A cooling system of an energy storage device, a control method of the cooling system, and an energy storage power station

Abstract

This application relates to the field of energy storage technology, specifically a cooling system for an energy storage device, a control method for the cooling system, and an energy storage power station. The cooling system includes a water storage device, an energy storage device, a water replenishment device, and a drainage device. The water storage device stores a first cooling medium, and the energy storage device houses a battery pack. The two are interconnected via a water supply section and a water return section to form a circulation loop. The water replenishment device is used to replenish the first cooling medium from an external water source into the water storage device, and the drainage device is used to discharge the first cooling medium from the circulation loop to the external environment. In a first operating mode, the cooling system cools the battery pack using the stored first cooling medium. In a second operating mode, a portion of the first cooling medium flowing back to the water storage device is discharged, and the replenished first cooling medium further cools the battery pack, achieving a continuous and stable cooling effect on the battery pack. This helps reduce energy consumption while minimizing noise during operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to a cooling system for an energy storage device, a control method for the cooling system, and an energy storage power station. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, energy storage devices contain multiple battery packs. During charging and discharging, these packs generate heat, causing the overall temperature to rise. If the temperature of the battery packs is not controlled, it can lead to bulging, smoking, spontaneous combustion, or even explosion, damaging the energy storage device. Therefore, cooling the battery packs is necessary to prevent safety hazards such as thermal runaway.

[0003] In existing technologies, energy storage devices typically employ liquid cooling and / or air cooling to cool the battery pack. Air cooling mainly uses blowers to directly or indirectly dissipate heat from the battery pack. However, during operation, the blowers need to be kept at high power, which can easily generate significant noise and thus affect the surrounding environment of the energy storage device. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, this application provides a cooling system for an energy storage device, a control method for the cooling system, and an energy storage power station to solve the technical problem that the cooling system of an energy storage device generates a large amount of noise during operation, which affects the surrounding environment.

[0005] This application provides a cooling system for an energy storage device. The cooling system includes a water storage device and an energy storage device. The water storage device stores a first cooling medium, and the energy storage device houses a battery pack. The outlet of the water storage device and the inlet of the energy storage device are connected via a water conveyance section, and the outlet of the energy storage device is connected to a first return water inlet of the water storage device via a return water section. The cooling system also includes a water replenishment device. The inlet of the water replenishment device is connected to an external water source, and the outlet of the water replenishment device is connected to the inlet of the water storage device, for replenishing the first cooling medium from the external water source into the water storage device. The cooling system also includes a drainage device. The inlet of the drainage device is connected to the return water section, and the outlet of the drainage device is connected to the external environment, for discharging the first cooling medium flowing back to the water storage device to the external environment.

[0006] The battery pack has a temperature of T0, and the cooling system is set with a first temperature threshold T1 and a second temperature threshold T2, and T1 and T2 satisfy T1 < T2.

[0007] When T0 and T1 satisfy T0 < T1, the energy storage device is in the open state, the drainage device and the water replenishment device are in the closed state, and the cooling system directly or indirectly cools the battery pack through the stored first cooling medium, so that the cooling system is in the first working mode.

[0008] When T0, T1 and T2 satisfy T1≤T0<T2, the energy storage device, drainage device and water replenishment device are in the open state, the cooling system discharges at least part of the first cooling medium flowing back to the water storage device, and directly or indirectly cools the battery pack through the replenished first cooling medium, so that the cooling system is in the second working mode.

[0009] When T0 and T2 satisfy T0≥T2, the energy storage device is in the off state, the drainage device and the water replenishment device are in the on state, the cooling system discharges all the first cooling medium flowing back to the water storage device, and directly or indirectly cools the battery pack through the replenished first cooling medium, so that the cooling system is in the third working mode.

[0010] The beneficial effects of this embodiment are as follows: the cooling system only needs to replace a portion of the first cooling medium to achieve continuous and effective cooling of the battery pack, allowing the battery pack to maintain stable performance even during long-term operation. This helps extend the operating time of the energy storage device, reduces the number of downtimes, and thus improves the operating efficiency of the energy storage device. Simultaneously, replacing the first cooling medium is simple to operate and quick to take effect, eliminating the need for secondary cooling of the stored first cooling medium through other methods (such as air cooling with a blower or heat exchange with refrigerant). This saves time waiting for the stored first cooling medium to return to its initial temperature, further improving the efficiency of the cooling system. Furthermore, replacing the first cooling medium can reduce or even eliminate noise generated during operation, improving the comfort of the surrounding environment. It also helps reduce the number of components in the cooling system, simplifying space layout and reducing design complexity. Compared to other methods, replacing the first cooling medium reduces energy consumption, thereby lowering the operating costs of the cooling system.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the cooling system further includes a control device and a first detection device, wherein the control device is signal-connected to the first detection device and signal-connected to the water storage device, the energy storage device, the water replenishment device, and the drainage device, respectively.

[0012] The first detection device is installed inside the water storage device to detect the temperature of the battery pack. The control device is used to control the cooling system to be in a first working mode, a second working mode, or a third working mode based on the detection result of the first detection device.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the cooling system further includes a second detection device, and the control device is signal-connected to the second detection device. The second detection device is disposed in the water storage device and is used to detect the liquid level of the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device. The control device is used to control the ratio of water replenishment and drainage of the cooling system, as well as the opening or closing of the water replenishment device and / or drainage device, according to the detection results of the first detection device and / or the second detection device.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the water replenishment amount of the water replenishment device is Q1, the water discharge amount of the drainage device is Q2, the liquid level of the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device is H0, and the cooling system is also provided with a first liquid level threshold H1, a second liquid level threshold H2, and a second temperature threshold T2.

[0015] When T0, T1, and T2 satisfy T1≤T0<T2, and H0, H1, and H2 satisfy H1≤H0≤H2, Q1 and Q2 satisfy Q1 / Q2=1.

[0016] When T0, T1, and T2 satisfy T1≤T0<T2, and H0 and H1 satisfy H0

[0017] When T0, T1, and T2 satisfy T1≤T0<T2, and H0 and H2 satisfy H0>H2, Q1 and Q2 satisfy 0.6≤Q1 / Q2≤0.8.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the level of the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device is H0, and the cooling system is further provided with a first liquid level threshold H1 and a second liquid level threshold H2.

[0019] When H0 < H1, the energy storage device and water replenishment device are in the open state, and the drainage device is in the closed state.

[0020] When H0 and H2 satisfy H0 > H2, the energy storage device and drainage device are in the open state, and the water replenishment device is in the closed state.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the cooling system further includes a heat dissipation branch, the inlet of which is connected to the return water section, the outlet of which is connected to the second return water port of the water storage device, and the heat dissipation branch is equipped with a natural cooler for cooling the first cooling medium flowing back to the water storage device.

[0022] Along the flow direction of the first cooling medium, the inlet of the heat dissipation branch is located upstream of the inlet of the drainage device.

[0023] ​In one possible implementation, the cooling system further includes a first control valve and a second control valve. The first control valve is located in the return water section and between the inlet of the heat dissipation branch and the inlet of the drainage device, and is used to control the partial opening and closing of the return water section. The second control valve is located in the heat dissipation branch and between the outlet of the energy storage device and the inlet of the natural cooler, and is used to control the opening and closing of the heat dissipation branch.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the cooling system further includes a fire branch, the inlet of which is connected to the water supply section, the outlet of which is connected to the interior of the energy storage device, and the fire branch is equipped with a spray device for spraying a first cooling medium onto the battery pack.

[0025] Along the flow direction of the first cooling medium, the inlet of the fire-fighting branch is located upstream of the inlet of the energy storage device.

[0026] In one possible implementation, the cooling system further includes a third control valve and a fourth control valve. The third control valve is located in the water supply section and between the inlet of the fire branch and the inlet of the energy storage device, and is used to control the partial on / off of the water supply section. The fourth control valve is located in the fire branch and between the outlet of the water storage device and the inlet of the sprinkler device, and is used to control the on / off of the fire branch.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the cooling system further includes a control device and a third detection device. The control device is signal-connected to the third detection device and to the spraying device. The third detection device is located inside the energy storage device and is used to detect environmental parameters inside the energy storage device. The control device is used to control the spraying device to start or stop spraying the first cooling medium based on the detection results of the third detection device.

[0028] This application also provides a control method for a cooling system, wherein the cooling system is any of the cooling systems described above, and the cooling system further includes a second temperature threshold T2. The control method includes:

[0029] Detect the temperature T0 of the battery pack.

[0030] When T0 and T1 satisfy T0 < T1, the energy storage device is controlled to be in the open state, and the drainage device and water replenishment device are controlled to be in the closed state. The cooling system directly or indirectly cools the battery pack through the stored first cooling medium.

[0031] When T0, T1, and T2 satisfy T1≤T0<T2, the energy storage device, drainage device, and water replenishment device are in the open state. The cooling system discharges at least part of the first cooling medium that flows back to the water storage device, and directly or indirectly cools the battery pack through the replenished first cooling medium.

[0032] When T0 and T2 satisfy T0≥T2, the energy storage device is controlled to be in the off state, and the drainage device and water replenishment device are controlled to be in the on state. The cooling system discharges all the first cooling medium flowing back to the water storage device, and the battery pack is directly or indirectly cooled down by the replenished first cooling medium.

[0033] The beneficial effects of this embodiment are as follows: By detecting the temperature of the battery pack using the first detection device, the control device can switch the cooling system between the first, second, and third operating modes based on the detection results. This satisfies the cooling requirements of the battery pack under different operating conditions, ensuring the stability and reliability of the battery pack during operation and improving the safety of the energy storage device. Specifically, the control method can control the cooling system to replace part or all of the first cooling medium, ensuring that the circulating loop contains a first cooling medium that effectively cools the battery pack. This allows the battery pack to maintain stable performance even during prolonged operation, thereby extending the operating time of the energy storage device, reducing the number of downtimes, and improving the operating efficiency of the energy storage device. Furthermore, replacing the first cooling medium can reduce operating energy consumption while reducing or even eliminating noise generated by the cooling system during operation, improving the comfort of the surrounding environment of the energy storage device.

[0034] In one possible implementation, the water replenishment amount of the water replenishment device is Q1, the drainage amount of the drainage device is Q2, the liquid level of the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device is H0, and the cooling system is further provided with a first liquid level threshold H1 and a second liquid level threshold H2. When T0, T1, and T2 satisfy T1≤T0<T2, the control method further includes:

[0035] The level H0 of the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device is detected.

[0036] When H0 and H1 satisfy H0

[0037] When H0, H1, and H2 satisfy H1≤H0≤H2, Q1 and Q2 satisfy Q1 / Q2=1.

[0038] When H0 and H2 satisfy H0>H2, Q1 and Q2 satisfy 0.6≤Q1 / Q2≤0.8.

[0039] In one possible implementation, the cooling system further includes a spray device, a third control valve, and a fourth control valve.

[0040] When the battery pack experiences thermal runaway, and H0 and H1 satisfy H0≥H1, the control method also includes:

[0041] ​The energy storage device and the third control valve are controlled to be closed, and the spray device and the fourth control valve are controlled to be open. The cooling system sprays the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device onto the battery pack through the spray device.

[0042] When thermal runaway occurs in the battery pack, and H0 and H1 satisfy H0 < H1, the control method also includes:

[0043] The energy storage device and the third control valve are controlled to be closed, and the water replenishment device, the spray device and the fourth control valve are controlled to be open. The cooling system replenishes the first cooling medium to the battery pack spray water replenishment device through the spray device.

[0044] This application also provides an energy storage power station, which includes energy storage devices and a cooling system. Multiple energy storage devices are arranged in an array, and the cooling system is any of the cooling systems described above. The cooling system connects the water storage devices and each energy storage device through a water supply section and a water return section, and the energy storage devices are connected in parallel.

[0045] The beneficial effects of this embodiment are as follows: each energy storage device is equipped with a first detection device, a second detection device and a third detection device, so that the cooling system can cool down multiple energy storage devices by using the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device when the battery pack temperature is low.

[0046] It can also cool multiple energy storage devices simultaneously by replenishing the first cooling medium through the water replenishment device when the battery pack temperature is high, while gradually draining the hot first cooling medium from the cooling system through the drainage device. The ratio of water replenishment to drainage can be controlled. Alternatively, a natural cooler can be used to cool part of the first cooling medium in the cooling system, allowing it to dissipate heat before continuing to cool multiple energy storage devices. Furthermore, when the battery pack temperature is excessively high, multiple energy storage devices can be shut down, and all the first cooling medium in the cooling system can be replaced through the water replenishment and drainage devices. This allows for a faster restoration of operating conditions for each energy storage device, minimizing downtime.

[0047] Furthermore, in the event of thermal runaway of the battery pack, multiple energy storage devices can be shut down, and the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device can be sprayed onto the corresponding energy storage device via a sprinkler system. This ensures that the first cooling medium at least covers and envelops the thermally runaway battery pack, improving the fire-fighting capability of the cooling system. Moreover, when the first cooling medium in the water storage device is sufficiently stored, it can fill the space within the corresponding energy storage device, completely isolating the thermally runaway battery pack from the air and preventing reignition from damaging adjacent battery packs and thus reducing the risk of the accident expanding further. Alternatively, when the first cooling medium in the water storage device is insufficient, a water replenishment device can be activated, and the sprinkler system can spray the first cooling medium from an external water source onto the corresponding energy storage device, improving the fire-fighting effect and controlling the accident area to a smaller extent, reducing overall losses.

[0048] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0049] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0050] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cooling system provided in the first embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cooling system provided in the second embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cooling system provided in the third embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage power station provided in the first embodiment of this application;

[0054] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage power station provided in the second embodiment of this application;

[0055] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage power station provided in the third embodiment of this application.

[0056] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0057] 1-Circular loop;

[0058] 11-Water storage device;

[0059] 111 - Inlet;

[0060] 112 - Outlet;

[0061] 113 - First return water inlet;

[0062] 114 - Second return water inlet;

[0063] 12-Energy storage device;

[0064] 13-Water conveyance section;

[0065] 131 - Third control valve;

[0066] 14-Return water section;

[0067] 141 - First control valve;

[0068] 2-Water supply branch;

[0069] 21-Water replenishment device;

[0070] 22-Water supply valve;

[0071] 23-Purification device;

[0072] 3-Drainage branch;

[0073] 31-Drainage device;

[0074] 32 - First drain valve;

[0075] 4-Heat dissipation branch;

[0076] 41 - Natural Cooler;

[0077] 42 - Second control valve;

[0078] 5-Fire branch lines;

[0079] 51 - Fourth control valve.

[0080] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0081] To better understand the technical solution of this application, the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0082] It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments in this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0083] The terminology used in the embodiments of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in the embodiments of this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0084] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0085] Embodiments of this application provide a cooling system for an energy storage device, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the cooling system includes a circulation loop 1, a water supply branch 2, and a drainage branch 3. The circulation loop 1 is equipped with a water storage device 11 and an energy storage device 12. The water storage device 11 stores a first cooling medium, and the energy storage device 12 contains a battery pack. The water supply branch 2 is equipped with a water supply device 21. The inlet of the water supply device 21 is connected to an external water source, and the outlet of the water supply device 21 is connected to the inlet 111 of the water storage device 11, for supplying the first cooling medium from the external water source into the water storage device 11. The drainage branch 3 is equipped with a drainage device 31. The inlet of the drainage device 31 is connected to the circulation loop 1, and the outlet of the drainage device 31 is connected to the external environment, for discharging the first cooling medium of the circulation loop 1 to the external environment.

[0086] Along the flow direction of the first cooling medium, the circulation loop 1 includes a water supply section 13 and a return water section 14. The outlet 112 of the water storage device 11 is connected to the inlet of the energy storage device 12 through the water supply section 13. The outlet of the energy storage device 12 is connected to the first return water inlet 113 of the water storage device 11 through the return water section 14. The inlet of the drainage device 31 is connected to the return water section 14.

[0087] The battery pack temperature is T0, and the cooling system is set with a first temperature threshold T1 and a second temperature threshold T2. When T0 and T1 satisfy T0 < T1, the energy storage device 12 is in the open state, and the drainage device 31 and the water replenishment device 21 are in the closed state. The cooling system directly or indirectly cools the battery pack through the stored first cooling medium, so that the cooling system is in the first working mode. When T0, T1, and T2 satisfy T1 ≤ T0 < T2, the energy storage device 12, the drainage device 31, and the water replenishment device 21 are in the open state. The cooling system discharges at least a portion of the first cooling medium flowing back to the water storage device 11, and directly or indirectly cools the battery pack through the replenished first cooling medium, so that the cooling system is in the second working mode.

[0088] In this embodiment, the cooling system is configured with an independent but interconnected water storage device 11 and an energy storage device 12. This allows the first cooling medium to flow from the outlet 112 of the water storage device 11 to the inlet of the energy storage device 12 through the water delivery section 13 under the action of the first water pump (not shown in the figure), and then from the outlet of the energy storage device 12 to the first return water port 113 of the water storage device 11 through the return water section 14. This achieves the circulation of the first cooling medium within the circulation loop 1, enabling the cooling system to cool the battery pack in the energy storage device 12 using the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device 11, thereby ensuring the stability and reliability of the energy storage device 12 during operation.

[0089] As the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device 11 circulates more times in the circulation loop 1, its temperature gradually increases, and its cooling effect on the battery pack gradually decreases. To address this, the cooling system also includes a drainage device 31 connected to the circulation loop 1, with its inlet connected to the return water section 14 and its outlet connected to the external environment. This allows some or all of the first cooling medium that has absorbed heat in the circulation loop 1 to be discharged to the external environment. Simultaneously, the cooling system also includes a water replenishment device 21 connected to the water storage device 11, with its inlet connected to an external water source and its outlet connected to the inlet 111 of the water storage device 11. This allows the first cooling medium from the external water source to be replenished into the water storage device 11 to participate in the circulation.

[0090] This design allows the cooling system to achieve continuous and effective cooling of the battery pack simply by replacing a portion of the first cooling medium. This ensures the battery pack maintains stable performance even during extended operation, extending the operating time of the energy storage device 12, reducing downtime, and thus improving its efficiency. Furthermore, replacing the first cooling medium is simple and quick, eliminating the need for secondary cooling (e.g., using a blower for air cooling or refrigerant for heat exchange) and saving time waiting for the medium to return to its initial temperature, further improving system efficiency. Additionally, replacing the first cooling medium reduces or eliminates noise during operation, improving the comfort of the surrounding environment. It also reduces the number of components, simplifying space layout and design complexity. Compared to other methods, replacing the first cooling medium reduces energy consumption and lowers operating costs.

[0091] During the operation of the energy storage device 12, the temperature of the battery pack can be T0, and the cooling system can be set with a first temperature threshold T1 and a second temperature threshold T2.

[0092] When T0 < T1, the battery pack temperature is low, and the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device 11 can effectively cool the battery pack during its circulation. At this time, the energy storage device 12 can remain on, while the drainage device 31 and the water replenishment device 21 can be off, so that the cooling system is in the first working mode. This allows the stored first cooling medium to cool the battery pack, thereby enabling the cooling system to effectively cool the battery pack while reducing energy consumption, thus ensuring the stability and reliability of the energy storage device 12 during operation.

[0093] When T0, T1, and T2 satisfy T1≤T0<T2, the battery pack temperature is high, and the effective cooling effect of the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device 11 on the battery pack gradually decreases during the circulation process. At this time, the energy storage device 12 can remain open, and the drainage device 31 and the water replenishment device 21 can also be open, so that the cooling system is in a second working mode. This allows at least a portion of the first cooling medium flowing back to the water storage device 11 to be discharged through the drainage device 31, and the first cooling medium replenished through the water replenishment device 21 to cool the battery pack. This ensures that the cooling system can maintain effective cooling of the battery pack during the replacement of the first cooling medium, thus avoiding the risk of thermal runaway caused by the battery pack temperature rising. This helps to extend the working life of the battery pack and improve the safety of the energy storage device 12 during long-term operation.

[0094] It should be noted that, along the flow direction of the first cooling medium, at least a portion of the cooling system's piping (i.e., circulation loop 1) is located within the energy storage device 12, so that after the first cooling medium flows into the energy storage device 12, it exchanges heat with the battery pack through the piping, thereby achieving direct cooling of the battery pack by the first cooling medium.

[0095] Optionally, the energy storage device 12 may be equipped with a second cooling medium that circulates separately through pipelines, so that after the first cooling medium flows into the energy storage device 12, it first exchanges heat with the second cooling medium through pipelines, and then the second cooling medium exchanges heat with the battery pack through pipelines, thereby realizing the cooling system indirectly cooling the battery pack through the first cooling medium.

[0096] The first cooling medium in the water storage device 11 and the external water source can be river water, lake water or tap water, etc., to reduce the operating cost of the cooling system. The second cooling medium in the energy storage device 12 can be a refrigerant.

[0097] Meanwhile, the energy storage device 12 may also be equipped with components such as a compressor, heat exchange plate, expansion valve and evaporator, so that the second cooling medium can cool the battery pack by evaporating and absorbing heat, and exchange heat with the first cooling medium through the heat exchange plate.

[0098] This design eliminates the need for the first cooling medium to penetrate deep into the energy storage device 12, thus shortening its residence time within the device and improving its flow efficiency. This enhances the cooling effect of the first cooling medium on the second cooling medium, ensuring effective cooling of the battery pack by the second cooling medium. Furthermore, when the ambient temperature is low, the second cooling medium helps prevent the risk of the first cooling medium's excessively low temperature affecting the battery pack's performance, ensuring the stability and reliability of the energy storage device 12 during operation.

[0099] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 1 As shown, the cooling system also includes a water supply valve 22, which is located in the water supply branch 2 along the flow direction of the first cooling medium. The water supply valve 22 is located between the water supply device 21 and the water storage device 11 and is used to control the opening and closing of the water supply branch 2.

[0100] In this embodiment, by setting a water supply valve 22 between the water supply device 21 and the water storage device 11, the control accuracy of the cooling system on the connection or disconnection of the water supply branch 2 can be improved, thereby improving the sealing performance at the water inlet 111 of the water storage device 11. This avoids the risk that the first cooling medium in the external water source will flow into the water storage device 11, resulting in too much first cooling medium stored in the water storage device 11 affecting the normal operation of the cooling system. In this way, the stability and reliability of the cooling system during operation can be improved, and the working performance of the battery pack and the energy storage device 12 can be guaranteed.

[0101] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 1 As shown, the cooling system also includes a purification device 23, which is located in the water supply branch 2 along the flow direction of the first cooling medium. The purification device 23 is located between the water supply device 21 and the water supply valve 22 and is used to purify the first cooling medium that is supplied to the water storage device 11.

[0102] In this embodiment, by setting a purification device 23 between the water replenishment device 21 and the water replenishment valve 22, the quality of the replenished first cooling medium can be improved, thereby reducing the possibility that the replenished first cooling medium contains impurities such as algae, sand, and calcium and magnesium ions. This not only reduces the possibility that impurities will accumulate in the pipes of the cooling system and form dirt, causing blockage of the circulation loop 1, but also improves the flow efficiency of the first cooling medium, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the cooling system during operation.

[0103] At the same time, the purification device 23 can also reduce the possibility of impurities causing corrosion or collision to the pipes of the cooling system, leading to leakage of the first cooling medium, thereby extending the service life of the cooling system.

[0104] In addition, the purification device 23 can also reduce the possibility that impurities adhering to the inner wall of the pipe will form a heat insulation layer, resulting in poor cooling effect on the battery pack, so as to ensure the working performance of the battery pack and the energy storage device 12.

[0105] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 1 As shown, the cooling system also includes a first drain valve 32. Along the flow direction of the first cooling medium, the first drain valve 32 is located at the connection between the drain branch 3 and the return water section 14, and is used to control the opening and closing of the drain branch 3 and / or the return water section 14.

[0106] In this embodiment, by setting a first drain valve 32 at the connection between the drain branch 3 and the return water section 14, the control accuracy of the cooling system on the connection or disconnection of the drain branch 3 and / or the return water section 14 can be improved, thereby improving the sealing performance at the inlet of the drain device 31, so as to avoid the risk that the first cooling medium in the circulation loop 1 will flow out to the external environment, resulting in insufficient first cooling medium stored in the water storage device 11, which will affect the normal operation of the cooling system. In this way, the stability and reliability of the cooling system during operation can be improved, and the working performance of the battery pack and the energy storage device 12 can be guaranteed.

[0107] Meanwhile, when the cooling system is in the first working mode, the cooling system can connect the return water section 14 and disconnect the drainage branch 3 by adjusting the opening of the first drain valve 32, so that all the first cooling medium flowing out of the energy storage device 12 flows back into the water storage device 11 to continue circulating. This avoids the risk that the first cooling medium will flow into the drainage branch 3, causing a reduction in the flow rate of the first cooling medium in the circulation loop 1, which would affect the cooling and temperature drop of the battery pack. This ensures the stability and reliability of the battery pack during operation.

[0108] Furthermore, when the cooling system is in the second operating mode, by adjusting the opening of the first drain valve 32, the cooling system can connect the return water section 14 and the drain branch 3. This allows a portion of the first cooling medium flowing out of the energy storage device 12 to flow back into the water storage device 11 to continue circulating, while the other portion flows into the drain device 31 and is discharged to the external environment. This allows the cooling system to gradually replace the first cooling medium in the circulation loop 1 while cooling the battery pack, thereby extending the battery pack's operating time and improving the efficiency of the energy storage device 12. Moreover, by adjusting the opening of the first drain valve 32, the distribution ratio of the first cooling medium flowing to the water storage device 11 and the drain device 31 can be controlled. This ensures that the first cooling medium in the circulation loop 1 has sufficient flow to cool the battery pack, guaranteeing the stability and reliability of the battery pack during cooling system replenishment and drainage, and further improving the safety of the energy storage device 12.

[0109] Optionally, the first drain valve 32 can also be located in the drain branch 3, that is, the first drain valve 32 is located between the energy storage device 12 and the drain device 31, and is only used to control the opening and closing of the drain branch 3. With this design, the sealing performance at the inlet of the drain device 31 can be further improved, and the control method of the cooling system can be further simplified to reduce the design difficulty.

[0110] In one specific implementation, such as Figure 1As shown, the cooling system is also equipped with a second temperature threshold T2. When T0 and T2 satisfy T0≥T2, the energy storage device 12 is in the closed state, the drainage device 31 and the water replenishment device 21 are in the open state, the cooling system discharges all the first cooling medium flowing back to the water storage device 11, and directly or indirectly cools the battery pack through the replenished first cooling medium, so that the cooling system is in the third working mode.

[0111] In this embodiment, when T0 and T2 satisfy T0≥T2, the battery pack temperature is too high. The first cooling medium stored in the water storage device 11 cannot effectively cool the battery pack during the circulation process, and the cooling system takes too long to gradually replace the first cooling medium, making it impossible to cool the overheated battery pack in time. At this time, the energy storage device 12 can be in a closed state to stop the charging and discharging of the battery pack and prevent the battery pack from continuing to generate heat. At the same time, the drainage device 31 and the water replenishment device 21 can be in a closed state to put the cooling system in a third working mode. This allows the drainage device 31 to drain all the first cooling medium flowing back to the water storage device 11, and the water replenishment device 21 to replenish the first cooling medium from an external water source into the water storage device 11. This enables the cooling system to completely replace the first cooling medium in the circulation loop 1 when the energy storage device 12 is stopped, and to cool the battery pack with the replenished first cooling medium. This avoids the risk of thermal runaway caused by the battery pack overheating and improves the safety of the battery pack and the energy storage device 12.

[0112] This design avoids the risk of thermal runaway caused by the battery pack continuing to operate in high-temperature environments, thus improving the safety of the battery pack and energy storage device 12 during operation. Simultaneously, replacing all the primary cooling medium provides timely and effective cooling of the high-temperature battery pack, eliminating the need to wait for the primary cooling medium stored in the water storage device 11 to return to its initial temperature and the time required for gradual replacement, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery pack. Furthermore, compared to other methods mentioned above, replacing all the primary cooling medium can reduce or even eliminate noise generated by the cooling system during operation, improving the comfort of the surrounding environment of the energy storage device 12, and reducing energy consumption of the cooling system, thereby lowering its operating costs.

[0113] Optionally, the drainage device 31 and the water replenishment device 21 can work simultaneously, or the first cooling medium in the circulation loop 1 can be completely drained through the drainage device 31 first, and then the first cooling medium from the external water source can be replenished into the water storage device 11 through the water replenishment device 21.

[0114] In one possible implementation, the cooling system further includes a second drain valve (not shown in the figure), which is disposed on the side wall and / or bottom wall of the water storage device 11 for discharging the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device 11.

[0115] In this embodiment, when the cooling system is in the second or third working mode, the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device 11 can be directly discharged by opening the second drain valve. This eliminates the need to wait for the first cooling medium to flow through the energy storage device 12 to the drain device 31 before being discharged from the circulation loop 1. This improves the drainage efficiency of the cooling system, thereby increasing the efficiency of the cooling system in replacing the first cooling medium. This, in turn, ensures the stability and reliability of the battery pack during operation, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage device 12.

[0116] Optionally, when the cooling system is in the second or third operating mode, the first drain valve 32 and the second drain valve can be opened simultaneously, allowing the first cooling medium in the water storage device 11 to flow out to the external environment through the second drain valve, and the first cooling medium in the water supply section 13, the energy storage device 12, and the return water section 14 to flow out to the external environment through the first drain valve 32 and the drain device 31. This design not only further improves the drainage efficiency of the cooling system but also ensures normal operation of the cooling system even if the drain branch 3 is blocked, thereby improving the safety of the battery pack and the energy storage device 12 during operation.

[0117] In one specific implementation, such as Figure 1 As shown, the cooling system also includes a control device (not shown in the figure) and a first detection device (not shown in the figure). The control device is signal-connected to the first detection device and is signal-connected to the water storage device 11, the energy storage device 12, the water replenishment device 21 and the drainage device 31 respectively.

[0118] The first detection device is installed inside the water storage device 11 to detect the temperature of the battery pack. The control device is used to control the cooling system to be in the first working mode, the second working mode or the third working mode according to the detection result of the first detection device.

[0119] In this embodiment, the first detection device is used to detect the temperature of the battery pack within the energy storage device 12 and transmit the detection result to the control device. The control device then determines whether the cooling system is in a first, second, or third operating mode based on the detection result. The control device can also be connected to a first water pump signal and adjust the speed of the first water pump according to the detection result of the first detection device. This allows the speed of the first water pump to change with the switching of the cooling system's operating modes, ensuring that the first cooling medium can flow stably within the circulation loop 1 in each operating mode, thus guaranteeing the smoothness of the first cooling medium's flow.

[0120] The first detection device detects the temperature of the battery pack as T0, and the cooling system is set with a first temperature threshold T1 and a second temperature threshold T2.

[0121] When the control device determines that T0 and T1 satisfy T0 < T1, the control device controls the energy storage device 12 to remain open, and the drainage device 31 and the water replenishment device 21 to be closed, so that the cooling system is in the first working mode, and controls the speed of the first water pump to be adjusted to the corresponding speed, so that the first cooling medium in the water storage device 11 can flow stably in the circulation loop 1.

[0122] When the control device determines that T0 and T1 satisfy T0≥T1, the control device controls the energy storage device 12 to remain on, and the drainage device 31 and the water replenishment device 21 to be on, so that the cooling system is in the second working mode. The control device also controls the speed of the first water pump to be adjusted to the corresponding speed, so that the first cooling medium in the water storage device 11 can gradually flow out to the external environment through the drainage device 31 during the circulation process. At the same time, the first cooling medium from the external water source is replenished into the water storage device 11 through the water replenishment device 21, so that the replenished first cooling medium can cool the battery pack during the flow process, thereby realizing the simultaneous operation of water replenishment and drainage.

[0123] When the control device determines that T0 and T2 satisfy T0≥T2, the control device controls the energy storage device 12 to be in the off state, and the drainage device 31 and the water replenishment device 21 to be in the on state, so that the cooling system is in the third working mode, and controls the speed of the first water pump to be adjusted to the corresponding speed, so that the battery pack stops charging and discharging, avoiding the continued generation of heat and the temperature continuing to rise. At the same time, the drainage device 31 drains all the first cooling medium in the circulation loop 1 to the external environment, and the water replenishment device 21 replenishes the first cooling medium from the external water source into the circulation loop 1, so that the cooling system cools the battery pack with the replenished first cooling medium, thereby avoiding the risk of thermal runaway caused by the battery pack overheating, which is beneficial to improving the safety of the battery pack and the energy storage device 12.

[0124] Therefore, the control device can adjust the operating mode of the cooling system according to the temperature of the battery pack, which helps to improve the sensitivity and response speed of each component. This allows the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device 11 to be used to cool the battery pack when the battery pack temperature is low, and to gradually replace the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device 11 by replenishing water when the battery pack temperature is high. In case the battery pack temperature is too high, the energy storage device 12 is shut down and all the first cooling medium in the cooling system is replaced. This helps to improve the working stability of the battery pack and the energy storage device 12, while reducing the energy consumption and noise impact of the cooling system, thereby reducing the overall operating cost.

[0125] Optionally, the control device can also be connected to the above-mentioned water supply valve 22, purification device 23, first drain valve 32 and second drain valve to enable the cooling system to perform more precise control on the water supply branch 2 and the drain branch 3 in each mode, so as to meet the working requirements of each mode and ensure the stable operation of the cooling system.

[0126] In one specific implementation, such as Figure 1 As shown, the cooling system also includes a second detection device (not shown in the figure). The control device is signal-connected to the second detection device. The second detection device is installed in the water storage device 11 and is used to detect the liquid level of the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device 11. The control device is used to control the ratio of water replenishment and drainage of the cooling system, as well as the opening or closing of the water replenishment device 21 and / or the drainage device 31, according to the detection results of the first detection device and / or the second detection device.

[0127] In this embodiment, the second detection device is used to detect the liquid level of the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device 11 and transmit the detection result to the control device. This allows the control device to comprehensively determine whether the water replenishment device 21 and / or drainage device 31 are in an open or closed state based on the detection results of the first and / or second detection devices. When both the water replenishment device 21 and drainage device 31 are in an open state, the control device comprehensively determines the ratio of water replenishment to water drainage of the first cooling medium. This avoids the risk of insufficient or excessive first cooling medium in the circulation loop 1 due to an imbalance in the water replenishment to water drainage ratio, thus improving the accuracy and reliability of the cooling system during operation. Furthermore, by comprehensively judging the detection results of the first and second detection devices, the control device also helps to improve the precision of the cooling system, enabling it to maintain a stable working state under different operating conditions, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the battery pack and energy storage device 12 under various operating conditions.

[0128] In one specific implementation, such as Figure 1As shown, the water replenishment amount of the water replenishment device 21 is Q1, the drainage amount of the drainage device 31 is Q2, the liquid level of the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device 11 is H0, and the cooling system is also equipped with a first liquid level threshold H1, a second liquid level threshold H2, and a second temperature threshold T2.

[0129] When T0, T1, and T2 satisfy T1≤T0<T2, and H0, H1, and H2 satisfy H1≤H0≤H2, Q1 and Q2 satisfy Q1 / Q2=1.

[0130] When T0, T1, and T2 satisfy T1≤T0<T2, and H0 and H1 satisfy H0

[0131] When T0, T1, and T2 satisfy T1≤T0<T2, and H0 and H2 satisfy H0>H2, Q1 and Q2 satisfy 0.6≤Q1 / Q2≤0.8.

[0132] In this embodiment, when the first detection device detects that the battery pack temperature satisfies T1≤T0<T2, the control device controls the energy storage device 12 to remain on, and the drainage device 31 and water replenishment device 21 to be on, so that the cooling system is in the second working mode. The control device also controls the speed of the first water pump to be adjusted to the corresponding speed, so that the first cooling medium in the water storage device 11 can gradually flow out to the external environment through the drainage device 31 during circulation, and the first cooling medium from the external water source is replenished into the water storage device 11 through the water replenishment device 21. This allows the replenished first cooling medium to cool the battery pack during its flow, thus achieving simultaneous water replenishment and drainage. Based on this, the control device can comprehensively control the water replenishment and drainage ratio of the water replenishment device 21 and the drainage device 31 during operation, combining the detection results of the second detection device.

[0133] The water replenishment device 21 replenishes water with a capacity of Q1, the drainage device 31 drains water with a capacity of Q2, the liquid level of the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device 11 is H0, and the cooling system is also provided with a first liquid level threshold H1 and a second liquid level threshold H2, and H1 and H2 satisfy H1 < H2.

[0134] When H0, H1, and H2 satisfy H1≤H0≤H2, Q1 and Q2 satisfy Q1 / Q2=1. At this time, the liquid level of the first cooling medium in the water storage device 11 is moderate, and the circulation loop 1 has sufficient flow to cool the battery pack, so that the water replenishment volume of the water replenishment device 21 is equal to the water drainage volume of the drainage device 31.

[0135] ​When H0 and H1 satisfy H0 < H1, Q1 and Q2 satisfy 1.2 ≤ Q1 / Q2 ≤ 1.5. At this time, the liquid level of the first cooling medium in the water storage device 11 is too low, and the flow rate of the first cooling medium in the circulation loop 1 is too small, failing to effectively cool the high-temperature battery pack. This makes the performance of the battery pack and the energy storage device 12 easily affected. Therefore, the control device needs to control Q1 and Q2 to satisfy 1.2 ≤ Q1 / Q2 ≤ 1.5 so that the water supply of the water replenishment device 21 is greater than the water discharge of the drainage device 31, thereby improving the water replenishment efficiency of the cooling system.

[0136] Specifically, Q1 / Q2 can be 1.2, 1.21, 1.22, 1.23, 1.24, 1.25, 1.26, 1.27, 1.28, 1.29, 1.3, 1.31, 1.32, 1.33, 1.34, 1.35, 1.36, 1.37, 1.38, 1.39, 1.4, 1.41, 1.42, 1.43, 1.44, 1.45, 1.46, 1.47, 1.48, 1.49, 1.5, etc.

[0137] When H0 and H2 satisfy H0 > H2, Q1 and Q2 satisfy 0.6 ≤ Q1 / Q2 ≤ 0.8. At this time, the level of the first cooling medium in the water storage device 11 is too high, and the added first cooling medium occupies too much space in the water storage device 11. After the water replenishment and drainage work is completed, during the operation of the cooling system, the first cooling medium absorbs heat and expands, causing a sharp increase in pressure within the circulation loop 1, which can easily damage various components and affect their service life. Therefore, the control device needs to control Q1 and Q2 to satisfy 0.6 ≤ Q1 / Q2 ≤ 0.8 so that the water replenishment volume of the water replenishment device 21 is less than the drainage volume of the drainage device 31, thereby improving the drainage efficiency of the cooling system.

[0138] Specifically, Q1 / Q2 can be 0.6, 0.61, 0.62, 0.63, 0.64, 0.65, 0.66, 0.67, 0.68, 0.69, 0.7, 0.71, 0.72, 0.73, 0.74, 0.75, 0.76, 0.77, 0.78, 0.79, 0.8, etc.

[0139] Therefore, the control device can comprehensively judge the water replenishment ratio between the water replenishment device 21 and the drainage device 31 in the second working mode of the cooling system based on the detection results of the first detection device and the second detection device, so that the flow rate of the first cooling medium in the circulation loop 1 is always within the preset range, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the cooling system during operation while ensuring effective cooling of the battery pack.

[0140] In one specific implementation, such as Figure 1 As shown, when H0 and H1 satisfy H0 < H1, the energy storage device 12 and the water replenishment device 21 are in the open state, and the drainage device 31 is in the closed state. When H0 and H2 satisfy H0 > H2, the energy storage device 12 and the drainage device 31 are in the open state, and the water replenishment device 21 is in the closed state.

[0141] In this embodiment, when the first detection device detects that the battery pack temperature meets T0 < T1, the control device controls the energy storage device 12 to remain on, and the drainage device 31 and the water replenishment device 21 to be off, so that the cooling system is in the first working mode, and controls the speed of the first water pump to be adjusted to the corresponding speed, so that the first cooling medium in the water storage device 11 can flow stably in the circulation loop 1. Based on this, the control device can combine the detection results of the second detection device to comprehensively determine whether it is necessary to replenish or drain the first cooling medium in the circulation loop 1. That is, when the cooling system is in the first working mode, the control device only needs to control the working state of the water replenishment device 21 and the drainage device 31 according to the detection results of the second detection device to ensure the stability and reliability of the cooling system during operation.

[0142] When H0 < H1, the liquid level of the first cooling medium in the water storage device 11 is too low, and the flow rate of the first cooling medium in the circulation loop 1 is too low. This results in a poor cooling effect of the first cooling medium on the battery pack during circulation, which can easily affect the working performance of the battery pack and the energy storage device 12. Therefore, the control device can control the water replenishment device 21 to be in the open state and control the drainage device 31 to be in the closed state, so that the cooling system can replenish the first cooling medium from the external water source into the water storage device 11 to participate in the circulation, improve the cooling effect on the battery pack, and ensure the stability and reliability of the battery pack and the energy storage device 12 during operation.

[0143] When H0 > H2, the level of the first cooling medium in the water storage device 11 is too high. During the operation of the cooling system, the first cooling medium absorbs heat and expands, causing a sharp increase in pressure within the circulation loop 1. This can easily damage various components and affect their service life. Therefore, the control device can keep the drainage device 31 open and the water replenishment device 21 closed, so that the cooling system can discharge excess first cooling medium from the circulation loop 1 to the external environment, reducing the possibility of damage to components and improving the stability and reliability of the cooling system during operation.

[0144] In one specific implementation, such as Figure 2As shown, the cooling system also includes a heat dissipation branch 4, the inlet of which is connected to the return water section 14, the outlet of which is connected to the second return water inlet 114 of the water storage device 11, and the heat dissipation branch 4 is equipped with a natural cooler 41 for cooling the first cooling medium flowing back to the water storage device 11.

[0145] Along the flow direction of the first cooling medium, the inlet of the heat dissipation branch 4 is located upstream of the inlet of the drainage device 31.

[0146] In this embodiment, during the operation of the energy storage device 12, the first cooling medium absorbs heat from the battery pack, causing its temperature to rise. This poses a risk that the first cooling medium may not dissipate heat in time during its circulation, leading to heat accumulation. Therefore, the cooling system incorporates a heat dissipation branch 4 and a natural cooler 41. This allows a portion of the high-temperature first cooling medium flowing out of the energy storage device 12 to flow directly back into the water storage device 11 via the return water section 14, while another portion flows through the heat dissipation branch 4 to the natural cooler 41 for cooling before returning to the water storage device 11. This neutralizes the high-temperature and low-temperature first cooling medium within the water storage device 11, slowing down the overall temperature rise of the first cooling medium. This extends the operating time of the cooling system in the first operating mode, avoids the possibility of increased failure rate due to frequent switching of operating modes, and improves the stability and reliability of the cooling system during operation.

[0147] Meanwhile, along the flow direction of the first cooling medium, by setting the inlet of the heat dissipation branch 4 upstream of the inlet of the drainage device 31, the first cooling medium is divided into two streams after being diverted: one flowing towards the natural cooler 41 and the other towards the water storage device 11. In the part flowing towards the water storage device 11, if the first drain valve 32 malfunctions and causes the external environment to connect with the return water section 14 through the drainage branch 3, excessive leakage of the first cooling medium into the external environment can be avoided, thus ensuring that the first cooling medium in the circulation loop 1 has sufficient flow to cool the battery pack, thereby ensuring the stability and reliability of the cooling system during operation.

[0148] In one specific implementation, such as Figure 2 As shown, the cooling system also includes a first control valve 141 and a second control valve 42. The first control valve 141 is located in the return water section 14 and between the inlet of the heat dissipation branch 4 and the inlet of the drainage branch 3, and is used to control the partial opening and closing of the return water section 14. The second control valve 42 is located in the heat dissipation branch 4 and between the outlet of the energy storage device 12 and the inlet of the natural cooler 41, and is used to control the opening and closing of the heat dissipation branch 4.

[0149] In this embodiment, the first control valve 141 and the second control valve 42 can be signal-connected to the control device, so that the control device can control the opening or closing of the first control valve 141 and the second control valve 42 according to the detection results of the first detection device and / or the second detection device. This is beneficial to improving the sensitivity and response speed of the cooling system, so that during the switching between the first working mode and the second working mode of the cooling system, the first control valve 141 and the second control valve 42 can adjust the connection or disconnection of the return water section 14 and the heat dissipation branch 4 in a timely manner.

[0150] When T0 < T1, the cooling system is in the first working mode. The control device controls the water supply valve 22 and the first drain valve 32 to be closed, and controls the first control valve 141 and the second control valve 42 to be open. This allows the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device 11 to flow into the energy storage device 12 under the action of the first water pump to absorb the heat generated by the battery pack. After the first cooling medium flows out of the energy storage device 12, it is divided. One part flows directly back to the water storage device 11 through the first control valve 141, and the other part flows into the natural cooler 41 through the second control valve 42 for cooling before flowing back to the water storage device 11. This achieves the neutralization of the high-temperature and low-temperature first cooling medium in the water storage device 11, thereby slowing down the rate of temperature rise of the first cooling medium in the water storage device 11. This extends the working time of the cooling system in the first working mode, avoids the possibility of increased failure rate due to frequent switching of the cooling system's working mode, and helps to improve the stability and reliability of the cooling system during operation.

[0151] Optionally, the heat dissipation branch 4 is also equipped with a second water pump (not shown in the figure) to provide power to the first cooling medium in the heat dissipation branch 4, so as to increase the flow rate of the first cooling medium in the heat dissipation branch 4 and ensure the smooth flow of the first cooling medium in the heat dissipation branch 4.

[0152] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 2 As shown, when T0, T1 and T2 satisfy T1≤T0<T2, the first control valve 141 is in the closed state, the second control valve 42 is in the open state, the energy storage device 12 and the natural cooler 41 are in the open state, the drainage device 31 and the water replenishment device 21 are in the closed state, and the cooling system cools down the first cooling medium flowing back to the water storage device 11 through the natural cooler 41, so that the cooling system is in the fourth working mode.

[0153] In this embodiment, when the first detection device detects that the temperature of the battery pack satisfies T1≤T0<T2, the temperature of the battery pack is relatively high. The control device controls the first control valve 141, the drainage device 31 and the water replenishment device 21 to be closed, and the second control valve 42 and the natural cooler 41 to be open, so that the cooling system is in the fourth working mode. The control device also controls the speed of the first water pump and the second water pump to be adjusted to the corresponding speed, so that the first cooling medium is diverted after flowing out of the energy storage device 12. One part of it flows directly back to the water storage device 11 through the first control valve 141, and the other part flows into the natural cooler 41 through the second control valve 42 for cooling and then flows back to the water storage device 11.

[0154] This design allows the cooling system to cool the first cooling medium in the circulation loop 1 through the natural cooler 41, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of part of the first cooling medium. After releasing heat, the medium flows back into the water storage device 11 to participate in the circulation, ensuring the cooling effect of the first cooling medium on the battery pack, and thus improving the stability and safety of the battery pack and energy storage device 12 during operation.

[0155] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 2 As shown, when T0 and T2 satisfy T0≥T2, the first control valve 141 is in the open state, the second control valve 42 is in the closed state, the energy storage device 12 and the natural cooler 41 are in the closed state, the drainage device 31 and the water replenishment device 21 are in the open state, the cooling system discharges all the first cooling medium flowing back to the water storage device 11, and directly or indirectly cools and reduces the temperature of the battery pack through the replenished first cooling medium, so that the cooling system is in the fifth working mode.

[0156] In this embodiment, when the first detection device detects that the battery pack temperature meets T0≥T2, the battery pack temperature is too high. The control device controls the second control valve 42, energy storage device 12, and natural cooler 41 to be closed, and the first control valve 141, drainage device 31, and water replenishment device 21 to be open, so that the cooling system is in the fifth working mode, and the speed of the first water pump is adjusted to the corresponding speed. At this time, even if the first cooling medium is cooled down by the natural cooler 41, it cannot effectively cool down the battery pack. Therefore, it is necessary to control the battery pack to stop charging and discharging to prevent it from continuing to generate heat and causing the temperature to continue to rise. At the same time, the drainage device 31 drains all the first cooling medium in the circulation loop 1 to the external environment, and the water replenishment device 21 replenishes the first cooling medium from the external water source into the circulation loop 1, so that the cooling system cools down the battery pack by replenishing the first cooling medium, thereby avoiding the risk of thermal runaway caused by the battery pack being too hot, which is beneficial to improving the safety of the battery pack and energy storage device 12. In addition, by replacing all the primary cooling medium in the cooling system, the user no longer needs to increase the output power of the natural cooler 41 to continue dissipating heat from the primary cooling medium, thereby avoiding excessive noise and energy consumption from the high-power natural cooler 41.

[0157] In one specific implementation, such as Figure 3 As shown, the cooling system also includes a fire branch line 5, the inlet of which is connected to the water supply section 13, the outlet of which is connected to the interior of the energy storage device 12, and the fire branch line 5 is equipped with a spray device (not shown in the figure) for spraying the first cooling medium onto the battery pack.

[0158] Along the flow direction of the first cooling medium, the inlet of the fire branch 5 is located upstream of the inlet of the energy storage device 12.

[0159] In this embodiment, during the operation of the energy storage device 12, the battery pack may experience thermal runaway, posing a risk of burnout and damage to the energy storage device 12. Therefore, the cooling system, by incorporating a fire-fighting branch line 5 and a sprinkler system, ensures that the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device 11 can flow directly into the energy storage device 12 via the water supply section 13 and the fire-fighting branch line 5 in the event of thermal runaway of the battery pack. Furthermore, the sprinkler system covers and envelops the thermally runaway battery pack, preventing further escalation of the accident and thus achieving timely and effective fire suppression.

[0160] Meanwhile, along the flow direction of the first cooling medium, by setting the inlet of the fire branch 5 upstream of the inlet of the energy storage device 12, the first cooling medium can flow directly through the fire branch 5 into the interior of the energy storage device 12 in the event of thermal runaway of the battery pack, and fill the interior space of the energy storage device 12 through the spray device. There is no need to exchange heat with the battery pack in the energy storage device 12 through the circulation loop 1, so as to achieve direct contact between the first cooling medium and the thermal runaway battery pack. This allows the first cooling medium to reach the source of the accident directly, improve the fire extinguishing efficiency of the cooling system, reduce the damage to the components in the energy storage device 12, and thus control the accident range to a smaller area, which is conducive to reducing losses.

[0161] In one specific implementation, such as Figure 3 As shown, the cooling system also includes a third control valve 131 and a fourth control valve 51. The third control valve 131 is located in the water supply section 13 and between the inlet of the fire branch 5 and the inlet of the energy storage device 12, and is used to control the partial opening and closing of the water supply section 13. The fourth control valve 51 is located in the fire branch 5 and between the outlet 112 of the water storage device 11 and the inlet of the sprinkler device, and is used to control the opening and closing of the fire branch 5.

[0162] In this embodiment, the third control valve 131 and the fourth control valve 51 can be signal-connected to the control device, so that the control device can control the opening or closing of the third control valve 131 and the fourth control valve 51 when the battery pack experiences thermal runaway. This is beneficial to improving the response speed of the cooling system, so that the cooling system can adjust the connection or disconnection of the water supply section 13 and the fire branch 5 in a timely manner when the battery pack experiences thermal runaway.

[0163] When the battery pack does not experience thermal runaway, the cooling system can operate in any of the aforementioned modes. The control device controls the third control valve 131 to be open and the fourth control valve 51 to be closed, so that the first cooling medium flowing to the energy storage device 12 can only flow into the energy storage device 12 through the water supply section 13 to directly or indirectly exchange heat with the battery pack, thereby cooling the battery pack. This helps ensure the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery pack and also avoids the risk of the first cooling medium leaking into the energy storage device 12 during circulation and directly contacting the battery pack, which could lead to a short circuit. This, in turn, helps improve the stability and reliability of the battery pack and the energy storage device 12 during operation.

[0164] When the battery pack experiences thermal runaway, the control device shuts down the energy storage device 12 to stop the battery pack from charging and discharging. It also shuts down the third control valve 131 and opens the fourth control valve 51, ensuring that the first cooling medium flowing to the energy storage device 12 can only flow into the energy storage device 12 through the fire branch 5 and directly contact the battery pack. This allows the first cooling medium to directly contact the source of the accident and avoids the risk of the first cooling medium being diverted during the flame extinguishing process, which could lead to insufficient flow and failure to extinguish the flame in time. This, in turn, improves the fire-fighting capability of the cooling system.

[0165] In one specific implementation, such as Figure 3 As shown, the cooling system also includes a third detection device (not shown in the figure). The control device is signal-connected to the third detection device and to the spraying device. The third detection device is located inside the energy storage device 12 and is used to detect the environmental parameters inside the energy storage device 12. The control device is used to control the spraying device to start or stop spraying the first cooling medium according to the detection results of the third detection device.

[0166] In this embodiment, the third detection device detects environmental parameters inside the energy storage device 12 in real time. The environmental parameters include, but are not limited to, temperature, smoke concentration and combustible gas concentration. The third detection device can transmit the detection results to the control device in real time so that the control device can determine whether the inside of the energy storage device 12 is in an abnormal state (e.g., thermal runaway) based on the detection results of the third detection device.

[0167] When the control device determines that the energy storage device 12 is in an abnormal state, the control device can control the energy storage device 12 and the third control valve 131 to be closed, and control the sprinkler device and the fourth control valve 51 to be open, so that the first cooling medium flows into the energy storage device 12 through the fire branch 5 to cover and wrap the battery pack to extinguish the flame.

[0168] When the control device determines that the energy storage device 12 is not in an abnormal state, the control device can control the energy storage device 12 and the third control valve 131 to be in the open state, and control the spray device and the fourth control valve 51 to be in the closed state, so that the first cooling medium flows into the energy storage device 12 through the water supply section 13 for direct or indirect heat exchange with the battery pack.

[0169] Therefore, in this embodiment, the control device can control the sprinkler system to suppress or even eliminate the abnormal state in its early stages, thereby preventing the accident from escalating further, thus improving the fire-fighting capability of the energy storage device 12 and reducing the degree of damage to the components within the energy storage device 12.

[0170] Optionally, the third detection device can be one or more of a smoke detector, a temperature detector, and a combustible gas detector. The third detection device is installed on the top wall and / or side wall of the energy storage device 12, which helps to improve the detection range and accuracy of the third detection device and reduce the possibility of misjudgment by the control device. When there is only one third detection device, it can be installed on the top wall of the energy storage device 12 to allow for a larger detection range. When there are multiple third detection devices, they can be installed simultaneously on the top and side walls of the energy storage device 12 to provide a more comprehensive and accurate detection range, thereby improving detection accuracy.

[0171] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 3 As shown, when the battery pack experiences thermal runaway and H0 and H1 satisfy H0≥H1, the third control valve 131 is in the closed state, the fourth control valve 51 is in the open state, the energy storage device 12 is in the closed state, the spray device is in the open state, and the cooling system sprays the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device 11 into the battery pack through the spray device.

[0172] In this embodiment, in the event of thermal runaway of the battery pack, if the second detection device detects that the liquid level of the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device 11 satisfies H0≥H1, then the water storage device 11 has sufficient water to fill the internal space of the energy storage device 12. At this time, the control device only needs to control the third control valve 131 and the energy storage device 12 to be in the closed state, and control the fourth control valve 51 and the spray device to be in the open state, so that the battery pack can be sprayed with the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device 11. Therefore, it is not necessary to wait for the cooling system to draw the first cooling medium from the external water source through the water replenishment device 21, which is beneficial to improve the response speed of the cooling system to abnormal conditions, improve the fire extinguishing efficiency, and achieve a rapid and effective fire extinguishing effect.

[0173] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 3 As shown, when the battery pack experiences thermal runaway and H0 and H1 satisfy H0 < H1, the third control valve 131 is in the closed state, the fourth control valve 51 is in the open state, the energy storage device 12 is in the closed state, and the water replenishment device 21 and the spray device are in the open state. The cooling system sprays the first cooling medium into the battery pack through the spray device to the water replenishment device 21.

[0174] In this embodiment, in the event of thermal runaway of the battery pack, if the second detection device detects that the liquid level of the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device 11 satisfies H0 < H1, then the water storage device 11 does not have sufficient water and cannot be used to fill the internal space of the energy storage device 12. At this time, the control device needs to control the third control valve 131 and the energy storage device 12 to be in the closed state, and control the fourth control valve 51, the spray device and the water replenishment device 21 to be in the open state. This allows the first cooling medium replenished by the water replenishment device 21 to spray the battery pack, thereby enabling the cooling system to continuously spray the battery pack until the first cooling medium fills the energy storage device 12. This is beneficial to improving the fire extinguishing effect, thereby controlling the accident area to a smaller range and reducing the overall loss.

[0175] Optionally, the water replenishment device 21 and the purification device 23 can also be connected in parallel, so that the water replenishment device 21 can be connected to the water replenishment valve 22 through the purification device 23 or directly to the water replenishment valve 22. In this way, when the battery pack experiences thermal runaway and H0 and H1 satisfy H0 < H1, the control device can control the purification device 23 to be in a closed state, so that the water replenishment device 21 can directly deliver the first cooling medium from the external water source to the water storage device 11 through the water replenishment valve 22, thereby omitting the process of the purification device 23 treating it, so as to achieve a faster and more effective fire extinguishing effect.

[0176] Embodiments of this application also provide a method for controlling a cooling system, wherein the cooling system is any of the cooling systems described above, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the control method includes:

[0177] Detect the temperature T0 of the battery pack.

[0178] When T0 and T1 satisfy T0 < T1, the energy storage device 12 is controlled to be in the open state, and the drainage device 31 and the water replenishment device 21 are controlled to be in the closed state. The cooling system directly or indirectly cools the battery pack through the stored first cooling medium.

[0179] When T0, T1 and T2 satisfy T1≤T0<T2, the energy storage device 12, drainage device 31 and water replenishment device 21 are in the open state, the cooling system discharges at least part of the first cooling medium flowing back to the water storage device 11, and the battery pack is directly or indirectly cooled down by the replenished first cooling medium.

[0180] When T0 and T2 satisfy T0≥T2, the energy storage device 12 is controlled to be in the closed state, and the drainage device 31 and the water replenishment device 21 are controlled to be in the open state. The cooling system discharges all the first cooling medium flowing back to the water storage device 11, and the battery pack is directly or indirectly cooled down by the replenished first cooling medium.

[0181] In this embodiment, the temperature of the battery pack is detected by the first detection device, so that the control device can control the cooling system to switch between the first working mode, the second working mode and the third working mode according to the detection result, so as to meet the cooling and temperature reduction requirements of the battery pack under different working conditions, ensure the stability and reliability of the battery pack during operation, and improve the safety of the energy storage device 12 during operation.

[0182] When T0 and T1 satisfy T0 < T1, the battery pack temperature is low. The first cooling medium stored in the water storage device 11 can effectively cool the battery pack during the circulation process. In order to cool the battery pack through the stored first cooling medium, the cooling system can effectively cool the battery pack while reducing energy consumption, so as to ensure the stability and reliability of the energy storage device 12 during operation.

[0183] When T0 and T1 satisfy T0≥T1, the battery pack temperature is high. The first cooling medium stored in the water storage device 11 gradually reduces its effective cooling effect on the battery pack during the circulation process. At least part of the first cooling medium flowing back to the water storage device 11 needs to be discharged through the drainage device 31, and the first cooling medium replenished through the water replenishment device 21 cools the battery pack. This allows the cooling system to maintain effective cooling of the battery pack during the replacement of the first cooling medium, thereby avoiding the risk of thermal runaway caused by the battery pack temperature rising. This helps to extend the working life of the battery pack and improve the safety of the energy storage device 12 during long-term operation.

[0184] When T0 and T2 satisfy T0≥T2, the battery pack temperature is too high. The first cooling medium stored in the water storage device 11 cannot effectively cool the battery pack during the circulation process. Moreover, the cooling system takes too long to gradually replace the first cooling medium, which cannot cool the overheated battery pack in time. It is necessary to drain all the first cooling medium flowing back to the water storage device 11 through the drainage device 31 and replenish the first cooling medium from the external water source into the water storage device 11 through the water replenishment device 21. This allows the cooling system to completely replace the first cooling medium in the circulation loop 1 when the energy storage device 12 stops working, and cool the battery pack with the replenished first cooling medium. This can avoid the risk of thermal runaway caused by the battery pack being too hot and improve the safety of the battery pack and the energy storage device 12.

[0185] Therefore, the control method in this embodiment can control the cooling system to ensure that the first cooling medium, which effectively cools the battery pack, flows within the circulation loop 1 by replacing part or all of the first cooling medium. This allows the battery pack to maintain stable performance even during long-term operation, thereby extending the operating time of the energy storage device 12, reducing the number of shutdowns, and improving the operating efficiency of the energy storage device 12. Furthermore, replacing the first cooling medium can reduce operating energy consumption while reducing or even eliminating noise generated by the cooling system during operation, improving the comfort of the surrounding environment of the energy storage device 12.

[0186] In one specific implementation, such as Figure 1 As shown, when the battery pack temperature satisfies T1≤T0<T2, the control method further includes:

[0187] The level H0 of the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device 11 is detected.

[0188] When H0 and H1 satisfy H0

[0189] When H0, H1, and H2 satisfy H1≤H0≤H2, Q1 and Q2 satisfy Q1 / Q2=1.

[0190] When H0 and H2 satisfy H0>H2, Q1 and Q2 satisfy 0.6≤Q1 / Q2≤0.8.

[0191] In this embodiment, the liquid level of the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device 11 is detected by the second detection device, so that the control device can control the cooling system to adjust the power of the water replenishment device 21 and the drainage device 31 in the second working mode according to the detection result, so as to achieve a balance between the water replenishment and drainage, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the cooling system during operation while meeting the cooling and cooling requirements of the battery pack.

[0192] When Q1 and Q2 satisfy Q1 / Q2=1, the liquid level of the first cooling medium in the water storage device 11 is moderate, and the circulation loop 1 has sufficient flow to cool the battery pack, so that the water replenishment of the water replenishment device 21 is equal to the water drainage of the drainage device 31.

[0193] When Q1 and Q2 satisfy 1.2≤Q1 / Q2≤1.5, the liquid level of the first cooling medium in the water storage device 11 is too low, and the flow rate of the first cooling medium in the circulation loop 1 is too small, which cannot effectively cool down the battery pack with a high temperature. It is necessary to control the water supply of the water supply device 21 to be greater than the drainage of the drainage device 31 to improve the water supply efficiency of the cooling system. ​

[0194] When Q1 and Q2 satisfy 0.6≤Q1 / Q2≤0.8, the liquid level of the first cooling medium in the water storage device 11 is too high, and the added first cooling medium occupies too much space in the water storage device 11. It is necessary to control the water supply of the water supply device 21 to be less than the drainage of the drainage device 31 in order to improve the drainage efficiency of the cooling system.

[0195] Therefore, the control method in this embodiment can control the cooling system to adjust the ratio between the water replenishment and drainage in real time in the second working mode, so that the flow rate of the first cooling medium in the circulation loop 1 is always within the preset range, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the cooling system during operation while ensuring effective cooling of the battery pack.

[0196] In one specific implementation, such as Figure 2 As shown, when the battery pack temperature satisfies T1≤T0<T2, the control method further includes:

[0197] The energy storage device 12, the natural cooler 41, and the second control valve 42 are controlled to be in the open state, and the drainage device 31, the water supply device 21, and the first control valve 141 are controlled to be in the closed state. The cooling system cools and lowers the temperature of the first cooling medium flowing back to the water storage device 11 through the natural cooler 41.

[0198] In this embodiment, the temperature of the battery pack is detected by the first detection device, so that the control device can control the cooling system to shut down the water supply device 21 and the drainage device 31 and turn on the natural cooler 41 according to the detection result. This allows the first cooling medium to be diverted after flowing out of the energy storage device 12. One part of the medium flows directly back into the water storage device 11 through the first control valve 141, while the other part flows into the natural cooler 41 through the second control valve 42 for cooling and then flows back into the water storage device 11.

[0199] Therefore, the control method in this embodiment can control the cooling system to cool the first cooling medium in the circulation loop 1 through the natural cooler 41, so as to improve the heat dissipation efficiency of part of the first cooling medium, so that it can flow back into the water storage device 11 after releasing heat to participate in the circulation flow, ensuring the cooling effect of the first cooling medium on the battery pack, thereby improving the stability and safety of the battery pack and the energy storage device 12 during operation.

[0200] In one specific implementation, such as Figure 2 As shown, when the battery pack temperature satisfies T0≥T2, the control method further includes:

[0201] The energy storage device 12, the natural cooler 41, and the second control valve 42 are controlled to be closed, and the drainage device 31, the water replenishment device 21, and the first control valve 141 are controlled to be open. The cooling system discharges all the first cooling medium flowing back to the water storage device 11, and directly or indirectly cools and reduces the temperature of the battery pack through the replenished first cooling medium.

[0202] In this embodiment, the temperature of the battery pack is detected by the first detection device, so that the control device can control the cooling system to turn on the water replenishment device 21 and the drainage device 31, and turn off the energy storage device 12 and the natural cooler 41 according to the detection result. This allows the cooling system to discharge all the first cooling medium in the circulation loop 1 to the external environment through the drainage device 31, and replenish the first cooling medium from the external water source to the circulation loop 1 through the water replenishment device 21, so that the cooling system can cool and reduce the temperature of the battery pack through the replenished first cooling medium.

[0203] Therefore, the control method in this embodiment can control the cooling system to cool the overheated battery pack in a timely and effective manner through all the first cooling medium in the cooling system, thereby avoiding the risk of thermal runaway caused by the battery pack being too hot. This is beneficial to improving the safety of the battery pack and the energy storage device 12. Moreover, the user does not need to increase the output power of the natural cooler 41 to continue to dissipate heat from the first cooling medium, thereby avoiding excessive noise and excessive energy consumption from the high-power natural cooler 41.

[0204] In one specific implementation, such as Figure 3 As shown, when the battery pack experiences thermal runaway and H0 and H1 satisfy H0≥H1, the control method further includes:

[0205] The energy storage device 12 and the third control valve 131 are controlled to be closed, and the spray device and the fourth control valve 51 are controlled to be open. The cooling system sprays the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device 11 into the battery pack through the spray device.

[0206] In this embodiment, the environmental parameters inside the energy storage device 12 are detected by a third detection device, so that the control device can shut down the energy storage device 12 and turn on the spray device according to the detection results. This allows the cooling system to spray the battery pack with the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device 11, thus eliminating the need to wait for the cooling system to replenish the first cooling medium from the external water source into the water storage device 11 through the water replenishment device 21. This is beneficial to improving the cooling system's response speed to abnormal conditions and improving fire extinguishing efficiency, so as to achieve a rapid and effective fire extinguishing effect.

[0207] In one specific implementation, such as Figure 3 As shown, when the battery pack experiences thermal runaway and H0 and H1 satisfy H0 < H1, the control method further includes:

[0208] The energy storage device 12 and the third control valve 131 are controlled to be closed, and the water replenishment device 21, the spray device and the fourth control valve 51 are controlled to be open. The cooling system replenishes the first cooling medium to the battery pack spray water replenishment device 21 through the spray device.

[0209] In this embodiment, the environmental parameters inside the energy storage device 12 are detected by a third detection device, so that the control device can shut down the energy storage device 12 according to the detection results and turn on the water replenishment device 21 and the spray device. This allows the cooling system to spray the battery pack with the first cooling medium replenished by the water replenishment device 21, so that the cooling system can continuously spray the battery pack until the first cooling medium fills the energy storage device 12. This is beneficial to improving the fire extinguishing effect, thereby controlling the accident range to a smaller area and reducing the overall loss.

[0210] Embodiments of this application also provide an energy storage power station, such as... Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the energy storage power station includes energy storage devices 12 and a cooling system. Multiple energy storage devices 12 are arranged in an array, and the cooling system is any of the cooling systems described above, so that the cooling system connects the water storage device 11 to each energy storage device 12 through a circulation loop 1, and the energy storage devices 12 are connected in parallel.

[0211] In this embodiment, each energy storage device 12 is equipped with a first detection device, a second detection device, and a third detection device, so that the cooling system can cool down the multiple energy storage devices 12 by using the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device 11 when the battery pack temperature is low.

[0212] Furthermore, when the battery pack temperature is high, multiple energy storage devices 12 can be cooled down simultaneously by replenishing the first cooling medium through the water replenishment device 21 and gradually draining the high-temperature first cooling medium from the cooling system through the drainage device 31. The ratio of water replenishment to drainage can be controlled. Alternatively, a portion of the first cooling medium in the cooling system can be cooled down using the natural cooler 41 to dissipate heat and then continue to cool down the multiple energy storage devices 12. Also, when the battery pack temperature is excessively high, multiple energy storage devices 12 can be shut down, and all the first cooling medium in the cooling system can be replaced through the water replenishment device 21 and the drainage device 31, so as to restore the operating conditions of each energy storage device 12 quickly and shorten downtime.

[0213] Furthermore, in the event of thermal runaway of the battery pack, multiple energy storage devices 12 can be shut down, and the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device 11 can be sprayed into the corresponding energy storage device 12 through the sprinkler system. This ensures that the first cooling medium at least covers and envelops the thermally runaway battery pack, thereby improving the fire-fighting capability of the cooling system. Moreover, when the first cooling medium in the water storage device 11 is sufficiently stored, it can fill the space within the corresponding energy storage device 12, completely isolating the thermally runaway battery pack from the air and preventing the risk of flame reignition damaging adjacent battery packs and further expanding the accident area. Alternatively, when the first cooling medium in the water storage device 11 is insufficient, the water replenishment device 21 can be activated, and the sprinkler system can spray the first cooling medium from an external water source into the corresponding energy storage device 12, improving the fire-fighting effect and controlling the accident area to a smaller extent, thus reducing overall losses.

[0214] The above description, based on the embodiments shown in the drawings, details the structure, features, and effects of this application. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this application, but this application does not limit the scope of implementation to what is shown in the drawings. Any changes made in accordance with the concept of this application, or modifications to equivalent embodiments, that do not exceed the spirit covered by the specification and drawings, should be within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A cooling system for an energy storage device, characterized in that, The cooling system includes: A water storage device and an energy storage device are provided. The water storage device stores a first cooling medium, and the energy storage device is equipped with a battery pack. The outlet of the water storage device and the inlet of the energy storage device are connected through a water conveying section, and the outlet of the energy storage device and the first return water outlet of the water storage device are connected through a return water section. A water replenishment device, wherein the inlet of the water replenishment device is connected to an external water source, and the outlet of the water replenishment device is connected to the inlet of the water storage device, for replenishing the first cooling medium from the external water source into the water storage device; A drainage device, wherein the inlet of the drainage device is connected to the return water section and the outlet of the drainage device is connected to the external environment, for discharging the first cooling medium flowing back to the water storage device to the external environment; The temperature of the battery pack is T0, and the cooling system is provided with a first temperature threshold T1 and a second temperature threshold T2, and T1 and T2 satisfy T1 < T2. When T0 and T1 satisfy T0 < T1, the energy storage device is in the open state, the drainage device and the water replenishment device are in the closed state, and the cooling system directly or indirectly cools the battery pack through the stored first cooling medium, so that the cooling system is in the first working mode. When T0, T1 and T2 satisfy T1≤T0<T2, the energy storage device, the drainage device and the water replenishment device are in the open state, the cooling system discharges at least part of the first cooling medium flowing back to the water storage device, and directly or indirectly cools the battery pack through the replenished first cooling medium, so that the cooling system is in the second working mode. When T0 and T2 satisfy T0≥T2, the energy storage device is in the off state, the drainage device and the water replenishment device are in the on state, the cooling system discharges all the first cooling medium flowing back to the water storage device, and directly or indirectly cools the battery pack through the replenished first cooling medium, so that the cooling system is in the third working mode.

2. The cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling system also includes a control device and a first detection device. The control device is signal-connected to the first detection device and signal-connected to the water storage device, the energy storage device, the water replenishment device, and the drainage device, respectively. The first detection device is installed inside the water storage device and is used to detect the temperature of the battery pack. The control device is used to control the cooling system to be in the first working mode, the second working mode or the third working mode according to the detection result of the first detection device.

3. The cooling system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cooling system further includes a second detection device. The control device is signal-connected to the second detection device. The second detection device is disposed in the water storage device and is used to detect the liquid level of the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device. The control device is used to control the ratio of water replenishment and drainage of the cooling system, as well as the opening or closing of the water replenishment device and / or the drainage device, according to the detection results of the first detection device and / or the second detection device.

4. The cooling system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The water replenishment amount of the water replenishment device is Q1, the drainage amount of the drainage device is Q2, the liquid level of the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device is H0, and the cooling system is also provided with a first liquid level threshold H1, a second liquid level threshold H2, and a second temperature threshold T2. When T0, T1, and T2 satisfy T1≤T0<T2, and H0, H1, and H2 satisfy H1≤H0≤H2, Q1 and Q2 satisfy Q1 / Q2=1; When T0, T1, and T2 satisfy T1≤T0<T2, and H0 and H1 satisfy H0<H1, Q1 and Q2 satisfy 1.2≤Q1 / Q2≤1.5; When T0, T1, and T2 satisfy T1≤T0<T2, and H0 and H2 satisfy H0>H2, Q1 and Q2 satisfy 0.6≤Q1 / Q2≤0.

8.

5. The cooling system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The water storage device stores the first cooling medium at a level of H0, and the cooling system is also provided with a first liquid level threshold H1 and a second liquid level threshold H2. When H0 and H1 satisfy H0 < H1, the energy storage device and the water replenishment device are in the open state, and the drainage device is in the closed state. When H0 and H2 satisfy H0 > H2, the energy storage device and the drainage device are in the open state, and the water replenishment device is in the closed state.

6. The cooling system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The cooling system also includes a heat dissipation branch, the inlet of which is connected to the return water section, and the outlet of which is connected to the second return water port of the water storage device. The heat dissipation branch is equipped with a natural cooler for cooling the first cooling medium flowing back to the water storage device. Along the flow direction of the first cooling medium, the inlet of the heat dissipation branch is located upstream of the inlet of the drainage device.

7. The cooling system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The cooling system further includes a first control valve and a second control valve. The first control valve is disposed in the return water section and located between the inlet of the heat dissipation branch and the inlet of the drainage device, and is used to control the partial opening and closing of the return water section. The second control valve is disposed in the heat dissipation branch and located between the outlet of the energy storage device and the inlet of the natural cooler, and is used to control the opening and closing of the heat dissipation branch.

8. The cooling system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The cooling system also includes a fire branch, the inlet of which is connected to the water supply section, the outlet of which is connected to the interior of the energy storage device, and the fire branch is equipped with a spray device for spraying the first cooling medium onto the battery pack. Along the flow direction of the first cooling medium, the inlet of the fire-fighting branch is located upstream of the inlet of the energy storage device.

9. The cooling system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The cooling system further includes a third control valve and a fourth control valve. The third control valve is located in the water supply section and between the inlet of the fire-fighting branch and the inlet of the energy storage device, and is used to control the partial on / off of the water supply section. The fourth control valve is located in the fire-fighting branch and between the outlet of the water storage device and the inlet of the sprinkler device, and is used to control the on / off of the fire-fighting branch.

10. The cooling system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The cooling system also includes a control device and a third detection device. The control device is signal-connected to the third detection device and to the spraying device. The third detection device is located inside the energy storage device and is used to detect environmental parameters inside the energy storage device. The control device is used to control the spraying device to start or stop spraying the first cooling medium according to the detection result of the third detection device.

11. A control method for a cooling system, wherein the cooling system is the cooling system according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The control method includes: The temperature T0 of the battery pack is detected; When T0 and T1 satisfy T0 < T1, the energy storage device is controlled to be in the open state, and the drainage device and the water replenishment device are controlled to be in the closed state. The cooling system directly or indirectly cools the battery pack through the stored first cooling medium. When T0, T1 and T2 satisfy T1≤T0<T2, the energy storage device, the drainage device and the water replenishment device are controlled to be in the open state, the cooling system discharges at least part of the first cooling medium flowing back to the water storage device, and the battery pack is directly or indirectly cooled down by the replenished first cooling medium. When T0 and T2 satisfy T0≥T2, the energy storage device is controlled to be in the off state, and the drainage device and the water replenishment device are controlled to be in the on state. The cooling system discharges all the first cooling medium flowing back to the water storage device, and directly or indirectly cools the battery pack through the replenished first cooling medium.

12. The control method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The water replenishment capacity of the water replenishment device is Q1, the drainage capacity of the drainage device is Q2, the liquid level of the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device is H0, and the cooling system is further provided with a first liquid level threshold H1 and a second liquid level threshold H2. When T0, T1, and T2 satisfy T1≤T0<T2, the control method further includes: The liquid level H0 of the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device is detected; When H0 and H1 satisfy H0 < H1, Q1 and Q2 satisfy 1.2 ≤ Q1 / Q2 ≤ 1.5; When H0, H1, and H2 satisfy H1≤H0≤H2, Q1 and Q2 satisfy Q1 / Q2=1; When H0 and H2 satisfy H0>H2, Q1 and Q2 satisfy 0.6≤Q1 / Q2≤0.

8.

13. The control method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The cooling system also includes a spray device, a third control valve, and a fourth control valve; When the battery pack experiences thermal runaway, and H0 and H1 satisfy H0≥H1, the control method further includes: The energy storage device and the third control valve are controlled to be in the closed state, and the spray device and the fourth control valve are controlled to be in the open state. The cooling system sprays the first cooling medium stored in the water storage device onto the battery pack through the spray device. When the battery pack experiences thermal runaway, and H0 and H1 satisfy H0 < H1, the control method further includes: The energy storage device and the third control valve are controlled to be in the closed state, and the water replenishment device, the spray device and the fourth control valve are controlled to be in the open state. The cooling system sprays the first cooling medium replenished by the water replenishment device onto the battery pack through the spray device.

14. An energy storage power station, characterized in that, The energy storage power station includes: Energy storage device, wherein multiple energy storage devices are arranged in an array; The cooling system is the cooling system according to any one of claims 1-10; The cooling system connects the water storage device to each of the energy storage devices through the water supply section and the return section, and the energy storage devices are connected in parallel.

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