Reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt comprehensive restoration and utilization method and system

Abstract

The invention discloses a comprehensive restoration and utilization method and system for a reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt, and belongs to the technical field of water conservancy projects and ecological restoration. According to the method, a distributed floating platform green plant combined bank slope anchoring mode is adopted, and after the slope width of the hydro-fluctuation belt is measured in the dry season, an array structure composed of a plurality of rectangular groove-shaped floating platforms is designed and calculated; the floating platform is flexibly connected and anchored to a river bank permanent anchor point through a cable; the emergent aquatic plants are planted by filling degradable planting bags in the floating platform and filling broken stones, fine sand and soil in a layered manner; the floating platform floats on the water surface in the wet season to form a constructed wetland to absorb nitrogen and phosphorus in water, the floating platform lands on the hydro-fluctuation belt in the dry season to form artificial vegetation to control water and soil loss, and the plants can be harvested regularly to serve as fishery or animal husbandry feed. The problems that traditional slope excavation construction is large in difficulty and high in cost are solved, the flexible cable floating platform structure adapts to violent fluctuation of the water level, and the effect of combining ecological restoration and economic benefits is achieved through extremely few permanent structures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological governance engineering technology, specifically to a method and system for the comprehensive restoration and utilization of the drawdown zone of a reservoir. Background Technology

[0002] The drawdown zone of a reservoir refers to a special area where submerged land around the reservoir is periodically exposed above the water surface due to seasonal fluctuations in reservoir water levels. With the continuous development of water conservancy projects in my country, the construction of numerous reservoirs has played a significant role in flood control, power generation, and irrigation, but it has also created ecological problems related to the drawdown zone.

[0003] Currently, most methods for the restoration and utilization of reservoir drawdown zones involve engineering operations on the slopes of the drawdown zone. Common practices include excavating planting trenches, constructing support frames, or building gabions, partitions, and slope protection structures on the slope. Implementing these methods requires a series of construction operations, such as cleaning, compacting, and leveling the slope, followed by artificial planting of flood-tolerant trees, annual plants, or short-lifecycle plants to achieve greening of the drawdown zone slopes.

[0004] However, these existing methods have many shortcomings in practical application. First, the investment cost is high. Both excavation and construction require significant manpower, material resources, and financial investment, increasing the economic burden of drawdown zone management at every stage, from material procurement to construction. Second, slope construction is difficult. The complex terrain of drawdown zones, including steep slopes and unstable geology, presents numerous challenges to excavation and construction, posing high safety risks and demanding stringent technical requirements. Third, post-construction maintenance is difficult. Due to the unique periodic water level changes in drawdown zones, planted vegetation must adapt to complex alternating flood and drought conditions, posing a challenge to plant survival and growth. Significant effort is required for maintenance, replanting, and other upkeep. Fourth, it is difficult to generate economic benefits. Existing methods primarily focus on ecological restoration, with insufficient consideration for economic returns. The failure to generate effective economic returns after investing substantial resources limits their promotion and sustainable development.

[0005] In conclusion, existing methods for the restoration and utilization of reservoir drawdown zones are not effective in practical applications, and a new method is urgently needed to solve these problems.

[0006] Unlike existing methods for repairing and utilizing the drawdown zone of reservoirs, this technical method adopts an engineering approach that combines floating platforms and rope anchors to achieve low-cost and efficient utilization of the drawdown zone.

[0007] Existing technologies mostly involve excavating (planting troughs, support frames) and constructing engineering structures (gabions, partitions, retaining piles) on the drawdown zone slope. This requires clearing, compacting, and leveling the slope before artificially planting flood-tolerant trees, annuals, or short-lifespan plants to achieve slope revegetation. However, these methods have shortcomings in practical application, such as high investment costs, difficult slope construction, challenging maintenance, and difficulty in generating economic benefits. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In response to the technical problems raised in the background art, the present invention provides a comprehensive restoration and utilization method for reservoir drawdown zones that can solve the problem of poor management and utilization effects of reservoir drawdown zones in the prior art.

[0009] The technical solution adopted in this invention is:

[0010] A method for comprehensive restoration and utilization of reservoir drawdown zones, employing a distributed floating platform with vegetation combined with bank slope anchoring, achieves comprehensive utilization of the reservoir drawdown zone space and ecological restoration of the reservoir water body. Specifically, it includes the following steps:

[0011] Step 1: During the dry season when the drawdown zone emerges above the water surface, measure the width of the drawdown zone slope;

[0012] Step 2: Based on the width of the drawdown zone slope, design and calculate the required floating platform array structure and quantity; the floating platform is a rectangular trough structure with buoyancy, used to load soil and plant emergent plants, and is flexibly connected by cables to form a floating platform structure that can float on the water surface.

[0013] Step 3: Connect the side of the floating platform closest to the shore to a permanent anchor point on the riverbank that is not submerged by water using a cable;

[0014] Step 4: Make planting bags containing gravel, fine sand, soil and emergent plant seeds or seedlings, and fill the planting bags into the rectangular trough structure;

[0015] Step 5: When the planting bag contains plant seeds, cover it with a mask until the seeds germinate into seedlings, then remove the mask; when the planting bag contains plant seedlings, no masking is required.

[0016] Step 6: Based on the growth status of the emergent plants, when the plants are lush and the reservoir is in a dry season, and the floating platform is landed in the drawdown zone, the emergent plants are harvested manually for use as feed for fisheries or livestock.

[0017] Preferably, the floating platform is made of high-density polyethylene, and the rectangular trough structure has a length of 2-5 meters, a width of 1-2 meters, and a height of 0.5-1 meters.

[0018] Preferably, the planting bag is made of biodegradable coconut fiber woven bag, and the bag is filled from bottom to top with a gravel layer of 5-10 cm thickness, a fine sand layer of 3-5 cm thickness, and a soil layer filled to 2 / 3 of the bag height. The emergent plant seeds or seedlings are planted in the soil layer and covered with a 3-5 cm thick topsoil.

[0019] Preferably, the cable includes a nylon rope or steel wire rope connecting the floating platform and a steel wire rope connecting the permanent anchor point; the permanent anchor point is a concrete anchor pile buried at least 2-3 meters underground in the riverbank.

[0020] Preferably, the emergent plant in step 4 is sweet flag; the harvesting in step 6 retains 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the plant height.

[0021] Secondly, the present invention also provides a floating platform system for the restoration and utilization of the drawdown zone of a reservoir, comprising:

[0022] Multiple buoyant rectangular trough-shaped floating platforms are used to load soil and plant emergent plants;

[0023] Cable connectors are used to flexibly connect multiple floating platforms to form an array;

[0024] The planting bag is placed inside the rectangular trough-shaped floating platform, and the planting bag is filled from bottom to top with a layer of gravel, a layer of fine sand, a layer of soil, and seeds or seedlings of emergent plants.

[0025] The permanent anchor points are set on the riverbanks that are not submerged by water. They are connected to floating platforms near the bank via anchoring cables, allowing the array of floating platforms to rise and fall freely with changes in water level.

[0026] Furthermore, the rectangular trough-shaped floating platform is made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), with a length of 4 meters, a width of 1.8 meters, and a height of 0.9 meters; the planting bag is made of coconut fiber woven bag; and the emergent plant is calamus.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the main beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0028] By flexibly connecting the floating platform to the bank of the drawdown zone, the floating platform can contact the water surface when the water level is high during the high water season. The emergent plants in the rectangular trough structure of the floating platform can obtain water and nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water, thus creating an artificial wetland effect and inhibiting the problem of eutrophication of the water body.

[0029] During the dry season, the floating platform sinks and lands on the drawdown zone, forming artificial vegetation, which reduces the erosion of bare soil in the drawdown zone by rainfall and produces an ecological effect of controlling soil erosion. The vegetation growing on the floating platform can be harvested regularly and used as feed for herbivorous fish or livestock, generating economic benefits.

[0030] The flexible cable-stayed platform structure adapts to the dramatic water level fluctuations in the reservoir, creating a better natural landscape during the dry season and increasing the activity and foraging space for wetland organisms such as water birds and insects; the minimal number of permanent structures reduces construction difficulty and cost, and has broad market prospects for reservoir ecological restoration. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating the method steps of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the reservoir's floating platform covering the drawdown zone during the dry season, as per the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the floating platform of the reservoir during the high-water season, which absorbs water and nutrients from the water.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the floating platform of the reservoir during the high-water season, which absorbs water and nutrients from the water.

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a reservoir drawdown zone anchor cable fixing floating platform according to the present invention. Specific Implementation

[0036] like Figure 1-5 As shown, this invention employs a distributed floating platform with vegetation combined with bank slope anchoring to achieve the dual functions of comprehensive utilization of the reservoir bank drawdown zone and ecological restoration of the reservoir water body. The method includes the following steps:

[0037] Step 1: During the dry season when the drawdown zone emerges above the water surface, measure the width of the drawdown zone slope, such as... Figure 1 As shown;

[0038] Step 2: Based on the width of the drawdown zone slope, design and calculate the required floating platform array structure and quantity. The floating platforms are rectangular trough-shaped structures with buoyancy, capable of loading soil and planting emergent plants. After being flexibly connected by cables, they form a continuous floating platform structure that can float on the water surface. Figure 2 As shown;

[0039] Step 3: A floating platform formed by connecting several rectangular trough-shaped structures is connected by cables to a permanent anchor point on the riverbank that is not submerged by water.

[0040] Step 4: Make planting bags containing gravel, fine sand, soil and emergent plant seeds or seedlings, and fill the planting bags into a rectangular trough structure with buoyancy;

[0041] Step 5: If the planting bag contains plant seeds, it needs to be covered with a mask. Remove the mask after the seeds germinate into seedlings. If the planting bag contains plant seedlings, this step is not necessary.

[0042] Step 6: Based on the growth status of emergent plants in the planting bags, when the plants are lush and the reservoir is in a dry season, and the floating platform lands on the drawdown zone, the emergent plants can be harvested manually for use as feed for fisheries or livestock, thus completing the ecological restoration and sustainable utilization of the drawdown zone.

[0043] Furthermore, the distributed floating platform with greenery, combined with the shoreline anchoring method, achieves the dual functions of comprehensive utilization of the reservoir bank drawdown zone space and ecological restoration of the reservoir water body. The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0044] S1. Measurement of slope width of the drawdown zone

[0045] During the dry season, when the drawdown zone is exposed above the water surface, it is fully visible and easy to measure. Surveyors use specialized measuring tools such as total stations and laser rangefinders. Multiple measurement points are selected along the length of the drawdown zone slope to ensure the accuracy and representativeness of the data. For areas with relatively flat slopes, the measurement intervals can be appropriately widened; however, for areas with complex terrain and significant undulations, the measurement points need to be densified. Through the integration and analysis of the measurement data, the width of the drawdown zone slope is accurately determined, providing key parameters for subsequent floating platform design.

[0046] S2, Floating Platform Array Structure and Quantity Design and Calculation

[0047] The structure and number of floating platforms are designed based on the width of the drawdown zone slope. The floating platforms are designed as buoyant rectangular trough structures, made of high-strength, water-resistant, and lightweight materials such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE). This material not only ensures the structural strength of the floating platforms but also provides excellent buoyancy, is resistant to aging and corrosion, and can adapt to the complex aquatic environment of the reservoir. The dimensions of the rectangular trough structure need to comprehensively consider various factors, such as the drawdown zone slope width, the space requirements for plant growth, and the water flow velocity. Generally, the length can be set at 2-5 meters, the width at 1-2 meters, and the height at 0.5-1 meter to ensure that the floating platforms can float stably and provide sufficient space for plant growth.

[0048] When calculating the required number of floating platforms, the width of the drawdown slope and the dimensions of the platforms must be considered. First, determine the arrangement of the platforms on the slope, typically using a close arrangement to cover as much of the drawdown slope as possible. For example, if the drawdown slope is 50 meters wide and the platform width is 1.5 meters, considering the need for spacing between platforms to accommodate water level changes and current impacts, a spacing of 0.5 meters is set. Therefore, approximately 50 ÷ (1.5 + 0.5) = 25 platforms are needed per row along the slope width. Based on the drawdown slope length, calculate the total number of floating platforms required and plan the platform array structure. This will be achieved by flexibly connecting the platforms with cables to form a continuous floating platform structure. The cables should be made of high tensile strength and water-resistant materials, such as nylon rope or steel wire rope, to ensure the stability of the connections between the platforms.

[0049] S3, Connection between the floating platform and the permanent anchor point on the riverbank

[0050] A floating platform, formed by several interconnected rectangular trough-shaped structures, is connected by cables to permanent anchor points on the riverbank that are not submerged. The selection of these permanent anchor points is crucial; they must be located in areas with stable riverbank geology, unaffected by water erosion. Large-sized anchor piles can be constructed using concrete casting and deeply embedded in the ground, to a depth determined by the riverbank's geological conditions, generally no less than 2-3 meters, to ensure the anchor piles can withstand the tension of the floating platform under varying water levels and flow conditions. The connection between the cables and anchor piles must be secure and reliable, using specialized metal connectors and bolts for tightening, with proper rust prevention treatment. During the connection process, the length and tension of the cables must be adjusted to ensure the floating platform can rise and fall freely with changes in water level, without shifting or being damaged due to excessively loose or tight cables.

[0051] S4. Planting bag making and filling

[0052] Prepare planting bags containing gravel, fine sand, soil, and emergent plant seeds or seedlings. The planting bags should be made of biodegradable, permeable, and breathable materials, such as coconut fiber woven bags, which promotes root growth and avoids environmental pollution. First, lay a 5-10 cm thick layer of gravel at the bottom of the planting bag. This increases the weight of the bag, preventing excessive swaying of the floating platform under water flow, and also provides drainage and aeration. Next, add a 3-5 cm thick layer of fine sand to further improve soil aeration and water retention. Then, fill the planting bag with fertile soil to two-thirds of its height. The soil should be suitable for emergent plants, such as loam rich in organic matter. Plant the emergent plant seeds or seedlings into the soil. If using seeds, sow them evenly to ensure proper distribution; if using seedlings, ensure the roots are spread out and avoid damaging them. Finally, cover with a 3-5 cm thick layer of soil, gently compacting it to ensure close contact between the seeds or seedlings and the soil.

[0053] S5, Masking Processing

[0054] When the planting bag contains plant seeds, it needs to be covered. A shade net can be used as the cover. Its purpose is to provide suitable light and humidity conditions for the seeds during germination, preventing excessive evaporation of moisture from direct sunlight and avoiding rainwater washing away the seeds, which would affect germination. The shading rate of the shade net can be selected according to local climate conditions and plant species, generally between 30% and 50%. Once the seeds have germinated into seedlings, remove the cover to allow the seedlings to receive sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis and promote growth. This step is not necessary if the planting bag contains plant seedlings.

[0055] S6. Harvesting and utilization of emergent plants

[0056] Based on the growth status of emergent plants in the planting bags, the emergent plants can be harvested manually when the plants are lush and the reservoir is in a dry season, and the floating platform lands on the drawdown zone, for use as feed for fisheries or livestock.

[0057] When harvesting, it is important to choose appropriate harvesting tools, such as sickles or small lawnmowers, to avoid excessive damage to the plants and affecting their subsequent growth. The harvesting height should be adjusted according to the plant species and growth stage, generally retaining 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the plant height to ensure that the plant can continue to grow. After harvesting, emergent plants can undergo preliminary processing, such as drying or chopping, to facilitate storage and transportation.

[0058] For aquaculture feed, it can be directly fed to herbivorous fish; for livestock feed, it can be further processed into silage to improve its nutritional value and shelf life. Through the rational harvesting and utilization of emergent plants, an organic combination of ecological restoration and sustainable utilization of the drawdown zone can be achieved.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] This embodiment takes a reservoir as an example to illustrate in detail the implementation process of the comprehensive restoration and utilization method of the reservoir drawdown zone described in this invention.

[0061] S1. Measurement of slope width of the drawdown zone

[0062] During the dry season of 2022, the drawdown zone emerged above the water surface. Professional surveyors used a high-precision total station to measure the length of the drawdown zone slope. Measurement points were set up every 6 meters; for areas with significant slope undulations or complex geological structures, the interval was increased to one measurement point every 3 meters. After meticulous data collection and analysis, the average width of the drawdown zone slope was determined to be 20 meters.

[0063] S2, Floating Platform Array Structure and Quantity Design and Calculation

[0064] Based on a 20-meter-wide drawdown slope, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was selected to construct the floating platforms, which were designed as rectangular trough structures, 4 meters long, 1.8 meters wide, and 0.9 meters high. Considering the need for a 0.4-meter gap between the platforms to accommodate water level changes and current impact, the number of platforms per row along the slope width was calculated as: 20 ÷ (1.8 + 0.4) ≈ 8.7, rounded up to 9. With an experimental drawdown slope length of 250 meters, and assuming a close arrangement, a total of 9 × (250 ÷ 4) ≈ 563 platforms were required (this number was slightly adjusted based on specific circumstances during actual construction, but ultimately determined to be 560). The platforms were flexibly connected using 12-mm diameter nylon ropes to form a continuous floating platform structure. The nylon ropes possess good flexibility and high strength, maintaining the stability of the platform connections under water level fluctuations and current impact.

[0065] S3, Connection between the floating platform and the permanent anchor point on the riverbank

[0066] In locations near the shore with stable geological conditions and minimal erosion from water flow, concrete anchor piles measuring 1.2 meters long, 1.2 meters wide, and 3.5 meters high are poured as permanent anchor points. The anchor piles are buried 3 meters underground, with 0.5 meters protruding above ground to ensure they can withstand the tension generated by the floating platform under varying water levels and flow conditions. 18mm diameter steel wire ropes are extended from the shore-facing side of a row of floating platforms and connected to the permanent anchor points. Specialized metal connectors are used, and high-strength bolts are used for fastening. The connection points are thoroughly treated with rust prevention, including applying anti-rust paint. During the connection process, the length and tension of the steel wire ropes are precisely adjusted to ensure the floating platform can rise and fall freely with changing water levels and maintain a stable position, preventing displacement or damage due to excessively loose or tight cables.

[0067] S4. Planting bag making and filling

[0068] Coconut fiber woven bags are used to make planting bags. This material has good water permeability and air permeability, is biodegradable, and does not pollute the environment, which is conducive to plant root growth. First, a layer of gravel about 10 cm thick is laid at the bottom of the planting bag. This increases the weight of the planting bag, prevents the floating platform from swaying excessively under the impact of water flow, and also serves to drain and allow for air permeability. Next, a layer of fine sand is covered on top, further improving the soil's permeability and water retention. Then, sifted fertile loam is filled to 2 / 3 of the planting bag's height. Sweet flag (Acorus calamus), a plant suitable for the local growing environment and with high economic value, is selected as an emergent aquatic plant. The sweet flag seedlings are planted in the soil, carefully ensuring that the seedling roots are spread out and avoiding damage. Finally, a layer of soil is covered on top, gently compacted to ensure close contact between the seedling and the soil, providing excellent conditions for growth.

[0069] S5, Masking Processing

[0070] Since this embodiment uses calamus seedlings, no shading is required. If calamus seeds are used, a shade net with a 45% shading rate is necessary. During seed germination, a designated person should regularly check the shade net coverage to ensure the seeds are in a suitable light and humidity environment. Once the seeds have germinated into seedlings, the shade net should be removed promptly to allow the seedlings to receive sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis and promote their healthy growth.

[0071] S6. Harvesting and utilization of emergent plants

[0072] During the dry season of 2023, the sweet flag (Acorus calamus) grew abundantly, and floating platforms were deployed to the drawdown zone. Experts estimated that the total fresh weight of the sweet flag planted on the floating platforms throughout the drawdown zone was approximately 2500 kg. Experienced manual labor teams were organized to harvest the sweet flag using hand tools, cutting it to half its original height to ensure continued growth.

[0073] After harvesting, the calamus was allocated rationally according to actual needs and utilization methods. Approximately 1000 kg was directly fed to grass carp farmed in the reservoir. Actual observations showed that this calamus, as a high-quality natural feed, effectively met the grass carp's need for plant-based food, significantly promoting their healthy growth and improving their quality and yield.

[0074] Another 1,500 kilograms of calamus were dried, chopped, and transported to nearby pastures as feed for cattle, sheep, and other livestock. Drying reduced the moisture content of the calamus, making it easier to store and transport. Chopping the calamus made it easier for livestock to eat and digest, significantly improving feed utilization. Feedback indicates that calamus feed has played a positive role in livestock farming, not only reducing feed costs but also enriching the types of feed available to livestock, improving their health, and increasing farming efficiency.

[0075] By harvesting and utilizing calamus appropriately, both ecological restoration of the drawdown zone and economic benefits have been achieved. Feeding it to grass carp increases the grass carp yield that year, bringing additional economic income; supplying it to ranches as feed also yields corresponding economic returns, achieving a win-win situation for both ecology and economy.

[0076] This embodiment demonstrates that the comprehensive restoration and utilization method for reservoir drawdown zones of the present invention has achieved good results in practical applications.

Claims

1. A method for comprehensive restoration and utilization of the drawdown zone of a reservoir, characterized in that, The method of combining distributed floating platform vegetation with bank slope anchoring is adopted to achieve comprehensive utilization of the reservoir bank drawdown zone space and ecological restoration of the reservoir water body. The specific steps include: Step 1: During the dry season when the drawdown zone emerges above the water surface, measure the width of the drawdown zone slope; Step 2: Based on the width of the drawdown zone slope, design and calculate the required floating platform array structure and quantity; the floating platform is a rectangular trough structure with buoyancy, used to load soil and plant emergent plants, and is flexibly connected by cables to form a floating platform structure that can float on the water surface. Step 3: Connect the side of the floating platform closest to the shore to a permanent anchor point on the riverbank that is not submerged by water using a cable; Step 4: Make planting bags containing gravel, fine sand, soil and emergent plant seeds or seedlings, and fill the planting bags into the rectangular trough structure; Step 5: When the planting bag contains plant seeds, cover it with a mask until the seeds germinate into seedlings, then remove the mask; when the planting bag contains plant seedlings, no masking is required. Step 6: Based on the growth status of the emergent plants, when the plants are lush and the reservoir is in a dry season, and the floating platform is landed in the drawdown zone, the emergent plants are harvested manually for use as feed for fisheries or livestock.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The floating platform is made of high-density polyethylene, and the rectangular trough structure has a length of 2-5 meters, a width of 1-2 meters, and a height of 0.5-1 meters.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The planting bag is made of biodegradable coconut fiber woven bag. The bag is filled from bottom to top with a layer of gravel with a thickness of 5-10 cm, a layer of fine sand with a thickness of 3-5 cm, and a soil layer filled to 2 / 3 of the bag height. The emergent plant seeds or seedlings are planted in the soil layer and covered with a 3-5 cm thick layer of topsoil.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cables include nylon ropes or steel wire ropes connecting the floating platform and steel wire ropes connecting the permanent anchor points; the permanent anchor points are concrete anchor piles buried at least 3 meters underground in the riverbank.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The emergent plant mentioned in step 4 is sweet flag; the harvesting in step 6 retains 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the plant's height.

6. A floating platform system for the restoration and utilization of reservoir drawdown zones, characterized in that, include: Multiple buoyant rectangular trough-shaped floating platforms are used to load soil and plant emergent plants; Cable connectors are used to flexibly connect multiple floating platforms to form an array; The planting bag is placed inside the rectangular trough-shaped floating platform, and the planting bag is filled from bottom to top with a layer of gravel, a layer of fine sand, a layer of soil, and seeds or seedlings of emergent plants. The permanent anchor points are set on the riverbanks that are not submerged by water. They are connected to floating platforms near the bank via anchoring cables, allowing the array of floating platforms to rise and fall freely with changes in water level.

7. The floating platform system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The rectangular trough-shaped floating platform is made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), measuring 4 meters in length, 1.8 meters in width, and 0.9 meters in height; the planting bag is made of coconut fiber woven bag; and the emergent plant is calamus.

Images