Solar heliostat with pneumatic flow guide load shedding and friction damping vibration attenuation functions
By employing aerodynamic flow guidance and friction damping vibration reduction design, the structural deformation problem of the heliostat under wind load was solved, achieving efficient improvement in optical accuracy and cost savings.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511276777.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-08
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-02
AI Technical Summary
During service, heliostats are susceptible to structural deformation due to their own weight and wind loads, which affects optical accuracy and light-gathering efficiency. Existing technologies address this by increasing the rigidity of the steel structure, but this is costly and makes it difficult to balance cost-effectiveness.
The design employs aerodynamic flow guidance for load reduction and friction damping for vibration reduction. By wrapping the heliostat support structure to form a streamlined aerodynamic shape, airflow is guided. Friction dampers are added and connected to the main beam and sub-beam to adjust the preload and friction of the steel cables, thereby reducing wind load and vibration.
This reduces wind load and structural vibration on the heliostat, improves optical accuracy, reduces material usage and cost, and enhances cost-effectiveness.
Smart Images
Figure CN121055865A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of solar concentrated thermal power generation new energy utilization, and in particular relates to a solar heliostat with aerodynamic flow guidance and load reduction and friction damping vibration reduction. Background Technology
[0002] Tower solar thermal power generation technology uses thousands of heliostats to focus low-density solar radiation onto a small-area receiver (or absorber), forming high-density radiation energy to heat the fluid working medium inside the receiver, thereby driving a heat engine and a generator to generate electricity. It is one of the solar energy application technologies with the potential to become a baseload power source. As a "new favorite" in the clean energy family, it plays an important role in future energy and is one of the important ways to achieve the upgrading of future energy structure and help achieve the "dual carbon" strategic goal.
[0003] Solar heliostats are the core devices in a tower-type solar thermal power plant, responsible for concentrating solar energy. They are required to focus high-quality solar energy from a radius around the absorber tower into the absorber for photo-thermal conversion. However, heliostats are susceptible to structural deformation due to their own weight and wind loads during operation, leading to a decrease in the optical accuracy of the mirror units. Furthermore, the considerable distance between the heliostat and the absorber tower means that even minor deformations of the heliostat's reflecting surface can cause reflected solar beams to fall onto the absorber or deteriorate the energy flux density distribution, directly impacting the heliostat's concentrating efficiency and the absorber's light distribution quality. This problem is particularly pronounced when heliostats vibrate under pulsating wind loads. Current technologies typically increase the amount of steel used in the heliostat's steel structure to enhance structural rigidity and reduce deformation under service loads. However, this increases costs related to structural materials, manufacturing, transportation, and power consumption during operation, making it difficult to reconcile the aforementioned cost-effectiveness contradiction. Therefore, innovating the heliostat structure to reduce wind load and suppress wind disturbance vibration is one of the important ways to improve the cost-effectiveness of heliostats, ensuring their optical performance in service and reducing structural costs. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This invention provides a solar heliostat with aerodynamic flow guidance and friction damping for load reduction. By wrapping the support structure on the back of the heliostat to form a streamlined aerodynamic shape, the wind load on the heliostat is reduced by guiding changes in airflow. Several friction dampers are added in front of and behind the heliostat and connected to the main beam and secondary beam of the heliostat by steel cables. The initial preload of each steel cable and the friction force of the friction element in the connected friction damper can be set independently, which enhances the out-of-plane stiffness of the heliostat and reduces structural vibration under pulsating wind conditions, thereby improving the optical accuracy during service.
[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: a solar heliostat with aerodynamic flow guidance and load reduction and friction damping vibration reduction, comprising a column whose axis is perpendicular to the ground plane and fixed to the foundation; a dual-axis tracking device fixed to the top of the column and realizing azimuth-pitch rotation; two collinear main beams fixed to the flanges on both sides of the pitch motion component in the dual-axis tracking device; several secondary beams vertically fixed to the main beams and arranged in parallel array along the length of the main beams; several mirror units fixed to the secondary beams; several connectors fixed to the main beams and extending along the non-concentrating side; and connecting the ends of the connectors to the secondary beams to form a triangle. The structure includes several diagonal braces, with at least one diagonal brace installed on each side of the main beam along a secondary beam. It also includes two steel cables A, each independently connected to the ends of several connectors fixed to the main beams on both sides; at least one strut fixed to the main beam and parallel to the focal axis of the mirror unit; at least one friction damper installed at the end of the strut; several tensioned steel cables connecting the friction dampers to the main beam and secondary beam respectively; and two covers independently wrapping around the diagonal braces on the two main beams. The covers conform to and are fixed to the shape of the diagonal braces and steel cables A, forming a triangular prism aerodynamic structure. The two triangular end faces of the column are sealed, and the cover extends to the back of the mirror unit and is sealed therewith with elastic adhesive. By partially wrapping the steel structure on the back of the heliostat to form a streamlined aerodynamic shape, changes in airflow are guided to reduce the wind load on the heliostat. In addition, the back of the mirror unit in the area where the cover is located is under normal pressure, reducing the net wind pressure load it bears. The friction damper includes a friction base with several elongated friction concave surfaces, an elongated friction element that rubs against the friction concave surfaces of the friction base and is connected to the front end of a steel cable, and a friction element that rubs against the friction element and is connected to the steel cable at the front end. The system includes a pressure plate pressed against the friction substrate, a pressure regulating structure A for adjusting the pressure of the pressure plate, a guide roller located at the front end of the friction element and guiding the movement of the steel cable connected to it, and a pressure regulating structure B located at the rear end of the friction element and adjusting the tension of the steel cable connected to the friction element. The friction element rubs back and forth along the length of the friction concave surface of the friction substrate to dissipate energy. The guide roller restricts the tension transmitted by the steel cable to the connected friction element in its direction of movement. Through the steel cable and friction damping device, the out-of-plane stiffness of the heliostat can be enhanced, and the structural vibration under pulsating wind conditions can be reduced, thereby improving the optical accuracy during service.
[0006] Preferably, in the above-mentioned aerodynamic flow guidance and friction damping vibration reduction solar heliostat, the main beam is located at the middle position in the height direction of the heliostat's reflective surface, the extension direction of the connector is parallel to the focal axis of the mirror unit, and the diagonal braces connected to both sides of each secondary beam are symmetrical along the main beam. The connection position is H / 3 from the middle position in the height direction of the reflective surface, where H is the total height of the heliostat's reflective surface. The connection position of the diagonal brace and the end of the connector is 0.15H~0.25H from the back of the mirror unit. This achieves the best aerodynamic shape ratio and minimizes the wind load borne by the heliostat.
[0007] In the aforementioned solar heliostat with aerodynamic flow guidance and friction damping vibration reduction, the covering is made of waterproof, windproof, and weather-resistant canvas, PVC membrane, glass fiber composite material, PTFE membrane, or ETFE membrane, which has the effect of low cost and durability.
[0008] In the aforementioned aerodynamic flow guidance and friction damping vibration reduction solar heliostat, the friction substrate is a columnar structure with several planes arranged circumferentially. Each plane has a friction concave surface along its length, and several studs are vertically fixed to each plane. One side of the pressure plate has an elongated friction concave surface that mates with the friction element. The pressure plate passes through each stud, and the friction concave surface matches and clamps the friction element. A pressure regulating structure A is installed on each stud. The pressure regulating structure A includes a spring A connected in series with each stud and one end pressing against the pressure plate, and a pressure regulating nut A threaded onto the stud and pressing the spring A. The pressure regulating structure B includes a spring B and... The pressure adjusting nut B is used to adjust the pressure of the friction element. The tail end of the friction element slides through a smooth cylindrical shaft surface and extends out of the flange cylindrical hole of the friction base, with a spring B connected in series on the extended threaded shaft. The pressure adjusting nut B is threadedly engaged with the threaded shaft to press the spring B. Several seat plates are fixed on the end face of the friction element cable connection side of the friction base. The guide rollers are installed on these seat plates, with one guide roller for each cable. The initial preload of each cable and the friction force of the friction element in the connected friction damper can be set independently, which can flexibly match the deformation characteristics of different areas in the heliostat, give full play to the best effect of damping energy dissipation and vibration reduction, and improve the optical accuracy in service.
[0009] Preferably, in the above-mentioned aerodynamic flow-guided load reduction and friction damping vibration reduction solar heliostat, the interior of the friction substrate is a cavity structure, and a feed port is provided at only one end; the cavity structure stores a liquid energy-dissipating medium, which is water, silicone oil, mineral oil, glycerol aqueous solution, or antifreeze liquid ethylene glycol aqueous solution; the cavity is sealed by installing a plug on the feed port, and by storing the liquid damping medium in the inner cavity of the friction substrate, the liquid damping medium will oscillate and shake to dissipate energy when the heliostat vibrates due to wind disturbance, further reducing the vibration of the heliostat; at the same time, the liquid damping medium can also absorb the heat generated by the relative operation of the friction substrate and the friction element, reducing the service temperature of the friction damper.
[0010] Preferably, in the above-mentioned aerodynamic flow-guided load reduction and friction damping vibration reduction solar heliostat, the support rods include a support rod B located at the center of the heliostat's reflecting surface and extending towards the concentrating side, and two support rods A respectively fixed to the main beams on both sides of the pitch motion component and extending towards the non-concentrating side; at least one friction damper is fixed to the end of each of the support rods B and A; the steel cables include several steel cables C connecting each friction element in the friction damper installed on the support rod B to the main beam and the secondary beam, and several steel cables B connecting each friction element in the friction damper installed on the support rod A to the main beam and the secondary beam. The structural parameters of each friction damper can be different, especially the capacity of the stored liquid damping medium can be different. By reasonably configuring, the center of gravity of the heliostat is made as close as possible to the axis of the column, reducing the gravitational torque borne by the dual-axis tracking device, the main beam, and the column.
[0011] Preferably, in the above-mentioned aerodynamic flow-guided load reduction and friction damping vibration reduction solar heliostat, two friction dampers are connected in series at the end of the strut B. The friction elements of the outermost friction damper are connected to the outermost ends of the main beam and the secondary beam respectively through steel cable C. The friction elements of the other friction damper are connected to the middle position of the main beam and the secondary beam respectively through steel cable C. This can achieve coordinated vibration reduction and enhanced structural stiffness in different areas of the heliostat.
[0012] Preferably, in the above-mentioned aerodynamic flow guidance and friction damping vibration reduction solar heliostat, the gap left after each mirror unit is installed is less than 20 mm, which can reduce the wind entering the interior of the cover.
[0013] In the aforementioned aerodynamic flow guidance and friction damping vibration reduction solar heliostat, the friction concave surfaces on the friction substrate and pressure plate are cylindrical concave surfaces with equal diameters. The height of these cylindrical concave surfaces is less than their radius, leaving a gap between the pressure plate and the friction substrate after the pressure plate presses the friction element. The friction element is cylindrical and frictionally engages with the friction concave surface. Alternatively, the friction concave surface can be a rectangular groove, with the friction engagement section between the friction element and the rectangular groove being rectangular. The depth of the rectangular groove is less than half the height of the rectangular cross-section of the friction element, leaving a gap between the pressure plate and the friction substrate after the pressure plate presses the friction element. The friction element is made of GCr15 bearing steel and is integrally quenched to HRC 60 or higher. The friction substrate is made of copper-based powder metallurgy material. This material matching maintains excellent wear resistance and a stable coefficient of friction. The friction concave surface ensures that even after the friction element or the friction concave surface is worn, the friction element still maintains a clamping force, continuing to achieve the friction energy dissipation function. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
[0014] (1) The present invention reduces the wind load on the heliostat and lowers the structural stiffness requirement by wrapping the support structure on the back of the heliostat to form a streamlined aerodynamic shape and guiding the change of air flow state.
[0015] (2) Several friction dampers are added in front of and behind the heliostat and connected to the main beam and secondary beam of the heliostat by steel cables. The initial preload of each steel cable and the friction force of the friction element in the connected friction damper can be adjusted independently according to the different connection positions of the steel cables. This allows for flexible matching of the deformation characteristics of different areas in the heliostat, and enhances the out-of-plane stiffness of the heliostat at low cost to resist deformation caused by its own weight and wind load. At the same time, it reduces the structural vibration under pulsating wind conditions, improves the optical accuracy in service, and further reduces the stiffness requirement of the steel structure on the back of the heliostat and saves materials.
[0016] (3) By storing liquid damping medium in the inner cavity of the friction base, the liquid damping medium will oscillate and shake to dissipate energy when the heliostat is disturbed by wind, further reducing the vibration of the heliostat; at the same time, the liquid damping medium can also absorb the heat generated by the relative operation of the friction base and the friction element, reducing the service temperature of the friction damper.
[0017] (4) The structural parameters of the multiple friction dampers can be different, especially the storage capacity of the liquid damping medium can be different. By reasonably configuring them, the center of gravity of the heliostat can be as close as possible to the axis of the column, thereby reducing the gravitational torque borne by the dual-axis tracking device, the main beam and the column. Attached Figure Description
[0018] Figure 1 This is a back axis view of a portion of the solar heliostat structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0019] Figure 2 This is a front view of a portion of the solar heliostat structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0020] Figure 3 This is a right view of a solar heliostat provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0021] Figure 4 This is a top view of a solar heliostat provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0022] Figure 5 This is a partial projection view of a friction energy dissipator provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0023] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Partial sectional view of AA in the image.
[0024] In the diagram: 1-Column; 2-Strut A; 3-Diagonal brace; 4-Connector; 5-Sub-beam; 6-Mirror unit; 7-Main beam; 8-Dual-axis tracking device; 9-Steel cable A; 10-Steel cable B; 11-Steel cable C; 12, 14-Friction damper; 13-Strut B; 15-Cover; 101-Stud; 102-Adjusting nut A; 103-Spring A; 104-Pressure plate; 105-Friction element; 106-Friction base; 107-Seat plate; 108-Guide roller; 109-Guide cylinder pair; 110-Spring B; 111-Adjusting nut B; 112-Plug; 113-Liquid energy-consuming medium. Detailed Implementation
[0025] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0026] like Figures 1-6As shown, a solar heliostat with aerodynamic flow guidance and friction damping vibration reduction includes a column 1 whose axis is perpendicular to the ground plane and fixed to the foundation; a dual-axis tracking device 8 fixed to the top of the column 1 and realizing azimuth-pitch rotation; two collinear main beams 7 fixed to the flanges on both sides of the pitch motion component in the dual-axis tracking device 8; several secondary beams 5 vertically fixed to the main beams 7 and arranged in parallel array along the length of the main beams 7; several mirror units 6 fixed to the secondary beams 5; several connectors 4 fixed to the main beams 7 and extending along the non-concentrating side; and several diagonal braces 3 connecting the ends of the connectors 4 to the secondary beams 5 to form a triangular stable structure. Each secondary beam 5 has at least one diagonal brace 3 on each of the upper and lower sides of the main beam 7. It also includes two steel cables A that independently connect the ends of the connectors 4 fixed on the two main beams 7. 9. At least one strut (2 or 13) fixed to the main beam 7 and parallel to the focal axis of the mirror unit 6; at least one friction damper (12 or 14) installed at the end of the strut; several tensioned steel cables (10 or 11) connecting the friction damper (12 or 14) to the main beam 7 and the secondary beam 5 respectively; and two covers 15 independently wrapped around several diagonal braces 3 on the two main beams 7 respectively. The covers 15 conform to and are fixed to the shape of the diagonal braces 7 and steel cables A 9, forming a triangular prism aerodynamic shape structure. The two triangular end faces of the triangular prism are sealed. The covers 15 extend to the back of the mirror unit 6 and are sealed thereto with elastic adhesive, thereby partially wrapping the steel structure on the back of the heliostat to form a streamlined aerodynamic shape, guiding changes in airflow to reduce the wind load on the heliostat. In addition, the back of the mirror unit 6 in the area where the covers 15 are located is under normal pressure, reducing the net wind pressure load borne by the mirror unit 6. The adjacent gaps left after the installation of each mirror unit are less than 20 mm. mm, which reduces wind inflow into the cover; the friction damper (12 or 14) includes a friction base 106 with several elongated friction concave surfaces, an elongated friction element 105 that rubs against the friction concave surfaces of the friction base 106 and is connected to the front end of a steel cable (10 or 11), a pressure plate 104 that cooperates with the friction element 105 and presses it against the friction base 106, a pressure adjusting structure A that adjusts the pressure of the pressure plate 104, and a guide located at the front end of the friction element 105 and guiding the movement of the steel cable (10 or 11) connected to it. The roller 108 and the pressure regulating structure B located at the tail end of the friction element 105 and adjusting the tension of the steel cable (10 or 11) connected to the friction element 105 are included. The friction element 105 moves back and forth along the length of the friction concave surface of the friction base 106 to dissipate energy. The guide roller 108 restricts the tension transmitted by the steel cable to the connected friction element 105 in its direction of movement, preventing the friction element 105 from being subjected to bending moment. The out-of-plane stiffness of the heliostat can be enhanced by the steel cable and the friction damping device, while reducing the structural vibration under pulsating wind conditions and improving the optical accuracy during service.
[0027] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the friction base 106 is a columnar structure with several planes arranged circumferentially. Each plane has a friction concave surface along its length, and several studs 101 are vertically fixed to each plane. One side of the pressure plate 104 has an elongated friction concave surface that mates with the friction element 105. The pressure plate 104 passes through each stud 101, and the friction concave surface matches and clamps the friction element 105. A pressure adjusting structure A is installed on each stud 101. The pressure adjusting structure A includes a spring A 103 connected in series with each stud 101 and one end pressing against the pressure plate, and a pressure adjusting nut A 102 threaded onto the stud 101 and pressing the spring A 103. The pressure adjusting structure B includes a spring B 110 and a pressure adjusting nut B 111. The tail end of the friction element 105 slides through a smooth cylindrical shaft surface and slides into the flange cylindrical hole at the tail end of the friction base 106, extending out of the threaded shaft. A spring B is connected in series on the extended threaded shaft. 110, the adjusting nut B 111 is threaded onto the threaded shaft to press the spring B 110; the friction base 106 has several seat plates 107 fixed on the end face of the steel cable connection side of the friction element 105, and the guide roller 108 is installed on the seat plate 107, with each steel cable (10 or 11) matched with a guide roller 108; the initial preload of each steel cable (10 or 11) and the friction force of the friction element in the connected friction damper (12 or 14) can be set independently, which can flexibly match the deformation characteristics of different areas in the heliostat, give full play to the best effect of damping energy consumption and vibration reduction, and improve the optical accuracy in service.
[0028] like Figure 6 As shown, the friction concave surfaces on the friction base 106 and the pressure plate 104 are cylindrical concave surfaces with equal diameters. The height of the cylindrical concave surface is less than its radius, so that after the pressure plate 104 presses the friction element 105, there is a gap between it and the friction base 106. The friction element 105 is cylindrical and frictionally engages with the friction concave surface. Alternatively, the friction concave surface is a rectangular groove, and the friction engagement section between the friction element 105 and the rectangular groove is rectangular. The depth of the rectangular groove is less than half the height of the rectangular cross-section of the friction element 105, so that after the pressure plate 104 presses the friction element 105, there is a gap between it and the friction base 106. The friction element 105 is made of GCr15 bearing steel and is integrally quenched to HRC 60 or higher. The friction base 106 is made of copper-based powder metallurgy material. This material matching can maintain excellent wear resistance and stable friction coefficient. The friction concave surface can ensure that the friction element still has a clamping force after the friction element or the friction concave surface is worn, and continue to realize the friction energy dissipation function.
[0029] Preferably, such as Figure 1As shown, the main beam 7 is located at the middle position in the height direction of the heliostat's reflecting surface. The extension direction of the connector 4 is parallel to the focal axis of the mirror unit, and the diagonal braces 3 connected to both sides of each secondary beam 5 are symmetrical along the main beam. The connection position is H / 3 from the middle position in the height direction of the reflecting surface, where H is the total height of the heliostat's reflecting surface. The connection position of the diagonal brace 3 and the end of the connector 4 is 0.15H~0.25H from the back of the mirror unit 6. This can obtain the best aerodynamic shape ratio and minimize the wind load on the heliostat.
[0030] Preferably, the covering 15 is made of waterproof, windproof, and weather-resistant canvas, PVC membrane, glass fiber composite material, PTFE membrane, or ETFE membrane, which has the effect of low cost and durability.
[0031] Preferably, such as Figure 6 As shown, the friction base 106 has a hollow internal structure with a feed hole at only one end. This hollow structure stores a liquid energy-dissipating medium 113, which can be water, silicone oil, mineral oil, an aqueous solution of glycerol, or an antifreeze aqueous solution of ethylene glycol. The cavity is sealed by installing a plug 112 in the feed hole. By storing the liquid damping medium 113 in the inner cavity of the friction base 106, the liquid damping medium 113 will oscillate and dissipate energy during wind-induced vibrations of the heliostat, further reducing the heliostat's vibration. Simultaneously, the liquid damping medium 113 can also absorb the heat generated by the relative movement of the friction base 106 and the friction element 105, reducing the service temperature of the friction damper.
[0032] Preferably, such as Figures 2 to 4 The support rods include a support rod B 13 located at the center of the heliostat's reflecting surface and extending towards the focusing side, and two support rods A 2 respectively fixed to the main beams 7 on both sides of the pitch motion component and extending towards the non-focusing side; each of the support rods B 13 and A 2 has at least one friction damper fixed to its end; the steel cables include several steel cables C 11 connecting each friction element in the friction damper 12 installed on the support rod B 13 to the main beam 7 and the secondary beam 5, and several steel cables B 10 connecting each friction element in the friction damper 14 installed on the support rod A 2 to the main beam 7 and the secondary beam 5. The structural parameters of each friction damper can be different, especially the capacity of the stored liquid damping medium can be different. By reasonably configuring them, the center of gravity of the heliostat can be as close as possible to the axis of the column, reducing the gravitational torque borne by the dual-axis tracking device, the main beam, and the column.
[0033] Preferably, two friction dampers 12 are connected in series at the end of the strut B 13. The friction elements of the outermost friction damper are connected to the outermost ends of the main beam 7 and the secondary beam 5 through steel cables C, and the friction elements of the other friction damper are connected to the middle positions of the main beam and the secondary beam through steel cables C. This can achieve coordinated vibration reduction and enhanced structural stiffness in different areas of the heliostat.
Claims
1. A solar heliostat with aerodynamic flow guidance for load reduction and frictional damping for vibration reduction, comprising a column whose axis is perpendicular to the ground plane and fixed to a foundation; a dual-axis tracking device fixed to the top of the column and enabling azimuth-pitch rotation; two collinear main beams fixed to the flanges on both sides of the pitch motion component in the dual-axis tracking device; several secondary beams vertically fixed to the main beams and arranged in a parallel array along the length of the main beams; several mirror units fixed to the secondary beams; several connectors fixed to the main beams and extending along the non-concentrating side; and several diagonal braces connecting the ends of the connectors to the secondary beams to form a triangular stable structure, wherein each secondary beam has at least one diagonal brace on each side of the main beam; characterized in that... It also includes two steel cables A at the ends of several connectors fixed on the two main beams, at least one strut fixed to the main beam and parallel to the focal axis of the mirror unit, at least one friction damper installed at the end of the strut, several tensioned steel cables connecting the friction damper to the main beam and the secondary beam respectively, and two covers independently wrapping several diagonal braces on the two main beams; the covers fit the shape of the diagonal braces and steel cables A and are fixed to them, forming a triangular prism aerodynamic shape structure, and the two triangular end faces of the triangular prism are sealed, the covers extend to the back of the mirror unit and are sealed therewith by elastic adhesive; the friction damper The device includes a friction base with several elongated friction concave surfaces, an elongated friction element that rubs against the friction concave surfaces of the friction base and is connected to a steel cable at its front end, a pressure plate that cooperates with the friction element and presses it against the friction base, a pressure adjusting structure A that adjusts the pressure of the pressure plate, a guide roller located at the front end of the friction element and guiding the movement of the steel cable connected to it, and a pressure adjusting structure B located at the rear end of the friction element and adjusting the tension of the steel cable connected to the friction element; the friction element rubs back and forth along the length of the friction concave surfaces of the friction base to dissipate energy, and the guide roller restricts the tension transmitted by the steel cable to the connected friction element in its direction of movement.
2. The solar heliostat with aerodynamic flow guidance and friction damping vibration reduction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main beam is located at the middle position in the height direction of the heliostat's reflecting surface. The extension direction of the connector is parallel to the focal axis of the mirror unit. The diagonal braces connected to both sides of each secondary beam are symmetrical along the main beam. The connection position is H / 3 from the middle position in the height direction of the reflecting surface, where H is the total height of the heliostat's reflecting surface. The connection position between the diagonal brace and the end of the connector is 0.15H~0.25H from the back of the mirror unit.
3. The solar heliostat with aerodynamic flow guidance and friction damping vibration reduction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The covering is made of waterproof, windproof, and weather-resistant canvas, PVC membrane, glass fiber composite material, PTFE membrane, or ETFE membrane.
4. The solar heliostat with aerodynamic flow guidance and friction damping vibration reduction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The friction base is a columnar structure with several planes arranged circumferentially. Each plane has a friction concave surface along its length, and several studs are vertically fixed to each plane. One side of the pressure plate has an elongated friction concave surface that mates with the friction element. The pressure plate passes through each stud, and the friction concave surface matches and clamps the friction element. A pressure adjusting structure A is installed on each stud. The pressure adjusting structure A includes a spring A connected in series with each stud and one end pressing against the pressure plate, and a pressure adjusting nut A threadedly engaged with the stud and pressing the spring A. The pressure adjusting structure B includes a spring B and a pressure adjusting nut B. The tail end of the friction element slides through a smooth cylindrical shaft surface and is engaged with the flange cylindrical hole of the friction base, extending out of the threaded shaft. A spring B is connected in series on the extended threaded shaft, and the pressure adjusting nut B is threadedly engaged with the threaded shaft and presses the spring B. Several seat plates are fixed on the end face of the friction element on the side connected to the steel cable. The guide rollers are installed on these seat plates, with one guide roller for each steel cable.
5. A solar heliostat with aerodynamic flow guidance and friction damping vibration reduction according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The friction substrate has a hollow internal structure with a feed port at only one end. The hollow structure stores a liquid energy-consuming medium, which may be water, silicone oil, mineral oil, glycerin aqueous solution, or antifreeze liquid ethylene glycol aqueous solution. The hollow structure is sealed by installing a plug in the feed port.
6. A solar heliostat with aerodynamic flow guidance and friction damping vibration reduction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The struts include strut B located at the center of the heliostat's reflecting surface and extending towards the focusing side, and two struts A fixed to the main beams on both sides of the pitch motion component and extending towards the non-focusing side; at least one friction damper is fixed to the end of each strut B and strut A; the steel cables include several steel cables C connecting each friction element in the friction damper installed on strut B to the main beam and the secondary beam, and several steel cables B connecting each friction element in the friction damper installed on strut A to the main beam and the secondary beam.
7. A solar heliostat with aerodynamic flow guidance and friction damping vibration reduction according to claim 6, characterized in that: Two friction dampers are connected in series at the end of the strut B. The friction elements of the outermost friction damper are connected to the outermost ends of the main beam and the secondary beam through steel cable C. The friction elements of the other friction damper are connected to the middle position of the main beam and the secondary beam through steel cable C.
8. A solar heliostat with aerodynamic flow guidance and friction damping vibration reduction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gap between each mirror unit after installation is less than 20 mm.
9. A solar heliostat with aerodynamic flow guidance and friction damping vibration reduction according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The friction concave surfaces on the friction base and the pressure plate are cylindrical concave surfaces with equal diameters. The height of the cylindrical concave surface is less than its radius, leaving a gap between the pressure plate and the friction base after the friction element is pressed. The friction element is cylindrical and frictionally engages with the friction concave surface. Alternatively, the friction concave surface is a rectangular groove, and the friction engagement section between the friction element and the rectangular groove is rectangular. The depth of the rectangular groove is less than half the height of the rectangular cross-section of the friction element, leaving a gap between the pressure plate and the friction base after the friction element is pressed. The friction element is made of GCr15 bearing steel and is integrally quenched to HRC 60 or higher. The friction base is made of copper-based powder metallurgy material.