A test device for monitoring real-time water absorption of rock and an application method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of rock water absorption test, and more particularly to a test device for monitoring real-time water absorption of rock and an application method thereof. The test device comprises a test bench, a bearing assembly, a water container, an electronic scale and a pressurizing device. The bearing assembly comprises a sleeve and a pull rope, a rock sample is placed in the sleeve, the sleeve is water permeable, the upper end of the pull rope is connected to the test bench, and the lower end of the pull rope is connected to the sleeve. The water container is placed on the electronic scale, water is injected into the water container, the sleeve is placed in the water container and the sleeve does not contact the water container, and the rock sample is completely immersed in water. The pressurizing device is used for pressurizing the water in the water container, and the electronic scale monitors the weight change in real time. The present application solves the problems that the conventional water absorption test cannot collect water absorption data in real time, continuously and automatically, cannot dynamically monitor the whole water absorption process, cannot test soft and weak rock which is easy to disintegrate, and cannot simulate and control the water pressure environment suffered by the rock.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rock water absorption testing technology, and in particular to a test device for monitoring the real-time water absorption of rocks and its application method. Background Technology

[0002] In geotechnical engineering fields such as deep resource extraction, transportation and water conservancy tunnels, and national defense underground engineering, rocks are often located in high-temperature, high-humidity, or water-rich environments. Their water absorption characteristics (such as water absorption rate and saturated water absorption rate) directly affect the mechanical properties of the rock and the stability of the engineering structure. Rock water absorption characteristics are typically characterized by indicators such as water absorption rate, which is the ratio of the mass of water absorbed by a rock sample to its dried mass under standard conditions. Traditional rock water absorption tests aim to determine these indicators to provide a basis for engineering safety assessments.

[0003] Traditional rock water absorption testing methods and apparatus mainly consist of a balance (or electronic scale), a water container (such as a beaker or water tank), and a timer. The working process is as follows: First, the initial dry mass is obtained by weighing the sample; then, the sample is completely immersed in the water container; at a set time point, the sample is removed from the water, the surface moisture is quickly wiped off with a damp cloth, and then it is weighed on the balance, and the amount of water absorbed is recorded; this process needs to be repeated until the sample reaches water saturation; finally, the water absorption rate or saturated water absorption rate is calculated.

[0004] Traditional methods and apparatus for testing rock water absorption rates have the following main technical problems:

[0005] First, the rock sample needs to be repeatedly removed from the water and weighed during the experiment. This operation is not only tedious, time-consuming, and labor-intensive, significantly reducing the efficiency of the experiment, but more importantly, it forcibly interrupts the natural water absorption process of the rock, destroys the constant temperature and humidity environment of the sample, and results in discrete and discontinuous water absorption data that cannot reflect the real-time dynamic changes in water absorption. In addition, frequent operation can easily introduce human error, affecting the accuracy and reliability of the data.

[0006] Secondly, for soft rocks that disintegrate upon contact with water, the samples are prone to disintegration and damage during repeated removal, drying, and weighing, making it impossible to complete the test normally. This makes it difficult to determine the water absorption rate and monitor the dynamic water absorption process, thus limiting the applicability of this technology to soft rocks in important engineering projects.

[0007] Furthermore, traditional devices and methods can only conduct water absorption tests at normal pressure (usually standard atmospheric pressure), and cannot monitor or actively adjust the water pressure at the location of the sample. This results in test conditions that cannot simulate the actual groundwater pressure environment experienced by rocks in deep geotechnical engineering, leading to significant deviations between test results and actual engineering conditions, and reducing the guiding value of test results for engineering practice. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a test device for monitoring the real-time water absorption of rocks. This device aims to solve the problems of traditional water absorption tests, such as the inability to collect water absorption data in real time, continuously, and automatically, the inability to dynamically monitor the entire water absorption process, the inability to test easily disintegrating soft rocks, and the inability to simulate and control the water pressure environment on rocks.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:

[0010] A test device for monitoring the real-time water absorption of rocks includes: a test stand, a support component, a water container, an electronic scale, and a pressurizing device; the support component includes a sleeve and a pull rope, the rock sample is placed inside the sleeve, the sleeve is permeable, the upper end of the pull rope is connected to the test stand, and the lower end of the pull rope is connected to the sleeve; the water container is placed on the electronic scale, and water is injected into the water container; the sleeve is placed in the water container but does not contact the water container, and the rock sample is completely immersed in the water; the pressurizing device is used to pressurize the water in the water container, and the electronic scale monitors the weight change in real time.

[0011] Optionally, the test bench includes a base, a vertical rod, and a horizontal rod. The vertical rod is mounted on the base, the middle of the horizontal rod is mounted on the vertical rod, and multiple pre-drilled holes are provided at both ends of the horizontal rod. The upper end of the pull rope is hooked into the pre-drilled holes of the horizontal rod.

[0012] Optionally, the vertical rod is provided with a sliding groove, the sliding groove is arranged vertically, and the middle of the horizontal rod is fixed to the sliding groove of the vertical rod by bolts, and the position of the horizontal rod on the vertical rod can be adjusted.

[0013] Optionally, the sleeve is made of wire mesh, a magnetic cap is installed on the top of the sleeve, and a water pressure sensor is installed on the inner wall of the sleeve.

[0014] Optionally, the water container includes a heating coaster and a thermos cup. The electronic scale has a tray, the heating coaster is placed on the tray, the thermos cup is installed on the heating coaster, the thermos cup contains water, and the heating coaster can heat the water in the thermos cup.

[0015] Optionally, the pressurizing device includes a pressurizing pump and a pressurizing pipe. The pressurizing pump is installed on the vertical rod of the test bench, and one end of the pressurizing pipe is connected to the pressurizing pump, while the other end is inserted above the liquid level in the water container.

[0016] Optionally, the testing apparatus further includes a computer with a display screen, which is connected to the electronic scale, heating coaster, water pressure sensor, and pressure pump.

[0017] This invention also provides an application method for the test device for monitoring the real-time water absorption of rocks as described above, including:

[0018] The dried and weighed rock sample is placed inside the sleeve, and the sleeve containing the rock sample is suspended on the test bench support.

[0019] Place the electronic scale directly below the suspended sleeve, and place a water container on the scale's tray;

[0020] Adjust the height of the sleeve so that the suspended sleeve is placed in the water container without contacting the water container, and the rock sample is completely immersed in the water. Record the initial total weight on the electronic scale.

[0021] The pressurization equipment is activated to apply water pressure, while the water pressure data is monitored in real time, and the overall weight change data is acquired in real time. The weight data and water pressure data are then transmitted to the computer in real time.

[0022] The computer calculates the water absorption and water absorption rate of the rock sample in real time based on the received weight data, and plots the curves of water absorption, water absorption rate and water pressure over time.

[0023] Optionally, it includes: generating a target water pressure control signal based on a preset dynamic water pressure function model;

[0024] The pressurization device receives the target water pressure control signal and outputs the corresponding water pressure;

[0025] The water pressure sensor measures the actual water pressure data in real time and feeds it back to the computer.

[0026] The computer compares the target water pressure with the actual water pressure. If the deviation exceeds the set threshold, it automatically adjusts the output power of the booster pump to correct the water pressure.

[0027] Optionally, it includes: calculating the saturated water absorption rate, water absorption hysteresis time, and pressure sensitivity coefficient of the rock sample based on the real-time acquired water absorption data;

[0028] The calculated saturated water absorption rate, water absorption lag time, and pressure sensitivity coefficient are used as feature vectors and input into a pre-trained lithology classifier based on support vector machine.

[0029] The lithology classifier outputs the lithology identification results and similarity of the rock samples;

[0030] Based on the lithology identification results and feature vectors, the disaster risk index is calculated;

[0031] If the disaster risk index exceeds the preset threshold, a disaster warning will be triggered and a report containing the critical failure water pressure and support recommendations will be output.

[0032] Based on the lithology identification results or disaster risk index, the test parameters are automatically adjusted, including at least one of water pressure fluctuation amplitude and sampling frequency.

[0033] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0034] 1. The experimental apparatus of this invention uses a test bench to support the load-bearing components. The sleeve adopts a water-permeable structure to ensure that water can freely enter and exit. The rock sample is placed inside the sleeve and suspended from the test bench by a rope, so that the sleeve is suspended in the water container without contacting the container, while ensuring that the rock is completely immersed in the water. An electronic scale monitors the overall weight change in real time, and a pressurizing device pressurizes the water to simulate different water pressure environments. The water-permeable sleeve allows water to penetrate into the rock sample while preventing rock particles from disintegrating upon contact with water, solving the problem that traditional devices cannot test disintegrating rocks. The rope suspension structure keeps the sleeve suspended, preventing the rock from touching the bottom and affecting the water absorption process. The electronic scale monitors the weight change in real time, providing a data basis for calculating the water absorption, replacing the tedious operation of repeated manual weighing, and improving the real-time performance and accuracy of the data. The pressurizing device achieves water pressure regulation, simulating the water pressure environment in deep geotechnical engineering, solving the problem that traditional devices cannot simulate real water pressure. By enabling real-time synchronous monitoring of water absorption and pressure, automated data acquisition and processing, adjustable water pressure loading, and a test structure adapted to disintegrating rocks, the system ultimately achieves a systematic, efficient, accurate, and convenient way to conduct rock water absorption characteristic tests, especially simulating rock water absorption behavior under complex deep water pressure environments. This provides more reliable experimental equipment support and technical means for studying the hydrophysical properties of rocks and their impact on engineering stability.

[0035] 2. A target water pressure control signal is generated based on a preset dynamic water pressure function model. The pressurization equipment receives the signal and outputs the corresponding water pressure. The water pressure sensor measures the actual water pressure in real time and feeds it back to the computer. When the deviation exceeds a set threshold, the power of the pressurization pump is automatically adjusted to correct the water pressure. The parameters in the dynamic water pressure function model can be set according to the groundwater monitoring data of the target project to simulate the real hydrological fluctuation environment. The closed-loop correction mechanism ensures that the deviation between the actual water pressure and the target water pressure is within the allowable range, improving the accuracy and realism of the water pressure simulation. This method solves the problem that it can only perform static or simple periodic pressure regulation and cannot simulate complex hydrological fluctuations. It can more accurately study the water absorption response of rocks under dynamic water pressure and provide a more reliable basis for the prediction of engineering disasters.

[0036] 3. By calculating characteristic parameters such as saturated water absorption rate, water absorption lag time, and pressure sensitivity coefficient using real-time water absorption data, these parameters are input as feature vectors to a pre-trained lithology classifier. The classifier outputs lithology identification results and similarity scores, and a disaster risk index is calculated based on this. When the index exceeds a threshold, an early warning is triggered and a report is output. Simultaneously, experimental parameters (such as water pressure fluctuation amplitude and sampling frequency) are automatically adjusted based on the results. The calculation of characteristic parameters combines water absorption, water pressure, and time data to comprehensively reflect the water absorption characteristics of rocks. The classifier is trained based on a historical database (containing mineral composition, pore structure, water absorption test data, and engineering disaster records), improving the accuracy of lithology identification. The risk index calculation combines saturated water absorption rate and pressure sensitivity coefficient to quantify disaster risk. Automatic parameter adjustment makes the experiment more targeted. This method solves the problems of time-consuming traditional manual analysis, reliance on experience for lithology identification, and inability to automatically issue early warnings. It achieves automatic lithology identification, disaster risk assessment, and early warning, providing a scientific basis for engineering support and enhancing the engineering application value of the experiment.

[0037] Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In addition, the dimensions or spacing between the components are exaggerated to show the position of each component, and the schematic diagrams are for illustrative purposes only.

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the sleeve provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the heating coaster and constant temperature cup provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0042] In the diagram: 1. Test bench; 2. Horizontal bar; 3. Vertical bar; 4. Bolt; 5. Sleeve; 6. Magnetic cover; 7. Pull rope; 8. Pressure pump; 9. Pre-drilled hole; 10. Electronic scale; 11. Tray; 12. Heating coaster; 13. Thermostatic cup; 14. Data cable; 15. Display screen; 16. Computer; 17. Water pressure sensor; 18. Pressure pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0043] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0044] Terminology Explanation:

[0045] Water disintegration characteristic: refers to the phenomenon that the structure of certain weak rocks (such as certain mudstones, shale, and coal rocks) will be destroyed, softened, or even broken into small pieces or mud-like substances after encountering water.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown in the figure, this embodiment proposes a test device for monitoring the real-time water absorption of rocks, including: a test stand 1, a support component, a water container, an electronic scale 10, and a pressurizing device; the support component includes a sleeve 5 and a pull rope 7 (hooked wire), the rock sample is placed in the sleeve 5, the sleeve 5 is permeable, the upper end of the pull rope 7 is connected to the test stand 1, and the lower end of the pull rope 7 is connected to the sleeve 5; the water container is placed on the electronic scale 10, and water is injected into the water container, the sleeve 5 is placed in the water container without contacting the water container, and the rock sample is completely immersed in the water; the pressurizing device is used to pressurize the water in the water container, and the electronic scale 10 monitors the weight change in real time.

[0048] This device, through the suspension design of the permeable sleeve 5 of the supporting component, allows the rock sample to be completely immersed in the water container without contacting it. Combined with the electronic scale 10, which monitors weight changes in real time, this solves the problem of interrupted water absorption caused by the need for repeated sample removal in traditional tests. The pressurization device directly pressurizes the water, and the permeability of the sleeve 5 ensures that the water pressure is applied evenly to the sample, achieving synchronous simulation of the water absorption process and the water pressure environment. The continuous monitoring by the electronic scale 10 avoids human error and provides a continuous data basis for dynamic water absorption rate calculation.

[0049] The test bench 1 includes a base, a vertical rod 3 and a horizontal rod 2. The vertical rod 3 is installed on the base, and the middle of the horizontal rod 2 is installed on the vertical rod 3. Multiple reserved holes 9 are opened at both ends of the horizontal rod 2, and the upper end of the pull rope 7 is hung in the reserved holes 9 of the horizontal rod 2.

[0050] This structure provides stable support for the test bench 1. The pre-drilled holes 9 at both ends of the crossbar 2 can be positioned appropriately according to the suspension requirements of the rope 7, improving the adaptability of the device. Simultaneous testing can be conducted on both sides. The connection between the vertical bar 3 and the crossbar 2 provides a basis for subsequent adjustment of the crossbar 2's height, ensuring that rock samples of different sizes can be accurately immersed in water, avoiding test errors caused by improper positioning. This solves the problems of inconvenient placement and fixed position of rock samples, making the test operation more flexible and adaptable to the testing needs of different rock samples.

[0051] The vertical rod 3 has a sliding groove arranged vertically. The middle of the horizontal rod 2 is fixed to the sliding groove of the vertical rod 3 by bolts 4, and the position of the horizontal rod 2 on the vertical rod 3 can be adjusted.

[0052] The vertical rod 3 sliding groove and bolt 4 fixing mechanism form a height adjustment system, allowing the height of the horizontal rod 2 to be flexibly adjusted according to the size of the rock sample, ensuring that the rock sample is completely immersed in water. During adjustment, the horizontal rod 2 can be moved by loosening bolt 4, and then the bolt 4 can be tightened to fix it after positioning. The operation is convenient and the fixation is reliable, which solves the problem of difficulty in adjusting the immersion depth of rock samples, improves the applicability of the device to rock samples of different sizes, and makes the test more flexible and versatile.

[0053] like Figure 2 As shown, the sleeve 5 is made of wire mesh, a magnetic cover 6 is installed on the top of the sleeve 5, and a water pressure sensor 17 is installed on the inner wall of the sleeve 5.

[0054] The sleeve 5 is constructed of a very fine wire mesh (pore size 0.1~0.5mm, determined according to the particle size distribution of the mudstone), allowing water to freely enter and exit while effectively preventing the loss of rock sample particles. This is especially important for weak rocks that disintegrate upon contact with water, ensuring their integrity during water absorption and guaranteeing the accuracy of test data. The magnetic cap 6 facilitates the opening and closing of the sleeve 5, making it convenient for placing and removing rock samples. A water pressure sensor 17 is installed on the inner wall of the sleeve 5, enabling real-time monitoring of water pressure changes within the sleeve 5 and providing direct data for studying the water absorption characteristics of rock samples under different water pressure conditions.

[0055] like Figure 3 As shown, the water container includes a heating coaster 12 and a thermos cup 13. The electronic scale 10 has a tray 11, and the heating coaster 12 is placed on the tray 11. The tray 11 is surrounded by baffles to safely place the thermos cup 13 and the heating coaster 12. The rear baffle has an opening to connect the heating coaster 12 and the thermos cup 13 through a wire. The thermos cup 13 is filled with water, and the heating coaster 12 can heat the water in the thermos cup 13.

[0056] Heating the water in the thermos cup 13 using the heating pad 12 simulates the water absorption process of rocks under different temperature conditions, broadening the application range of the experimental device. In actual geotechnical engineering, the ambient temperature of rocks may vary, and temperature changes affect the water absorption characteristics and mechanical properties of rocks. Therefore, this design enables the experimental device to simulate various actual engineering environments, study the influence of temperature factors on the water absorption characteristics of rocks, and provide more targeted data support for engineering practice. Simultaneously, the use of the thermos cup 13 helps maintain a stable water temperature, reducing the interference of temperature fluctuations on the experimental results and improving the reliability of the experimental data.

[0057] The pressurizing device includes a pressurizing pump 8 and a pressurizing pipe 18. The pressurizing pump 8 is installed on the vertical rod 3 of the test bench 1. One end of the pressurizing pipe 18 is connected to the pressurizing pump 8, and the other end is inserted above the liquid surface in the water container.

[0058] The pressure pump 8 applies pressure to the water in the water container through the pressure pipe 18, simulating the water pressure environment faced by rocks in deep geotechnical engineering. By adjusting the operating parameters of the pressure pump 8, the magnitude and variation of the water pressure in the water container can be precisely controlled, providing a possibility for studying the water absorption characteristics of rocks under different water pressures. Mounting the pressure pump 8 on the vertical rod 3 optimizes the spatial layout of the experimental setup, making the entire device more compact and rational.

[0059] The test apparatus also includes a computer 16, which has a display screen 15 and is connected to the electronic scale 10, the heating coaster 12, the water pressure sensor 17 and the pressure pump 8.

[0060] Computer 16 serves as the control and data processing center of the experimental setup, enabling automated control of the entire experimental process and real-time data acquisition, processing, and display. Connected to the electronic scale 10, computer 16 receives weight data in real time and calculates the water absorption and absorption rate of the rock sample. Connected to the heating cup pad 12, it controls the water heating process to achieve constant temperature testing. Connected to the water pressure sensor 17, it monitors the water pressure changes (0~10MPa) within the sleeve 5 in real time. Connected to the pressure pump 8, it precisely controls the application of water pressure. The display screen 15 intuitively displays experimental data, graphs, and other information, facilitating real-time observation and analysis of the experimental progress by the personnel.

[0061] The electronic scale 10 can be set to read the time interval and feed the data back to the computer 16 in real time via the data line 14. The computer 16 combines the weight change data monitored in real time by the electronic scale 10 to calculate the real-time water absorption of the rock sample and plot the water absorption rate / water pressure versus time curve. The introduction of the computer 16 greatly improves the automation level of the experiment and the data processing efficiency, reduces human error, and makes the experiment more convenient and efficient, providing strong technical support for in-depth research on the water absorption characteristics of rocks.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] This embodiment provides an application method for the test device for monitoring the real-time water absorption of rocks as described in Embodiment 1, including:

[0064] First, the dried and weighed rock sample is placed inside sleeve 5, and sleeve 5 containing the rock sample is suspended on the test bench support to ensure that the initial state of the rock sample is accurately known, providing reliable basic data for subsequent water absorption tests.

[0065] Subsequently, an electronic scale 10 is placed directly below the suspended sleeve 5, and a water container is placed on the tray 11 of the electronic scale 10. This arrangement enables the electronic scale 10 to accurately weigh the total weight change of the water container and the remaining water.

[0066] Adjust the height of sleeve 5 so that the suspended sleeve 5 is placed in the water container without contacting the water container, and the rock sample is completely immersed in the water. The electronic scale 10 records the initial total weight, ensuring that the rock sample is in the correct immersion state at the beginning of the test, and the electronic scale 10 can obtain accurate initial weight data.

[0067] The pressurization equipment is activated to apply water pressure, while the water pressure data is monitored in real time and the overall weight change data is acquired in real time. The weight data and water pressure data are transmitted to the computer 16 in real time. By simulating the water pressure environment in actual engineering through the pressurization equipment, the dynamic tracking of the test process is realized through real-time monitoring and data transmission.

[0068] The computer 16 calculates the water absorption and water absorption rate of the rock sample in real time based on the received weight data, and plots the curves of water absorption, water absorption rate and water pressure changes over time. It can not only reflect the water absorption of the rock sample in real time, but also intuitively show the relationship between the water absorption process and water pressure changes. It provides comprehensive and accurate data support for the analysis of rock water absorption characteristics, which helps to study the water absorption behavior and laws of rocks under different water pressure conditions, and provides a more reliable theoretical basis for geotechnical engineering practice.

[0069] Detailed operation process:

[0070] ① Assemble the test bench 1, adjust the horizontal bar 2 to the highest point of the vertical bar 3, and then tighten the bolt 4 to fix the position of the horizontal bar 2.

[0071] ② After drying and weighing the rock sample, put it into sleeve 5 and then tighten the magnetic cap 6.

[0072] ③ Hang the lower end of the pull rope 7 on the edge hole of the sleeve 5, and hang the upper end on the reserved hole 9 of the crossbar 2 of the test bench 1.

[0073] ④ Place the electronic scale 10 and tray 11 directly below the suspended rock sample, then place the heating cup pad 12 in the center of the electronic scale 10 tray 11, and connect the wire through the hole in the back baffle of the tray 11 to the heating cup pad 12.

[0074] ⑤ Add an appropriate amount of water to the constant temperature cup 13, place it on the heating cup pad 12, and cover it with the cup lid. Preheat the water to the required temperature according to the test conditions.

[0075] ⑥ Open the lid of the thermos cup 13, loosen the bolt 4, slowly slide the crossbar 2 downwards to fully immerse the rock sample in water, and then put the lid back on.

[0076] ⑦ Connect the electronic scale 10 data cable 14 to the computer 16, then turn on the electronic scale 10 and the computer 16, and read the initial weight of the thermos cup 13, heating pad and water, as well as the overall initial weight affected by buoyancy.

[0077] ⑧ The water pressure is increased by the booster pump 8, and the water pressure sensor 17 in the sleeve 5 monitors it in real time and transmits it to the computer 16. The computer 16 starts data acquisition, calculation and image drawing, and can obtain water absorption rate test data in real time and draw water absorption rate function curve.

[0078] ⑨ After the test is completed, turn off the electronic scale 10 and the computer 16, disassemble the test bench 1, thoroughly clean the sleeve 5 and the constant temperature cup 13, and end the test.

[0079] Example 3

[0080] When tunnel excavation exposes an aquifer, the surrounding rock continuously absorbs water and softens under dynamically changing groundwater pressure, leading to the failure of the support structure. It is necessary to simulate real hydrological fluctuations through experiments, quantify the differences in water absorption response among different lithologies (such as sandstone and mudstone), and predict the risk of water inrush. Therefore, static or simple periodic pressure regulation alone is insufficient; water pressure control is disconnected from lithological response, and the pressure mode cannot be adaptively adjusted according to rock type. Secondly, the water absorption rate curve is not linked to historical databases, lithological identification relies on manual experience, and automatic lithological matching and disaster warning output are impossible. Manual analysis of the water pressure-water absorption rate relationship is time-consuming, inefficient, and difficult to reproduce complex hydrological conditions.

[0081] This embodiment generates a target water pressure control signal based on a preset dynamic water pressure function model; the pressurizing device receives the target water pressure control signal and outputs the corresponding water pressure; the water pressure sensor measures the actual water pressure data in real time and feeds it back to the computer; the computer compares the target water pressure with the actual water pressure, and if the deviation exceeds a set threshold, it automatically adjusts the output power of the pressurizing pump to correct the water pressure.

[0082] The pressurization equipment receives the target water pressure control signal and outputs the corresponding water pressure. A water pressure sensor measures the actual water pressure data in real time and feeds it back to the computer. The computer compares the target water pressure with the actual water pressure. If the deviation exceeds a set threshold, it automatically adjusts the output power of the pressurization pump to correct the water pressure. This closed-loop control system ensures that the actual water pressure accurately follows changes in the target water pressure, improving the accuracy and stability of water pressure control. In rock water absorption tests, precise water pressure control is crucial for studying the water absorption response of rocks under different water pressure conditions. This method can better simulate the dynamic water pressure environment faced by rocks in actual engineering, making the test results more representative and practical. Simultaneously, the automatic adjustment of the pressurization pump's output power reduces manual intervention, improving the automation and efficiency of the experiment.

[0083] Furthermore, based on the real-time acquired water absorption data, the saturated water absorption rate, water absorption lag time, and pressure sensitivity coefficient of the rock sample are calculated; the calculated saturated water absorption rate, water absorption lag time, and pressure sensitivity coefficient are used as feature vectors and input into a pre-trained lithology classifier based on support vector machines; the lithology classifier outputs the lithology identification result and similarity of the rock sample; based on the lithology identification result and feature vector, a disaster risk index is calculated; if the disaster risk index exceeds a preset threshold, a disaster warning is triggered and a report containing the critical failure water pressure and support recommendations is output; according to the lithology identification result or the disaster risk index, the test parameters are automatically adjusted, and the test parameters include at least one of water pressure fluctuation amplitude and sampling frequency.

[0084] Based on real-time acquired water absorption data, the saturated water absorption rate, water absorption lag time, and pressure sensitivity coefficient of rock samples are calculated. These parameters comprehensively characterize the water absorption properties of rocks. The saturated water absorption rate reflects the water absorption capacity of rocks in a saturated state, the water absorption lag time reflects the delayed characteristics of the water absorption process, and the pressure sensitivity coefficient reveals the sensitivity of the rock's water absorption rate to changes in water pressure. The calculated saturated water absorption rate, water absorption lag time, and pressure sensitivity coefficient are used as feature vectors and input into a pre-trained lithology classifier based on support vector machines. The lithology classifier uses machine learning algorithms to learn and train on a large amount of historical experimental data, enabling it to quickly and accurately identify the lithology type and similarity of rock samples. Based on the lithology identification results and feature vectors, a disaster risk index is calculated. If the disaster risk index exceeds a preset threshold, a disaster warning is triggered, and a report containing the critical failure water pressure and support recommendations is output. This provides a scientific basis for disaster prevention and support design in geotechnical engineering, helping to take measures in advance to avoid engineering accidents. Based on lithological identification results or disaster risk index, the test parameters, such as water pressure fluctuation amplitude and sampling frequency, are automatically adjusted, realizing adaptive optimization of the test process, improving the pertinence and efficiency of the test, and further improving the function of the test device so that it can better serve the research on rock water absorption characteristics and geotechnical engineering practice.

[0085] Specifically:

[0086] S100 dynamic water pressure loading;

[0087] S101 water pressure-time function model construction:

[0088] Based on the groundwater monitoring data of the target project, input the following function into the computer software:

[0089] P(t) = P0 + α·sin(βt) + γ·e -δt ;

[0090] Wherein, P0: basic hydrostatic pressure (unit MPa), taken from the hydrostatic pressure value corresponding to the engineering burial depth (e.g., 10 MPa for a burial depth of 1000 meters); α: pressure fluctuation amplitude (unit MPa), set according to the maximum fluctuation amplitude of the engineering hydrological monitoring (e.g., 0.5 MPa); β: fluctuation frequency (unit Hz), set according to the groundwater flow velocity cycle (e.g., 0.01 Hz represents one cycle of 100 seconds); γ: initial value of water inrush attenuation (unit MPa), simulating the sudden pressure rise during water inrush (e.g., 2 MPa); δ: attenuation rate coefficient (unit s). -1 ), control the rate of pressure drop (e.g., 0.05 means 63% decay within 20 seconds); t: the time of the test, in seconds (s).

[0091] The S102 computer converts the P(t) function into an electrical signal, which is then used by the D / A module to control the booster pump to output the corresponding water pressure. Simultaneously, a water pressure sensor monitors the actual water pressure P inside the sleeve in real time. ` If the deviation exceeds 5%, i.e., |P(t) - P ` (t)| / P(t)>0.05, automatically adjust the power of the booster pump in a closed-loop correction.

[0092] S200 Multi-Source Data Fusion and Lithological Classification;

[0093] S201 Data Acquisition and Feature Extraction: Water pressure P(t), rock sample mass m(t), water temperature T(t), water absorption rate dm / dt (calculated from mass difference).

[0094] S202 Feature Extraction:

[0095] Saturated water absorption rate ω s =(m max -m dry ) / m dry ×100%, where m max For the saturated mass of water absorption, m dry For drying quality;

[0096] The water absorption lag time τ is the time difference between the peak water pressure and the peak water absorption rate.

[0097] Pressure sensitivity coefficient k p =Δ(dm / dt) / ΔP(t), unit g / (s·MPa), characterizes the effect of pressure change on water absorption rate, where Δ(dm / dt) is the change in water absorption rate and ΔP(t) is the change in water pressure.

[0098] S203 SVM Lithology Classifier Training:

[0099] A pre-trained SVM lithology classifier is used based on a historical experimental database. The database includes:

[0100] Rock properties: mineral composition (XRD data), pore structure (CT scan data);

[0101] Water absorption test data: ω under 1000 different water pressures s , τ, k p value;

[0102] Engineering disaster record: lithology and water absorption characteristics corresponding to water inrush accidents.

[0103] S204 Classification Process:

[0104] ① The real-time feature vector [ω s , τ, k p Input classifier;

[0105] ② Use SVM to compare the database and output the lithological type and similarity (e.g., "kaolinite mudstone, similarity 93%").

[0106] ③ Calculate the disaster risk index R h =0.3ω s +0.7k p (Mudstone weight), the weight coefficient (0.3 / 0.7) is determined based on regression analysis of mudstone water absorption disaster cases.

[0107] S300 closed-loop adaptive optimization;

[0108] S301 Lithology-Driven Parameter Adjustment:

[0109] If identified as high-risk lithology (R h >0.7): Then the water pressure fluctuation amplitude α will be automatically increased to 1.5 times (simulating extreme hydrology), and the sampling frequency will be increased to 10Hz (to capture sudden changes in water absorption rate).

[0110] Lithological matching degree, or the reliability of rock type results, is calculated by a machine learning model after comparing and analyzing real-time experimental data with historical lithological databases. A higher value indicates a more reliable identification result. If the lithological matching degree is <85%, it is marked as a sample to be verified. After the experiment, manual verification and database updates are performed, and the [ω] of this experiment is then... s ,τ,k p The core mineral data are stored in the database, the SVM classifier is retrained, and the decision boundary is updated.

[0111] S302 Disaster Prediction Output:

[0112] Generate a report, including: critical failure water pressure P cr =P0+0.6α (when R h Effective when ω > 0.7); Support recommendations: for example, when ω s >5% and k p Grouting reinforcement is required when the pressure is >0.05g / (s·MPa).

[0113] Realism is enhanced by water pressure simulation: the function P(t) reproduces the measured hydrological fluctuations in the mine, and lithological feedback (such as mudstone being sensitive to high-frequency fluctuations) is superimposed, with an error of <3%.

[0114] via k p With ω s Weighted calculation of R h This will improve the accuracy of predicting water inrush accidents and increase the efficiency of automatic lithology identification.

[0115] In a gold mine test: the system identified a rock sample k. p=0.09 g / (s·MPa), R h =0.82, automatically switch to high frequency high voltage mode, and output P cr =12.4MPa (actual on-site measured water inrush pressure 12.1MPa), guiding advance support.

[0116] While the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort based on the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test device for monitoring real-time water absorption of rock, characterized by, include: Test bench, load-bearing components, water container, electronic scale and pressurization equipment; The load-bearing component includes a sleeve and a pull rope. The rock sample is placed inside the sleeve, which is permeable to water. The upper end of the pull rope is connected to the test bench, and the lower end of the pull rope is connected to the sleeve. The water container is placed on the electronic scale, water is poured into the water container, the sleeve is placed in the water container and the sleeve does not contact the water container, and the rock sample is completely immersed in the water. The pressurizing device is used to pressurize the water in the water container, and the electronic scale monitors the weight changes in real time. The sleeve is made of wire mesh, and a magnetic cap is installed on the top of the sleeve. A water pressure sensor is installed on the inner wall of the sleeve. The water container includes a heating coaster and a thermos cup. The electronic scale has a tray, the heating coaster is placed on the tray, the thermos cup is installed on the heating coaster, the thermos cup contains water, and the heating coaster can heat the water in the thermos cup. The computer calculates the water absorption amount of the rock sample in real time based on the received weight data, calculates the saturated water absorption rate, water absorption hysteresis time and pressure sensitivity coefficient of the rock sample based on the real-time obtained water absorption amount, inputs the calculated saturated water absorption rate, water absorption hysteresis time and pressure sensitivity coefficient as feature vectors into a pre-trained lithology classifier based on a support vector machine, the water absorption hysteresis time is the time difference from the water pressure peak value to the water absorption rate peak value, the pressure sensitivity coefficient k p =Δ(dm / dt) / ΔP(t), unit g / (s·MPa), representing the influence of pressure change on water absorption rate, wherein Δ(dm / dt) is the water absorption rate change value, and ΔP(t) is the water pressure change value; the lithology classifier outputs the lithology identification result and similarity of the rock sample; and a disaster risk index is calculated based on the lithology identification result and the feature vectors. If the disaster risk index exceeds a preset threshold, a disaster warning will be triggered and a report containing critical failure water pressure and support recommendations will be output.

2. The test apparatus for monitoring real-time water absorption of rock according to claim 1, wherein The test bench includes a base, a vertical rod, and a horizontal rod. The vertical rod is installed on the base, and the middle of the horizontal rod is installed on the vertical rod. Multiple reserved holes are opened at both ends of the horizontal rod, and the upper end of the pull rope is hooked into the reserved holes of the horizontal rod.

3. The test apparatus for monitoring the real-time water absorption of rock according to claim 2, wherein The vertical rod has a sliding groove arranged vertically, and the middle of the horizontal rod is fixed to the sliding groove of the vertical rod by bolts, which can adjust the position of the horizontal rod on the vertical rod.

4. The test apparatus for monitoring real-time water absorption of rock according to claim 1, wherein The pressurizing device includes a pressurizing pump and a pressurizing pipe. The pressurizing pump is installed on the vertical rod of the test bench. One end of the pressurizing pipe is connected to the pressurizing pump, and the other end is inserted above the liquid level in the water container.

5. The test apparatus for monitoring the real-time water absorption of rock according to claim 4, wherein The experimental apparatus also includes a computer with a display screen, which is connected to the electronic scale, heating coaster, water pressure sensor and pressure pump.

6. The method of using the test apparatus for monitoring the real-time water absorption of rock according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, include: The dried and weighed rock sample is placed inside the sleeve, and the sleeve containing the rock sample is suspended on the test bench support. Place the electronic scale directly below the suspended sleeve, and place a water container on the scale's tray; Adjust the height of the sleeve so that the suspended sleeve is placed in the water container without contacting the water container, and the rock sample is completely immersed in the water. Record the initial total weight on the electronic scale. The pressurization equipment is activated to apply water pressure, while the water pressure data is monitored in real time, and the overall weight change data is acquired in real time. The weight data and water pressure data are then transmitted to the computer in real time. The computer calculates the water absorption and water absorption rate of the rock sample in real time based on the received weight data, and plots the curves of water absorption, water absorption rate and water pressure over time.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the composition is applied to the skin of the user in an amount of about 0.1 to about 10 grams. include: Based on a preset dynamic water pressure function model, a target water pressure control signal is generated; The pressurization device receives the target water pressure control signal and outputs the corresponding water pressure; The water pressure sensor measures the actual water pressure data in real time and feeds it back to the computer. The computer compares the target water pressure with the actual water pressure. If the deviation exceeds the set threshold, it automatically adjusts the output power of the booster pump to correct the water pressure.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein the composition is applied to the skin of the user at least once a day. include: The saturated water absorption rate, water absorption hysteresis time, and pressure sensitivity coefficient of the rock sample were calculated based on the real-time water absorption data. The calculated saturated water absorption, water absorption hysteresis time and pressure sensitivity coefficient are taken as characteristic vectors, and input into a pre-trained lithology classifier based on a support vector machine; The lithology classifier outputs a lithology identification result and a similarity of the rock sample; Based on the lithology identification result and the characteristic vectors, a disaster risk index is calculated; If the disaster risk index exceeds a preset threshold, a disaster warning is triggered, and a report containing a critical failure water pressure and support suggestions is output; According to the lithology identification result or the disaster risk index, test parameters are automatically adjusted, the test parameters including at least one of a water pressure fluctuation amplitude and a sampling frequency.

Images