Multi-stage energy consumption inerter magnetorheological fluid damping shock absorber

Abstract

The invention relates to a multistage energy consumption inerter magnetorheological fluid damping shock absorber, and belongs to the technical field of bridge shock absorption. Comprising a protective shell, a bidirectional ball screw, a first screw guide sleeve, an external power line, a magnetic flow liquid containing cylinder, a flywheel assembly and a current adjusting component. A mechanical current adjusting component is adopted, the relative vibration displacement of a bridge and a pier under different earthquake levels is converted into the electrifying length of a resistance rod in the current adjusting component, then the resistance value is changed in real time, the current and magnetic field intensity of a solenoid coil are changed, and displacement-current coupling control is achieved; when the flywheel assembly vibrates, the position of the inertia block is dynamically adjusted through centrifugal force, the rotational inertia is enhanced, and the low-frequency vibration control capacity is improved; meanwhile, the magnetorheological fluid rapidly adjusts the shear resistance under the action of a variable magnetic field, and high-frequency vibration energy is effectively dissipated; and through the synergistic effect of the two, the damper can keep efficient damping performance and is superior to a traditional damper with a single energy dissipation mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an electric vibration damper, and more particularly to a multi-stage energy-consuming inertial capacitive magnetorheological fluid damping vibration damper, belonging to the field of bridge vibration reduction technology. Background Technology

[0002] Earthquakes are one of the major natural disasters threatening bridge safety. Strong earthquakes can cause bridge structures to vibrate violently, even leading to collapse, resulting in traffic disruptions and significant economic losses. To improve the seismic performance of bridges, dampers are widely used as an effective vibration reduction device.

[0003] Currently used traditional vibration damping control devices mainly rely on deformation energy dissipation or heat energy conversion to consume energy, such as viscous dampers, friction dampers, and metal dampers. However, they have many limitations when facing complex impacts and vibrations. For example, under high loads or large variations in impact intensity, they cannot provide sufficient damping force to effectively control vibration. Furthermore, under severe vibration and impact, traditional vibration dampers have limited energy absorption and dispersion effects, and their response to impacts is sluggish, failing to stabilize quickly.

[0004] Although magnetorheological fluid damping technology achieves variable damping by adjusting the magnetic field, relying solely on the magnetorheological effect results in insufficient energy density. Existing combined devices often employ a simple series connection of mechanical inertial capacitance and magnetorheological fluid, which suffers from drawbacks such as insufficient two-stage energy coupling and slow dynamic adjustment response. Furthermore, magnetic field control often relies on direct adjustment by an external power source, lacking an adaptive current adjustment mechanism based on structural response, leading to high energy consumption and insufficient control precision, making it difficult to adjust the damping force according to different magnitudes of earthquakes.

[0005] CN118462766A discloses an electromagnetic inertial capacitance damper with an adaptive inertial capacitance coefficient, employing active electromagnetic inertial capacitance. It is suitable for scenarios requiring continuous inertial capacitance adjustment, particularly for high-end, displacement-sensitive buildings. CN113606280A relates to a self-resetting disc spring-mass wheel composite magnetorheological damper, primarily composed of a parallel combination of an energy-dissipating module and a self-resetting module. The movement of its connecting rod causes changes in the spacing of the permanent magnet rings, with the magnetic field strength proportional to the displacement. However, it cannot achieve graded adjustment or independent control, and the upper limit of the magnetic field strength is fixed, potentially resulting in insufficient damping force during large earthquakes. Furthermore, the damping adjustment methods differ. CN113606280A uses a single magnetorheological shear energy dissipation method, relying on the magnetic field to change viscosity and generate viscous damping force, which is insufficient in the low-frequency range. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention proposes a multi-stage energy-consuming inertial capacitive magnetorheological fluid damping shock absorber to solve the problems of low damping efficiency, single energy consumption, and low real-time or precision control.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0008] A multi-stage energy consumption inertial damper shock absorber, comprising a protective shell, a bidirectional ball screw, a first screw guide sleeve, an external power supply line, a magnetic flow liquid containing cylinder, a flywheel assembly and a current adjusting component;

[0009] The bidirectional ball screw is rotatably arranged on the protective shell; the first screw guide sleeve is arranged on both sides of the protective shell, and is threadedly sleeved on the bidirectional ball screw; the first screw guide sleeve is provided with a connecting support, and the two form a connecting assembly connected with the bridge main beam and the bridge pier, respectively; the magnetic flow liquid containing cylinder is arranged in the interior of the protective shell and is filled with magnetic fluid; the magnetic flow liquid containing cylinder is uniformly distributed with energized solenoid coils wound on the outer side in the axial direction, and a magnetic field can be formed when current is applied thereto; the external power supply line is used for supplying power to the energized solenoid coils; the flywheel assembly is fixedly sleeved on the bidirectional ball screw and rotates synchronously with the bidirectional ball screw; the flywheel assembly is arranged in the interior of the magnetic flow liquid containing cylinder and is used for shearing the magnetic fluid and dynamically changing the apparent viscosity of the magnetic fluid to adjust the system damping; the current adjusting component is used for adjusting the resistance value to adjust the current value, thereby adjusting the current value passing through the energized solenoid coils and changing the size of the magnetic field.

[0010] Further, the two connecting supports are fixedly connected with the bridge main beam and the bridge pier upward and downward, respectively, and the connecting supports are connected with the bridge main beam and the bridge pier by means including but not limited to bolt fixation.

[0011] Further, the protective shell is provided with a limiting block at each end, and the bidirectional ball screw is rotatably arranged on the limiting block.

[0012] Further, the magnetic flow liquid containing cylinder is provided with a terminal, and the terminal of the energized solenoid coil is connected with the terminal.

[0013] Further, the flywheel assembly comprises a flywheel body, a spring and an inertia block, a plurality of sliding grooves are radially distributed on the flywheel body, the inertia block is slidably arranged in the interior of the sliding groove, and the spring is arranged in the interior of the sliding groove and has two ends connected with the inner wall of the sliding groove and the side end of the inertia block, respectively.

[0014] Further, the current adjusting component comprises a second screw guide sleeve, a connecting plate, a sliding adjusting plate, a through groove, a resistance rod, a terminal plate, a connecting solenoid coil and a U-shaped conductive plate; the U-shaped conductive plate is arranged between the protective shell and the magnetic flow liquid containing cylinder, the U-shaped conductive plate is connected with the external power supply line, and the resistance rod is connected with the U-shaped conductive plate.

[0015] Further, each of the U-shaped conductive plates is provided with two groups of resistance rows, each of the resistance rows including at least three resistance rods arranged in parallel, the resistance rods being arranged in a step-down manner from top to bottom, and the two groups of resistance rows being mirror-symmetric about the center of the U-shaped conductive plate.

[0016] Further, the second screw guide sleeve is threadedly connected to the bidirectional ball screw, the sliding adjustment plate is slidingly arranged on the U-shaped conductive plate, the second screw guide sleeve and the sliding adjustment plate are connected through the connecting plate, the sliding adjustment plate is provided with through grooves corresponding to the positions and numbers of the resistance rods, and the through grooves are internally provided with elastic conductive sheets capable of being in conductive contact with the resistance rods.

[0017] Further, the top end of the sliding adjustment plate is provided with a wiring board, and the wiring board is connected with a connecting solenoid, and the other wiring end of the connecting solenoid is connected with a wiring terminal.

[0018] The working principle can be divided into four stages:

[0019] Stage one. Vibration energy input stage

[0020] The vibration displacement of the bridge girder and the bridge pier under the earthquake is transmitted to the first screw guide sleeve through the connecting support, to drive the bidirectional ball screw to rotate; the rotation speed of the bidirectional ball screw is proportional to the vibration intensity, to convert the linear vibration into rotational kinetic energy.

[0021] Stage two. Inerter energy dissipation stage

[0022] The flywheel assembly rotates synchronously with the bidirectional ball screw, and the structure design realizes dynamic inertia adjustment.

[0023] Stage three. Magneto-rheological damping stage

[0024] The bidirectional ball screw synchronously drives the current adjusting member, specifically including:

[0025] a. The displacement of the sliding adjustment plate changes the resistance value;

[0026] b. The current of the energized solenoid changes;

[0027] c. The change of the magnetic field strength causes the yield stress of the magneto-rheological fluid to be dynamically adjusted;

[0028] Stage four. Self-adaptive feedback stage

[0029] A closed-loop regulation is formed through displacement-current coupling, specifically:

[0030] Vibration enhancement → bidirectional ball screw acceleration → resistance reduction → current increase → magnetic field enhancement → damping force enhancement.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the application has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0032] 1. The application combines the inertial amplification effect of the inertial system and the intelligent damping adjustment of the magnetorheological fluid, forms a multi-stage energy dissipation mechanism, and enhances the rotational inertia and improves the low-frequency vibration control capability of the flywheel assembly through the dynamic adjustment of the inertia block position by the centrifugal force when the flywheel assembly vibrates; at the same time, the magnetorheological fluid quickly adjusts the shear resistance under the action of the variable magnetic field, effectively dissipates the high-frequency vibration energy; the two work together to make the damper maintain high-efficiency shock absorption performance, which is better than the damper with a single energy dissipation mode.

[0033] 2. The mechanical current adjusting component is adopted to change the resistance value in real time through the relative vibration displacement of the pier beam under the earthquake, and then adjust the solenoid current and the magnetic field strength; compared with the electronic control system, the mechanical adjustment mode has simple structure and high reliability, and does not need additional sensors or complex algorithms, thereby reducing the energy consumption and maintenance cost; at the same time, the yield stress of the magnetorheological fluid dynamically changes with the magnetic field, so that the damping force can quickly adapt to different vibration intensities, and the real-time performance and accuracy of the structure control are improved.

[0034] 3. The protective shell is made of corrosion-resistant and impact-resistant materials and is provided with a magnetic isolation layer to reduce environmental interference; the bidirectional ball screw is subjected to rust-proof treatment and is provided with a telescopic protective sleeve to prolong the service life; the segmented quick-release design and the transparent observation window facilitate the inspection of the internal components and the state of the magnetorheological fluid, and reduce the maintenance difficulty; in addition, the heat dissipation fins and the detachable end cover optimize the heat management and liquid replacement process, and ensure the stable operation of the damper under long-term harsh working conditions, and the damper is suitable for major engineering structures such as large-span bridges. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 is a front view of a multi-stage energy dissipation inertial magnetorheological fluid damper of the application installed on a bridge structure;

[0036] Figure 2 is a perspective structural schematic view of a multi-stage energy dissipation inertial magnetorheological fluid damper of the application;

[0037] Figure 3 is a sectional view of a multi-stage energy dissipation inertial magnetorheological fluid damper of the application;

[0038] Figure 4 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a protective shell of a multi-stage energy dissipation inertial magnetorheological fluid damper of the application;

[0039] Figure 5 is a schematic view of a flywheel assembly structure of a multi-stage energy dissipation inertial magnetorheological fluid damper of the application;

[0040] Figure 6 is Figure 3A part enlarged view in the figure;

[0041] Figure 7 is a current regulating component structure schematic diagram of a multi-stage energy dissipation inertial capacitor magnetorheological fluid damper of the present application;

[0042] Figure 8 is a finite element mesh division diagram of a multi-stage energy dissipation inertial capacitor magnetorheological fluid damper of the present application

[0043] Figure 9 is a cyclic reciprocating loading schedule diagram of a multi-stage energy dissipation inertial capacitor magnetorheological fluid damper of the present application;

[0044] Figure 10 is a skeleton curve diagram of a multi-stage energy dissipation inertial capacitor magnetorheological fluid damper of the present application;

[0045] Figure 11 is a hysteresis curve diagram of a multi-stage energy dissipation inertial capacitor magnetorheological fluid damper of the present application;

[0046] Figure 12 is a multi-stage energy dissipation relationship diagram of a multi-stage energy dissipation inertial capacitor magnetorheological fluid damper of the present application;

[0047] Figure 13 is an input seismic wave curve diagram when a multi-stage energy dissipation inertial capacitor magnetorheological fluid damper of the present application is installed in a bridge structure for finite element simulation;

[0048] Figure 14 is a comparison diagram of a pier bottom shear time history curve obtained after a multi-stage energy dissipation inertial capacitor magnetorheological fluid damper of the present application is installed for finite element simulation and a time history curve without installation of the present application;

[0049] Figure 15 is a comparison diagram of a support displacement time history curve obtained after a multi-stage energy dissipation inertial capacitor magnetorheological fluid damper of the present application is installed for finite element simulation and a time history curve without installation of the present application.

[0050] Figure 16 is a working principle diagram of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The present application will be further described in detail below in combination with the accompanying Figures 1-16 and specific implementation, so as to facilitate clear understanding of the present application, but they do not constitute limitation to the present application.

[0052] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0053] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connecting", "connecting" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0054] As shown in the accompanying Figures 1-7 The multi-stage energy consumption inertial capacitor magnetorheological fluid damper of the embodiment includes a protective shell 1, a bidirectional ball screw 2, a first screw guide sleeve 3, an external power supply line 4, a magnetorheological fluid containing cylinder 5, a flywheel assembly 6 and a current adjusting member 7.

[0055] In the embodiment, the bidirectional ball screw 2 is rotationally arranged on the protective shell 1; the first screw guide sleeve 3 is arranged on both sides of the protective shell 1, and the first screw guide sleeve 3 is threadedly sleeved on the bidirectional ball screw 2; the first screw guide sleeve 3 is provided with a connecting support 301, and the two form a connecting assembly connected with the bridge girder 100 and the bridge pier 200 respectively; the magnetorheological fluid containing cylinder 5 is arranged inside the protective shell 1 and filled with magnetic fluid; the magnetorheological fluid containing cylinder 5 is uniformly distributed in the axial direction and has a power winding coil 501 wound outside; when current is applied to the power winding coil 501, a magnetic field can be formed; the external power supply line 4 is used to supply power to the power winding coil 501; the flywheel assembly 6 is fixedly sleeved on the bidirectional ball screw 2 and rotates synchronously with it; the flywheel assembly 6 is arranged inside the magnetorheological fluid containing cylinder 5 and is used to shear the magnetic fluid to dynamically change the apparent viscosity and adjust the system damping; the current adjusting member 7 is used to adjust the resistance value to adjust the current value, thereby adjusting the current value through the power winding coil 501 and changing the magnetic field size.

[0056] Specifically, the surface of the bidirectional ball screw 2 is treated against rust to increase its durability. To increase protection and reduce the intrusion of impurities, a telescopic protective sleeve is arranged on the surface of the bidirectional ball screw 2 between the protective shell 1 and the first screw guide sleeve 3. The protective shell 1 is made of a material with strong corrosion resistance and impact resistance, and has a magnetic isolation layer inside to reduce external magnetic field interference. In addition, heat dissipation fins can be welded or connected to the surface of the protective shell 1 to accelerate the dissipation of heat generated by the shear of the magnetorheological fluid and the working of the power coil 501. To prevent the protective shell 1 from rotating, it can be connected to one of the bridge girder or the bridge pier through a support. The magnetorheological fluid container 5 is made of a material with corrosion resistance and high pressure resistance, and is filled with magnetorheological fluid. The protective shell 1 can be designed in a segmented quick-release manner for easy inspection of the internal components of the device. Transparent observation windows can be arranged on the surface of the protective shell 1 to facilitate visual inspection of the magnetorheological fluid and the operation status of the flywheel assembly 6, reducing unnecessary disassembly. The magnetorheological fluid container 5 is provided with a detachable end cover, and is equipped with a liquid injection and drainage valve. The bidirectional ball screw 2 is rotatably arranged in the protective shell 1 through a ball bearing. The first screw guide sleeve 3 and the second screw guide sleeve 701 are threadedly connected to the bidirectional ball screw 2. The balls on the first screw guide sleeve 3 and the second screw guide sleeve 701 can reduce the friction with the bidirectional ball screw 2 and prevent it from being stuck.

[0057] As shown in Figure 2 , two connection supports 301 are fixedly connected to the bridge girder 100 and the bridge pier 200 upward and downward respectively. The connection supports 301 are connected to the bridge girder 100 and the bridge pier 200 by means of bolts, but not limited thereto. In this embodiment, through holes are formed in the connection supports 301 to facilitate the connection of the connection supports 301 to the bridge girder 100 and the bridge pier 200 by means of bolts.

[0058] As shown in Figure 4 , the protective shell 1 is provided with limit blocks 101 at both ends. The bidirectional ball screw 2 is rotatably arranged in the limit blocks 101. In this embodiment, the limit blocks 101 are fixed to the two ends of the protective shell 1 by means of bolts, which facilitates disassembly and replacement. The limit blocks 101 are directly spaced apart from the connection supports 301 to allow normal displacement of the beam body. When the displacement exceeds the limit, the structure is rigidly blocked to prevent instability.

[0059] As shown in Figure 3 , 5As shown, the flywheel assembly 6 comprises a flywheel body 601, a spring 603 and an inertia block 604, the flywheel body 601 is radially distributed with a plurality of sliding grooves 602, the inertia block 604 is slidingly arranged inside the sliding groove 602, and the spring 603 is arranged inside the sliding groove 602, and the two ends of the spring 603 are connected with the inner wall of the sliding groove 602 and the side end of the inertia block 604, respectively. In this embodiment, the flywheel assembly 6 rotates, and the inertia block 604 moves outward under the action of centrifugal force, thereby increasing the moment of inertia, and the spring 603 arranged in the sliding groove 602 provides elastic pre-tightening force to the inertia block 604, so that it can dynamically adjust its radial position according to the rotating speed.

[0060] As shown in Figures 3-4 , 6-7, the current adjusting member 7 comprises a second screw guide sleeve 701, a connecting plate 702, a sliding adjusting plate 703, a through slot 7031, a resistance rod 704, a wiring plate 705, a connecting solenoid 706 and a U-shaped conductive plate 707; as shown in Figure 4 , the U-shaped conductive plate 707 is arranged between the protective shell 1 and the magnetic current liquid containing cylinder 5, the U-shaped conductive plate 707 is connected with the external power supply line 4, and the resistance rod 704 is connected with the U-shaped conductive plate 707. In this embodiment, the U-shaped conductive plate 707 is connected with the positive input external power supply line 4, and after the current passes through the U-shaped conductive plate 707, it is transmitted to the sliding adjusting plate 703 through the resistance rod 704, and then transmitted to the energizing solenoid 501 through the connecting solenoid 706, and then connected with the negative input external power supply line 4 through the symmetrically arranged circuit.

[0061] As shown in Figures 6-7 , two groups of resistance rows are arranged on each U-shaped conductive plate 707, each group of resistance rows comprises at least three parallel resistance rods 704, the resistance rods 704 are arranged in a stepped decreasing manner from top to bottom, and the two resistance rows are mirror-symmetric about the center of the U-shaped conductive plate 707. The second screw guide sleeve 701 is threadedly sleeved on the bidirectional ball screw 2, the sliding adjusting plate 703 is slidingly arranged on the U-shaped conductive plate 707, the second screw guide sleeve 701 and the sliding adjusting plate 703 are connected through the connecting plate 702, the sliding adjusting plate 703 is provided with through slots 7031 corresponding in position and number to the resistance rods 704, and the through slots 7031 are provided with elastic conductive sheets inside, which can realize conductive contact with the resistance rods 704. The top end of the sliding adjusting plate 703 is provided with a wiring plate 705, the wiring plate 705 is connected with a connecting solenoid 706, and the other wiring end of the connecting solenoid 706 is connected with the wiring terminal 502.

[0062] In this embodiment, when the bridge is in a static state, the sliding adjustment plate 703 is located in the middle position of the two groups of resistance arrays, at this time the resistance value is maximum and the current value is minimum, when the relative movement occurs between the main beam and the bridge pier, the bidirectional ball screw 2 rotates, and then the second screw guide sleeve 701 is driven to displace, so as to realize the adjustment of the resistance value, no matter which direction the relative movement is, the resistance value will gradually decrease with the movement length.

[0063] As shown in Figure 1 The magnetic current liquid containing cylinder 5 is provided with a wiring terminal 502, and the wiring terminal of the energized solenoid 501 is connected with the wiring terminal 502. In this embodiment, the connecting plate 702 is made of insulating material to avoid interfering with the current flow. The connecting solenoid 706 and the energized solenoid 501 are connected through the wiring terminal 502, and one end of the connecting solenoid 706 is fixed. Since it is spirally arranged, when the wiring plate 705 slides, it can be self-adaptively stretched and contracted.

[0064] Embodiment 2

[0065] As shown in Figure 16 The damper adopts a multi-stage energy dissipation mechanism of mechanical inertia + magnetic rheological liquid + intelligent adjustment, and its working principle can be divided into four stages:

[0066] Its working principle can be divided into four stages:

[0067] Stage one. Vibration energy input stage

[0068] The vibration displacement of the bridge main beam 100 and the bridge pier 200 under the earthquake is transmitted to the first screw guide sleeve 3 through the connecting support 301, driving the bidirectional ball screw 2 to rotate; the rotation speed of the bidirectional ball screw 2 is proportional to the vibration intensity, and the linear vibration is converted into rotational kinetic energy;

[0069] Stage two. Inertial energy dissipation stage

[0070] The flywheel assembly 6 rotates synchronously with the bidirectional ball screw 2, and its structure design realizes dynamic inertia adjustment:

[0071] Stage three. Magnetic rheological damping stage

[0072] The bidirectional ball screw 2 rotates synchronously to drive the current adjustment member 7, which specifically includes:

[0073] a. The displacement of the sliding adjustment plate 703 changes the resistance value;

[0074] b. The current of the energized solenoid 501 changes;

[0075] c. The change of the magnetic field strength makes the yield stress of the magnetic rheological liquid dynamically adjust;

[0076] Stage four. Adaptive feedback stage

[0077] The closed-loop regulation is formed by displacement-current coupling, specifically:

[0078] Vibration enhancement → bidirectional ball screw 2 acceleration → resistance reduction → current increase → magnetic field enhancement → damping force enhancement.

[0079] Example 3

[0080] The following is the formula for calculating the damping force:

[0081] 1. Resistance and magnetic field strength calculation

[0082] Resistance value formula:

[0083]

[0084] ρ—resistivity of resistance

[0085] L—length of resistance

[0086] A—area of resistance

[0087] Current formula

[0088]

[0089] Magnetic field strength formula:

[0090]

[0091] Yield stress formula

[0092] τ=0.07·H 2 (1-4)

[0093] 2. Inertial damping force calculation

[0094]

[0095] Inertial force:

[0096]

[0097] J0—rotational inertia of the wheel body.

[0098] N—number of inertia blocks.

[0099] M—mass of the inertia block.

[0100] r0—initial radial position of the inertia block

[0101] Δr—radial displacement increment of the inertia block due to vibration

[0102] ü—peak vibration acceleration

[0103] 3. Magneto-rheological fluid damping force

[0104] The magneto-rheological fluid damping force is composed of coulomb damping force and viscous damping force, which together dissipate vibration energy.

[0105] Wherein the coulomb damping force

[0106]

[0107] τ—shear yield stress, τ = 0.08 · H 2

[0108] H—magnetic field strength

[0109] b—flywheel thickness

[0110] Viscous damping force (kinetic viscosity contribution):

[0111]

[0112] ω—flywheel angular velocity

[0113] b—flywheel thickness

[0114] μ—initial dynamic viscosity of magneto-rheological fluid

[0115] h—liquid layer gap.

[0116] 4. Total damping force

[0117] F total = F J + F τ + F μ (1-9)

[0118] A multi-stage energy dissipation inertial magneto-rheological fluid damper simulated by finite element simulation is shown in Figure 8 , which is cyclically loaded, and the loading regime is shown in Figure 9 , the skeleton curve of the damper is shown in Figure 10 , and the hysteresis curve of the damper is shown in Figure 11 . The cumulative energy dissipation curve is shown in Figure 12 .

[0119] To obtain the damping effect of a multi-stage energy dissipation inertial magneto-rheological fluid damper, the finite element simulation software is used to simulate the case without the damper and the case with the damper installed under the action of earthquake on the bridge, considering the friction effect, the input seismic wave is shown in Figure 13 , the time history curve comparison diagram of pier bottom shear force is shown in Figure 14 , and the time history curve comparison diagram of support displacement is shown in Figure 15As shown, it can be known that the pier bottom shear shock absorption rate after the damper is installed is 60.5%, and the support displacement shock absorption rate is 64.6%. It should be noted that in the specific implementation, the resistance, the coil characteristics, the magnetorheological fluid characteristics, the mass block size and the like can be adjusted according to the intensity of the region where the bridge is located and the form of the bridge.

[0120] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present application, and do not limit the structure of the present application in any form. The arrangement type and the use quantity of the present application are not limited to the examples, and can be optimized and selected according to the engineering practice. Any modification, equivalent change and decoration of the above embodiments made according to the technical principle of the present application without departing from the technical scheme of the present application are still within the scope of the technical scheme of the present application.

Claims

1. A multi-stage energy-dissipating inertial capacitive magnetorheological fluid damping shock absorber, characterized in that: It includes a protective shell (1), a bidirectional ball screw (2), a first screw guide sleeve (3), an external power supply cable (4), a magnetofluid container (5), a flywheel assembly (6), and a current regulating component (7). The bidirectional ball screw (2) is rotatably mounted on the protective housing (1); the first screw guide sleeve (3) is mounted on both sides of the protective housing (1), and the first screw guide sleeve (3) is threaded onto the bidirectional ball screw (2); a connecting support (301) is provided on the first screw guide sleeve (3), and the two are combined to form a connecting assembly that is connected to the main beam (100) of the bridge and the bridge pier (200) respectively; the magnetic fluid container (5) is located inside the protective housing (1), and is filled with magnetic fluid; energized solenoid coils are evenly distributed along the axial direction of the magnetic fluid container (5) and wound around its outer side. (501), when current is applied to it, a magnetic field can be formed; the external power line (4) is used to supply power to the energized solenoid (501); the flywheel assembly (6) is fixedly sleeved on the bidirectional ball screw (2) and rotates synchronously with it; the flywheel assembly (6) is set inside the magnetic fluid container (5) and is used to shear the magnetic fluid and dynamically change its apparent viscosity, thereby adjusting the system damping; the current regulating component (7) is used to adjust the resistance value to realize the adjustment of the current value, thereby adjusting the current value through the energized solenoid (501) and thus changing the magnitude of the magnetic field.

2. The multi-stage energy-dissipating inertial capacitive magnetorheological fluid damping shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two connecting supports (301) are fixedly connected to the main beam (100) and the bridge pier (200) respectively, upward and downward. The connecting supports (301) are connected to the main beam (100) and the bridge pier (200) by means including but not limited to bolt fixing.

3. The multi-stage energy-dissipating inertial capacitive magnetorheological fluid damping shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective shell (1) is provided with limit blocks (101) at both ends, and the bidirectional ball screw (2) is rotatably mounted on the limit blocks (101).

4. The multi-stage energy-dissipating inertial capacitive magnetorheological fluid damping shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetofluid container (5) is provided with a terminal block (502), and the terminal block of the energized solenoid (501) is connected to the terminal block (502).

5. A multi-stage energy-dissipating inertial capacitive magnetorheological fluid damping shock absorber according to claim 4, characterized in that: The flywheel assembly (6) includes a flywheel body (601), a spring (603), and an inertial block (604). The flywheel body (601) has a plurality of radially distributed grooves (602). The inertial block (604) is slidably disposed inside the groove (602). The spring (603) is disposed inside the groove (602), and its two ends are respectively connected to the inner wall of the groove (602) and the side end of the inertial block (604).

6. The multi-stage energy-dissipating inertial capacitive magnetorheological fluid damping shock absorber according to claim 5, characterized in that: The current regulating component (7) includes a second lead screw guide sleeve (701), a connecting plate (702), a sliding adjusting plate (703), a through groove (7031), a resistance rod (704), a terminal block (705), a connecting solenoid coil (706), and a U-shaped conductive plate (707); the U-shaped conductive plate (707) is disposed between the protective shell (1) and the magnetic fluid container (5), the U-shaped conductive plate (707) is connected to the external power supply line (4), and the resistance rod (704) is connected to the U-shaped conductive plate (707).

7. A multi-stage energy-dissipating inertial capacitive magnetorheological fluid damping shock absorber according to claim 6, characterized in that: Each of the U-shaped conductive plates (707) is provided with two sets of resistor rows. Each set of resistor rows includes at least three parallel resistor bars (704). The length of the resistor bars (704) decreases in a stepped manner from top to bottom. The two sets of resistor rows are mirror-symmetrical about the center of the U-shaped conductive plate (707).

8. A multi-stage energy-dissipating inertial capacitive magnetorheological fluid damping shock absorber according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second lead screw guide sleeve (701) is threaded onto the bidirectional ball screw (2). The sliding adjustment plate (703) is slidably disposed on the U-shaped conductive plate (707). The second lead screw guide sleeve (701) and the sliding adjustment plate (703) are connected by a connecting plate (702). The sliding adjustment plate (703) has through slots (7031) corresponding to the position and number of the resistance rods (704). The through slots (7031) are provided with elastic conductive sheets inside, which can make conductive contact with the resistance rods (704).

9. A multi-stage energy-dissipating inertial capacitive magnetorheological fluid damping shock absorber according to claim 8, characterized in that: The top of the sliding adjustment plate (703) is provided with a terminal block (705), and a connecting coil (706) is connected to the terminal block (705). The other terminal of the connecting coil (706) is connected to the terminal block (502).

10. A multi-stage energy-dissipating inertial capacitive magnetorheological fluid damping shock absorber according to claim 9, characterized in that: Its working principle can be divided into four stages: Phase 1. Vibrational Energy Input Phase The vibration displacement generated by the main beam (100) and the pier (200) under the earthquake is transmitted to the first screw guide sleeve (3) through the connecting support (301), which drives the bidirectional ball screw (2) to rotate; the rotation speed of the bidirectional ball screw (2) is proportional to the vibration intensity, and converts the linear vibration into rotational kinetic energy; Phase Two. Inertial Capacity Energy Consumption Phase The flywheel assembly (6) rotates synchronously with the bidirectional ball screw (2), and its structural design enables dynamic inertia adjustment: Phase 3. Magnetorheological Damping Phase The bidirectional ball screw (2) has a rotational synchronous drive current regulating component (7), specifically including: a. The displacement of the sliding adjustment plate (703) changes the value of the connected resistance; b. The current in the energized solenoid (501) changes accordingly; c. Changes in magnetic field strength cause the yield stress of the magnetorheological fluid to dynamically adjust; Phase Four. Adaptive Feedback Phase Closed-loop regulation is formed through displacement-current coupling, specifically as follows: Vibration enhancement → bidirectional ball screw (2) acceleration → resistance reduction → current increase → magnetic field enhancement → damping force enhancement.

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