A GIS surge arrester

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of lightning arrester, particularly relates to a GIS lightning arrester, which comprises a tank body, a basin type insulator, a mounting base, a core body assembly and an explosion-proof assembly, the tank body is in a cylindrical hollow structure, the basin type insulator is fixedly installed on the upper end of the tank body, the mounting base is fixedly installed on the bottom of the basin type insulator, the core body assembly is arranged in the tank body, the upper and lower ends of the core body assembly are respectively installed on the inner side surfaces of the basin type insulator and the mounting base, and the explosion-proof assembly is fixedly installed on the lower end of the right side of the tank body; in the present application, the distributed optical fiber temperature measurement network is constructed by setting the grating monitoring points on each insulating sheet, the accurate temperature of each zinc oxide resistor sheet can be monitored in real time and on line, and the explosion-proof assembly is actively controllable, the controllable opening of the pressure relief process is realized by triggering the electromagnetic unit to drive the pressure relief unit to act through the air pressure monitoring head, and the high-temperature and high-pressure airflow is ensured to be always released along the preset directional channel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of surge arrester technology, and in particular to a GIS surge arrester. Background Technology

[0002] Surge arresters, especially those used in gas-insulated switchgear (GIS), are core components in modern power systems that protect critical electrical equipment from lightning and switching overvoltages. Utilizing the nonlinear volt-ampere characteristics of zinc oxide varistors, they exhibit a high-resistivity state during normal system operation, allowing only microampere-level leakage current to flow. When a hazardous overvoltage occurs, they rapidly transition to a low-resistivity state, dissipating enormous energy and clamping the voltage to a safe level.

[0003] In the existing technology, CN206758196U discloses a GIS surge arrester. Through a density measuring device, the gas pressure of the insulating gas inside the tank can be monitored effectively and continuously. By filling and releasing the insulating gas, the gas pressure inside the tank can be adjusted at any time to ensure that the gas pressure inside the tank is always at its optimal state. This ensures that the GIS surge arrester always has optimal performance, effectively improving its service life and safety performance. The use of three-phase cores encapsulated in a single tank effectively reduces space occupation and facilitates installation. Furthermore, the cores employ a single-column structure composed of zinc oxide varistors connected in series, further reducing space occupation and making the surge arrester more compact. In addition, the added lifting lugs facilitate the lifting and installation of the surge arrester.

[0004] The existing technology described in the aforementioned patent has the following drawbacks in use: First, it cannot detect the most critical internal state parameters of the surge arrester in real time, such as the precise operating temperature of each resistor element and whether the internal structure is damp. It also cannot provide early and accurate warnings about the aging and deterioration of the resistor elements and the potential risk of thermal collapse, failing to meet the needs of smart grids for condition-based maintenance and predictive maintenance. Second, existing surge arresters often use disposable rupture discs. When an internal fault generates high-temperature, high-pressure gas, although the rupture disc can activate to release pressure, the high-temperature arc products and metal particles released during the release process are often sprayed in all directions with extremely high energy, easily causing severe burns or other malfunctions to nearby insulators, disconnectors, and other equipment. Furthermore, the released gas and metal particles pollute the environment. Simultaneously, the disposable rupture disc becomes completely ineffective after activation, requiring the entire surge arrester and even the connected GIS gas chamber to be replaced with a power outage, increasing maintenance costs and downtime. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems existing in the background art, the present invention proposes a GIS surge arrester.

[0006] The GIS surge arrester provided in this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A GIS surge arrester includes: a tank, a basin-type insulator, a mounting base, a core assembly, and an explosion-proof assembly. The tank has a cylindrical hollow structure. A basin-type insulator is fixedly installed at the upper end of the tank. Mounting holes are evenly distributed at the upper end of the basin-type insulator. A mounting base is fixedly installed at the bottom of the tank. A core assembly is disposed inside the tank. The upper and lower ends of the core assembly are respectively installed on the inner sides of the basin-type insulator and the mounting base. An explosion-proof assembly is fixedly installed at the lower right end of the tank.

[0008] The tank is equipped with a pressure monitoring head at the front end, which can drive the explosion-proof components to open and close to release pressure.

[0009] An inflation valve is provided on the tank body, through which insulating gas is filled into the tank body.

[0010] Furthermore, the core assembly includes a core, a monitoring unit, a pressure equalization cover, a spring contact, and a conductive rod. Three sets of cores are evenly arranged inside the tank. The lower end of the core is fixedly installed on the mounting base. The monitoring unit is installed in the gap between the three sets of cores. The pressure equalization cover is installed on the outer side of the upper end of the core. Conductive rods are evenly installed on the lower end of the inner side of the basin insulator. The lower end of the conductive rod is installed with a spring contact. The lower end of the spring contact is tightly connected to the upper end of the core.

[0011] Furthermore, the core includes two electrodes, a plurality of insulating sheets are evenly arranged between the two electrodes, and a resistor is installed between adjacent insulating sheets. The resistor is made of zinc oxide, and an insulating rod is wound around the outside of the electrodes, insulating sheets and resistor.

[0012] Furthermore, the inner diameter of the electrode is the same as the diameter of the insulating sheet and the resistor sheet. Grating monitoring points are evenly arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the insulating sheet, and fiber optic adapter brackets are evenly arranged on one side of the insulating rod. The fiber optic adapter brackets are electrically connected to the grating monitoring points on the insulating sheet.

[0013] Furthermore, the monitoring unit includes a monitoring bracket, a sealing ring, a plug-in terminal, and a drying rack. The monitoring bracket is installed in the gap between the cores. The outer side of the monitoring bracket is provided with multiple arc-shaped surfaces that fit with the cores. A sealing ring is installed on the arc-shaped surface. Plug-in terminals are evenly installed on the arc-shaped surface from top to bottom. Each plug-in terminal corresponds to a fiber optic adapter bracket. A hollow groove is opened inside the monitoring bracket. A drying rack is installed inside the hollow groove. The drying rack is filled with desiccant. A grid groove communicating with the hollow groove is evenly opened on the monitoring bracket.

[0014] Furthermore, the explosion-proof component includes a fixed sleeve, an energy-absorbing unit, a pressure-relieving unit, and an electromagnetic unit. A fixed sleeve is installed at the lower right end of the tank body, an energy-absorbing unit is installed inside the fixed sleeve, a pressure-relieving unit is installed on the right side of the fixed sleeve, and an electromagnetic unit is installed on the outside of the fixed sleeve. The electromagnetic unit is connected to the pressure-relieving unit.

[0015] Furthermore, the energy-absorbing unit includes a guide sleeve, an annular sleeve, and an energy-absorbing plate. The guide sleeve is installed on the left side inside the fixed sleeve, and a tapered through hole is opened inside the guide sleeve. The annular sleeve is installed on the right side inside the fixed sleeve, and multiple sets of energy-absorbing plates are evenly arranged inside the annular sleeve.

[0016] Furthermore, the energy-absorbing plate is one or more of the following: sintered metal fiber mesh, porous ceramic, or alloy energy-dissipating grid.

[0017] Furthermore, the pressure relief unit includes a connecting rod and a pressure relief sealing plate. The fixed sleeve has through holes evenly distributed, and the connecting rod is slidably disposed in the through holes. The left side of the connecting rod is connected to the electromagnetic unit, and the pressure relief sealing plate is fixedly installed between the right sides of the connecting rod. The pressure relief sealing plate has an arc-shaped protrusion in the middle of its inner side, and an annular protrusion is installed on the outer side of its inner side. The annular protrusion has an inclined arc-shaped cross-section, and guide grooves are evenly distributed on the annular protrusion. An annular groove is distributed on the outer circumference of the pressure relief sealing plate, and a sealing ring is installed on the annular groove.

[0018] Furthermore, the electromagnetic unit includes a mounting frame, electromagnetic push rods, and an annular plate. The mounting frame is installed on the outside of the fixed sleeve, and electromagnetic push rods are evenly installed on the mounting frame. An annular plate is installed between the ends of the electromagnetic push rods, and the annular plate is connected to the left side of the connecting rod.

[0019] Beneficial effects

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a GIS surge arrester with the following advantages:

[0021] 1. In this invention, by setting grating monitoring points on each insulating sheet, a distributed optical fiber temperature measurement network is constructed, which can monitor the precise temperature of each zinc oxide resistor sheet in real time and online. This breaks through the limitation of traditional methods that can only measure the overall leakage current. It can accurately locate which resistor sheet is aging or overheating, and achieve early and accurate warning of the most dangerous failure mode (thermal collapse).

[0022] 2. In this invention, an active and controllable explosion-proof component is adopted. The pressure monitoring head triggers the electromagnetic unit to drive the pressure relief unit to achieve the controllable opening of the pressure relief process. This ensures that the high-temperature and high-pressure airflow is always released along the preset directional channel and guided to a safe area, avoiding damage to the equipment from hot airflow and molten metal slag splashes, and preventing the occurrence of "secondary accidents".

[0023] 3. In this invention, by designing an energy-absorbing unit in the pressure relief path, the internal guide sleeve and the energy-absorbing plate made of metal fiber sintered mesh or porous ceramic can effectively expand and reduce the speed of high-speed airflow, cool it down and capture solid particles. The temperature, speed and content of harmful substances in the finally discharged airflow are greatly reduced, thus achieving clean pressure relief.

[0024] 4. In this invention, by setting arc-shaped protrusions and annular protrusions on the pressure relief sealing plate, the high-temperature and high-pressure airflow is guided by the arc-shaped and annular protrusions and sprayed out at a backward tilt. The high-temperature and high-pressure airflow will not affect the sealing ring, avoiding the problem of irreversible damage to the sealing performance and sealing surface of the sealing ring. Thus, the function of recovery after pressure relief can be realized. At the same time, the pressure relief sealing plate can be reset by electromagnetic drive and re-sealed in combination with the sealing ring, realizing the recoverable function of the pressure relief channel. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of this application.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of this application.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional structural diagram of the basin-type insulator and the core assembly of this application.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the core of this application.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the relationship between the insulating sheet and the grating monitoring point in this application.

[0031] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the monitoring unit in this application.

[0032] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional structural diagram of the explosion-proof component of this application.

[0033] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the fixed sleeve, energy absorption unit and pressure relief unit in this application.

[0034] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the pressure relief sealing plate of this application.

[0035] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Tank body; 11. Pressure monitoring head; 12. Inflation valve; 2. Basin-type insulator; 21. Mounting hole; 3. Mounting base; 4. Core assembly; 41. Core; 411. Connecting electrode; 412. Insulating sheet; 413. Resistance element; 414. Insulating rod; 415. Grating monitoring point; 416. Fiber optic adapter bracket; 42. Monitoring unit; 421. Monitoring bracket; 422. Sealing ring; 423. Plug-in terminal; 424. Dry 43. Drying frame; 44. Equalizing cover; 45. Spring contact; 56. Conductive rod; 57. Explosion-proof component; 58. Fixing sleeve; 59. Energy absorption unit; 50. Guide sleeve; 51. Annular sleeve; 52. Energy absorption plate; 53. Pressure relief unit; 54. Connecting rod; 55. Pressure relief sealing plate; 56. Arc-shaped protrusion; 57. Annular protrusion; 58. Sealing ring; 59. Electromagnetic unit; 50. Mounting bracket; 51. Electromagnetic push rod; 52. Annular plate. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Please see Figure 1-9 The present invention provides a GIS surge arrester comprising: a tank body 1, a basin-type insulator 2, a mounting base 3, a core assembly 4, and an explosion-proof assembly 5. The tank body 1 has a cylindrical hollow structure. The basin-type insulator 2 is fixedly installed at the upper end of the tank body 1. The basin-type insulator 2 has uniformly spaced mounting holes 21 at its upper end. The mounting base 3 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the tank body 1. The core assembly 4 is disposed inside the tank body 1. The upper and lower ends of the core assembly 4 are respectively installed at the connection positions inside the basin-type insulator 2 and the mounting base 3. The explosion-proof assembly 5 is fixedly installed at the lower right end of the tank body 1.

[0038] In the above technical solution, the basin insulator 2 is not only a mechanical seal, but also essentially a high-voltage conductor and connecting flange. The flange on the basin insulator 2 is directly connected to the busbar of the GIS or the housing of adjacent equipment (such as disconnecting switches and circuit breakers) by bolts. The basin insulator 2 is directly connected to the high-voltage side of the power grid. The mounting base 3 is connected to the grounding grid of the substation through a grounding copper busbar or grounding wire. The upper end of the core assembly 4 is connected to the basin insulator 2 through a conductor (bearing high voltage), and the lower end of the core assembly 4 is connected to the grounded mounting base 3. The core assembly 4 is actually connected in parallel between the GIS busbar (high voltage) and the ground.

[0039] Under normal operating conditions, the power grid applies a normal power frequency phase voltage. Under this voltage, the core component 4 exhibits extremely high resistance (equivalent to an insulator), allowing only microampere-level leakage current (mainly capacitive current) to pass through. When a lightning surge intrudes or an operational overvoltage occurs in the system, the bus voltage rises sharply and instantaneously. When the voltage applied to the core component 4 exceeds its operating start voltage (protection level), its resistance value drops sharply and instantaneously (nonlinear characteristic), changing from a high-resistance state to a low-resistance state. The surge current (such as lightning current) is discharged to the ground through itself, while simultaneously clamping the bus voltage to a safe level that the equipment can withstand, thereby protecting the insulation of GIS equipment (such as transformers and circuit breakers) from breakdown.

[0040] See Figure 1 As shown, a pressure monitoring head 11 is installed at the front end of the tank body 1. The pressure monitoring head 11 can drive the explosion-proof component 5 to open and close to release pressure.

[0041] In extreme cases (such as moisture intrusion due to seal failure or abnormal power frequency overvoltage exceeding the surge arrester's capacity), the internal resistor element of core assembly 4 may deteriorate. When a huge amount of energy passes through the resistor element, it is damaged, generating an electric arc and high temperature, causing the internal SF6 gas or other materials to decompose and the pressure to rise sharply. The pressure monitoring head 11 can monitor the pressure and drive the explosion-proof assembly 5 to open, forming a preset, directional pressure relief channel. High-pressure, high-temperature gas and arc products are quickly and controllably released to the designated external direction through this directional channel. This ensures that the hot gas and metal particles will not be sprayed towards other live equipment or inspection channels, avoiding secondary accidents. The pressure is safely released, preventing the internal pressure from accumulating and ultimately causing a violent explosion of the tank 1 itself.

[0042] See Figure 1 As shown, the tank 1 is provided with an inflation valve 12, and insulating gas is filled into the tank 1 through the inflation valve. The insulating gas is usually SF6 gas.

[0043] See Figures 3-6 As shown, in this preferred embodiment, the core assembly 4 includes a core 41, a monitoring unit 42, a pressure equalization cover 43, a spring contact 44, and a conductive rod 45. Three sets of cores 41 are evenly arranged inside the tank 1. The lower end of the core 41 is fixedly installed on the mounting base 3. The monitoring unit 42 is installed in the gap between the three sets of cores 41. The pressure equalization cover 43 is installed on the outer side of the upper end of the core 41. The conductive rod 45 is evenly installed on the lower end of the inner side of the basin insulator 2. The spring contact 44 is installed on the lower end of the conductive rod 45. The lower end of the spring contact 44 is tightly connected to the upper end of the core 41.

[0044] In the above technical solution, the three sets of cores 41 form a three-phase structure. The three sets are installed in parallel to achieve independent protection of the three phases. The equalizing cover 43 is used to optimize the potential distribution and electric field strength, making them uniform and smooth, avoiding serious uneven potential distribution between resistors and excessive local field strength, so that the voltage borne by the resistors tends to be uniform and the field strength of each part of the core is within the specified range, ensuring the reliability of the long-term operation of the equipment. The conductive rod 45 is fixedly installed on the basin insulator 2 and directly connected to the GIS busbar. It is the high-voltage electricity entry point. The spring contact 44 is a contact finger or contact structure with a spring, installed at the end of the conductive rod 45. The spring pressure on the spring contact 44 ensures that the contact maintains good contact with the top electrode of the lower core 41. The monitoring unit 42 can accurately determine whether the resistor is damp or deteriorated, and upload the health status of the equipment to the substation monitoring system through wired or wireless means to realize condition-based maintenance and fault early warning.

[0045] See Figures 3-4 As shown, in this preferred embodiment, the core 41 includes two electrodes 411, a plurality of insulating sheets 412 are evenly arranged between the two electrodes 411, and a resistor sheet 413 is installed between adjacent insulating sheets 412. The resistor sheet 413 is made of zinc oxide. An insulating rod 414 is wound around the outside of the electrodes 411, the insulating sheets 412 and the resistor sheet 413.

[0046] In the above technical solution, the connecting electrode 411 and the grounding terminal are responsible for introducing the external high voltage (upper end) and ground (lower end) into the module, so that the first and last resistor pieces 413 form an electrical connection. The resistor piece 413 provides nonlinear volt-ampere characteristics to achieve current leakage and clamping. The insulating sheet 412 plays a role in mechanical support and electrical isolation. Its diameter is the same as that of the resistor piece 413, which ensures that the overall structure after stacking is flat and stable. The insulating rod 414 is made of epoxy resin impregnated glass fiber tape pultruded, which binds all the fragmented components inside into a solid integral columnar cage structure, which is resistant to vibration and impact and prevents loosening during transportation and operation.

[0047] See Figures 4-5 As shown, in this preferred embodiment, the insulating sheet 412 and the resistive sheet 413 on the inner side of the connecting electrode 411 have the same diameter. The upper and lower surfaces of the insulating sheet 412 are evenly arranged with grating monitoring points 415. The insulating rod 414 is evenly arranged with an optical fiber adapter bracket 416 on one side. The optical fiber adapter bracket 416 is electrically connected to the grating monitoring points 415 on the insulating sheet 412.

[0048] In the above technical solution, multiple grating monitoring points 415 on each insulating sheet 412 are led out through an optical fiber and connected to the monitoring unit 42 through an optical fiber adapter bracket 416. The grating monitoring points 415 can realize distributed temperature measurement and see the temperature on both sides of each resistor sheet 413 in real time, rather than the overall average temperature. If a resistor sheet 413 ages, its temperature will be abnormally higher than that of other sheets. The system can accurately locate which resistor sheet 413 has a problem. Before thermal collapse occurs, it can issue an early warning through the abnormal temperature rise trend, arrange planned maintenance, avoid catastrophic accidents, and assess the temperature field concentration caused by uneven potential distribution or uneven heat dissipation of the entire surge arrester.

[0049] See Figure 6 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, the monitoring unit 42 includes a monitoring bracket 421, a sealing ring 422, a plug-in end 423, and a drying rack 424. The monitoring bracket 421 is installed in the gap between the cores 41. The outer side of the monitoring bracket 421 is provided with multiple arc-shaped surfaces that fit with the cores 41. The sealing ring 422 is installed on the arc-shaped surfaces. The plug-in end 423 is evenly installed on the arc-shaped surfaces from top to bottom. The plug-in end 423 corresponds one-to-one with the optical fiber adapter bracket 416. A hollow groove is opened inside the monitoring bracket 421. The drying rack 424 is installed inside the hollow groove. The drying rack 424 is filled with desiccant. A grid groove communicating with the hollow groove is evenly opened on the monitoring bracket 421.

[0050] In the above technical solution, the sealing ring 422 can fit against the outer wall of the core 41, and the plug end 423 is in a sealed state with the fiber optic adapter bracket 416. Through the connection between the plug end 423 and the fiber optic adapter bracket 416, the grating monitoring point 415 can monitor each resistor 413 and transmit the monitored temperature to the outside in real time. The drying rack 424 can dry the inside of the tank 1 to prevent moisture from entering and causing the internal gas insulation to drop or the resistor 413 to deteriorate.

[0051] See Figures 7-9 As shown, as a preferred technical solution in this embodiment, the explosion-proof component 5 includes a fixed sleeve 51, an energy-absorbing unit 52, a pressure-relieving unit 53, and an electromagnetic unit 54. The fixed sleeve 51 is installed at the lower right end of the tank body 1. The energy-absorbing unit 52 is installed inside the fixed sleeve 51. The pressure-relieving unit 53 is installed on the right side of the fixed sleeve 51. The electromagnetic unit 54 is installed on the outside of the fixed sleeve 51. The electromagnetic unit 54 is connected to the pressure-relieving unit 53.

[0052] In the above technical solution, when the resistor 413 deteriorates, a huge amount of energy passes through the resistor 413, generating an electric arc and high temperature, causing the internal SF6 gas or other materials to decompose and the pressure to rise sharply. At this time, the electromagnetic unit 54 drives the pressure relief unit 53 to move outward, forming a preset, directional pressure relief channel. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas and electric arc products are discharged outward from the pressure relief channel. The energy absorption unit 52 first absorbs and consumes the energy generated by the fault, reducing the destructiveness of the venting gas flow. At the same time, it can capture solid particles. Finally, the temperature, velocity and metal particle content of the discharged gas flow are reduced, reducing the risk of secondary damage to adjacent equipment (such as other disconnecting switches and post insulators) caused by the hot and scorching gas flow and molten metal slag spray, protecting the substation site environment and reducing the workload of subsequent cleaning and maintenance.

[0053] When the internal pressure of tank 1 is restored, the electromagnetic unit 54 drives the pressure relief unit 53 to reset, so that the inside of tank 1 is sealed again.

[0054] See Figures 7-8 As shown, as a preferred technical solution of this embodiment, the energy absorption unit 52 includes a guide sleeve 521, an annular sleeve 522 and an energy absorption plate 523. The guide sleeve 521 is installed on the left side inside the fixed sleeve 51, and a tapered through hole is opened inside the guide sleeve 521. The annular sleeve 522 is installed on the right side inside the fixed sleeve 51, and multiple sets of energy absorption plates 523 are evenly arranged inside the annular sleeve 522.

[0055] See Figures 7-8 As shown, as a preferred technical solution in this embodiment, the energy-absorbing plate 523 is one or more of metal fiber sintered mesh, porous ceramic or alloy energy dissipation grid.

[0056] In the above technical solution, the diameter of the tapered through hole inside the guide sleeve 521 gradually decreases along the airflow direction. When the airflow enters the middle of the guide sleeve 521 through the tapered through hole, the airflow volume expands, and the speed and pressure decrease for the first time. Subsequently, the airflow is forced to pass through the interior of the energy-absorbing plate 523. The energy-absorbing plate 523, made of metal fiber sintered mesh, porous ceramic or alloy energy-dissipating grid, has a huge surface area and can efficiently capture solid particles and consume airflow kinetic energy, thus achieving a second reduction in airflow.

[0057] See Figures 7-9As shown, in this preferred embodiment, the pressure relief unit 53 includes a connecting rod 531 and a pressure relief sealing plate 532. The fixed sleeve 51 has through holes evenly distributed, and the connecting rod 531 is slidably disposed in the through holes. The left side of the connecting rod 531 is connected to the electromagnetic unit 54, and the pressure relief sealing plate 532 is fixedly installed between the right sides of the connecting rod 531. An arc-shaped protrusion 533 is provided in the middle of the inner side of the pressure relief sealing plate 532, and an annular protrusion 534 is installed on the outer side of the inner side of the pressure relief sealing plate 532. The annular protrusion 534 has an inclined arc-shaped cross-section, and a guide groove is evenly distributed on the annular protrusion 534. An annular groove is provided on the outer circumference of the pressure relief sealing plate 532, and a sealing ring 535 is installed on the annular groove.

[0058] In the above technical solution, when high-pressure gas is generated inside the tank 1, the electromagnetic unit 54 can drive the pressure relief sealing plate 532 to move outward through the connecting rod 531, thereby forming a preset, directional pressure relief channel. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas flow is discharged outward through the pressure relief channel. The inner surface of the pressure relief sealing plate 532 is made of high-temperature resistant material. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas flow is first dispersed to the surrounding area by the arc-shaped protrusion 533, and then sprayed out at an angle by the annular protrusion 534. The guide groove can further increase the gas flow rate. Then, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas flow is guided by the annular protrusion 534 and sprayed out at an angle. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas flow will not affect the sealing ring 535, avoiding the problem of irreversible damage to the sealing performance and sealing surface of the sealing ring 535, thereby realizing the function of recovery after pressure relief.

[0059] See Figure 7 As shown, as a preferred technical solution of this embodiment, the electromagnetic unit 54 includes a mounting frame 541, an electromagnetic push rod 542, and an annular plate 543. The mounting frame 541 is installed on the outside of the fixed sleeve 51. The electromagnetic push rods 542 are evenly installed on the mounting frame 541. The annular plate 543 is installed between the ends of the electromagnetic push rods 542. The annular plate 543 is connected to the left side of the connecting rod 531.

[0060] In the above technical solution, the electromagnetic push rod 542 is an electromagnetic actuator. The electromagnetic push rod 542 can drive the pressure relief sealing plate 532 to adjust its movement through the annular plate 543, thereby realizing the function of active pressure relief under abnormal conditions.

[0061] Based on the above structure, the GIS surge arrester provided by the present invention operates according to the following steps:

[0062] S1: Normal Insulation Monitoring and Condition Sensing

[0063] During normal grid operation, the three-phase power frequency voltage is conducted to the basin insulator 2 through the GIS busbar, and then applied to the three sets of cores 41 via the conductive rod 45 and spring contact 44. At this time, the zinc oxide resistance element 413 exhibits extremely high resistance, allowing only a microampere-level leakage current to flow into the grounded mounting base 3. Simultaneously, the monitoring unit 42 senses the precise temperature of each resistance element 413 in real time through a distributed optical fiber temperature measurement network composed of grating monitoring points 415. All status data is uploaded to the monitoring system to achieve online assessment and early warning of the arrester's health status. The desiccant in the drying rack 424 continuously adsorbs trace amounts of moisture, maintaining a dry environment inside the tank.

[0064] S2: Overvoltage action and energy release

[0065] When the system encounters a lightning strike or operational overvoltage, the three-phase bus voltage rises sharply. Once the voltage of any one or more phases exceeds the starting voltage of the resistor 413, its resistance value drops sharply, changing from a high-resistance state to a low-resistance state. The huge surge current is quickly discharged to ground through the corresponding core 41, clamping the bus voltage at a safe level (residual voltage), thereby protecting the insulation of subsequent GIS equipment (such as circuit breakers and transformers). During this process, the equalizing cover 43 ensures that the electric field at the top of the core is uniform, avoiding partial discharge. After the surge ends, the resistor automatically returns to the high-resistance state.

[0066] S3: Fault Early Warning and Intelligent Diagnosis

[0067] If the monitoring unit 42 detects that the resistive current of a certain phase continues to increase or the temperature of a certain resistor 413 is abnormally high (accurately located by the grating monitoring point 415), it indicates that the resistor may have aged or deteriorated due to moisture. The system will immediately issue a graded warning (such as "Caution" or "Abnormal") to prompt maintenance personnel to carry out planned maintenance, thereby intervening before thermal collapse occurs and preventing the equipment from evolving from a fault into an accident.

[0068] S4: Internal fault active safety pressure relief

[0069] In extreme cases (such as severe moisture causing thermal collapse of the resistor), a continuous and huge power frequency current will generate an electric arc, causing the internal SF6 gas to decompose and the gas pressure and temperature inside the tank to rise sharply. After the pressure monitoring head 11 detects the pressure abnormality in real time, it triggers the electromagnetic unit 54, and the electromagnetic push rod 542 moves, pushing the pressure relief sealing plate 532 outward through the connecting rod 531 to form a preset directional pressure relief channel.

[0070] S5: Energy absorption and controlled release recovery

[0071] High-temperature and high-pressure gas and arc products first expand and slow down through the conical hole of the guide sleeve 521, and then penetrate the energy-absorbing plate 523 made of metal fiber sintered mesh or porous ceramic. Its huge surface area efficiently cools the airflow, captures solid particles, and consumes kinetic energy. Finally, the airflow is guided by the arc-shaped protrusion 533 and the annular protrusion 534 on the inner side of the pressure relief seal plate 532 to form an inclined and clean jet, which is directed into the safe area, greatly reducing secondary hazards. After the fault is cleared and the internal pressure returns to normal, the electromagnetic unit 54 can drive the pressure relief seal plate 532 to reset and reseal it through the sealing ring 535.

[0072] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A GIS surge arrester, characterized in that, include: The tank (1), basin insulator (2), mounting base (3), core assembly (4) and explosion-proof assembly (5) are provided. The tank (1) has a cylindrical hollow structure. The basin insulator (2) is fixedly installed at the upper end of the tank (1). The basin insulator (2) has evenly distributed mounting holes (21) at the upper end. The mounting base (3) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the tank (1). The core assembly (4) is provided inside the tank (1). The upper and lower ends of the core assembly (4) are respectively installed on the inner side of the basin insulator (2) and the mounting base (3). The explosion-proof assembly (5) is fixedly installed at the lower right side of the tank (1). The tank (1) is equipped with a pressure monitoring head (11) at the front end. The pressure monitoring head (11) can drive the explosion-proof component (5) to open and close to release pressure. An inflation valve (12) is provided on the tank (1), and insulating gas is filled into the tank (1) through the inflation valve; The core assembly (4) includes a core (41), a monitoring unit (42), a pressure equalization cover (43), a spring contact (44), and a conductive rod (45). Three sets of cores (41) are evenly arranged inside the tank (1). The lower end of the core (41) is fixedly installed on the mounting base (3). The monitoring unit (42) is installed in the gap between the three sets of cores (41). The pressure equalization cover (43) is installed on the outer side of the upper end of the core (41). The conductive rod (45) is installed at the lower end of the inner center conductor of the basin insulator (2). The spring contact (44) is installed at the lower end of the conductive rod (45). The lower end of the spring contact (44) is tightly connected to the upper end of the core (41). The core (41) includes two electrodes (411), a plurality of insulating sheets (412) are evenly arranged between the two electrodes (411), and a resistor (413) is installed between adjacent insulating sheets (412). The resistor (413) is made of zinc oxide. An insulating rod (414) is wound around the outside of the electrodes (411), the insulating sheets (412) and the resistor (413). The inner diameter of the electrode (411) is the same as the diameter of the insulating sheet (412) and the resistor (413). The upper and lower surfaces of the insulating sheet (412) are evenly arranged with grating monitoring points (415). The insulating rod (414) is evenly arranged with fiber optic adapter bracket (416) on one side. The fiber optic adapter bracket (416) is electrically connected to the grating monitoring points (415) on the insulating sheet (412). The monitoring unit (42) includes a monitoring bracket (421), a sealing ring (422), a plug-in end (423), and a drying rack (424). The monitoring bracket (421) is installed in the gap between the cores (41). The monitoring bracket (421) has multiple arc-shaped surfaces that fit with the cores (41) on its outer side. The sealing ring (422) is installed on the arc-shaped surface. The plug-in end (423) is evenly installed on the arc-shaped surface from top to bottom. The plug-in end (423) corresponds one-to-one with the fiber optic adapter bracket (416). The monitoring bracket (421) has a hollow groove inside. The drying rack (424) is installed inside the hollow groove. The drying rack (424) is filled with desiccant. The monitoring bracket (421) has grid grooves that communicate with the hollow groove evenly.

2. A GIS surge arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The explosion-proof component (5) includes a fixed sleeve (51), an energy-absorbing unit (52), a pressure-relieving unit (53), and an electromagnetic unit (54). The fixed sleeve (51) is installed at the lower right side of the tank body (1). The energy-absorbing unit (52) is installed inside the fixed sleeve (51). The pressure-relieving unit (53) is installed on the right side of the fixed sleeve (51). The electromagnetic unit (54) is installed on the outside of the fixed sleeve (51). The electromagnetic unit (54) is connected to the pressure-relieving unit (53).

3. A GIS surge arrester according to claim 2, characterized in that: The energy-absorbing unit (52) includes a guide sleeve (521), an annular sleeve (522), and an energy-absorbing plate (523). The guide sleeve (521) is installed on the left side inside the fixed sleeve (51), and a tapered through hole is opened inside the guide sleeve (521). The annular sleeve (522) is installed on the right side inside the fixed sleeve (51), and multiple sets of energy-absorbing plates (523) are evenly arranged inside the annular sleeve (522).

4. A GIS surge arrester according to claim 3, characterized in that: The energy-absorbing plate (523) is one or more of the following: sintered metal fiber mesh, porous ceramic or alloy energy-dissipating grid.

5. A GIS surge arrester according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pressure relief unit (53) includes a connecting rod (531) and a pressure relief sealing plate (532). The fixed sleeve (51) has through holes evenly distributed. The connecting rod (531) is slidably disposed in the through holes. The left side of the connecting rod (531) is connected to the electromagnetic unit (54). The pressure relief sealing plate (532) is fixedly installed between the right sides of the connecting rod (531). An arc-shaped protrusion (533) is provided in the middle of the inner side of the pressure relief sealing plate (532). An annular protrusion (534) is installed on the outer side of the inner side of the pressure relief sealing plate (532). The cross section of the annular protrusion (534) is an inclined arc structure. A guide groove is evenly distributed on the annular protrusion (534). An annular groove is distributed on the outer circumference of the pressure relief sealing plate (532). A sealing ring (535) is installed on the annular groove.

6. A GIS surge arrester according to claim 5, characterized in that: The electromagnetic unit (54) includes a mounting frame (541), an electromagnetic push rod (542), and an annular plate (543). The mounting frame (541) is installed on the outside of the fixed sleeve (51). The electromagnetic push rods (542) are evenly installed on the mounting frame (541). The annular plate (543) is installed between the ends of the electromagnetic push rods (542). The annular plate (543) is connected to the left side of the connecting rod (531).

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