Keyboard with universal smart key switch adapter

Abstract

A keyboard with a universal smart key switch adapter is disclosed. A universal key switch socket configured to be coupled to a key switch, the key switch socket comprising: a first sub-socket configured to receive a first pin of the key switch, the first sub-socket having at least two electrically isolated electrical contacts, the first sub-socket operable to receive a plurality of signals up to a number of electrically isolated electrical contacts; and a second sub-socket configured to receive a second pin of the key switch, the second sub-socket operable to receive a single signal from the key switch. In some embodiments, the first sub-socket is electrically bifurcated and includes: a first contact configured to be coupled to a power pin; and a second contact portion configured to operate as a multipurpose input / output (I / O) pin. In some cases, the second contact of the first sub-socket is operable to couple an input data signal to the key switch, where the input data signal is analog or digital 2-line data.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application is a non-provisional application and claims the benefit and priority of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 657,817, filed June 8, 2024, entitled “KEYBOARD WITH UNIVERSAL SMART KEY SWITCH ADAPTOR,” which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. Technical Field

[0003] This invention relates to a keyboard with a universal smart key switch adapter. Background Technology

[0004] Computer peripherals are common in modern society and are typically used to convert human-induced analog input (e.g., touch, click, movement, touch gestures, button presses, scroll wheel rotations, etc.) into digital signals for computer processing. Computer peripherals, or more broadly, input devices, can include any device that can provide data and control signals to a computing system. Some non-limiting examples of input devices include keyboards, computer mice, virtual reality and / or augmented reality controllers, touchpads, remote controls, game controllers, joysticks, trackballs, presenters, etc.

[0005] Input devices have undergone many significant improvements over the past few decades. In some contemporary input devices, such as keyboards, analog keys have become popular for applications like competitive gaming. Analog keys can provide better resolution in key detection than the simple on / off connection found in conventional current-sensitive key switches, but they significantly increase production costs, system complexity, power requirements, and key switch addressing latency. Therefore, a better solution is needed.

[0006] Unless otherwise indicated herein, the materials described in this section are not prior art for the purposes of the claims in this application and are not considered prior art by virtue of their inclusion in this section. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In some embodiments, a universal key switch socket configured to be coupled to a key switch includes: a first sub-socket configured to receive a first pin of the key switch, the first sub-socket having at least two electrically isolated electrical contacts operable to receive a plurality of signals up to the number of electrically isolated electrical contacts; and a second sub-socket configured to receive a second pin of the key switch, the second sub-socket operable to receive a single signal from the key switch. In some aspects, the first sub-socket is electrically branched and includes: a first contact configured to be coupled to a power supply pin; and a second contact configured to operate as a multipurpose input / output (I / O) pin. The second contact of the first sub-socket may be operable to couple an input data signal to the key switch, wherein the input data signal is analog or digital 2-wire data. In some embodiments, the second contact of the first sub-socket may also be operable to electrically drive a current portion of the key switch and / or receive identification data from the key switch. The universal key switch socket may further include a third sub-socket configured to receive a third pin of the key switch. The third sub-socket has at least two electrically isolated electrical contacts and is operable to receive multiple signals from up to the number of electrically isolated electrical contacts. In some cases, the second sub-socket is electrically branched and includes: a first contact of the second sub-socket configured to be coupled to a second power supply pin; and a second contact of the second sub-socket operable to receive an output data signal from the key switch. The input data signal and / or the output data signal may be analog or digital 2-wire data or other suitable signal types. In some cases, the second sub-socket is operable to be electrically coupled to a current portion of the key switch. In another embodiment, the universal key switch socket is configured to be coupled to the bottom side of a printed circuit board (PCB) or suitable substrate such that the first, second, and third sub-sockets protrude through holes in the PCB to the top side of the PCB to receive the key switch. In some cases, the universal key switch socket may also be coupled to the top side of the PCB or suitable substrate. In some cases, two of the three sub-sockets of a universal key switch socket can be mated with a 2-pin key switch, which has pins arranged at a distance of 6.35 mm on a first axis and at a distance of 2.54 mm on a second axis perpendicular to the first axis, which is common in conventional 2-pin key switches.

[0008] In some embodiments, a universal key switch socket configured to be coupled to a key switch includes: a first sub-socket configured to receive a first pin of the key switch, the first sub-socket having at least two electrically isolated electrical contacts, the first sub-socket being operable to receive a plurality of signals up to the number of electrically isolated electrical contacts; and a second sub-socket configured to receive a second pin of the key switch, the second sub-socket being operable to receive a single signal from the key switch, wherein the first sub-socket is electrically bifurcated and includes: a first contact configured to be coupled to electrical ground; and a second contact configured to operate as a multipurpose input / output (I / O) pin. In some aspects, the second contact of the first sub-socket is operable to couple an input data signal to the key switch, electrically drive a current portion of the key switch, and / or receive identification data or digital two-wire data from the key switch.

[0009] In some embodiments, a universal key switch socket configured to be coupled to a key switch includes: a first sub-socket configured to receive a first pin of the key switch, the first sub-socket having at least two electrically isolated electrical contacts, the first sub-socket being operable to receive a plurality of signals up to the number of electrically isolated electrical contacts, wherein the first sub-socket is electrically bifurcated, and includes: a first contact configured to be coupled to electrical ground; and a second contact configured to operate as a multipurpose input / output (I / O) pin, wherein the second contact of the first sub-socket is operable to couple an input data signal to the key switch. The universal key switch socket may also include a second sub-socket configured to receive a second pin of the key switch, the second sub-socket having at least two electrically isolated electrical contacts, the second sub-socket being operable to receive a plurality of signals up to the number of electrically isolated electrical contacts. In some embodiments, the second sub-receptacle is electrically branched and includes: a first contact portion of the second sub-receptacle configured to be coupled to a power source; and a second contact portion of the second sub-receptacle operable to receive an output data signal from a key switch. The input and output data signals can be analog or digital two-wire data. The second sub-receptacle can be operable to be electrically coupled to a current portion of the key switch.

[0010] The terms and expressions used are descriptive rather than restrictive, and their use is not intended to exclude any equivalents of the features shown and described or portions thereof. However, it is recognized that various modifications can be made within the scope of the claimed systems and methods. Therefore, it should be understood that although the systems and methods have been specifically disclosed by way of example and optional features, those skilled in the art will recognize modifications and variations to the concepts disclosed herein, and such modifications and variations are considered to be within the scope of the systems and methods as defined by the appended claims.

[0011] This overview is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used alone to determine the scope of the claimed subject matter. The subject matter should be understood by referring to the appropriate portions of the entire specification of this disclosure, any or all of the accompanying drawings, and each claim.

[0012] The foregoing features and examples will be described in more detail in the following description, claims and drawings, together with other features and examples. Attached Figure Description

[0013] This patent or application document contains at least one color drawing. Upon request and payment of the necessary fees, the Patent Office will provide a copy of this patent or application disclosure with color drawings.

[0014] The features of the various embodiments of the present invention described above, as well as other features and advantages of certain embodiments, will become more apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0015] Figure 1 A simplified example of a computer system is shown, which may include any of a variety of main computing devices and computer peripherals, including computer peripherals that can be configured to perform aspects of the various inventive concepts described herein.

[0016] Figure 2 A simplified block diagram of a system for operating computer peripherals according to some embodiments is shown;

[0017] Figure 3 This is a simplified block diagram of a main computing device according to certain embodiments;

[0018] Figure 4A The bottom side of a conventional printed circuit board (PCB) for a keying device with key pluggable capability is shown;

[0019] Figure 4B A smart key switch with fully integrated analog sensing is shown according to some embodiments;

[0020] Figure 5A A typical hot-swappable PCB is shown with an analog sensor circuitry configured at each key switch mounting location.

[0021] Figure 5B A generic hot-swappable PCB configured to accept standard or smart key switches according to certain embodiments is shown, wherein no analog sensor circuitry is configured on the generic hot-swappable PCB.

[0022] Figure 6A An incremental cross-sectional view of a standard 2-pin current key switch is shown;

[0023] Figure 6B A progressive cross-sectional view of a 3-pin smart key switch with fully integrated analog sensing, according to some embodiments, is shown.

[0024] Figure 7 A smart key switch with integrated analog sensing is shown according to some embodiments;

[0025] Figure 8A Simplified circuit diagrams of various analog sensing circuits for smart key switches according to certain embodiments are shown;

[0026] Figure 8B Simplified circuit diagrams of various analog sensing circuits for smart key switches according to certain embodiments are shown;

[0027] Figure 8C Simplified circuit diagrams of various analog sensing circuits for smart key switches according to certain embodiments are shown;

[0028] Figure 9 A simplified block diagram is shown illustrating several design options for presenting a smart key switch structure according to certain embodiments;

[0029] Figure 10 The identification features of a smart key switch according to certain embodiments are shown;

[0030] Figure 11A The standard socket and corresponding PCB for a typical design are shown;

[0031] Figure 11B A general-purpose socket and corresponding PCB for a smart key switch according to certain embodiments are shown;

[0032] Figure 12 A simplified block diagram of a universal socket according to some embodiments is shown;

[0033] Figure 13 A simplified circuit diagram of a general-purpose keyboard according to some embodiments is shown;

[0034] Figure 14 The diagram illustrates graphs showing dynamic scan sampling rates for different scanning methods according to certain embodiments; and

[0035] Figure 15 A general-purpose main PCB with additional power contacts, a 3-pin socket, a switch for backlighting, and alignment features is shown according to certain embodiments.

[0036] Throughout the accompanying drawings, it should be noted that the same reference numerals are generally used to depict the same or similar elements, features, and structures. Detailed Implementation

[0037] According to certain implementations, various aspects of this disclosure generally relate to computer peripherals, and more specifically to general-purpose keyboards or keying devices, smart key switches and key switch adapters, and corresponding infrastructure.

[0038] In the following description, various examples of general-purpose keyboards, smart key switches, key switch adapters, and corresponding infrastructure are described. For illustrative purposes, specific configurations and details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the implementation methods. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that certain implementation methods can be practiced or implemented without disclosing every detail. Furthermore, well-known features may be omitted or simplified to prevent any confusion regarding novel features described herein.

[0039] The following high-level summary is intended to provide a basic understanding of some of the novel innovations depicted in the accompanying drawings and presented in the corresponding description provided below. Aspects of the invention relate to smart key switches. For example, a mechanical key switch may include an embedded analog sensing element (e.g., an optical sensor, an inductive sensor, a magnetic sensor, a capacitive sensor, etc.) configured to sense the displacement of a target (e.g., a reflector, a magnet, a conductive element, etc.) coupled to a pressable plunger of the key switch, in addition to or alternative to binary galvanic contact-based detection. The smart key switch may have all the specific drive electronics for the analog sensing element that can generate signals (e.g., analog signals, digital signals containing plunger displacement information), said specific drive electronics being embedded on a substrate (e.g., a printed circuit board or "PCB") inside the key switch housing (body). In some cases, the smart key switch may include a motion sensing circuit system but excluding drive electronics or including some of the drive electronics. The driving electronics and sensing elements can be interfaced with the main circuitry of the keyboard or keypad (e.g., for power supply, control, and reading). Therefore, smart key switches with integrated sensing enable modular placement on the keyboard without requiring dedicated infrastructure on the keyboard itself, allowing for the interchangeability of different key switch types (e.g., electrical, optical, inductive, magnetic) since no specific sensing technology is permanently mounted on the main keyboard PCB.

[0040] In some embodiments, a universal keyboard or keying device may include a mechanical keyboard platform in which key switches may be mounted on a universal interface configured to enable the use of any switch sensing technology (e.g., current, optical, magnetic, inductive, capacitive) at any key switch location on the keyboard, without requiring sensors or sensor-supporting circuitry on the keyboard PCB. As will be understood by those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure, the platform can drive and read information about the plunger position sensed from within the key switch (e.g., two or more values ​​having that position), and can power the key switch regardless of the key switch sensing technology, and can send or receive I / O signals relative to the key switch, whether digital, analog, or a combination thereof.

[0041] It should be understood that this highly detailed overview is presented to provide the reader with a basic understanding of some of the novel aspects of this disclosure and guidance to the detailed content that follows. This highly detailed overview is in no way limited to the scope of the various embodiments described throughout the detailed description, and each of the figures cited above is further described below in more detail and within its appropriate scope.

[0042] Figure 1 A simplified example of a computer system 100 is shown, which may include any of a variety of main computing devices and computer peripherals, including computer peripherals (e.g., computer mouse, keyboard, etc.) that can be configured to perform aspects of the various inventive concepts described herein. The computer system 100 may include a computer 110, a monitor 120, a computer mouse 130, and a keyboard 140. In some cases, the keyboard 140 may be a "qwerty" type keyboard, or any suitable input device having one or more keys (e.g., IoT device, AR / VR controller, remote control, etc.): said one or more keys may be configured as analog keys with travel and force detection, as further described throughout this disclosure. As will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art who benefits from this disclosure, for the computer system 100, the keyboard 140 may be configured to control aspects of the computer 110 and the monitor 120. The monitor 120, computer mouse 130, and keyboard 140 may be collectively referred to as "computer peripherals" or "input devices." Computer peripherals 120 to 140 can be communicatively coupled to main computing device 110, and in some cases, can be coupled to multiple main computing devices. Although many of the examples presented herein utilize analog keys in keyboard-type computer peripherals, those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure will understand that the use of this structure can be adapted to other types of input devices.

[0043] Computer 110 can be any suitable computing device, including but not limited to desktop computers, laptop computers, tablet computers or “tablet” computers, smartphones, PDAs, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart glasses), virtual reality / augmented reality (VR / AR) systems, etc. The main computing device may also be referred to herein as a “main computer,” “host device,” “computing device,” “computer,” etc., and may include a machine-readable medium (not shown) configured to store computer code such as driver software, firmware, etc., wherein the computer code may be processed by one or more processors of the main computing device (see, for example...). Figure 2 The processor 210) performs functions to control aspects of the main computing device, for example, via one or more computer peripherals.

[0044] Figure 2 A system 200 for operating computer peripherals (e.g., computer mouse 130, keyboard 140, etc.) according to certain embodiments is illustrated. System 200 can be configured to operate any computer peripheral shown or not shown herein but within the broad scope of this disclosure. System 200 may include a processor 210, a memory 220, a power management system 230, a communication module 240, an input detection module 250, and an output control module 260. Each of system blocks 220 to 260 can communicate electronically with processor 210 (e.g., via a bus system). System 200 may include additional functional blocks, which are not shown or discussed to avoid obscuring the novel features described herein. System blocks 220 to 260 (also referred to as “modules”) may be implemented as separate blocks, or alternatively, more than one system block may be implemented within a single block. As will be understood by those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure, in the context described herein, system 200 may be included in any computer peripheral device (e.g., input device) described or mentioned herein, and may also be configured with any of the analog key structures proposed herein.

[0045] In some implementations, processor 210 may include one or more microprocessors and may be configured to control the operation of system 200. Alternatively or additionally, processor 210 may include one or more microcontrollers (MCUs), digital signal processors (DSPs), etc., having supporting hardware and / or firmware (e.g., memory, programmable I / O, etc.) and / or software, as will be understood by those skilled in the art. Processor 210 may control some or all aspects of the operation of keyboard 140 (e.g., system blocks 220 to 260). Alternatively or additionally, some system blocks 220 to 260 may include additional dedicated processors that can work in conjunction with processor 210. For example, MCUs, μCs, DSPs, etc., may be configured in other system blocks of system 200. Communication block 240 may include a local processor, for example, for controlling aspects of communication with host computer 110 (e.g., via Bluetooth, Bluetooth LE, RF, IR, hardwired, ZigBee, Z-Wave, Logitech Unifying, or other communication protocols). Processor 210 may be local to the computer peripheral device (e.g., housed therein), external to the computer peripheral device (e.g., off-board processing via a corresponding main computing device), or a combination thereof. Processor 210 may cooperate with any other system block in system 200 to perform any of the various functions and methods described and / or covered by this disclosure. In some implementations, Figure 3The processor 302 may work in conjunction with the processor 210 to perform some or all of the various methods described throughout this disclosure. In some embodiments, multiple processors may be used to increase performance characteristics (e.g., speed and bandwidth) in the system 200; however, multiple processors are not necessary and are not necessarily closely related to the novelty of the embodiments described herein. Many variations, modifications, and alternative embodiments will be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0046] Memory block (“memory”) 220 may store one or more software programs to be executed by one or more processors (e.g., processor 210). It should be understood that “software” may refer to a sequence of instructions that, when executed by a processing unit (e.g., processor, processing device, etc.), cause system 200 to perform certain operations of the software program. The instructions may be stored as firmware residing in read-only memory (ROM) and / or as an application stored in a media storage device, which may be read into memory for execution by the processing device (e.g., processor 210). The software may be implemented as a single program or a collection of single programs and may be stored in a non-volatile storage device and copied, wholly or partially, to volatile working memory during program execution. In some embodiments, memory 220 may store data corresponding to inputs on computer peripherals, such as detected movement of computer peripherals, sensors (e.g., optical sensors, accelerometers, etc.), activation of one or more input elements (e.g., buttons, sliders, touch-sensitive areas, etc.). The stored data may be aggregated and sent to the main computing device via a report.

[0047] In some embodiments, memory 220 may store various data throughout the description herein. Memory 220 may be used to store any suitable data to perform any functions described herein and as will be understood by those skilled in the art who will benefit from this disclosure. Memory 220 may be referred to as a storage system or storage subsystem and may store one or more software programs to be executed by a processor (e.g., in processor 210). It should be understood that “software” may refer to a sequence of instructions that, when executed by a processing unit (e.g., processor, processing device, etc.), cause system 200 to perform certain operations of the software program. Instructions may be stored as firmware residing in read-only memory (ROM) and / or as applications stored in a media storage device, which may be read into memory for processing by the processing device. Software may be implemented as a single program or a collection of single programs and may be stored in a non-volatile storage device and copied wholly or partially to volatile working memory during program execution. The processing device may retrieve program instructions from the storage subsystem to perform various operations as described herein (e.g., software-controlled switching, etc.).

[0048] The power management system 230 can be configured to manage power distribution, recharging, power efficiency, etc. In some embodiments, the power management system 230 may include a battery (not shown), a Universal Serial Bus (USB)-based recharging system for the battery (not shown), power management devices (e.g., a voltage regulator—not shown), and a power grid within system 200 for providing power to each subsystem (e.g., communication block 240, etc.). In some embodiments, the functionality provided by the power management system 230 may be incorporated into processor 210. Alternatively, some embodiments may not include a dedicated power management block. For example, functional aspects of power management block 240 may be incorporated into or combined with other blocks (e.g., processor 210). The power source may be a replaceable battery, a rechargeable energy storage device (e.g., a supercapacitor, lithium polymer battery, NiMH, NiCd), or a wired power supply. The recharging system may be an additional cable (dedicated to recharging purposes), or the recharging system may use a USB connection to recharge the battery.

[0049] According to some embodiments, the communication system 240 can be configured to enable wireless communication with a corresponding main computing device (e.g., 110) or other devices and / or computer peripherals. The communication system 240 can be configured to provide radio frequency (RF), near field communication (NFC), and other communication capabilities. Logitech proprietary communication protocols (e.g., Unifying, Gaming Lightspeed, or others), infrared (IR), Z-Wave or other suitable communication technologies for communicating with other computing devices and / or peripherals. System 200 may optionally include a hardwired connection to the corresponding host computing device. For example, computer peripheral 140 may be configured to accept USB, Or other common types of cables to enable bidirectional electronic communication with the corresponding host computing device or other external devices. Some implementations may utilize different types of cables or connection protocol standards to establish hard-wired communication with other entities. In some aspects, communication ports (e.g., USB), power ports, etc., may be considered as part of other blocks described herein (e.g., input detection module 250, output control module 260, etc.). In some aspects, communication system 240 may send reports (e.g., HID data, streaming data, or aggregated data, etc.) generated by processor 210 to the host computing device. In some cases, reports may be generated solely by the processor, generated in conjunction with the processor, or generated by other entities in system 200. Communication system 240 may include one or more antennas, oscillators, etc., and may operate in any suitable frequency band (e.g., 2.4 GHz, etc.). Many modifications, variations, and alternative implementations will be understood by those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure.

[0050] Input detection module 250 can control the detection of user interactions with input elements on an input device. For example, as those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure will understand, input detection module 250 can detect user input from: motion sensors, keys or buttons (e.g., pressable elements), scroll wheels, trackballs, touchpads (e.g., one-dimensional and / or two-dimensional touch-sensitive touchpads), click wheels, dial pads, keyboards, microphones, GUIs, touch-sensitive GUIs, proximity sensors (e.g., IR sensing, thermal sensing, Hall effect sensing, inductive sensing, etc.), image sensor-based detection such as gesture detection (e.g., via a webcam), audio-based detection such as voice input (e.g., via a microphone), etc. Alternatively, the functionality of input detection module 250, or a subset thereof, may be incorporated into or combined with processor 210.

[0051] In some embodiments, the input detection module 250 can detect touches or touch gestures on one or more touch-sensitive surfaces on the keyboard 140. The input detection module 250 may include one or more touch-sensitive surfaces or touch sensors. Touch sensors typically include sensing elements adapted to detect signals such as direct contact, electromagnetic or electrostatic fields, or beams of electromagnetic radiation. Touch sensors can typically detect changes in received signals, the presence of a signal, or the absence of a signal. Touch sensors may include a source for emitting the detected signal, or the signal may be generated by an auxiliary source. Touch sensors may be configured to detect the presence of an object at a distance (e.g., <5 mm) from a reference area or reference point, contact with a reference area or reference point, or a combination thereof. Some embodiments of the computer peripheral device 140 may or may not utilize touch detection or touch sensing capabilities.

[0052] Input detection block 250 may include touch and / or proximity sensing capabilities. Some examples of touch / proximity sensor types may include, but are not limited to, resistive sensors (e.g., air-gap 4-wire based, carbon-loaded plastics with different electrical properties depending on pressure (FSR), interpolated FSR, strain gauges, etc.), capacitive sensors (e.g., surface capacitance, self-capacitance, mutual capacitance, etc.), optical sensors (e.g., grating type (default open or closed), infrared grating matrix, laser-based diodes coupled to a photodetector that can measure the time of flight of the optical path, etc.), acoustic sensors (e.g., piezoelectric buzzers coupled to a microphone to detect changes in wave propagation patterns associated with the touch point, etc.), inductive sensors, magnetic sensors (e.g., Hall effect, etc.), etc.

[0053] Input detection module 250 may include a motion tracking sub-block that can be configured to detect the relative displacement (motion tracking) of a computer peripheral device. For example, input detection module 250 may include optical sensors such as IR LEDs and photodiode imaging arrays to detect movement of the computer peripheral device relative to an underlying surface. The computer peripheral device may optionally include motion tracking hardware utilizing coherent (laser) light. Motion tracking can provide positional data (e.g., ΔX and ΔY data relative to the last sample) or lift detection data. For example, optical sensors may detect when a user lifts a computer peripheral device (e.g., computer mouse 130) off an underlying surface (also referred to as the "working surface") and this data may be sent to processor 210 for further processing. In some embodiments, as will be understood by those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure, processor 210, the motion tracking block (which may include an additional dedicated processor), or a combination thereof.

[0054] In some implementations, accelerometers can be used for motion detection. Accelerometers can be electromechanical devices (e.g., microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices) configured to measure accelerating forces (e.g., static and dynamic forces). One or more accelerometers can be used to detect three-dimensional (3D) positioning. For example, 3D tracking can utilize a triaxial accelerometer or two biaxial accelerometers (e.g., in a "3D air mouse," HMD, or other device). Accelerometers can also determine whether a computer peripheral has been lifted off a surface below and can provide motion data that may include the computer peripheral's velocity, physical orientation, and acceleration. In some implementations, a gyroscope can be used instead of an accelerometer, or a gyroscope can be used in conjunction with an accelerometer, to determine the orientation of a moving or input device. In some implementations, as described herein, input detection block 250 can control aspects of one or more sensing elements.

[0055] In some embodiments, the output control module 260 can control various outputs for corresponding computer peripherals. For example, the output control module 260 can control multiple visual output elements (e.g., LEDs, LCDs, or LED screens / keys), displays, audio output devices (e.g., speakers), haptic output systems, etc. Many modifications, variations, and alternative embodiments will be understood by those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure.

[0056] As will be understood by those skilled in the art, although certain systems may not be explicitly discussed, they should be considered as part of system 200. For example, system 200 may include a bus subsystem for transmitting power and / or data to and from different systems in system 200. It should be understood that system 200 is illustrative and can be varied and modified. System 200 may have other capabilities not specifically described herein. Furthermore, while system 200 is described with reference to specific blocks, it should be understood that these blocks are defined for ease of description and are not intended to imply a particular physical arrangement of the components. Moreover, these blocks do not need to correspond to physically different parts. Blocks may be configured (e.g., by programming a processor or providing an appropriate control circuitry) to perform various operations, and depending on how the initial configuration is obtained, various blocks may be reconfigurable or non-reconfigurable.

[0057] System 200 can be used entirely or partially (e.g., a subset of system blocks 210 to 260), or in conjunction with additional blocks, to implement the various inventive concepts described herein. In some cases, multiple systems 200 or portions thereof can be applied to a computer peripheral device. For example, some or all of the smart key switch embodiments described herein (see, for example) will be understood by those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure. Figures 6A to 9 This can include aspects of system 200 to control sensing (e.g., optical, inductive, magnetic, mechanical), communication via I / O lines (in some cases wireless communication), output control (e.g., LEDs, haptic, etc.), or any other aspect via blocks 210 to 260. Similarly, as will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art who benefits from this disclosure, implementations of the main PCB can utilize some or all aspects of system 200 to communicate with a smart switch (e.g., via a universal socket) having dedicated drive / sensing lines, as described in U.S. Application No. 18 / 457,974, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

[0058] Embodiments of the invention can be implemented in a variety of devices, including electronic devices (e.g., computer peripherals) implemented using any combination of circuit systems and software. Furthermore, aspects and / or portions of system 200 can be combined with or operated by other subsystems, depending on design requirements. For example, input detection module 250 and / or memory 220 can operate within processor 210, rather than as separate entities. Additionally, the inventive concepts described herein can be applied to any electronic device. Furthermore, system 200 can be applied to any computer peripheral described in the embodiments herein, whether explicitly, explicitly, or implicitly (e.g., those skilled in the art will know that it can be applied to a particular computer peripheral). The foregoing embodiments are not intended to be limiting, and those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure will appreciate numerous applications and possibilities.

[0059] Figure 3This is a simplified block diagram of a main computing device 300 according to certain embodiments. The main computing device 300 may implement some or all of the functions, behaviors, and / or capabilities described herein that will utilize electronic storage or processing, as well as other functions, behaviors, or capabilities not explicitly described. The main computing device 300 may include a processing subsystem (processor) 302, a storage subsystem 306, user interfaces 314, 316, and a communication interface 312. The computing device 300 may also include other components (not explicitly shown) such as a battery, a power controller, and other components operable to provide various enhanced capabilities. In various embodiments, the main computing device 300 may be implemented in any suitable computing device, such as a desktop or laptop computer (e.g., desktop 110), a mobile device (e.g., a tablet computer, smartphone, mobile phone), a wearable device, a media device, etc., or in some implementations in a peripheral device (e.g., a keyboard, etc.).

[0060] Processor 302 may include an MCU, microprocessor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), digital signal processor (DSP), digital signal processing device (DSPD), programmable logic device (PLD), field-programmable gate array (FPGA), processor, controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or electronic unit designed to perform the functions, functions, or combinations thereof described throughout this disclosure.

[0061] Storage subsystem 306 may be implemented using local storage devices and / or removable storage media such as disks, flash memory (e.g., Secure Digital Card, Universal Serial Bus flash drive), or any other non-transitory storage media or combinations thereof, and storage subsystem 306 may include volatile and / or non-volatile storage media. Local storage devices may include memory subsystem 308 or file storage subsystem 310, which may include one or more code modules. Memory subsystem 308 includes random access memory (RAM) 318 or read-only memory (ROM) 320, such as dynamic RAM (DRAM), static RAM (SRAM), synchronous dynamic RAM (e.g., DDR), or backup battery RAM. In some embodiments, storage subsystem 306 may store one or more application and / or operating system programs to be executed by processing subsystem 302, including programs to be executed using a computer to implement some or all of the above operations. For example, storage subsystem 306 may store one or more code modules for implementing one or more method steps described herein.

[0062] Firmware and / or software implementations can be implemented using modules (e.g., procedures, functions, etc.). Machine-readable media that tangibly embody instructions can be used in implementing the methods described herein. Code modules (e.g., instructions stored in memory) can be implemented within or outside the processor. As used herein, the term "memory" refers to long-term, short-term, volatile, non-volatile, or other types of storage media, and is not limited to any particular type of memory, any number of memories, or the type of memory on which media are stored.

[0063] Furthermore, the terms "storage medium" or "storage device" can refer to one or more memories used for storing data, including read-only memory (ROM), RAM, magnetic RAM, magnetic core memory, disk storage media, optical storage media, flash memory devices, and / or other machine-readable media used for storing information. The term "machine-readable medium" includes, but is not limited to, portable or fixed storage devices, optical storage devices, wireless channels, and / or various other storage media capable of storing instructions and / or data.

[0064] Furthermore, implementations can be carried out using hardware, software, scripting languages, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, and / or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, firmware, middleware, scripting languages, and / or microcode, program code or code segments for performing tasks can be stored in a machine-readable medium such as a storage medium. Code segments (e.g., code modules) or machine-executable instructions can represent processes, functions, subroutines, programs, routines, subroutines, modules, software packages, scripts, classes, or combinations of instructions, data structures, and / or program statements. Code segments can be coupled to another code segment or hardware circuitry by passing and / or receiving information, data, arguments, parameters, and / or memory contents. Information, arguments, parameters, data, etc., can be passed, forwarded, or transmitted by appropriate means—including memory sharing, messaging, token passing, network transmission, etc. These descriptions of software, firmware, storage media, etc., apply to systems 200 and 300 and any other implementations within the broad scope of this disclosure. In some embodiments, aspects of the invention (e.g., surface classification) may be executed by software stored in storage subsystem 306, in memory 220 of a computer peripheral device, or both. Many modifications, variations, and alternative implementations will be understood by those skilled in the art who will benefit from this disclosure.

[0065] The techniques, blocks, steps, and means described throughout this disclosure can be implemented in various ways. For example, these techniques, blocks, steps, and means can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination thereof. In a hardware implementation, the processing unit can be implemented within one or more ASICs, DSPs, DSPDs, PLDs, FPGAs, processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, other electronic units designed to perform the functions described above, and / or combinations thereof.

[0066] Each code module may include a set of instructions (code) embodied on a computer-readable medium, which instructs the processor of the main computing device 110 to execute corresponding actions. The instructions may be configured to execute sequentially, in parallel (e.g., under different processing threads), or a combination thereof. After the code modules are loaded onto a general-purpose computer system, the general-purpose computer is transformed into a special-purpose computer system.

[0067] Computer programs including the various features described herein (e.g., in one or more code modules) can be encoded and stored on various computer-readable storage media. The computer-readable medium encoding the program code can be packaged together with a compatible electronic device, or the program code can be provided separately from the electronic device (e.g., downloaded via the Internet or as a separately packaged computer-readable storage medium). Storage subsystem 306 can also store information useful for establishing network connections using communication interface 312.

[0068] Computer system 300 may include user interface input devices 314 (e.g., touchpad, touchscreen, scroll wheel, click wheel, dial pad, button, switch, keyboard, microphone, etc.), user interface output devices 316 (e.g., video screen, indicator lights, speaker, headphone jack, virtual or augmented reality display, etc.), and supporting electronic devices (e.g., digital-to-analog converter or analog-to-digital converter, signal processor, etc.). Users can operate the input devices of user interface 314 to invoke functions of computing device 300, and can view and / or hear output from computing device 300 via the output devices of user interface 316.

[0069] The processing subsystem 302 can be implemented as one or more processors (e.g., integrated circuits, one or more single-core or multi-core microprocessors, microcontrollers, central processing units, graphics processing units, etc.). In operation, the processing subsystem 302 can control the operation of the computing device 300. In some embodiments, the processing subsystem 302 can execute various programs in response to program code and can maintain multiple concurrently executing programs or processes. At a given time, some or all of the program code to be executed can reside in the processing subsystem 302 and / or storage medium such as the storage subsystem 304. Through programming, the processing subsystem 302 can provide various functions for the computing device 300. The processing subsystem 302 can also execute other programs for controlling other functions of the computing device 300, including programs that can be stored in the storage subsystem 304.

[0070] The communication interface (also referred to as the network interface) 312 can provide voice and / or data communication capabilities to the computing device 300. In some embodiments, the communication interface 312 may include radio frequency (RF) transceiver components for accessing wireless data networks (e.g., Wi-Fi networks, 3G, 4G / LTE, 5G, etc.), mobile communication technologies, components for short-range wireless communication (e.g., using Bluetooth communication standards, NFC, etc.), other components, or combinations of technologies. In some embodiments, in addition to or instead of a wireless interface, the communication interface 312 may also provide wired connectivity (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), Ethernet, Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter, etc.). The communication interface 312 can be implemented using a combination of hardware (e.g., driver circuitry, antenna, modulator / demodulator, encoder / decoder, and other analog and / or digital signal processing circuitry) and software components. In some embodiments, the communication interface 312 may support multiple communication channels simultaneously.

[0071] As will be understood by those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure, user interface input device 314 may include any suitable computer peripheral device (e.g., computer mouse, keyboard, game controller, remote control, stylus device, etc.). User interface output device 316 may include display devices (e.g., monitor, television, projector, etc.), audio devices (e.g., speakers, microphones), haptic devices, etc. Note that the user interface input and output devices are shown as part of an integrated system 300. In some cases, such as in a laptop computer, this may be where the keyboard and input elements, as well as the display and output elements, are integrated on the same main computing device. In some cases, such as Figure 1 As shown, the input and output devices can be separated from system 300. Many modifications, variations, and alternative implementations will be understood by those skilled in the art who will benefit from this disclosure.

[0072] It will be understood that computing device 300 is illustrative, and variations and modifications are possible. The main computing device may have various functions not specifically described (e.g., voice communication via a cellular telephone network) and may include components suited to such functions. While computing device 300 is described with reference to specific blocks, it should be understood that these blocks are defined for ease of description and are not intended to imply a specific physical arrangement of the components. For example, processing subsystem 302, storage subsystem 306, user interfaces 314, 316, and communication interface 312 may be in one device or distributed across multiple devices. Furthermore, these blocks do not need to correspond to physically different components. Blocks can be configured to perform various operations (e.g., by programming the processor or providing appropriate control circuitry), and depending on how the initial configuration is obtained, the various blocks may be reconfigurable or non-reconfigurable. Embodiments of the invention can be implemented in various devices, including electronic devices implemented using a combination of circuitry and software. The main computing device or even peripheral devices described herein can be implemented using system 300.

[0073] Universal Smart Key Switch and Adapter

[0074] Contemporary trends in keyed gaming devices (e.g., keyboards) include the use of analog key switches, enabling more functional options beyond the binary on / off states found in conventional mechanical variants. For example, some gaming keyboards now primarily implement three different types of switch detection: (1) electrical; (2) non-contact digital (e.g., optical); and (3) analog, and the novel smart switch technology described herein is compatible with all three. Sensing technology can be integrated and typically soldered onto the main PCB and interfaced with each key structure (with analog key switches) for analog sensing. Some embodiments of the invention fully integrate the sensing technology within the key switch itself, allowing for hot-swappable key switches to implement any desired sensing technology within the same keyboard, while maintaining compatibility with electrical switches on the market. Another benefit of this smart switch implementation, as described herein, is that the sensor can be entirely located within the key housing, making it insensitive to PCB or key frame displacement, a very common problem with contemporary pad-mount keyboards. Furthermore, the modularity and scalability of the smart switch concept offer several advantages in terms of sustainability. The switches can be easily replaced or upgraded, rather than replacing the entire keyboard. It's worth noting that the keyboard's main PCB is often a major source of CO2. Furthermore, a faulty analog sensor can be corrected by replacing only the faulty key switch in question, rather than replacing the entire keyboard. From a keyboard manufacturer's perspective, smart switches allow for very rapid implementation of various keyboard designs (e.g., ID or switch-mounted) based on a single stable platform. While smart switches offer significant value due to their pluggability, the architecture and platform viability remain effective and valuable for soldering switches as well.

[0075] Therefore, some implementations include keyboards with mechanical key switches having embedded sensing elements (e.g., optical, inductive, magnetic, capacitive, etc.) that, in addition to (or instead of) detection based on current contact, are typically configured to sense the displacement of a sensing target (“target”) of a plunger coupled to the key switch. In this case, specific drive electronics for the sensing element are configured to generate a signal (e.g., analog or digital) containing plunger displacement information (e.g., the magnitude of displacement, acceleration, etc.), which is also embedded on a substrate inside the key switch body, and the drive electronics and sensing element can be interfaced (e.g., powered, controlled, read, etc.) via a keyboard main circuitry (e.g., system 200), as further described below. In some cases, analog sensing functionality can also be implemented using a force sensor, as will be understood by those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure.

[0076] Figure 4AThe bottom side of a conventional printed circuit board (PCB) 400 for a keying device is shown. The PCB 400 includes analog sensing circuitry 410 on its bottom side and key switches 420 coupled to its top side. The PCB 400 is conventional in design because it includes some or all of the analog sensing circuitry system on its own. For example, it may include an infrared (IR) emitter and a photodetector, wherein the IR emitter can direct light away from a reflective surface coupled to the key switch plunger, or through a path that may be blocked by a shutter coupled to the key switch plunger. In such an implementation, the keyboard is limited to a specific sensing technology because the sensing technology is integrated and hardwired to the PCB 400.

[0077] Figure 4B A smart key switch 450 with fully integrated analog sensing is shown according to some embodiments. The smart key switch 450 may include a plunger 460, an analog sensing circuitry 470, current contacts 480, and input / output (I / O) pins 490. The analog sensing circuitry 470 is fully integrated within the key switch 450 and allows for replacement with smart key switches using different sensing technologies (e.g., inductive versus optical) because there are no compatibility issues with any sensing technology already hardwired to the corresponding main PCB, such as at least regarding... Figure 6B and Figure 7 Further described. Therefore, a smart key switch with fully integrated inductive analog sensing can replace another smart key switch with optical analog sensing or other suitable analog sensing technology, and can be implemented modularly when coupled to a universal smart key switch adapter, as at least as described below. Figure 11B Further described below. Some implementations can also modularly switch out the analog sensing technology and target in a particular smart key switch by replacing the internal PCB on which the analog sensing circuitry is integrated (described further below), and by cutting out the target by replacing the plunger, without having to replace the entire key body (housing) of the smart key switch. Smart key switches can save power and significantly reduce cost and material waste. For example, on a conventional keyboard, it is not necessary to use a dedicated analog sensor circuit configured under each key switch. In a keyboard with more than 100 keys, the number of circuitry and the associated power requirements can be significant. In contrast, smart key switches have fully self-contained analog sensing, allowing users to utilize the smart key switch only on the keys where they want the analog function (e.g., the WASD keys). In addition to the above benefits, adding logic to the key switch itself can enable faster scan rates, as further described below regarding digital smart switches.

[0078] Figure 5AA conventional PCB 500 is shown, in which the analog sensor circuitry 510 is configured and integrated at each key switch mounting location on the main PCB. Figure 5B A general-purpose PCB 550, according to certain embodiments, is shown configured to receive a standard or smart key switch on which no analog sensor circuitry is configured. The general-purpose PCB 550 includes a general-purpose receptacle mounting position 560 and a controller 570, each general-purpose receptacle mounting position 560 being configured to receive a general-purpose smart key switch adapter for modularly mounting / removing the smart key switch (see, for example, ...). Figure 11B The controller 570 is configured to facilitate the detection of key presses on any key switch in the keying device by the drive and sensing lines. A general-purpose PCB 550 can accommodate both smart key switches utilizing a 3-pin architecture as described herein and conventional mechanical (e.g., current-type) key switches utilizing a standard 2-pin architecture as further described below. In some implementations, some sockets may have more than three pins; however, such implementations may not be cost-effective or optimized.

[0079] Figure 6A A progressive cross-sectional view of a 2-pin standard mechanical key switch 600 is shown. The key switch 600 includes a plunger 610 and an insert having a first mechanical (e.g., current) contact 620 and a second mechanical (e.g., current) contact 630. The first mechanical contact 620 has a first I / O pin, and the second mechanical contact 630 has a second I / O pin. The first mechanical contact 620 may include a protrusion that contacts the second mechanical contact 630 when the plunger 610 is depressed. When the plunger 610 is depressed, the protrusion may provide resistance to the second mechanical contact 630, thereby producing a key feedback distribution (e.g., tactile, click, linear, etc.) based on the shape of the protrusion and the interaction between the first and second mechanical contacts. The first or second I / O pin may be coupled to a driver such that when the plunger is depressed and the first and second mechanical contacts contact, a circuit closes, which can be detected and interpreted as a key event. The key switch 600 may include a conventional 2-pin layout, wherein the first I / O pin and the second I / O pin are oriented to accommodate a standard current key switch, as will be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0080] Figure 6BA progressive cross-sectional view of a smart key switch 650 with fully integrated analog sensing according to certain embodiments is shown. The smart key switch 650 includes a plunger 660, a PCB 670 having a first branched I / O pin 672 and a second branched I / O pin 674, a mechanical contact 680 coupled to the PCB 670, and a current I / O pin 690. The smart key switch 650 has three I / O pins, two of which (672, 674) are configured in the same orientation as the standard 2-pin layout of a key switch 600. The PCB 670 integrates an analog sensing circuitry (e.g., an IR emitter and phototransistor, an induction coil, etc.). The plunger 660 may include (directly or indirectly coupled thereto) a target sensed by the analog sensing circuitry of the PCB 670, which may include a reflector or shutter for optical sensing, a conductor for inductive sensing, a magnet for magnetic sensing, etc., as further described below at least with respect to FIG8. The first branch I / O pin 672 is a multi-purpose I / O that can be used for analog or digital data transmission (e.g., input signals), for driving current circuits (e.g., contact-based key detection), and for key recognition, as described below. Figure 10 Further described. I / O pin 672 is bifurcated, with two conductive traces electrically isolated from each other. A second bifurcated I / O pin 674 is also a multi-purpose I / O that can be used for analog or digital data transmission (e.g., output signals) and for power supply (e.g., VCC) wiring. PCB 670 may include a current contact 680 that can provide tactile feedback (e.g., click, haptic, linear, etc. feedback distribution) and a conduction path for current button detection via the pin, i.e., I / O pin 674 and current contact 690. In some implementations, PCB 670 may be modular and non-destructive removable, allowing users to change, for example, an upgraded or different type of analog sensing technology simply by replacing one PCB 670 with another. In cases where the sensing technology changes (e.g., optical IR / PT becomes a Hall sensor), it may be necessary to change the plunger 660 (e.g., shutter becomes a magnet) to include appropriate targets to match the new sensing technology. From a manufacturing perspective, this can add value, as only the plunger and PCB may need to be changed between different switch versions. Therefore, the bottom and top shells of the switch can be produced in very high quantities at a low cost.

[0081] Figure 7A smart key switch 750 with integrated analog sensing is shown according to some embodiments. The key switch 750 includes: a plunger 760; a substrate (e.g., a PCB) 770; a target 772 directly or indirectly coupled to the plunger 760; an analog sensing element 774 integrated with the substrate 770; a current contact 780; interface pins 790 (e.g., three I / O pins) including two branched pins (each pin enabling two signals) and supporting a total of five signals (e.g., GND, input, output, VCC, and current pins) on the three I / O pins; and drive electronics 776 integrated with the substrate 770 that can drive the analog sensing and facilitate key switch identification. Identification can be important because all key switches have the same interface pins, and the system needs to know which key switch it should correctly communicate with via onboard sensing technology. The key switch 750 can be... Figure 4B , Figure 6B and Figure 8 to Figure 10 The key switches shown are the same or similar (e.g., similar architectures with the same or different analog sensing circuitry systems on substrate 770). Target 772 can be any suitable target type corresponding to the analog sensing circuitry system of sensing element 774. For example, for optical sensing, target 772 can be a reflector or shutter coupled to plunger 770. For inductive sensing, target 772 can be a conductive element coupled to plunger 770. The following discusses... Figure 8A Further examples are presented. In addition to analog sensing, some implementations of the key switch 750 may include contact-based detection via the current contact 780, or may not include contact-based detection and only include analog sensing (e.g., the substrate 770 may or may not include the current contact 780).

[0082] Figure 8A Simplified circuit diagrams of various analog sensing circuits for smart key switches according to certain embodiments are shown. Figure 8A The non-limiting analog sensing circuits described include standard switch-contact-based detection 800, optical sensing 810, inductive sensing 820, and magnetic switch sensing 830, but other types are also possible.

[0083] The detection 800 based on standard switch contact may include current detection via a metal plate coupled to a first contact 804 (the “GALVA” pin on metal plate 802). When the plunger is pressed, a second contact 806 (the “IN” pin) makes mechanical and electrical contact with the first contact 804, thereby instantiating a contact-based key press, as will be understood by those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure. In addition to the analog sensing circuitry in a hybrid key switch architecture, this circuitry can also be incorporated into a smart key switch.

[0084] According to some embodiments, the optical switch 810 may be a hybrid key switch incorporating both current and optical analog sensing. Optical sensing may be achieved via one or more light-emitting elements (e.g., infrared light-emitting diodes (“IR LEDs”)) and one or more light-detecting elements (e.g., photodetectors, phototransistors). A target may be coupled to a plunger and may include a reflector (e.g., reflecting light from the IR LED toward the photodetector) or a shutter (e.g., blocking light from the IR LED from reaching the photodetector). The positions of the plunger and the corresponding target can affect the amount of light reaching the light-detecting element, which may be related to the measured analog position of the plunger, as will be understood by those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure. The analog sensing circuitry, drive electronics, and current contacts may be mounted on a substrate (e.g., substrate 770) fully housed within the hybrid key switch, as described above regarding... Figure 7 As described, driving electronics for analog sensing may include resistors, transistors, diodes, or other discrete or integrated components, as will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art who benefits from this disclosure.

[0085] According to some embodiments, the inductive switch 820 may be an analog-only key switch or a hybrid key switch having both current and inductive analog sensing. Inductive sensing may be implemented via one or more self-sensors (e.g., coils). A target may be coupled to a plunger and may include conductive elements. The position of the plunger and the corresponding target can affect the amount of eddy current generated by the coil, which may be related to the measured analog position of the plunger, as will be understood by those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure. The analog sensing circuitry, drive electronics, and current contacts may be mounted on a substrate (e.g., PCB 770) fully housed within the hybrid key switch, as described above. Figure 7 As described, driving electronics for analog sensing may include resistors, transistors, diodes, or other discrete or integrated components, as will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art who benefits from this disclosure.

[0086] According to some embodiments, the magnetic switch 830 may be an analog-only key switch or a hybrid key switch having both current sensing and magnetic sensing. Magnetic sensing may be achieved via a Hall sensor. A target may be coupled to a plunger and may include magnetic elements. The positions of the plunger and the corresponding target can affect the amount of magnetic field detected by the Hall sensor, which may be related to the measured analog position of the plunger, as will be understood by those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure. Analog sensing circuitry (e.g., a Hall sensor in an integrated circuit (IC) package), drive electronics, and current contacts may be mounted on a substrate (e.g., PCB 770) fully housed within the hybrid key switch, as described above. Figure 7As described, driving electronics for analog sensing may include resistors, transistors, diodes, or other discrete or integrated components, as will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art who benefits from this disclosure.

[0087] Other analog sensing methods can be used to replace or combine with the various analog sensing schemes described above. For example, among other technologies, serial key switches, daisy-chain key switches, radio frequency (RF) key switches, and wireless key switches can be used, such as... Figures 8B to 8C As shown in the diagram. For example, using a serial key switch, current sensing can be combined with a mutual capacitance-based sensing element, both of which can be integrated on a substrate (e.g., PCB 770) for example, with a digital sensor IC (e.g., ASIC) for driving electronics. The corresponding dielectric element can be configured as a target. For example, using a daisy-chain key switch, current sensing can be combined with a time-of-flight (TOF) laser sensing element, both of which can be integrated on a substrate (e.g., PCB 770) for example, with a digital sensor IC (e.g., ASIC) for driving electronics. The corresponding reflector can be configured as a target. For example, using an RF key switch, current sensing can be combined with an optical IR-PT sensing element, both of which can be integrated on a substrate (e.g., PCB 770) for example, with a digital sensor IC (e.g., ASIC) for driving electronics. The corresponding reflector or shutter can be configured as a target. For example, using a wireless key switch like RF, current sensing can be combined with a TMR sensing element, both of which can be integrated on a substrate (e.g., PCB 770) for example, with a digital sensor IC (e.g., ASIC) for driving electronics. In some cases, the corresponding plastic (IME) can be used as a substrate to hold electronic devices and sensors. Many modifications, variations, and alternative implementations will be understood by those skilled in the art who will benefit from this disclosure.

[0088] It should be noted that while many of the novel designs described herein are configured to keep the pin count low for simple interfaces (e.g., receptacles) to connect key switches on a keyboard, some non-ideal designs may include four signal switches (e.g., VCC, GND, IN, OUT) for identification, current reading, and motion sensor reading. However, the four-signal version may have less than ideal performance issues. For example, the motion sensor may only be actuated when the key switch is closed (e.g., the system fails if the current fails), the motion sensing signal may be subject to bounce at the current contacts, and identification will only function when the switch is closed. Therefore, a five-signal key switch can have functional benefits when the current path (e.g., the GALV OUT pin) is separated from the motion sensor path (e.g., the IN pin), meaning that both can be read independently, and identification is still linked to the IN pin. In some implementations, the switch may have more pins, which would make actuation easier (e.g., each feature has its own pin), but could significantly increase complexity in terms of receptacle / pin connections and size, as well as PCB routing. The novelty of having multiple functions of signal or I / O on a key switch, as described herein, is advantageous not only at the switch level (e.g., where IN is used for current driving, motion sensor driving, and identification) but also at the keyboard level (where row I / O is used for both current reading and power control of the switch).

[0089] Figure 9 A simplified block diagram 900 is shown, illustrating several design options for a smart key switch structure according to certain embodiments. At a high level, block diagram 900 illustrates several design options in a smart key switch design including at least one mechanical keyboard key switch with an embedded sensing element configured to sense displacement of a target coupled to a plunger, in addition to or instead of current-contact-based detection. All specific drive electronics for the sensing element, configured to generate an analog or digital signal containing plunger displacement information, are also embedded on a substrate within the switch body. The drive electronics and sensing element can be interfaced (e.g., powered, controlled, read) via the keyboard main circuitry.

[0090] Figure 10The identification features of a smart key switch according to some embodiments are illustrated. Circuit 1010 includes a switch, a resistor R (or a network thereof), and a capacitor C (or a network thereof), wherein R can vary (e.g., from 10K ohms to 100K ohms). Circuit 1010 can be used to identify a specific key switch based on a discharge time constant controlled by the values ​​of R and C. Changing R in small increments (2K ohms to 5K ohms) between 10K ohms and 100K ohms will change the discharge time constant to a degree sufficient to measure the difference between the key switches, as shown in Figure 1030. In some embodiments, a comparator network 1040 can be used on a group of key switches (e.g., grouped by columns, rows, or other suitable grouping) to determine when the voltage across the capacitor discharges below a threshold voltage. This discharge time can be used to identify the correct key switch that is activated during a key press event (e.g., generating an analog output). In some embodiments, a resistor divider within the smart switch can be used, as it can make identification fairly easy using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) on the main processor. However, to achieve a cost-effective KBD architecture, the number of ADCs and the total number of analog inputs are typically adjusted. In some cases, digital identification can be used via an ASIC or MCU configured inside the key switch, where memory is provided for storing switch information. This information exchange between the switch and the MCU can be encrypted and used to authenticate the switch.

[0091] Figure 11A A standard socket 1110 and a corresponding PCB 1100 for a conventional design are shown. As illustrated, the socket 1110 is mounted on the keyboard PCB 1100 and includes a two-sub-socket interface in a conventional orientation and configuration, comprising column (col) contact pins 1112 and row contact pins 1114. The socket 1110 can accommodate a standard two-pin current key switch for contact-based current sensing, as well as... Figure 4A As shown. As those skilled in the art will understand from this disclosure, a standard two-pin current key switch typically includes pins configured on a first axis at a distance of 6.35 mm and on a second axis perpendicular to the first axis at a distance of 2.54 mm.

[0092] Figure 11B A universal socket 1160 for a smart key switch and a corresponding main keyboard PCB 1150 (or one of a plurality of local keyboard PCBs) are shown according to certain embodiments. The universal socket 1160 can be configured to... Figure 11B The connection to PCB 1150 is shown. The universal socket 1160 can be a hot-swappable interface and can include sub-socket layouts compatible with various key switch technologies, including standard two-pin current key switches (e.g., ...). Key switches, smart key switches (as described in this disclosure), etc. The general-purpose socket 1160 may include a first branched I / O sub-socket with two contacts 1162 / 1163, a second branched I / O sub-socket with two contacts 1164 / 1165, and a current I / O sub-socket 1166. The first branched I / O sub-socket is a multi-purpose I / O that can be used for analog or digital data transmission (e.g., input signals), for driving current circuits (e.g., contact-based key detection), and for key recognition. The first branched I / O sub-socket may be branched, wherein the two conductive traces (contacts 1162 / 1163) are electrically isolated from each other. In some embodiments, the first branched I / O sub-socket may be configured to receive (e.g., electrically coupled to and fixed). Figure 6B The smart key switch has a branched pin 672 or pin 674. The second branched I / O sub-receptacle can be branched, with the two conductive traces (contacts 1164 / 1165) electrically isolated from each other. In some embodiments, the second branched I / O sub-receptacle can be configured to receive (e.g., electrically coupled to and secured). Figure 6B The smart key switch uses either pin 672 or pin 674.

[0093] In summary, some implementations of the universal socket 1160 have three I / O sub-sockets. When the universal socket 1160 is coupled to a conventional 2-pin key switch (e.g., see...), Figure 6A When the current I / O pin 1166 and the two contacts 1164 / 1165 (or 1162 / 1163) are combined, the current I / O pin 1166 can operate as a COL line and ROW line for driving and sensing, as per conventional key switch operation. When the universal socket 1160 is coupled to a 3-pin smart key switch, as described herein (see, for example, see...), the combination of the current I / O pin 1166 and the two contacts 1164 / 1165 (or 1162 / 1163) can operate as a COL line and ROW line for driving and sensing, as per conventional key switch operation. Figures 6B to 7 By utilizing additional contacts to interface with the smart key switch using signals including GND, IN (input) data, OUT (output) data, current contacts, and VCC, the first branch contact, the second branch contact, and the current contact can be configured as follows: Figure 11BThe operation is illustrated. The input data lines may include a drive IN signal, a drive current pin, and a multi-purpose I / O for key switch identification. Input and output data may be analog data or 2-wire digital data. Some embodiments may employ additional pins and / or circuitry to facilitate any suitable functionality, including wireless communication with each key switch. For example, the embodiments described herein include a forked sub-socket; however, it should be understood that a sub-socket may have more than two contacts, and may employ three (e.g., three-pronged), four (four-pronged), five, or more contacts on a single sub-socket, and the connections of the sub-socket contacts may be configured in any suitable manner (e.g., I / O, power, identification, etc.). Furthermore, the universal socket proposed herein may have any suitable shape, sub-socket layout, etc. Many modifications, variations, and alternative embodiments will be understood by those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure.

[0094] Figure 12 A simplified block diagram 1200 of a universal adapter (e.g., a socket) according to certain embodiments is shown. At a high level, block diagram 1200 illustrates multiple design options in a universal key switch adapter design that includes various aspects of a mechanical keyboard platform, where the key switches can be mounted on a universal interface that allows the use of any key switch sensing technology (e.g., current, light, magnetism, inductance, capacitance) at any location on the keyboard. In this case, no sensing technology is mounted on the main keyboard PCB itself below the key switches. For any key switch sensing technology, the universal adapter and the main keyboard PCB can drive and read information about the plunger position of each key switch sensed from within the key switches (e.g., having two or more values ​​for that position), and power the switches when needed. Signals sent to and / or received from the key switches can be digital or analog, or a combination thereof.

[0095] Figure 13 A simplified circuit diagram 1300 of a general-purpose keyboard according to some embodiments is shown. Figure 13Some of the main functions of the circuit diagram shown can be implemented based on a matrix to allow individual access to each smart switch with a minimal number of lines / signals. Rows can be individually powered via a "virtual ground" (e.g., using a MOSFET for each switch, but controlled only by the row), and columns can be selected directly via MCU GPIO. The outputs of all smart switches can then be connected together. Another implementation can use a multiplexer, where rows are scanned via a MUX; however, this can take longer (e.g., MUX channel switching) and increase system cost. Some implementations use MOSFETs for each switch, which can be on the main PCB. The virtual GND MOSFET can also be located inside the switch. To still be able to quickly read the current switch state (e.g., for current switches or hybrid switches), the row implementation is enabled to allow the same pin to be used for current preparation and switch addressing (via the virtual ground described above).

[0096] Figure 14 A graph showing the dynamic scan sampling rate for different scanning methods according to certain implementations is shown. The advantage of a smart switch is its ability to be individually addressed. Hardware (HW) features allow the firmware (FW) to determine which key switches to sample, and only when necessary. This method is based on three phases: (1) scanning the current matrix to determine which keys are pressed; (2) sampling only the pressed keys for their analog or digital values. Typically, analog keyboards can require very long scan times due to the analog nature of the signals (requiring an ADC) and the number of switches that need to be scanned. Individual dynamic scanning methods allow for very high reporting rates when only a limited number of switches are pressed. This means that if the number of keys pressed simultaneously is limited (e.g., <10), smart switch dynamic scanning is significantly faster than typical implementations.

[0097] Figure 15 A general-purpose main PCB with additional power contacts, a 3-pin socket, a switch for backlighting, and alignment features, according to certain embodiments, is shown. The additional power contacts may include exposed pads (e.g., GND or VCC), which may be used, for example, for an "always-on" switch or module. The 3-pin socket may include holes for the socket. The switch for backlighting may have LED pads on the main PCB. The alignment features may be holes for plastic pins and may be used, for example, to protect electrical connector pins and for example, for compatibility with standard 5-pin switches.

[0098] Alternative implementation methods

[0099] In some embodiments, the various smart switches described herein place a substrate (e.g., a PCB) vertically within the housing of the key structure. Alternatively, some embodiments may utilize a horizontally oriented substrate disposed below the key structure. In some aspects, the substrate may also remain separate below the switch, but this increases thickness. The horizontally oriented design is compatible with contemporary sensor designs and can use a variety of switch designs, including but not limited to analog switches with magnetic, optical, capacitive, or inductive fields, or other analog switches that a person of ordinary skill in the art will understand from this disclosure. Some benefits of the modular design are that the switch can avoid typical keyboard design problems such as pad tolerances and stacking tolerances. In some cases, metal pins can be more robust than the PCB pins of the smart switch.

[0100] Overview of some implementation methods

[0101] (1) Smart switch = housing + plunger + motion sensor + substrate ("PCB in the switch")

[0102] a) Motion sensor

[0103] i. Digital / Analog Sensing Only

[0104] 1. Analog output:

[0105] a. Magnetic (Hall effect, TMR, ...), Inductance, Capacitance, Optics

[0106] resistance

[0107] 2. Digital output:

[0108] a. Magnetic (Hall effect, TMR, ...), Inductance, Capacitance, Optics

[0109] ii. Hybrid Implementation

[0110] 1. In addition to analog sensing, there is also a built-in current contact in the housing.

[0111] 2. Possible current contact before or after analog / digital sensing.

[0112] a. An electrical contact is triggered as soon as the user begins to touch the switch, thus activating / waking up the motion sensor throughout its entire range of motion.

[0113] 3. Current contact can occur simultaneously with analog / digital sensing.

[0114] b) Alternative sensors

[0115] i. Smart switches may also include force sensors.

[0116] (1) Force sensing can be performed at the bottom of the switch.

[0117] (2) Force sensing can be performed at the keycap level.

[0118] c) A substrate with electrical traces and capable of soldering active components.

[0119] (1) The switch comprises one or more circuit boards (PCBs).

[0120] (2) A substrate with a vertically and / or horizontally mounted motion sensor

[0121] (3) Electronic devices

[0122] (1) The switch may or may not contain driving electronics.

[0123] (2) The switch may or may not contain a processor.

[0124] (4) Motion + drive electronics can be a single custom ASIC

[0125] (1) Motion + drive + processor are combined in a single ASIC.

[0126] (Allows extremely high refresh rates)

[0127] d) Keyboard smart switches may also include active haptic feedback.

[0128] e) The smart switch keyboard architecture can be used for hot-swappable implementations, but it is also effective for soldered switches. (This allows keyboard manufacturers to quickly release keyboard variants, preventing recertification of releases, etc., CE / FCC)

[0129] f) The smart switch may also include one or more RGB lighting features.

[0130] g) Intelligent switches can be implemented in low-profile or high-profile mechanical switches.

[0131] (2) Keyboard switches with identification features

[0132] 1. Allows for switch / technology-specific communication protocols, which may be important for smart switch platforms / architectures. 2. The same wire is used to drive the analog motion sensor and to identify the switch type.

[0133] 3. Identification can be made using resistors that limit the discharge current to provide different RC constants between switch types.

[0134] 4. Identification features can be based on onboard memory.

[0135] 5. Identifiers can be encrypted and used for switch authentication.

[0136] 3) 3+ pin universal socket

[0137] 1. A three-pin socket with two aligned pins, while retaining two standard pins (compatible with standard sockets).

[0138] (1) Two aligned pins allow a simple substrate (e.g., PCB) to slide into the housing.

[0139] 2. An additional power plane (grounded or supplied) can be placed below the switch to easily "always-on" power connection via connectors (e.g., pogo pins, etc.).

[0140] 4) Five signals on three pins

[0141] 1. The substrate serves as the connection interface to the main PCB.

[0142] 2. Different signals are carried on both sides of the PCB / substrate.

[0143] 3. The substrate connection pins can be even more complex, and each pin can carry even more signals 2+.

[0144] 5) Electronic circuit / schematic diagram for various switch types of interfaces

[0145] 1. All smart switches can be addressed individually.

[0146] (1) They can all be powered individually.

[0147] (2) They can all share the same output.

[0148] (3) They can all be powered at the same time.

[0149] 2.Communication

[0150] (1) Four-signal solution with current-connected internal analog drive signal (input)

[0151] (2) Five-signal solution with separate analog and current signals

[0152] (3) Five+ signal solution

[0153] (4) Communication can be a daisy chain between switches.

[0154] 6) Dynamic scanning of a single key

[0155] 1. Use only the analog function to scan keys that are detected as off by current input.

[0156] 2. Compared to typical analog scanning methods, individually addressed keys allow for extremely high refresh rates.

[0157] 7) New HMI on the keyboard slot

[0158] 1. The socket can be used as an interface for other types of input: knobs, touch buttons, joysticks, rockers, 2D touch panels, fingerprint sensors, RFID (NFC) readers in switches, lighting features, proximity sensors, etc.

[0159] 2. A security switch with an encryption key for KB or computer login / authentication.

[0160] 8) Multi-slot keyboard module for new HMIs

[0161] 1. A socket capable of housing modules with more than one slot.

[0162] 2. When multiple slots are used, the communication path is enhanced and allows for additional communication protocols (e.g., communicating with an input device via multiple slots).

[0163] 3. Potential modules: display (e.g., E-Ink, OLED), fader, joystick, knob, fingerprint sensor, ambient sensor, microphone, speaker, touchpad, etc.

[0164] 9) Wireless smart switch

[0165] 1. Smart switches can be powered by a socket, but communication can be done wirelessly.

[0166] 2. Electricity can also be supplied "wirelessly" through sensing.

[0167] 3. The keyboard does not require a main MCU, and all wireless keys communicate directly with the host.

[0168] Digital smart switch

[0169] By default, some implementations may not have a processor in the key switch. However, some implementations with an onboard processor can have a motion sensor + processor for digital communication with the processor within the key switch, and the activation threshold (or detection algorithm) can be set directly on the key switch processor. Therefore, value position can be processed, and only on / off signals can be provided to the main MCU, instead of transmitting analog values ​​(which might be slower to be processed by the main MCU on the main PCB). This means that the limitation of the main MCU ADC conversion speed (typically reducing the reporting rate to 1kHz to 2kHz) is eliminated, and very high reporting rates of 16kHz or even 32kHz can be achieved. In some respects, all of the above can be integrated into a custom ASIC.

[0170] Non-switching module

[0171] In some aspects, an additional grounding pad can be added to the top side of the PCB to support the addition of spring pins to the smart switch. Some smart key switches with more complex switching systems may include a top-mounted knob (e.g., a rotary encoder), a top-mounted joystick, etc. Such larger switches can use multiple socket slots (e.g., they can still be mounted in the aforementioned universal sockets, but above multiple socket slots) and may include features such as a top-mounted rocker, analog attenuator, OLED or e-ink screen, touch panel, etc. Many modifications, variations, and alternative implementations will be understood by those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure.

[0172] Miscellaneous design considerations

[0173] In some implementations, it is used to drive a motion sensor (e.g., Figure 7 The driving electronics can be housed within the housing, as presented above; however, some implementations may place the driving electronics or a portion thereof outside the key switch housing. In some cases, as those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure will understand, any suitable substrate can be used for the key switch, including PCBs, flexible PCBs, films, in-mold electronics (IMEs) (e.g., embedded circuitry that can be configured within plastic, wherein embedded traces and / or small electrical components are integrated on the plastic (e.g., housing) without requiring a PCB, FPC, film, etc.), or other substrates with electrical traces. In some cases, the motion sensor system may alternatively or additionally include a force sensor system using FSRs, strain gauges, etc. Some embodiments may use capacitive sensing, inductive sensing, optical sensing, magnetic sensing, or other suitable methods capable of motion sensing. As those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure will understand, some embodiments using magnetic sensing may use Hall effect sensors, TMR sensors, etc.

[0174] Most implementations utilize at least one network familiar to those skilled in the art that supports communication using any of a variety of commercially available protocols such as TCP / IP, UDP, OSI, FTP, UPnP, NFS, CIFS, etc. This network can be, for example, a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a virtual private network (VPN), the Internet, an intranet, an extranet, a public switched telephone network (PSTN), an infrared network, a wireless network, and any combination thereof.

[0175] In implementations utilizing a web server as an operational or security server, the web server can run any of a variety of server or middleware applications, including HTTP servers, FTP servers, CGI servers, data servers, Java servers, and business application servers. The server can also respond to requests from user devices, for example, by executing one or more applications that can be implemented in any programming language or any scripting language and combinations thereof, including but not limited to... C, C#, or C++, and scripting languages ​​such as Perl, Python, or TCL. The server may also include a database server, including but not limited to those that can access databases from... and Those servers purchased commercially.

[0176] Such devices may also include computer-readable storage medium readers, communication devices (e.g., modems, (wireless or wired) network cards, infrared communication devices, etc.), and working memory as described above. The computer-readable storage medium reader may be connected to or configured to receive non-transitory computer-readable storage media, thereby representing remote, local, fixed, and / or removable storage devices, as well as storage media for temporarily and / or more permanently containing, storing, transmitting, and retrieving computer-readable information. Systems and various devices will also typically include numerous software applications, modules, services, or other elements residing within at least one working memory device, including operating systems and applications such as client applications or browsers. It should be understood that alternative implementations may have many variations based on the above-described implementations. For example, custom hardware may be used and / or specific elements may be implemented in hardware, software (including portable software, such as applets), or both. Furthermore, connections to other computing devices, such as network input / output devices, may be employed.

[0177] This document sets forth numerous specific details to provide a thorough understanding of the claimed subject matter. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the claimed subject matter can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, methods, apparatus, or systems known to those of ordinary skill in the art have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the claimed subject matter. The various embodiments shown and described are provided merely as examples to illustrate the various features of the claims. However, the features shown and described with respect to any given embodiment are not necessarily limited to the associated embodiments and can be used or combined with other embodiments shown and described. Furthermore, the claims are not intended to be limited to any of the exemplary embodiments.

[0178] Although the subject matter has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments of the invention, it will be understood that those skilled in the art, upon gaining an understanding of the foregoing, will readily generate changes, modifications, and equivalents to such embodiments. Therefore, it should be understood that it will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that this disclosure is presented for illustrative purposes rather than limiting, and does not exclude such modifications, variations, and / or additions to the subject matter. In fact, the methods and systems described herein can be embodied in various other forms; furthermore, various omissions, substitutions, and changes can be made to the form of the methods and systems described herein without departing from the spirit of this disclosure. The appended claims and their equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications that fall within the scope and spirit of this disclosure.

[0179] While this disclosure provides certain exemplary implementations and applications, other implementations that will be apparent to those skilled in the art, including implementations that do not provide all the features and advantages set forth herein, are also within the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the scope of this disclosure is intended to be limited only by reference to the appended claims.

[0180] Unless otherwise expressly stated, it should be understood that throughout this specification, discussions using terms such as “processing,” “calculation,” “operation,” “determine,” and “identify” refer to the actions or processing of a computing device, such as one or more computers or similar electronic computing devices, which manipulate or convert data represented as physical electronic or magnetic quantities within the memory, registers, or other information storage, transmission, or display devices of a computing platform.

[0181] The one or more systems discussed herein are not limited to any particular hardware architecture or configuration. A computing device may include any suitable arrangement of components that provides a result conditioned on one or more inputs. Suitable computing devices include multi-purpose microprocessor-based computer systems that access stored software that programs or configures a computing system from a general-purpose computing device to a dedicated computing device that implements one or more embodiments of this subject matter. The teachings contained herein can be implemented in the software used for programming or configuring the computing device using any suitable programming, scripting, or other type of language or combination of languages.

[0182] Implementations of the methods disclosed herein can be performed within the operation of such a computing device. The order of the boxes presented in the above examples can be varied—for example, the boxes can be reordered, grouped, and / or divided into sub-boxes. Some boxes or processes can be executed in parallel.

[0183] Unless otherwise specifically stated or otherwise understood in the context in which they are used, the conditional language used herein, such as in particular “can,” “able to,” “may,” “for example,” etc., is generally intended to express that some examples include certain features, elements, and / or steps while other examples do not. Therefore, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that one or more examples require features, elements, and / or steps in any way, or that one or more examples must include logic for determining, with or without author input or prompts, whether such features, elements, and / or steps are included in any particular example or to be performed in any particular example.

[0184] The terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” etc., are synonyms and are used inclusively in an open manner, without excluding additional elements, features, actions, operations, etc. Furthermore, the term “or” is used in its inclusive sense (rather than in its exclusive sense), such that, for example, when “or” is used to connect a list of elements, it means one, some, or all of the elements in the list. The use of “suitable for” or “configured to” herein is an open and inclusive language, which does not exclude means suitable for or configured to perform additional tasks or steps. Additionally, the use of “based on” is open and inclusive, because processing, steps, operations, or other actions “based on” one or more of the stated conditions or values ​​may actually be based on additional conditions or values ​​beyond those stated. Similarly, the use of “at least partially based on” is open and inclusive, because processing, steps, operations, or other actions “at least partially based on” one or more of the stated conditions or values ​​may actually be based on additional conditions or values ​​beyond those stated. The headings, lists, and numbers included herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be limiting.

[0185] The various features and processes described above can be used independently of each other or in combination in various ways. All possible combinations and sub-combinations are intended to fall within the scope of this disclosure. Additionally, in some embodiments, certain methods or processing blocks may be omitted. The methods and processes described herein are not limited to any particular order, and the blocks or states associated with them may be executed in other suitable orders. For example, the described blocks or states may be executed in an order other than that specifically disclosed, or multiple blocks or states may be combined into a single block or state. Example blocks or states may be executed serially, in parallel, or in some other manner. Blocks or states may be added to or removed from the disclosed examples. Similarly, the example systems and components described herein may be configured differently from those described. For example, elements may be added, removed, or rearranged compared to the disclosed examples.

Claims

1. A universal key switch socket, the universal key switch socket being configured to be coupled to a key switch, the key switch socket comprising: A first sub-socket, configured to receive a first pin of the key switch, the first sub-socket having at least two electrically isolated electrical contacts, the first sub-socket being operable to receive multiple signals up to the number of electrically isolated electrical contacts; as well as A second sub-socket is configured to receive a second pin of the key switch, and the second sub-socket is operable to receive a single signal from the key switch.

2. The universal key switch socket according to claim 1, wherein, The first sub-socket is electrically branched and includes: A first contact portion, the first contact portion being configured to be coupled to a power supply pin; and The second contact portion is configured to operate as a multi-purpose input / output (I / O) pin.

3. The universal key switch socket according to claim 2, wherein, The second contact portion of the first sub-socket is operable to couple an input data signal to the key switch, wherein the input data signal is analog or digital 2-wire data.

4. The universal key switch socket according to claim 3, wherein, The second contact portion of the first sub-socket is also capable of operating the current portion that electrically drives the key switch.

5. The universal key switch socket according to claim 4, wherein, The second contact portion of the first sub-socket is also operable to receive identification data from the key switch.

6. The universal key switch socket of claim 1 further includes a third sub-socket configured to receive a third pin of the key switch, the third sub-socket having at least two electrically isolated electrical contacts, the third sub-socket being operable to receive a plurality of signals up to the number of electrically isolated electrical contacts.

7. The universal key switch socket according to claim 6, wherein, The second sub-socket is electrically branched and includes: The first contact portion of the second sub-socket is configured to be coupled to a second power supply pin; and The second contact portion of the second sub-socket is operable to receive an output data signal from the key switch.

8. The universal key switch socket according to claim 7, wherein, The output data signal is analog or digital 2-wire data.

9. The universal key switch socket according to claim 7, wherein, The second sub-socket is operable to the current portion electrically coupled to the key switch.

10. The universal key switch socket according to claim 9, wherein, The universal key switch socket is configured to be coupled to the bottom side of a printed circuit board (PCB) such that the first sub-socket, the second sub-socket, and the third sub-socket protrude through holes in the PCB to the top side of the PCB to receive the key switch.

11. The universal key switch socket according to claim 9, wherein, Two of the three sub-sockets of the universal key switch socket are capable of mating with a 2-pin key switch having pins arranged at a distance of 6.35 mm on a first axis and at a distance of 2.54 mm on a second axis perpendicular to the first axis.

12. A universal key switch socket configured to be coupled to a key switch, the key switch socket comprising: A first sub-socket, configured to receive a first pin of the key switch, the first sub-socket having at least two electrically isolated electrical contacts, the first sub-socket being operable to receive multiple signals up to the number of electrically isolated electrical contacts; as well as A second sub-receptacle, configured to receive a second pin of the key switch, is operable to receive a single signal from the key switch. The first sub-socket is electrically branched and includes: A first contact portion, the first contact portion being configured to be coupled to electrical ground; and The second contact portion is configured to operate as a multi-purpose input / output (I / O) pin.

13. The universal key switch socket according to claim 12, wherein, The second contact portion of the first sub-socket is operable to couple an input data signal to the key switch.

14. The universal key switch socket according to claim 13, wherein, The second contact portion of the first sub-socket is also capable of operating the current portion that electrically drives the key switch.

15. The universal key switch socket according to claim 14, wherein, The second contact portion of the first sub-socket is also operable to receive identification data or digital 2-wire data from the key switch.

16. A universal key switch socket configured to be coupled to a key switch, the key switch socket comprising: A first sub-socket, configured to receive a first pin of the key switch, has at least two electrically isolated electrical contacts and is operable to receive multiple signals from up to the number of electrically isolated electrical contacts. The first sub-socket is electrically branched and includes: A first contact portion, the first contact portion being configured to be coupled to electrical ground; and The second contact portion is configured to operate as a multi-purpose input / output I / O pin, and The second contact portion of the first sub-socket is operable to couple an input data signal to the key switch.

17. The universal key switch socket of claim 16, further comprising a second sub-socket configured to receive a second pin of the key switch, the second sub-socket having at least two electrically isolated electrical contacts, the second sub-socket being operable to receive a plurality of signals up to the number of electrically isolated electrical contacts.

18. The universal key switch socket according to claim 17, wherein, The second sub-socket is electrically branched and includes: The first contact portion of the second sub-socket is configured to be coupled to a power source; and The second contact portion of the second sub-socket is operable to receive an output data signal from the key switch.

19. The universal key switch socket according to claim 18, wherein, The input data signal and the output data signal are analog or digital two-wire data.

20. The universal key switch socket according to claim 18, wherein, The second sub-socket is operable to the current portion electrically coupled to the key switch.

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