < RH c , the microvalve is opened to release the water vapor under the membrane.

[0051] The membrane-penetrating self-repairing sealing interface is located at the anchor rod-penetrating humidity-responsive microvalve coating and the joint of the humidity-responsive microvalve coating.

[0052] The anchor rod-penetrating humidity-responsive microvalve coating and the joint of the humidity-responsive microvalve coating are weak links of leakage. The polyurethane or acrylic coating containing microcapsules is coated at these positions, the wall material of the microcapsules is polyoxymethylene, the core material is epoxy or polyurethane resin and its curing agent, the average particle size range is 50-200 µm, and the coating thickness range is 1-3 mm. When cracks occur, the microcapsules break, the resin flows out and contacts with the curing agent, and is solidified to fill the cracks within 24 hours, so that the long-term self-repairing sealing of the membrane-penetrating nodes and the welds is realized.

[0053] The bionic vegetation module is installed outside the humidity-responsive microvalve coating, adopts the three-dimensional printed bionic root structure, is provided with steam discharge channels inside and is opposite to the steam discharge area of the humidity-responsive microvalve coating, is connected with the outer end of the anchor rod through fasteners and is filled with guest soil to be planted.

[0054] The bionic vegetation module adopts the three-dimensional printed bionic root structure, has a thickness of 10-20 cm and is made of degradable polymer or geopolymer. The bionic vegetation module is provided with radial and reticular combined steam discharge channels inside, has a pore diameter of 5-15 mm and is opposite to the steam discharge partition of the humidity-responsive microvalve coating. The steam discharge channels serve as both the root channels of the vegetation and the steam discharge channels. The bionic vegetation module is fastened with the end of the anchor rod through bolts or buckles, the outside is filled with guest soil and slow-release fertilizer and is sowed with herb seeds or planted with shrubs, so that the root system and the anchor rod form a reinforced system and provide a smooth path for steam discharge.

[0055] A construction method of an intelligent response type extra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcing and monitoring system, which is used for realizing the intelligent response type extra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcing and monitoring system, and comprises the following steps:

[0056] S1, cleaning and leveling the slope surface, and excavating a drainage ditch and a water intercepting trench;

[0057] S2, drill holes on the slope surface according to the designed interval, insert hollow shape memory anchor rods, grout and consolidate the anchoring section, and connect strain sensing elements at the same time;

[0058] S3, lay double-layer humidity response micro-valve coating from bottom to top, seal the joints by using hot welding or bonding method, fix the humidity response micro-valve coating on the slope surface through the anchor rod end connector, and embed humidity and temperature sensors and connecting lines during the laying process;

[0059] S4, coat the film-penetrating self-repairing sealing interface containing microcapsules at the place where the anchor rod penetrates the humidity response micro-valve transparent coating and at the joints of the humidity response micro-valve coating;

[0060] S5, install bionic vegetation modules and fill with guest soil, and sow herbaceous or plant shrubs;

[0061] S6, install electromagnetic induction coils and energy harvesting devices of friction / piezoelectric film, connect the energy management unit and the control unit, and complete the connection with sensors and actuators;

[0062] S7, set the humidity threshold according to the local climate and soil conditions, debug the micro-valve opening and closing and shape memory anchor rod prestress adjustment program, and complete the closed-loop control setting.

[0063] The system adopts zoned threshold control, RH c in the leeward area. The controller wakes up to sample humidity RH, energy storage voltage Vs and anchor strain ε according to the preset duty ratio, when RH c > RH min for t > t0 and Vs≥V c , execute valve closing + prestress application; when RH < RH sol , execute valve opening and steam exhaust. If the strain growth rate exceeds the warning value, inject a solution containing microorganisms and nutrients into the anchor rod cavity, and use the microbially induced carbonate precipitation technology (MICP) to consolidate the deep soil, wherein the relationship between the injected solution volume V calcite , the target carbonate deposition amount C pore , the soil pore volume V , and the deposition efficiency η is , the injection rate , wherein V is the injected solution volume, and ti is the injection duration of the i-th stage. Periodically inspect the coating welds and self-repairing coatings, and apply self-repairing materials as needed.

[0064] Embodiment

[0065] The slope reinforcement and monitoring system of the present application sequentially comprises a shape memory prestressed anchoring unit 1 located inside the slope body, a humidity response micro-valve coating 2 laid on the slope surface, a bionic vegetation module 3 installed outside the humidity response micro-valve coating, and an energy collection and control module 4 arranged at a proper position of the tower body or the slope surface; the anchor rod is coated with a membrane-penetrating self-repairing sealing interface 5 at the position penetrating the humidity response micro-valve coating and the joint of the humidity response micro-valve coating, and a drainage ditch 6 is arranged at the slope toe. The modules are connected by connecting members or electric / signal lines to form a whole.

[0066] As Figure 1 shown is a cross-sectional view of the intelligent response type extra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system, which generally shows the system composition and action path of the slope from "surface- inside- foot". The slope surface is covered with a humidity response micro-valve coating 2, as Figure 2 shown, which is composed of three layers of an outer weather-resistant film 2a (thick solid line), an inner microporous film 2b (thin dashed line representing controllable vapor permeability), and a slope body 2c (thick back support line); as Figure 3 shown, a micro-valve array 12 is distributed on the humidity response micro-valve coating to control the exchange of water vapor on the surface through opening / closing. A number of bionic vegetation modules 3 (light-colored rectangles) are arranged outside the humidity response micro-valve coating to stabilize the surface soil, guide and drain steam, and restore ecology. The shape memory prestressed anchoring unit 1 is arranged obliquely to penetrate the humidity response micro-valve coating and anchor into the slope body. The hollow shape memory anchor rod and the humidity response micro-valve coating penetrating position are connected by a membrane-penetrating self-repairing sealing interface 5 to form a ring-shaped seal to prevent leakage and fatigue cracking. The shape memory prestressed anchoring unit 1 outlet leads to the slope toe drainage ditch 6 to realize concentrated drainage. The energy collection and control module 4 is arranged near the tower body or the slope surface, which is internally integrated with energy collection, energy storage, low-power control, and execution.

[0067] In this embodiment, a polytetrafluoroethylene microporous film with a pore size of 0.2 µm and a thickness of 0.3 mm is used as the inner layer, and a polyolefin elastomer film with a thickness of 0.6 mm and a sandblasted surface is used as the outer layer. The micro-valve array density is 100 per 100 cm 2 100, and the maximum opening diameter of each micro-valve is 1.8 mm. The humidity threshold RH c is set to 0.8, and the micro-valve opening curve is closed when RH≥0.8 and lasts for more than 30 min. The experimental measurement of the liquid permeability coefficient K open of the humidity response micro-valve coating in the open state is 1.0×10 -6 m / s, the base film permeability coefficient K matrix is 5.0×10 -8 m / s, and the valve coverage φ=0.3. The equivalent permeability coefficient in the closed state is , which is about 20 times lower than that in the open state, proving that the design can effectively block water in the rainy season.

[0068] The structure of the shape memory prestressed anchor unit is shown in Figure 5 The outer contour of the anchor rod 1a is represented by two thick lines, and the hollow cavity inside can be seen. The spiral drainage microchannels 13 (arrayed by inclined short lines) are arranged axially in the cavity wall to direct the transport of pore water to the slope toe drainage ditch 6. The strain sensing element 10 is attached to the surface of the anchor rod 1a for monitoring the stress and deformation of the surrounding rock. In this embodiment, the outer diameter of the anchor rod is 32 mm, the inner diameter is 16 mm, and the core is a nickel-titanium alloy wire bundle. The lead of the spiral drainage microchannel is 20 mm, the aperture is 1.5 mm, and the outlet is connected to the drainage ditch. The strain sensing unit 10 uses a resistance strain gauge, which is attached to the outer wall of the anchor rod and encapsulated with a polyurethane coating. The fiber Bragg grating is connected to the controller through a pre-buried plastic tube. When it is necessary to apply prestress, the control unit outputs a current of 2A for 2 seconds, causing the core temperature to rise by 20°C. According to , a prestress increment of about 80kN can be obtained, thereby improving the stability of the soil.

[0069] The electromagnetic induction coil of the energy harvesting and control module has 80 turns and an area of 0.05m 2 When the current frequency of the power transmission line is 50Hz and the magnetic induction intensity is about 50µT, the induced voltage V≈ω·N·A·B0≈2π×50×80×0.05×5×10 -5 ≈1.26V, which is charged into the energy storage capacitor of the energy storage unit 8 after rectification and voltage boosting to 10V. The friction / piezoelectric film is made of polyvinylidene fluoride-polyaniline composite film with an area of 0.6m 2 , and the average output power under wind vibration is 0.15W. The control unit uses a low-power microcontroller, the sampling duty cycle is 10%, the sensing power is about 0.02W, the microvalve driving power is about 0.01W, the energy consumption of the shape memory anchor rod for heating once is about 8 joules, the closed-loop regulation period is 6 hours, and the total energy balance satisfies P coil + P tribo ≥ P sensor +P valve + P SMA .

[0070] As Figure 4 shown in the function block diagram of the energy harvesting and control module, the double-link of autonomous energy supply and intelligent control is expressed by function block diagram. The energy chain: the electromagnetic induction coil couples energy from the electromagnetic environment, and the friction / piezoelectric film converts mechanical excitation such as wind-induced, raindrops, and micro-vibration into electrical energy; the two-way energy is charged into the energy storage unit (supercapacitor / hybrid battery) after rectification / voltage boosting and energy management unit regulation. The information chain: the sensors integrate humidity and temperature sensors 9 and strain sensing elements 10 for measurement, which are sent to the control unit; the control unit implements low-duty-cycle sampling, adaptive frequency and threshold determination based on energy surplus and risk level, and drives the actuator to perform opening / closing / rebound actions.

[0071] The construction of the self-repairing sealing interface is shown in Figure 2 The sealing washer 7a is sleeved at the opening of the anchor rod penetrating the humidity-responsive micro-valve coating, and the humidity-responsive micro-valve coating is pressed tightly by the anchoring plate 7b, so that the inner and outer layers are tightly attached. Then, the self-repairing coating containing microcapsules is sprayed in a range of 50 mm radius of the penetration area and at the weld 11 of the humidity-responsive micro-valve coating, and the coating thickness is 2 mm. The size of the microcapsules in the self-repairing coating is 100 µm, the wall material is polyurea formaldehyde, and the core material is epoxy resin and curing agent. Experiments show that when the crack width is 0.3 mm and the length is 15 mm, the leakage rate decreases by 95% within 24 h, ensuring long-term sealing of the membrane-penetrating joint.

[0072] The bionic vegetation module is three-dimensionally printed with PLA material, with a thickness of 15 cm, and internally provided with radial holes with a diameter of 10 mm in combination with mesh holes, and the exhaust holes correspond to the exhaust partition of the micro-valve coating. The module is fixed to the end of the anchor rod by bolts, and is internally filled with 50% of mixed guest soil, 30% of sand, and 20% of humus. 2% of water-retaining agent and slow-release fertilizer are added per cubic meter of mixed guest soil, and Cynodon dactylon, Poa annua, and other grass seeds are sown and Rhododendron shrubs are planted. After the construction is completed, the root system extends into the substrate along the holes, forming a continuous system of reinforced and exhaust channels with the anchor rod and the coating. This structure not only provides vegetation ecological effects, but also enhances the anti-erosion capacity of the surface soil.

[0073] As shown in Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the partition of the humidity-responsive micro-valve coating and the alignment of the exhaust holes of the bionic vegetation module. The figure shows the spatial alignment of the micro-valve array 12 and the internal holes of the bionic vegetation module 3 from the overhead / planar level. The humidity-responsive micro-valve coating is divided into a grid by the partition boundaries composed of several vertical dashed lines; the open and closed states of the micro-valve array 12 are identified by the symbols "dot = open valve, diagonal line = closed valve" within the partition. Below the humidity-responsive micro-valve coating is the bionic vegetation module (light green strip), which is internally provided with radial main holes and transverse mesh secondary holes.

[0074] During the laying of the coating, it is recommended to fix it once every 2 m through the anchor rod end connector to ensure that the coating is tightly attached to the slope surface without loose areas. The humidity-responsive micro-valve coating weld should be welded by hot wedge welding, with a welding strip width of 30 mm, and the peel strength after welding should not be less than 0.8 N / mm. After the self-repairing coating is sprayed, the bionic vegetation module should be installed after the surface is dry. The bionic vegetation module and the coating should be kept flat and attached to avoid hanging or water accumulation. After the construction is completed, the plants should be properly maintained until they survive, and the substrate should be kept moist during this period.

[0075] After the system is put into operation, the control unit wakes up to sample the humidity, temperature, anchor rod strain, and energy storage voltage in the coating at a set duty cycle. When the humidity RH in the coating continuously exceeds the threshold value RH cand the duration is greater than t0, and the energy storage voltage Vs≥V min When the energy condition is allowed, the control unit closes the micro valve and applies a current pulse (such as 2A, 2s) to the shape memory anchor rod, so that the prestress increment , and the safety factor of the slope body is improved; when RH drops below the threshold, the control unit opens the valve to exhaust steam to prevent water from being trapped under the membrane. If the monitoring shows that the strain growth rate of the anchor rod exceeds the preset value or is abnormal, the system will immediately alarm and inject a solution containing microorganisms and nutrients into the anchor rod cavity for MICP consolidation, and the injection volume , where V pore is the pore volume of the soil around the sliding surface, C calcite is the amount of carbonate that needs to be deposited, η is the deposition efficiency, and the injection rate Q=V sol / t i .

[0076] The modules of the present application are functionally dependent on each other: the humidity-responsive micro valve coating realizes water blocking in the rainy season and steam exhaust in the dry season through threshold control; the shape memory prestressed anchoring unit realizes secondary prestress application under the driving of energy self-provision; the energy harvesting and control module provides power and coordinates the work of each module; the membrane-penetrating self-healing sealing interface ensures the long-term sealing of the membrane-penetrating node; the bionic vegetation module and the micro valve coating constitute the steam exhaust path and provide ecological reinforcement. Through the synergistic effect of these modules, the slope reinforcement and monitoring system constructed by the present application can effectively improve the stability of the slope.

[0077] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and it should be noted that for ordinary skilled persons in the art, without departing from the principles of the present application, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A smart responsive ultra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system, characterized in that, include: The slope body that needs reinforcement; The humidity-responsive microvalve coating is composed of an inner microporous membrane and an outer weather-resistant membrane. The inner layer is equipped with a hydrogel microvalve array that can switch from an open state to a closed state under the control of a relative humidity threshold. The humidity-responsive microvalve coating also incorporates humidity and temperature sensors. The shape memory prestressed anchoring unit consists of several hollow anchors arranged along the slope. The anchor core is made of shape memory material, the cavity is equipped with a spiral drainage microchannel, and strain sensing elements are embedded in the outer wall of the anchor. The energy harvesting and control module includes an energy harvesting device, an energy management unit, and a control unit, which are used to supply power to the humidity-responsive microvalve coating and the shape memory prestressed anchoring unit and adjust the microvalve state and anchor prestress according to the set humidity threshold. The membrane self-healing sealing interface is located at the point where the anchor penetrates the humidity-responsive microvalve coating and at the joint of the humidity-responsive microvalve coating. The biomimetic planting module is installed on the outside of the humidity-responsive microvalve covering layer and adopts a 3D printed biomimetic root structure. It has a steam exhaust channel inside and is aligned with the steam exhaust area of ​​the humidity-responsive microvalve covering layer. It is connected to the outer end of the anchor rod by fasteners and filled with topsoil for planting. A microvalve array is distributed on the humidity-responsive microvalve cladding. Several biomimetic vegetation modules are set on the outside of the humidity-responsive microvalve cladding. Inclined shape memory prestressed anchoring units pass through the humidity-responsive microvalve cladding and anchor into the slope. The hollow anchor rod and the humidity-responsive microvalve cladding pass through the membrane self-healing sealing interface to form a ring seal. The outlet of the shape memory prestressed anchoring unit is led to the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope. Energy harvesting and control modules are set near the tower or on the slope. The maximum orifice area of ​​each microvalve is denoted as A. max Its opening degree changes with the relative humidity (RH) inside the microvalve coating in response to humidity, and its functional form is approximated by an S-shaped function, expressed as follows: Where A(RH) is the relative opening of the microvalve, RH is the relative humidity inside the microvalve coating, and RH is the humidity response. c The preset humidity threshold is set, and k is a parameter reflecting the opening and closing slope; the humidity sensor measures the RH value within the coating in real time, and when RH > RH c Furthermore, when the duration exceeds t0, the microvalve absorbs water, expands, and closes, and the humidity response of the microvalve coating's equivalent permeability coefficient K eq satisfy ,in K represents the microvalve coverage rate. open K is the permeability coefficient when the microvalve is fully open. matrix The permeability coefficient of the base membrane; when the RH drops below the threshold, the micro-valve contracts and returns to the open state, realizing steam exhaust during the dry season; The control unit periodically wakes up the sampling humidity response microvalve to monitor humidity, temperature, anchor strain, and energy storage voltage within the coating layer according to a set duty cycle; when the relative humidity (RH) within the coating layer continuously exceeds the threshold RH... c And the duration is greater than t0, and the energy storage voltage Vs ≥ V min At that time, the control unit closes the micro-valve and applies a current pulse to the anchor bolt under permissible energy conditions, thereby increasing its prestress. ,in The elastic modulus of shape memory materials, For recoverable deformation, The cross-sectional area of ​​the anchor core; when RH drops to the threshold RH c When the following occurs, the control unit opens the valve to release steam; if the anchor bolt strain rate exceeds the preset value or an abnormality is detected, the system immediately alarms and injects a solution containing microorganisms and nutrients into the anchor bolt cavity for MIP consolidation, with the injection volume... V pore C represents the pore volume of the soil surrounding the sliding surface. calcite The amount of carbonate to be deposited is η, where η is the deposition efficiency and the injection rate is Q = V. sol / t i , where t i The duration of injection in phase i.

2. The intelligent responsive ultra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner microporous membrane of the humidity-responsive microvalve coating has a thickness ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 mm and a pore size ranging from 0.1 to 1 micrometer; the outer weather-resistant membrane has a thickness ranging from 0.3 to 1.0 mm and is surface roughened to ensure a friction coefficient of not less than 0.6; the distribution density of the hydrogel microvalve array is 50 to 200 per 100 square centimeters.

3. The intelligent responsive ultra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape memory anchor core is made of nickel-titanium shape memory alloy or shape memory polymer. The outer diameter of the anchor ranges from 28 to 36 mm, and the inner diameter ranges from 12 to 18 mm. The lead of the spiral drainage microchannel ranges from 10 to 30 mm, and the channel outlet is connected to the slope toe drainage ditch.

4. The intelligent responsive ultra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy harvesting device includes an electromagnetic induction coil with 50 to 150 turns and an effective area of ​​0.02 to 0.1 square meters, as well as a triboelectric / piezoelectric thin film adhered to the outer surface of the biomimetic plant module. The harvested electrical energy is rectified and stepped up / down before entering the energy management unit and stored in a supercapacitor or hybrid battery with a capacity of not less than 10 farads.

5. The intelligent responsive ultra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The membrane-penetrating self-healing sealing interface coating is composed of microcapsules with polyurea formaldehyde as the wall material and epoxy or polyurethane resin and its curing agent as the core material. The average particle size of the microcapsules ranges from 50 to 200 micrometers, the coating thickness ranges from 1 to 3 millimeters, and the coating range includes at least 50 millimeters in width around the anchor rod penetration humidity-responsive microvalve coating and the humidity-responsive microvalve coating weld.

6. The intelligent responsive ultra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biomimetic vegetation module is made of biodegradable polymer or geopolymer material with a thickness of 10-20 cm. Its internal exhaust channels are a combination of radial and mesh structures with a diameter of 5-15 mm, and are aligned with the humidity-responsive micro-valve coating exhaust area. The biomimetic vegetation module is fastened to the outer end of the anchor rod by bolts or clips.

7. A construction method for an intelligent responsive ultra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system, characterized in that, To implement the intelligent responsive ultra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system as described in any one of claims 1-6, the system includes the following steps: The slope surface was cleaned and leveled, and drainage ditches and intercepting channels were excavated. Drill holes on the slope according to the design spacing, insert hollow shape memory anchor rods and grout to solidify the anchoring section, and connect strain sensing elements at the same time. A double-layer humidity-responsive microvalve coating is laid from bottom to top, and the joints are sealed by hot welding or adhesive bonding. The humidity-responsive microvalve coating is fixed to the slope by the anchor end connectors, and humidity and temperature sensors and connecting lines are embedded during the laying process. A self-healing sealing interface containing microcapsules is applied to the anchor bolt penetration area of ​​the humidity-responsive microvalve coating and the joint of the humidity-responsive microvalve coating. Install the biomimetic planting module and fill it with topsoil, then sow herbs or plant shrubs. Install an energy harvesting device with an electromagnetic induction coil and a triboelectric / piezoelectric film, connect the energy management unit and the control unit, and complete the connection with the sensor and micro-valve actuator; Based on the local climate and soil conditions, set the humidity threshold, debug the micro-valve opening and closing and shape memory anchor prestress adjustment program, and complete the closed-loop control settings.

8. The construction method of the intelligent responsive ultra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The humidity threshold is set separately for the windward and leeward areas, with the threshold for the windward area being lower than that for the leeward area. When the relative humidity inside the humidity response microvalve coating exceeds the set humidity threshold and the duration is longer than the set time, and the energy storage voltage is not lower than the minimum voltage, the control unit closes the microvalve and applies current to the shape memory anchor to increase the prestress. When the humidity is lower than the humidity threshold, the control unit opens the microvalve to release water vapor under the membrane.

9. The construction method of the intelligent responsive ultra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the humidity inside the humidity response microvalve cover is continuously higher than the humidity threshold and the anchor bolt strain growth rate exceeds the preset value, a solution containing microorganisms and nutrients is injected into the anchor bolt cavity to induce carbonate deposition and consolidate the deep part of the slope.

10. The construction method of the intelligent responsive ultra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The sensors and microvalve actuators of the energy harvesting and control module use low-power wireless communication, and the duty cycle of the system during sleep and sampling does not exceed 10% to ensure a balance between energy harvesting and energy consumption.

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