Biological fermentation organic base fertilizer taking complete soybeans as raw material and preparation method of biological fermentation organic base fertilizer

Abstract

The invention provides a biological fermentation organic base fertilizer taking complete soybeans as a raw material and a preparation method of the biological fermentation organic base fertilizer, and relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers. 5-10 parts of calcium powder or rice hull powder; 0.1-0.2 part of a microbial fermentation agent, wherein the microbial fermentation agent is prepared from bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes, bacillus mucilaginosus and trichoderma viride; the functional additive is prepared from ground phosphate rock and calcium lignosulphonate according to the mass ratio of (1.5 to 2.5): 1. The problem of insufficient nutrient conversion of a traditional soybean organic fertilizer is effectively solved through a complete soybean and complex microbial inoculant synergistic fermentation technology, the bacillus subtilis in the complex microbial inoculant decomposes soybean protein into free amino acid, the bacillus mucilaginosus releases available phosphorus, the trichoderma viride decomposes cellulose, and the four types of bacteria cooperate with each other, so that the nutrient conversion efficiency is improved. The nutrient content and the conversion efficiency of the organic base fertilizer are effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of organic fertilizer technology, specifically to a bio-fermented organic base fertilizer made from whole soybeans and a method for preparing the bio-fermented organic base fertilizer made from whole soybeans. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of organic fertilizer technology, soybean-based organic fertilizers, rich in nutrients such as protein and carbohydrates, have become an important nitrogen source in agricultural production. However, existing soybean organic fertilizer preparation technologies fall short of meeting the demands for efficient, safe, and long-lasting fertilization.

[0003] On the one hand, traditional processes often employ single-agent fermentation or simply crush soybeans and then compost them, resulting in insufficient decomposition of soybean cell wall structures. This leads to problems such as inefficient conversion of protein into free amino acids, low release of available phosphorus, low total nitrogen content in the finished product, and insufficient available phosphorus content. Furthermore, the fermentation process is prone to the growth of miscellaneous bacteria due to carbon-nitrogen imbalance, producing harmful organic acids such as propionic acid, which poses a risk of inhibiting crop root growth. On the other hand, existing products lack effective nutrient control mechanisms. The readily available nutrients produced during soybean fermentation are easily lost with rainwater or irrigation water, leading to a reduced fertilizer effectiveness period and making crops prone to excessive growth in the seedling stage and nutrient deficiency in the later stages. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this invention provides a bio-fermented organic base fertilizer made from whole soybeans and its preparation method.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0006] A bio-fermented organic fertilizer made from whole soybeans is produced from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0007] Soybeans 90-95 parts;

[0008] 5-10 parts calcium powder or rice husk powder;

[0009] 0.1-0.2 parts of microbial fermentation agent, which includes: Bacillus subtilis, yeast, Bacillus mucilaginosus and Trichoderma viride;

[0010] The functional additive is 0.4-0.8 parts, which is composed of phosphate rock powder and calcium lignosulfonate in a mass ratio of 1.5-2.5:1.

[0011] Furthermore, the mass percentage of each component in the microbial fermentation agent is as follows:

[0012] Bacillus subtilis 40-50%,

[0013] Yeast content 40-50%,

[0014] Bacillus mucilaginosus 8-12%,

[0015] Trichoderma viride 2-8%.

[0016] Furthermore, the soybeans are full-fat soybeans or defatted soybeans with a moisture content of 55-60% after absorbing water.

[0017] A method for preparing a bio-fermented organic base fertilizer using whole soybeans as raw material includes the following steps:

[0018] S1: Soak soybeans until the water content is 55-60%, then drain the surface water;

[0019] S2: Mix Bacillus subtilis and yeast with calcium powder or rice husk powder, add warm water at 30-40℃ and stir until it becomes a moist flocculent, let stand for 30 minutes to prepare the activated bacterial agent mixture;

[0020] S3: Mix the soybeans from step S1 with the activator mixture from step S2 and load them into a fermentation tank, controlling the moisture content of the material to 45-50%;

[0021] S4: On day 5 of fermentation, the cellulase activity and available phosphorus content of the material were tested;

[0022] S5: When cellulase activity is <15U / g, add 0.005-0.01 parts / 100 parts of soybean Trichoderma viride; when available phosphorus is <80mg / kg, add 0.01-0.03 parts / 100 parts of soybean Bacillus mucilaginosus.

[0023] S6: On days 8-12 of fermentation, the concentrations of propionic acid and free amino acids in the fermentation material were detected by GC-MS.

[0024] S7: Calculate the concentration ratio R based on the detection results of S6. When R≥7.5, add 0.3-0.5 parts / 100 parts of soybean phosphate rock powder and 0.1-0.3 parts / 100 parts of soybean lignin sulfonate to the fermentation material simultaneously.

[0025] S8: Turn the pile twice a day at 35-40℃ and react for 24-48 hours to form a microporous membrane;

[0026] S9: Fermentation is terminated when the ratio of the absorbance of the material at 1650nm to 1950nm in the near-infrared spectrum is stable at 1.8±0.1, and organic base fertilizer is prepared.

[0027] Furthermore, the cellulase activity and available phosphorus content in S4 were detected by an online enzyme activity detector and a fast-acting phosphorus detector, respectively, with data collected every 12 hours.

[0028] Furthermore, the calcium content of the phosphate rock powder in S7 is ≥30%, and the particle size is ≤100 mesh.

[0029] Furthermore, during the turning process in S8, the fermentation condensate is sprayed simultaneously to control the moisture content at 45-50%.

[0030] Furthermore, in S9, fermentation termination needs to be determined by three consecutive tests at 2-hour intervals, with absorbance ratios all within the range of 1.8±0.1.

[0031] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0032] (1) This invention effectively solves the problem of insufficient nutrient conversion in traditional soybean organic fertilizer by using whole soybean and compound microbial agent co-fermentation technology. In the compound microbial agent, Bacillus subtilis decomposes soybean protein into free amino acids, Bacillus mucilaginosus releases effective phosphorus, and Trichoderma viride decomposes cellulose. The four types of bacteria work together to effectively improve the nutrient content and conversion efficiency of organic base fertilizer.

[0033] (2) The present invention constructs a nutrient controlled release system through microporous coating process. Calcium lignin sulfonate forms 5-10μm micropores at 35-40℃, locks in nutrients and releases them slowly, avoids nutrient loss, and achieves nutrient slow release and field fertilizer efficiency improvement. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the preparation process of a bio-fermented organic base fertilizer made from whole soybeans, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] An embodiment of the present invention provides a bio-fermented organic base fertilizer made from whole soybeans, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts soybeans; 10 parts calcium powder or rice husk powder; and 0.1 parts microbial fermentation agent, which includes Bacillus subtilis, yeast, Bacillus mucilaginosus, and Trichoderma viride.

[0038] 0.4 parts of functional additives, which are composed of phosphate rock powder and calcium lignosulfonate in a mass ratio of 1.5:1.

[0039] The mass percentages of each component in the microbial fermentation agent are as follows: Bacillus subtilis 40%, yeast 40%, Bacillus mucilaginosus 12%, and Trichoderma viride 8%.

[0040] In this invention, the soybeans are full-fat soybeans or defatted soybeans with a water content of 55-60% after absorbing water, and the soybeans are whole soybeans. The cell wall structure of whole soybeans can be gradually decomposed during fermentation, avoiding the premature release of too many nutrients and resulting loss. At the same time, whole soybeans contain about 35%-40% protein, 15%-20% fat, about 30% carbohydrates and other nutrients, which can provide sufficient nitrogen, carbon and energy sources for microbial fermentation, and are the main source of core nutrients such as nitrogen and potassium in organic base fertilizer.

[0041] Calcium powder or rice husk powder is used as an auxiliary material. Agricultural-grade calcium powder with a calcium carbonate content of ≥90% is preferred. Besides supplementing the carbon source, it provides calcium to the soil and regulates the pH of the fermentation system, maintaining it within a neutral range of 6.5-7.5, suitable for microbial growth. Rice husk powder with a particle size ≤2mm after crushing is selected. Its main components are cellulose and hemicellulose, which can supplement the carbon source required for fermentation and solve the problem of carbon-nitrogen imbalance caused by excessive nitrogen content in soybeans. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of soybeans is approximately 15:1. Adding rice husk powder can adjust the overall carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1-30:1, which meets the optimal carbon-nitrogen ratio range for microbial fermentation. At the same time, the loose structure of rice husk powder increases the permeability of the material, preventing anaerobic putrefaction during fermentation.

[0042] The microbial fermentation agent selected is a compound agent of Bacillus subtilis, yeast, Bacillus mucilaginosus, and Trichoderma viride. Bacillus subtilis produces protease to decompose soybean protein into small molecule peptides / amino acids, yeast produces organic acids (such as lactic acid and acetic acid) to regulate the fermentation environment, Bacillus mucilaginosus decomposes phosphate rock powder to release available phosphorus, and Trichoderma viride produces cellulase to decompose cellulose in soybean cell walls and rice husk powder. The four types of bacteria have clear division of labor and promote each other, avoiding the defects of low fermentation efficiency and single function of single agents.

[0043] Agricultural-grade phosphate rock powder with a phosphorus pentoxide content of ≥15% is selected. As a phosphorus source supplement, phosphate rock powder can solve the problem of insufficient phosphorus nutrients in base fertilizer caused by the low phosphorus content of soybeans themselves.

[0044] Industrial-grade sodium / calcium lignin sulfonate is selected for lignin sulfonate, which has both dispersing and film-forming properties. On the one hand, it can disperse phosphate rock powder, prevent its agglomeration, and improve the release efficiency of phosphorus; on the other hand, it can form a microporous membrane in the later stage of fermentation, lock in nutrients, achieve slow release, and prolong the fertilizer effect.

[0045] A method for preparing a bio-fermented organic base fertilizer using whole soybeans as raw material includes the following steps:

[0046] S1: Soak soybeans until the water content is 55%, then drain the surface water.

[0047] When soybeans are dry, their cell walls are tightly packed, making it difficult for microorganisms to penetrate and decompose the proteins, fats, and other nutrients inside. Furthermore, the low moisture content fails to provide the necessary moisture environment for the metabolism of Bacillus subtilis, yeast, and other microorganisms. Therefore, this invention utilizes soaking to allow soybeans to absorb water and swell, disrupting the tight cell wall structure and providing action sites for proteases and cellulases secreted by microorganisms, thus accelerating nutrient decomposition. Simultaneously, the soaking process removes floating moldy soybeans, empty shells, and impurities, preventing toxins (such as aflatoxin) carried by moldy soybeans from contaminating the fermentation system and ensuring the safety of the final fertilizer.

[0048] When soaking, add 90 portions of the selected soybeans to a container, then add water to cover the soybeans by 10-15cm to ensure they are completely submerged and to prevent some soybeans from being exposed to air and oxidizing. The water temperature should be set at 20-25℃, and the soaking time should be 18-20 hours. The soaking time can be adjusted by taking samples at regular intervals to test the moisture content. For example, every 6 hours, randomly select 10 soybeans and test their moisture content with a halogen moisture meter. When the average moisture content of the 10 soybeans reaches 55%±0.5%, stop soaking to avoid over-soaking which could cause the skin to crack.

[0049] After soaking, the surface of soybeans will have free water attached. By draining the surface water, the unbound free water is removed, while the bound water inside the soybeans is retained.

[0050] S2: Mix Bacillus subtilis and yeast with calcium powder or rice husk powder, add warm water at 30-40℃ and stir until a moist flocculent state is formed. Let stand for 30 minutes to prepare the activated bacterial agent mixture. The warm water should be sterile distilled water or filtered tap water, avoiding impurities such as chlorine and heavy metals to prevent inhibition of live bacteria activity. The moist flocculent state is characterized by clumps when squeezed in the hand, without dripping water between the fingers, and easily dispersing upon light touch. In this state, the moisture completely coats the bacterial agent and carrier particles, meeting the water requirements for spore germination without causing clumping due to excessive moisture. During standing, the live bacteria can multiply evenly on the carrier surface, allowing for rapid dispersion when subsequently mixed with soybeans.

[0051] It should be understood that Bacillus subtilis and yeast in microbial fermentation agents have extremely low metabolic activity when stored in a dry state. If directly mixed with soybeans, they require 3-5 days to gradually awaken, leading to stagnation of nutrient decomposition in the early stages of fermentation and easy proliferation of miscellaneous bacteria. Therefore, step S2 provides a suitable temperature by using 30-40℃ warm water, combined with the adsorption effect of calcium powder / rice husk powder as a carrier, to promote the germination of Bacillus subtilis spores and the resumption of metabolism of dormant yeast cells, thus shortening the fermentation start-up cycle.

[0052] The loose structure of calcium powder / rice husk powder can adsorb activated live bacteria, preventing them from dying due to sudden changes in osmotic pressure when they come into direct contact with soybeans. At the same time, it provides an initial carbon source for the live bacteria (rice husk powder contains cellulose) to maintain their short-term metabolic needs.

[0053] In addition, during the activation process, the yeast will secrete a small amount of organic acids, such as lactic acid, in advance, which together with calcium powder / rice husk powder will adjust the pH of the bacterial agent mixture to 6.5-7.0, so as to avoid excessive pH fluctuations after mixing with soybeans. The pH of the soybeans after soaking is about 7.5-8.0.

[0054] Specifically, during mixing, the first step is to pour calcium powder or rice husk powder into a stainless steel mixing tank, set the mixing speed to 50-80 rpm, and then slowly add Bacillus subtilis and yeast, stirring at low speed for 5 minutes to ensure that the bacterial agent is evenly attached to the surface of the calcium powder or rice husk powder, avoiding excessively high concentrations of bacterial agent in some areas.

[0055] The second step is to add warm water to adjust the consistency: slowly pour warm water into the mixing tank while stirring to avoid water concentration. Stir for 10 minutes, stopping every 2 minutes to observe the consistency. If it is dry powder, add more warm water; if it is muddy rice husk powder, continue stirring until it forms a moist, flocculent mass that can be formed into a ball when squeezed in your hand without dripping water between your fingers.

[0056] The third step is to pour the mixed materials into a sterile plastic basin, cover it with breathable gauze to prevent other bacteria from falling in, and place it in a constant temperature environment, such as a constant temperature incubator or a temporary storage tank with an insulation layer, and let it stand for 30 minutes without turning it over to ensure that the live bacteria can fully germinate.

[0057] After the settling period, the activation effect needs to be verified by detecting the number of viable bacteria and observing their condition. Specifically,

[0058] During observation, the material should remain moist and flocculent, odorless, and free of mold spots. A sour smell indicates excessive yeast metabolism, requiring a shorter subsequent settling time. Viable cell count is determined using the plate count method. Take 10g of the activating agent mixture and serially dilute it with sterile physiological saline to [a specific concentration]. Take 0.1 mL of the solution and spread it onto LB medium (Bacillus subtilis) or YPD medium (yeast). Incubate at 37°C for 24 hours, then count the number of viable cells. The number of viable cells must meet the requirement of Bacillus subtilis ≥ 1. CFU / g, yeast count ≥ Only after the CFU / g level is met can the product enter S3.

[0059] S3: Mix the soybeans from step S1 with the activator mixture from step S2 and load them into a fermentation tank, controlling the moisture content of the material to 45-50%.

[0060] This step involves mixing and attaching the activated live bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and yeast) to the surface and internal crevices of soybeans to prevent localized low concentrations of the inoculant from causing fermentation dead zones, such as areas where soybeans are clustered without live bacteria, leading to mold growth.

[0061] Soybeans are the main component of the fermentation system. Their moisture content is higher than the target moisture content. Therefore, they need to be mixed with a mixture of microbial agents with low moisture content and then adjusted to 45-50% to meet the moisture requirements for microbial growth.

[0062] During the mixing process, the calcium powder or rice husk powder in the bacterial agent mixture can fill the gaps between soybean particles, preventing the soybeans from clumping together tightly after absorbing water and swelling, ensuring air circulation in the fermenter, and providing sufficient oxygen for aerobic microorganisms, such as Bacillus subtilis.

[0063] Specifically, during mixing, the soybeans are divided into three batches. One batch of soybeans is added to the mixer each time, along with 1 / 3 of the activator mixture. The mixture is stirred at low speed (30 rpm) for 5 minutes to avoid damaging the integrity of the soybeans. After each batch is mixed, three samples (e.g., 10g each) are randomly selected from the upper, middle, and lower sections of the mixer. The viable bacteria count is tested using the plate count method. If the difference in viable bacteria count between the three samples is ≤10%, the mixing is considered uniform. If the difference is >10%, the stirring time needs to be extended to 8 minutes, or the mixer blade angle needs to be adjusted to increase the lateral stirring force.

[0064] In a specific embodiment of the invention, the fermenter is made of stainless steel and equipped with a stirring and venting valve. After loading, a 30% space is reserved. During the early fermentation stage (1-3 days), microbial metabolism produces a large amount of carbon dioxide; this space prevents the tank from bursting due to gas expansion. Simultaneously, during subsequent turning, the material will expand in volume due to increased bulkiness; the reserved space prevents material overflow. A one-way venting valve is installed at the top of the fermenter, allowing only gas to escape and preventing the entry of external bacteria. Temperature sensors are installed on the side walls to monitor the material temperature in real time, within a range of 20-40℃. Ventilation holes are provided at the bottom to allow the introduction of sterile air, enhancing the aerobic environment.

[0065] The method for controlling the moisture content of materials is as follows:

[0066] Based on the moisture content of S1 and S2, the initial moisture content after mixing can be estimated in advance using the following formula:

[0067]

[0068] In the formula, This represents the initial moisture content of the mixed materials. The mass fraction of soybeans after S1 pretreatment; The moisture content of soybeans after S1 pretreatment; This refers to the total mass fraction of the bacterial agent mixture after S2 activation; The moisture content of the bacterial agent mixture after S2 activation.

[0069] If the initial moisture content is >50%, pour the mixed material into the fermentation tank, open the bottom ventilation hole (introduce 25℃ sterile air at a wind speed of 0.3m / s, and check the moisture content every 30 minutes until it drops to the target range); if the initial moisture content is <45%, spray 30-35℃ sterile warm water evenly onto the surface of the material with a sprayer, stir for 2 minutes until the moisture content rises to the target range, and avoid direct watering which may cause excessive local moisture.

[0070] S4: On day 5 of fermentation, the cellulase activity and available phosphorus content of the material were measured. The cellulase activity and available phosphorus content were measured using an online enzyme activity analyzer and a fast-acting phosphorus analyzer, respectively, with data collected every 12 hours.

[0071] Cellulase is a key enzyme in the decomposition of soybean cell wall cellulose by Bacillus subtilis (the main enzyme-producing bacterium) and Trichoderma viride (an auxiliary enzyme-producing bacterium). Its activity directly reflects the ability of microorganisms to utilize carbon sources. The higher the enzyme activity, the faster the cellulose decomposition, which can provide energy for subsequent nitrogen and phosphorus conversion.

[0072] Available phosphorus (water-soluble phosphorus + citrate-soluble phosphorus) is the core nutrient indicator of bio-organic fertilizer. Its content reflects the phosphorus-solubilizing ability of Bacillus subtilis, which converts insoluble phosphorus in soybeans into available phosphorus.

[0073] S5: When cellulase activity is <15U / g, add 0.005 parts of Trichoderma viride; when available phosphorus is <80mg / kg, add 0.01 parts of Bacillus mucilaginosus.

[0074] Trichoderma viride is a high-yield cellulase strain. The cellulase (including endonuclease, exonuclease, and β-glucosidase) activity secreted by it is 3-5 times that of Bacillus subtilis. It can form a synergistic enzyme production effect with Bacillus subtilis. When the detected cellulase activity is <15U / g (insufficient enzyme production by Bacillus subtilis), supplementing with Trichoderma viride can rapidly increase the total enzyme activity and accelerate the decomposition of soybean cellulose.

[0075] Bacillus mucilaginosus can secrete organic acids, such as oxalic acid and citric acid, to dissolve insoluble phosphorus and adsorb phosphorus through extracellular polysaccharides. Its phosphorus solubilization efficiency is more than twice that of ordinary Bacillus. When the detected available phosphorus is <80mg / kg, it indicates that the initial Bacillus mucilaginosus metabolism is insufficient. Supplementation can enhance the phosphorus solubilization capacity and ensure that the final available phosphorus meets the standard.

[0076] S6: On day 12 of fermentation, the concentrations of propionic acid and free amino acids in the fermentation material were detected by GC-MS.

[0077] Propionic acid is a harmful organic acid produced by abnormal fermentation. In cases of localized anaerobic conditions, excessive amounts can inhibit crop root growth, and its concentration needs to be monitored to ensure it has decreased to a safe level. Free amino acids, such as glutamic acid and lysine, are core products of soybean protein decomposition and are high-quality nitrogen sources that crops can directly absorb. Their concentration directly reflects the efficiency of nutrient conversion during fermentation. Only when free amino acids are sufficient and propionic acid content is low can the addition of phosphate rock powder and calcium lignosulfonate form a stable microporous membrane, preventing harmful products from being encapsulated in the fertilizer.

[0078] Among them, GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) enables the accurate detection of propionic acid and free amino acids through gas chromatography separation and mass spectrometry qualitative and quantitative analysis.

[0079] S7: Calculate the concentration ratio R based on the detection results of S6. ;

[0080] When R≥7.5, 0.27 parts of phosphate rock powder and 0.18 parts of calcium lignosulfonate are added simultaneously to the fermentation material. The phosphate rock powder should have a calcium content ≥30% and a particle size ≤100 mesh. Phosphate rock powder is not only a phosphorus source but also supplements the soil with calcium to prevent calcium deficiency diseases in crops; a calcium content <30% will lead to insufficient calcium supplementation. The sulfonic acid groups (-SO3H) of calcium lignosulfonate can adsorb onto the surface of the phosphate rock powder, forming an electrostatic repulsion layer to prevent the phosphate rock powder from agglomerating. Calcium lignosulfonate can soften and form a film at 35-40℃, encapsulating the phosphate rock powder and soybean fermentation products, forming a microporous structure. Nutrients can be slowly released through the micropores, preventing nutrient loss due to heavy rain.

[0081] If R < 7.5, terminate this step and return to fermentation control. If propionic acid is too high, turn the pile and ventilate. If free amino acids are insufficient, add bacteria. Repeat S6 after 24-48 hours until R ≥ 7.5.

[0082] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, when adding phosphate rock powder and calcium lignosulfonate simultaneously, the phosphate rock powder and calcium lignosulfonate are poured into a double-spiral mixer and dry-mixed for 5 minutes to form a uniform additive mixture, avoiding local agglomeration caused by direct addition; then the fermentation tank turning device is turned on at 10 rpm for 5 minutes to loosen the material, while checking the material moisture content, which needs to be maintained at 45-50%; the premixed additive is evenly spread on the surface of the material through the double feed inlets at the top of the fermentation tank, turning the pile while spreading to ensure uniform mixing of the additive and the material; after the addition is completed, the feed inlets are closed, and the pile is turned for another 10 minutes. The state of the material is observed, and it should be granular with no obvious additive lumps; otherwise, the turning time needs to be extended to 20 minutes.

[0083] S8: Turn the compost twice a day at 35-40℃ for 24-48 hours to form a microporous membrane. During turning, spray fermentation condensate to control the moisture content at 45-50%.

[0084] In this step, the turning process allows for full exchange between the upper and lower layers of material. At the same time, the turning process introduces fresh air, preventing localized anaerobic conditions caused by the sealed coating.

[0085] At 35-40℃, the intermolecular forces of calcium lignosulfonate weaken, changing from a solid to a viscous fluid that can flow on the surface of materials; softened calcium lignosulfonate contains a large number of hydroxyl groups (-OH), which can react with calcium ions (Ca²⁺) on the surface of phosphate rock powder. + Coordination bonds are formed, firmly adsorbing the phosphate rock powder onto the material surface; the air introduced during turning forms tiny bubbles in the coating layer, which leave 5-10μm micropores after cooling and solidification. These micropores allow water to slowly penetrate, dissolve internal nutrients, and release them outward. The release rate is positively correlated with the number of micropores; within 24-48 hours, calcium lignosulfonate cools slowly with temperature fluctuations, and the molecules rearrange to form a rigid structure, tightly binding the coating layer to the material core.

[0086] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the first turning is carried out at 9:00, the turning device is turned on (5 rpm), and the turning is carried out for 10 minutes to exchange the upper and lower layers of material. During the turning, condensate water is sprayed simultaneously to replenish the lost moisture. The second turning can be carried out at 21:00, and the corresponding operation is repeated.

[0087] After turning the pile, observe the surface of the material with a magnifying glass. A semi-transparent film should be formed. The semi-transparent film is the softened state of calcium lignosulfonate. The phosphate rock powder is evenly distributed in the film with no obvious exposure.

[0088] The coating effect can be tested after 24 hours. The material should be dark brown granules with a smooth surface and no cracks. Take 10g of material and soak it in 200mL of water. After 30 minutes, test the concentration of free amino acids in the water. For example, if the concentration of free amino acids is <5mg / L, it indicates that the coating has a good blocking effect. If the standard is not met, extend the time to 48 hours, and spray condensate water every 12 hours during this period.

[0089] S9: Fermentation terminates when the ratio of absorbance at 1650nm to 1950nm in the near-infrared spectrum of the material stabilizes at 1.8±0.1, thus preparing organic base fertilizer. The determination of fermentation termination requires three consecutive measurements at 2-hour intervals, with the absorbance ratio remaining within the range of 1.8±0.1. These 2-hour intervals and 3 consecutive measurements are used to avoid misjudgments caused by short-term fluctuations.

[0090] In this invention, if fermentation is incomplete, such as when proteins are not fully decomposed into free amino acids, they will continue to ferment in the soil during subsequent application, producing harmful gases such as ammonia and methane, which inhibit crop growth. If the coating layer is not solidified, such as when calcium lignin sulfonate is not fully fixed, the finished product is prone to cracking during transportation or storage, leading to premature nutrient loss. Therefore, this step uses near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), a rapid and non-destructive detection technology, to quantify the maturity and coating stability of the material, ensuring that only materials that meet the preset quality standards can be used as finished products, avoiding batch-to-batch differences in appearance and odor caused by subjective judgment.

[0091] Specifically, in terms of wavelength selection, the 1650nm wavelength is mainly associated with the vibrational absorption of amide I bonds (-CONH-) in the material. The absorption intensity of this functional group is directly related to the maturity of soybean protein, specifically reflecting the ratio of free amino acids to peptides within the material. As soybean protein gradually decomposes into free amino acids during fermentation, the number of amide I bonds decreases, and the absorbance at the 1650nm wavelength also decreases accordingly. Furthermore, this absorbance is significantly negatively correlated with the concentration of free amino acids. Therefore, the absorbance at 1650nm can be used to quantitatively determine the material composition. The degree of internal nutrient decomposition; the 1950nm wavelength is mainly associated with the combination frequency absorption of hydroxyl (-OH) and CH bonds. This absorption signal is closely related to the stability of the microporous coating on the outside of the material, specifically reflecting the degree of solidification of calcium lignosulfonate. When calcium lignosulfonate gradually solidifies during the coating process, the degree of association of intermolecular hydroxyl groups increases, leading to an increase in absorbance at the 1950nm wavelength. Moreover, this absorbance is significantly positively correlated with the hardness of the coating layer. Therefore, the absorbance at 1950nm can be used to determine whether the coating layer is stable and whether it has a stable nutrient slow-release capacity.

[0092] Therefore, by using the ratio of absorbance at these two wavelengths (1650nm / 1950nm), we can simultaneously meet the dual quality detection needs of the material's internal nutrient decomposition state and external coating stability state, avoiding the limitation of relying solely on a single wavelength for detection, which cannot fully reflect the quality of the finished product.

[0093] When the ratio of absorbance at 1650 nm to 1950 nm in the near-infrared spectrum of the material is stable at 1.8 ± 0.1, it indicates that the material is in a state of complete coating solidification and stable free amino acids, with high nitrogen utilization.

[0094] Example 2

[0095] An embodiment of the present invention provides a bio-fermented organic base fertilizer made from whole soybeans, comprising the following parts by weight: 92.5 parts soybeans; 7.5 parts calcium powder or rice husk powder; 0.15 parts microbial fermentation agent, which includes Bacillus subtilis, yeast, Bacillus mucilaginosus, and Trichoderma viride; and 0.6 parts functional additives, which are composed of phosphate rock powder and lignin sulfonate in a 2:1 mass ratio.

[0096] The mass percentages of each component in the microbial fermentation agent are as follows: Bacillus subtilis 45%, yeast 45%, Bacillus mucilaginosus 8%, and Trichoderma viride 2%.

[0097] Unlike Example 1, in the preparation method of bio-fermented organic base fertilizer using whole soybeans as raw material in this embodiment of the invention, in S5, when the cellulase activity is <15U / g, 0.005 parts of Trichoderma viride are added; when the available phosphorus is <80mg / kg, 0.013 parts of Bacillus mucilaginosus are added; in S8, when R≥7.5, 0.375 parts of phosphate rock powder and 0.225 parts of calcium lignin sulfonate are added to the fermentation material simultaneously.

[0098] Example 3

[0099] An embodiment of the present invention provides a bio-fermented organic base fertilizer made from whole soybeans, comprising the following parts by weight: soybeans: 95 parts; calcium powder or rice husk powder: 5 parts; microbial fermentation agent: 0.2 parts, the microbial fermentation agent comprising: Bacillus subtilis, yeast, Bacillus mucilaginosus and Trichoderma viride; functional additives: 0.8 parts, the functional additives being composed of phosphate rock powder and lignin sulfonate in a mass ratio of 2.5:1.

[0100] The mass percentages of each component in the microbial fermentation agent are as follows: Bacillus subtilis 50%, yeast 40%, Bacillus mucilaginosus 7%, and Trichoderma viride 3%.

[0101] Unlike Example 1, in the preparation method of bio-fermented organic base fertilizer using whole soybeans as raw material in this embodiment of the invention, in S5, when the cellulase activity is <15U / g, 0.009 parts of green Trichoderma of soybeans are added; when the available phosphorus is <80mg / kg, 0.028 parts of Bacillus mucilaginosus are added; in S8, when R≥7.5, 0.475 parts of phosphate rock powder and 0.19 parts of calcium lignin sulfonate are added to the fermentation material simultaneously.

[0102] experiment:

[0103] I. Experimental Design

[0104] Three control groups and three groups of the present invention embodiment were set up to ensure that the variables were unique, with only the bacterial agent composition and coating process being different, while the other conditions were the same.

[0105] Each group was set up with 3 repeated experiments, and the average data was taken to reduce random errors.

[0106] The raw material specifications, preparation steps, and testing methods are all in accordance with the claims and embodiments to ensure repeatability.

[0107] II. Experimental Materials

[0108] Table 1: Experimental Materials

[0109] raw material Specifications Dosage for each group Whole soybeans Full-fat soybeans, 5-8mm in diameter, with an initial moisture content of 11%. Examples 1, 2, and 3 consisted of 90, 92.5, and 95 samples, respectively; the control group followed the same guidelines as Example 1. Calcium powder / rice husk powder Calcium powder (calcium carbonate ≥ 90%), rice husk powder (particle size ≤ 2mm) Examples 1, 2, and 3 were administered in doses of 10, 7.5, and 5 respectively; the control group was the same as in Example 1. Microbial fermentation agents <![CDATA[Bacillus subtilis (≥10 9 CFU / g), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (≥10 8 CFU / g), Bacillus mucilaginosus (≥10 8 CFU / g), Trichoderma viride (≥10¹ 0 CFU / g)]]> Examples 1 / 2 / 3 were 0.1 / 0.15 / 0.2 parts respectively (mixed according to the proportions of the examples: EX1 40% / 40% / 12% / 8%, EX2 45% / 45% / 8% / 2%, EX3 50% / 40% / 8% / 2%); CK2 contained only 0.1 parts of Bacillus subtilis, and CK1 / CK3 contained no compound bacterial agent. Functional additives Phosphate rock powder (calcium ≥ 30%, particle size ≤ 100 mesh, phosphorus pentoxide ≥ 15%), calcium lignosulfonate (purity ≥ 85%) Examples 1 / 2 / 3 were administered in ratios of 1.5:1 / 2:1 / 2.5:1, with doses of 0.4 / 0.6 / 0.8 respectively; control group 3 was unaffected. Use organic fertilizer as a reference Commercially available ordinary soybean organic fertilizer (without compound microbial agents or coating) contains ≥3% total nitrogen and ≥0.5% available phosphorus. CK1 can be used directly, and then crushed into 2-3mm particles (same as the finished particle size in the example). Test crops Tomato (variety: Pink Crown No. 1), seedling stage, plant height 10±1cm, uniform growth Each group contains 30 pots, with 1 plant per pot. Experimental soil Sandy loam soil, basic fertility: available nitrogen 85 mg / kg, available phosphorus 15 mg / kg, organic matter 1.8%, pH 6.8. Each pot contains 5 kg of soil, and the soil types are consistent across all groups.

[0110] III. Experimental Design and Grouping

[0111] Table 2: Experimental Groups (6 groups in total, 3 replicates per group)

[0112] Group Technical solution Differences Control group 1 (CK1) Commercially available ordinary soybean organic fertilizer (without compound microbial agents or coating) The core process of this invention (compound bacterial fermentation, microporous coating) is not included. Control group 2 (CK2) Referring to the raw materials of Example 1 (90 parts soybeans, 10 parts rice husk powder), only Bacillus subtilis single bacteria (0.1 parts) were added, without other microbial agents or coating. Lacking complex microorganisms (yeast / Bacillus mucilaginosus / Trichoderma viride), without a membrane Control group 3 (CK3) Referring to the complete process of Example 1 (S1-S7), a compound microbial agent and functional additives are added, and the microporous coating step in S8 is omitted. It contains a complex microbial fermentation process and lacks a microporous membrane. Example 1 (EX1) Perform the complete steps of Example 1 (S1-S9): 90 parts soybean, 10 parts rice husk powder, 0.1 parts compound microbial agent, 0.4 parts additive (1.5:1), and coat for 24 hours. Compound microbial fermentation + microporous membrane, with raw material usage at the lower limit of the example. Example 2 (EX2) Perform the following complete steps (S1-S9): 92.5 parts soybeans, 7.5 parts calcium powder, 0.15 parts compound bacteria, 0.6 parts additives (2:1), and coat for 36 hours. Compound microbial fermentation + microporous membrane; raw material dosage is the intermediate value in the examples. Example 3 (EX3) Perform the complete steps of Example 3 (S1-S9, 8% Bacillus mucilaginosus): 95 parts soybean, 5 parts calcium powder, 0.2 parts compound bacterial agent, 0.8 parts additive (2.5:1), coating for 48 hours. Compound microbial fermentation + microporous membrane, with raw material usage at the upper limit of the example.

[0113] IV. Experimental Procedure

[0114] Phase 1: Laboratory preparation and index testing of organic fertilizer (20 days)

[0115] 1. Organic fertilizer preparation (according to the technical scheme of each group)

[0116] Groups EX1-EX3 correspond to Examples 1-3 respectively:

[0117] Group CK2: Omit yeast / Bacillus mucilaginosus / Trichoderma viride in S2 (only add Bacillus subtilis), omit the S8 encapsulation step, the rest is the same as EX1;

[0118] Group CK3: Perform S1-S7, omit the S8 coating step, the rest is the same as EX1;

[0119] Group CK1: Commercially available organic fertilizer was directly crushed into 2-3mm particles, with no preparation steps.

[0120] Phase 2: Field Fertilizer Efficacy Validation (60 days, tomato crop)

[0121] 1. Control of basic field conditions

[0122] Planting containers: 30cm diameter flower pots, each filled with 5kg of soil (experimental soil);

[0123] Fertilization plan: Calculate the fertilizer amount based on 0.2g of pure nitrogen per pot (approximately 10g / pot for EX1 and 12g / pot for CK1), apply it as a base fertilizer to a depth of 10cm in the soil, and do not apply additional fertilizer later;

[0124] Water management: Water 100mL / pot every 3 days to maintain soil moisture content of 20-25%;

[0125] Environmental conditions: Greenhouse temperature 25-30℃, light 12 hours / day, humidity 60-70%, all groups were kept in the same environment.

[0126] 2. The observation indicators include plant height, stem diameter, root activity, number of fruits per plant, weight of a single fruit, yield per plant, and yield increase rate. Records are taken once every 10 days for a total of 6 times, and the average value is used.

[0127] V. Experimental Results and Data Analysis

[0128] Table 3: Experimental Results

[0129] Group A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 CK1 3.2±0.1 550±20 280±15 65±3 4.3±0.2 Not detected 35±2 32±2 Unencapsulated CK2 3.5±0.1 620±18 310±12 58±2 5.3±0.1 Not detected 40±3 38±2 Unencapsulated CK3 4.0±0.1 850±25 360±10 42±1 8.6±0.2 Not detected 52±2 49±3 Unencapsulated EX1 4.2±0.1 1200±30 375±18 50±2 7.5±0.1 Not detected 68±3 65±3 1.8±0.1 EX2 4.5±0.1 1350±22 420±15 45±1 9.3±0.2 Not detected 72±2 70±2 1.8±0.1 EX3 4.8±0.1 1500±28 500±20 40±1 12.5±0.3 Not detected 75±3 73±3 1.8±0.1

[0130] In Table 3, A1 represents total nitrogen (%), A2 represents available phosphorus (mg / kg), A3 represents free amino acids (mg / kg), A4 represents propionic acid (mg / kg), A5 represents the R value, A6 represents aflatoxin B1 (μg / kg), A7 represents the 30-day total nitrogen sustained release rate (%), A8 represents the 30-day available phosphorus sustained release rate (%), and A9 represents the near-infrared absorbance ratio.

[0131] Analysis of Table 3 shows that the total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and free amino acid contents of the EX1-EX3 groups were significantly higher than those of the control group. Specifically, the total nitrogen in EX3 was 50% higher than that in CK1, and the available phosphorus was 172.7% higher, indicating that the synergistic fermentation of the compound microbial agent can efficiently decompose soybean nutrients. Furthermore, the higher the soybean and microbial agent dosage, the better the nutrient conversion effect. The propionic acid concentration in the EX1-EX3 groups was ≤50mg / kg, and the R value was ≥7.5, both superior to CK1. Aflatoxin B1 was not detected in any of the groups, indicating that the fermentation process of this invention is thorough, with no harmful product accumulation, and meets safety standards.

[0132] The total nitrogen / available phosphorus slow release rates of groups EX1-EX3 were all ≥65% after 30 days, which was significantly higher than that of the uncoated group, indicating that the microporous coating process can effectively prolong the nutrient release cycle and reduce loss.

[0133] VI. Field Fertilizer Efficacy Verification Results

[0134] Table 4: Field Fertilizer Efficacy Verification Results

[0135] Group B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 CK1 65±3 8.2±0.3 85±5 8±1 40±2 320±15 - CK2 70±2 8.8±0.2 92±4 9±1 39±2 350±12 9.4% CK3 78±3 9.5±0.3 110±6 11±1 37±2 410±18 28.1% EX1 82±2 10.2±0.2 125±5 12±1 37.5±1.5 450±20 40.6% EX2 88±3 11.0±0.3 138±4 13±1 37.7±1.2 490±15 53.1% EX3 95±2 11.8±0.2 150±6 14±1 37.9±1.0 530±18 65.6%

[0136] In Table 4, B1 is the average plant height (cm) over 60 days, B2 is the average stem diameter (mm) over 60 days, B3 is the average root activity (μg / g・h) over 60 days, B4 is the number of fruits per plant (fruits / plant), B5 is the weight of a single fruit (g / fruit), B6 ​​is the yield per plant (g / plant), and B7 is the yield increase rate (vsCK1).

[0137] Analysis of Table 4 shows that the tomato plant height, stem diameter, and root activity in the EX1-EX3 groups were significantly higher than those in the control group. The root activity of EX3 was 76.5% higher than that of CK1, indicating that the organic base fertilizer of this invention releases nutrients stably, continuously promotes crop growth, and avoids premature aging. The yield per plant in the EX1-EX3 groups increased with the increase of soybean / microbial agent dosage. The yield per plant in EX3 was 65.6% higher than that of CK1, and the yield increase rate was higher than that of the uncoated group (CK3: 28.1%), indicating that the synergistic effect of compound microbial fermentation and microporous coating can improve field fertilizer efficiency.

[0138] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bio-fermented organic base fertilizer made from whole soybeans, characterized in that, Made from the following parts by weight of raw materials: Soybeans 90-95 parts; 5-10 parts calcium powder or rice husk powder; 0.1-0.2 parts of microbial fermentation agent, which includes: Bacillus subtilis, yeast, Bacillus mucilaginosus and Trichoderma viride; 0.4-0.8 parts of functional additives, which are composed of phosphate rock powder and calcium lignosulfonate in a mass ratio of 1.5-2.5:

1.

2. The bio-fermented organic base fertilizer based on whole soybeans as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The mass percentage of each component in the microbial fermentation agent is as follows: Bacillus subtilis 40-50%, Yeast content 40-50%, Bacillus mucilaginosus 8-12%, Trichoderma viride 2-8%.

3. The bio-fermented organic base fertilizer based on whole soybeans as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, Soybeans are either full-fat soybeans or defatted soybeans with a moisture content of 55-60% after absorbing water.

4. A method for preparing a bio-fermented organic base fertilizer using whole soybeans as raw material as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Soak soybeans until the water content is 55-60%, then drain the surface water; S2: Mix Bacillus subtilis and yeast with calcium powder or rice husk powder, add warm water at 30-40℃ and stir until it becomes a moist flocculent, let stand for 30 minutes to prepare the activated bacterial agent mixture; S3: Mix the soybeans from step S1 with the activator mixture from step S2 and load them into a fermentation tank, controlling the moisture content of the material to 45-50%; S4: On day 5 of fermentation, the cellulase activity and available phosphorus content of the material were tested; S5: When cellulase activity is <15U / g, add 0.005-0.01 parts / 100 parts of soybean Trichoderma viride; when available phosphorus is <80mg / kg, add 0.01-0.03 parts / 100 parts of soybean Bacillus mucilaginosus. S6: On days 8-12 of fermentation, the concentrations of propionic acid and free amino acids in the fermentation material were detected by GC-MS. S7: Calculate the concentration ratio R based on the detection results of S6. When R≥7.5, add 0.3-0.5 parts / 100 parts of soybean phosphate rock powder and 0.1-0.3 parts / 100 parts of soybean lignin sulfonate to the fermentation material simultaneously. S8: Turn the pile twice a day at 35-40℃ and react for 24-48 hours to form a microporous membrane; S9: Fermentation is terminated when the ratio of the absorbance of the material at 1650nm to 1950nm in the near-infrared spectrum is stable at 1.8±0.1, and organic base fertilizer is prepared.

5. The method for preparing bio-fermented organic base fertilizer using whole soybeans as raw material according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cellulase activity and available phosphorus content in S4 were detected by an online enzyme activity detector and a fast-acting phosphorus detector, respectively, with data collected every 12 hours.

6. The method for preparing bio-fermented organic base fertilizer using whole soybeans as raw material according to claim 5, characterized in that, The calcium content of S7 phosphate rock powder is ≥30%, and the particle size is ≤100 mesh.

7. The method for preparing bio-fermented organic base fertilizer using whole soybeans as raw material according to claim 6, characterized in that, During the turning process in S8, the fermentation condensate is sprayed simultaneously to control the moisture content at 45-50%.

8. The method for preparing bio-fermented organic base fertilizer using whole soybeans as raw material according to claim 7, characterized in that, In S9, fermentation termination needs to be determined by three consecutive measurements at 2-hour intervals, with absorbance ratios all within the range of 1.8 ± 0.1.

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