Multi-compartment GIS equipment discharge source positioning straddle collaborative layout structure

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of power station discharge monitoring, and particularly relates to a multi-compartment GIS equipment discharge source positioning straddle collaborative layout structure, which comprises a core sensor group arranged in each main compartment of GIS equipment and used for collecting UHF pulse signals of a main compartment discharge source and taking the UHF pulse signals as main positioning data; the edge sensor group is arranged at the flange interface between the compartments and is used for collecting UHF pulse signals transmitted across the compartments and taking the UHF pulse signals as auxiliary positioning data; and the signal fusion module is used for establishing a compartment-sensor incidence matrix, and fusing the time delay data of the core sensor group and the edge sensor group through a weighted fusion algorithm. According to the multi-compartment GIS equipment discharge source positioning straddle collaborative layout structure provided by the invention, four functional modules of signal fusion, attenuation calibration, time delay compensation and dynamic calibration are combined, and the core problems of straddle coverage, insufficient precision and too high cost of multi-compartment GIS equipment discharge source positioning are effectively solved.

Description

A multi-compartment GIS equipment power supply positioning cross-compartment collaborative layout structure Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of power plant discharge monitoring, specifically relating to a cross-compartment collaborative layout structure for locating discharge power sources in multi-compartment GIS equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) is widely used in power systems due to its advantages such as small footprint, excellent insulation performance, and high operational reliability. GIS equipment consists of multiple functional compartments, including circuit breaker compartments, busbar compartments, and disconnector compartments, all connected by flange structures to form a complete unit. To ensure safe operation, partial discharge detection is a crucial aspect of GIS equipment condition monitoring. Ultra-high frequency (UHF) detection technology is widely used in partial discharge detection due to its strong anti-interference capabilities and high detection sensitivity.

[0003] However, while the metal partitions in GIS equipment provide functional isolation and structural support for each compartment, they also significantly negatively impact UHF signal transmission. The metal partitions not only obstruct UHF signals, hindering their propagation between different compartments, but also cause substantial attenuation of the UHF signal, resulting in a significant reduction in cross-compartment signal transmission efficiency. This characteristic presents numerous challenges to the comprehensive detection and precise location of partial discharges.

[0004] In existing partial discharge UHF detection methods, the sensor arrangement scheme has significant drawbacks. If a sensor is arranged in a single compartment, the detection range of the sensor can only cover the compartment it is in, and it cannot effectively capture discharge sources that move across compartments. It is also difficult to effectively detect discharge sources located at the boundaries of compartments, which can easily lead to missed partial discharges and make it impossible to fully understand the insulation status of the equipment.

[0005] To address the issue of incomplete detection coverage, one approach proposes independently deploying a complete positioning array in each compartment. However, this approach also presents significant problems: firstly, it leads to a substantial increase in the number of sensors, resulting in severe sensor redundancy and significantly increasing equipment costs and installation / maintenance complexity; secondly, precise clock synchronization between the positioning arrays in multiple compartments is crucial, as inter-compartment clock synchronization is inherently challenging, prone to time delay calibration errors, and these errors accumulate, ultimately causing a significant decrease in partial discharge positioning accuracy. This fails to meet the practical requirements for precise positioning and provides a lack of reliable data for equipment fault diagnosis. Therefore, how to ensure comprehensive detection coverage while avoiding sensor redundancy and improving positioning accuracy has become a critical issue that urgently needs to be addressed in UHF partial discharge detection technology for GIS equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention provides a multi-compartment GIS equipment power supply positioning cross-compartment collaborative layout structure, which can effectively solve the problems in the background art.

[0007] This invention provides a multi-compartment GIS equipment power supply positioning cross-compartment collaborative layout structure, comprising:

[0008] The core sensor group, which is arranged in each main compartment of the GIS equipment, is used to collect the UHF pulse signal of the main compartment's power supply and use it as the main positioning data.

[0009] An edge sensor group is arranged at the flange interface between compartments. The edge sensor group is used to collect UHF pulse signals propagating across compartments and as auxiliary positioning data.

[0010] Additionally, a signal fusion module is established to create a compartment-sensor correlation matrix. This module fuses the time delay data of the core sensor group and the edge sensor group using a weighted fusion algorithm.

[0011] As a further optimization of the present invention, the main compartment includes a circuit breaker compartment and a busbar compartment. When the volume of the main compartment is ≤5m³, one core sensor is arranged; when the volume of the main compartment is >5m³, two core sensors are arranged.

[0012] As a further optimization of the present invention, the core sensor is installed at the center of the top of the main compartment or the middle of the side wall, avoiding metal protrusions and welds inside the main compartment, and the line of sight of the core sensor covers more than 70% of the area of ​​the main compartment.

[0013] As a further optimization of the present invention, the edge sensor group uses a miniaturized penetrating UHF sensor, and two edge sensors with an included angle of 180° are symmetrically arranged 0-5cm outside each flange interface, with the detection direction of the edge sensors facing the interior of the compartment.

[0014] As a further optimization of the present invention, in the weighted fusion algorithm, the weight of the main positioning data collected by the core sensor is 0.7-0.8, and the weight of the auxiliary positioning data collected by the edge sensor is 0.2-0.3; the signal fusion module dynamically adjusts the weights according to the signal-to-noise ratio of the UHF pulse signal.

[0015] As a further optimization of the present invention, it also includes symmetrical sensor groups arranged on both sides of the metal partition of the compartment. The symmetrical sensor groups are coaxially aligned with the metal partition, the coaxial alignment deviation is ≤2cm, and the distance between each symmetrical sensor group and the surface of the metal partition is 8±2cm.

[0016] As a further optimization of the present invention, it also includes:

[0017] The database of material-thickness-attenuation coefficient is pre-stored and the attenuation coefficient calibration module of the corresponding UHF signal penetration attenuation coefficient is called.

[0018] In addition, a time delay compensation module is introduced to compensate for time delay by incorporating attenuation coefficient and partition thickness correction term.

[0019] As a further optimization of the present invention, the compensation formula of the delay compensation module is as follows:

[0020] ;

[0021] in, To compensate for the subsequent delay; This is the actual measured delay; This refers to the thickness of the partition. The relative permittivity of the partition plate; The speed of light in a vacuum ; The attenuation-related correction coefficient is provided by the attenuation coefficient calibration module.

[0022] As a further optimization of the present invention, a dynamic calibration module is also included. The calibration steps of the Dongtao calibration module are as follows:

[0023] First, a standard UHF pulse signal is injected into one side of the partition through the calibration interface reserved in the compartment; then, the time delay data of the symmetrical sensors on both sides of the partition are collected simultaneously; finally, based on the known propagation time delay of the standard signal, the attenuation correlation correction coefficient is calculated in reverse. The actual value is compared with the current delay compensation module. The value is corrected; finally, all data from the calibration process is recorded.

[0024] As a further optimization of the present invention, when the thickness of the metal partition is >10mm or it is a double-layer partition, two auxiliary symmetrical sensors are arranged on each side of the partition.

[0025] This invention provides a cross-compartment collaborative layout structure for power supply positioning of multi-compartment GIS equipment. Combining four functional modules—signal fusion, attenuation calibration, time delay compensation, and dynamic calibration—it effectively solves the core pain points of cross-compartment coverage, insufficient accuracy, and high cost in power supply positioning of multi-compartment GIS equipment. This invention offers advantages such as full-area coverage, high accuracy, low cost, long-term stability, and convenient installation. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of this embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0027] As shown in Figure 1, the sensor in this embodiment is divided into a core sensor group, an edge sensor group, and a signal fusion module.

[0028] The core sensor array is located in each main compartment of the GIS equipment. The core sensor array is used to collect UHF pulse signals from the main compartment's power supply, serving as primary positioning data to ensure signal coverage in the core area of ​​the main compartment.

[0029] The core sensor group preferentially selects high-precision broadband UHF sensors. For example, in this embodiment, a core sensor with a bandwidth of 500MHz-2GHz is selected, which can fully cover the typical spectrum range of GIS partial discharge UHF signals. The sensitivity must be able to capture weak discharge power signals, while also having anti-electromagnetic interference capabilities and being able to withstand the electromagnetic noise in the operating environment of GIS equipment.

[0030] The core sensor array primarily covers the main compartments in high-risk areas such as circuit breaker compartments and busbar compartments. The number of core sensor arrays can be dynamically adjusted according to the volume of the main compartment. For example, in this embodiment, one core sensor is arranged in a compartment with a volume ≤ 5m³, and two core sensors are arranged in a compartment with a volume > 5m³, ensuring signal coverage without blind spots.

[0031] The core sensor array is installed at the center of the top or the middle of the side wall of the main compartment. During installation, it is necessary to avoid metal protrusions, welds, and high-voltage conductors inside the main compartment to prevent reflection interference from such structures and ensure that the core sensor's line-of-sight covers more than 70% of the compartment area. The installation mainly adopts a dual method of magnetic attraction and bolt fixing, which facilitates installation and commissioning while ensuring operational stability.

[0032] The core function of the edge sensor array is to collect UHF pulse signals propagating across compartments, including penetration signals and flange gap leakage signals. The edge sensor array serves as auxiliary positioning data, compensating for the insufficient coverage of the core sensor array at compartment boundaries.

[0033] Specifically, the edge sensor group uses miniaturized penetrating UHF sensors with dimensions adapted to the narrow installation space at the flange interface. It has the ability to acquire signals through metal partitions, is sensitive to attenuated signals, and is suitable for outdoor or enclosed operating environments of GIS equipment.

[0034] Edge sensors are positioned 0-5cm outside the flange interface between each compartment. Two edge sensors with an included angle of 180° are symmetrically arranged at each flange interface to ensure the acquisition of cross-compartment signals from different directions, improving the reliability of signal acquisition. During installation, the edge sensors are directed towards the inside of the compartment to accurately capture the UHF pulse signal propagating across the compartment. The edge sensors are fixed using a flange clamping method, eliminating the need for drilling holes in the GIS equipment body and avoiding damage to the equipment's insulation performance.

[0035] The signal fusion module integrates the main positioning data from the core sensor group with the auxiliary positioning data from the edge sensor group to achieve accurate positioning of the power source across compartments.

[0036] The signal fusion module establishes a compartment-sensor correlation matrix to clarify the mapping relationship between the coverage area of ​​each sensor and the corresponding compartment, ensuring that signals collected by different sensors can be accurately associated with the target compartment. The compartment-sensor correlation matrix can be expressed by the following expression:

[0037]

[0038] Among them, This represents the total number of compartments for GIS equipment. This represents the total number of sensors deployed.

[0039] Matrix elements For the first The compartment and the first The associated binary tuple of each sensor.

[0040] in, For association identification, the variable value can be either 0 or 1. Indicates the first The sensor can cover the first Each compartment contains a signal acquisition module. This indicates no coverage association.

[0041] in, The coverage intensity coefficient, ranging from 0.1 to 1.0, is used for quantization. The sensor for the first The signal coverage capability of each compartment is determined by factors such as sensor installation location, signal propagation path attenuation, and compartment structure obstruction. This capability is achieved through preliminary experiments and on-site debugging and calibration.

[0042] When constructing the matrix, the first step is to determine the distribution of GIS compartments through preliminary site surveys. The value is used to determine the sensor installation location and coverage area, i.e., to determine... Values ​​and initial values An initial correlation matrix was established; subsequently, during the commissioning phase, standard UHF signals were transmitted in different compartments using a simulated power source, and signal response data from each sensor were collected to correct the coverage strength coefficient of the matrix. If the actual coverage of the core sensor does not meet expectations, the corresponding cost will be reduced. Numerical values; finally, during system operation, the matrix is ​​updated periodically in conjunction with dynamic calibration data to ensure the accuracy of the mapping relationship.

[0043] This matrix formula provides a standardized mathematical expression for cross-compartment signal correlation, enabling rapid matching of potential compartment ranges corresponding to signals acquired by any sensor through matrix retrieval, avoiding cross-compartment signal confusion; simultaneously, the matrix... It provides basic data support for the weighted fusion algorithm. The higher the coverage intensity, the higher the initial value of the signal weight. In addition, the matrix can quickly retrieve the adjacent compartment sensors corresponding to the blind area, realizing cross-compartment data collaborative completion.

[0044] A weighted fusion algorithm is used to fuse time-delay data, and the weight allocation is dynamically adjusted according to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). For example, signals with higher SNR have higher weights, thereby improving the reliability of the fused data.

[0045] The core formula for the weighted fusion algorithm to fuse latency data is as follows:

[0046] and ;

[0047] in, The final time delay data after fusion is used as the core input parameter for power source positioning calculation; The total number of sensors participating in time-delay fusion is determined by filtering through the compartment-sensor association matrix, i.e., those associated with the compartment where the power source is located. Sensors; Indicates the first The weighting coefficients for sensor delay data range from 0 to 1, and the weighting is dynamically adjusted based on the sensor type and signal-to-noise ratio. Indicates the first The time delay data collected by each sensor and preprocessed, and the time delay data collected by the symmetrical sensor need to be corrected by the time delay compensation module. Then substitute it in; This indicates the weight normalization constraint, ensuring the rationality of the fusion result.

[0048] In this embodiment, by default, the weight of the primary positioning data collected by the core sensor is 0.7-0.8, and the weight of the auxiliary positioning data collected by the edge sensor is 0.2-0.3.

[0049] This embodiment can also adjust the weight allocation based on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the core sensor signals. When the SNR of the core sensor signals is detected to be <20dB, the weight of the primary positioning data is automatically reduced, while the weight of the auxiliary positioning data is increased to ensure the effectiveness of the fused data. Specifically, the weight of the primary positioning data can be reduced to a minimum of 0.5, while the weight of the auxiliary positioning data can be increased to a maximum of 0.5.

[0050] This embodiment can also complete the positioning blind spot. Specifically, for blind spots of the core sensor line of sight, such as corners of compartments and near flanges, the positioning data is completed by the time delay difference between the edge sensor signal and the core sensor signal of the adjacent compartment. Then, combined with the compartment-sensor correlation matrix, the entire compartment is covered without blind spots.

[0051] Furthermore, this embodiment also includes a symmetrical sensor group.

[0052] The core function of the symmetrical sensor array is to collect the transmitted signals from both sides of the metal partition. Combined with attenuation calibration and time delay compensation technology, it solves the problems of signal attenuation and time delay errors caused by the metal partition.

[0053] Two symmetrical sensors are respectively positioned on opposite sides of the metal partition of the compartment, ensuring coaxial alignment between the sensors and the metal partition. The coaxial alignment deviation is ≤2cm; excessive deviation will lead to inaccurate transmission signal acquisition and affect the accuracy of time delay calculation. During installation, the distance between each symmetrical sensor and the surface of the metal partition is strictly controlled at 8±2cm. Extensive experimental verification has shown that this distance can balance the transmission signal strength and near-field attenuation, resulting in the optimal signal-to-noise ratio of the transmission signal.

[0054] In other embodiments, when the metal partition is thicker than 10mm or is a double-layer partition, two auxiliary symmetrical sensors can be arranged on each side of the partition to form a multi-channel penetrating signal acquisition, thereby improving the signal acquisition stability in complex partition scenarios.

[0055] In this embodiment, the symmetrical sensor is the same model as the core sensor group, ensuring the consistency of signal acquisition and reducing the complexity of subsequent signal fusion and calibration.

[0056] Furthermore, this embodiment also includes an attenuation coefficient calibration module and a time delay compensation module.

[0057] The attenuation coefficient calibration module is used to calibrate the UHF signal penetration attenuation coefficient corresponding to different diaphragm materials and thicknesses, providing basic data support for time delay compensation.

[0058] The attenuation coefficient calibration module uses an experimental method to simulate partitions of different materials and thicknesses. It transmits UHF pulse signals through a standard signal source, collects the signal amplitude on both sides of the partition, calculates the attenuation coefficient, and stores it in a material-thickness-attenuation coefficient database. The database covers commonly used GIS partition materials, including aluminum alloy and stainless steel, with thicknesses ranging from 3-10mm, which covers the partition specifications of most GIS equipment. The attenuation coefficients in the database were determined through prior experiments.

[0059] During the layout implementation, based on the actual material and thickness of the partition of the GIS equipment on site, the corresponding attenuation coefficient is retrieved from the database and transmitted to the time delay compensation module.

[0060] In other embodiments, a special material partition is used so that the field partition parameters exceed the database range. The attenuation coefficient can be supplemented by measuring the attenuation coefficient through the field calibration mode and updated to the database.

[0061] The time delay compensation module is based on the signal propagation model through the septum. It introduces an attenuation coefficient and a septum thickness correction term to compensate for the time delay error caused by the metal septum and improve positioning accuracy.

[0062] Specifically, a signal propagation model through a metal septum is established, fully considering the propagation characteristics of UHF signals in the metal septum. An attenuation coefficient and a septum thickness correction term are introduced to construct a time delay compensation formula:

[0063] ;

[0064] in, To compensate for the subsequent delay; This is the actual measured delay; This refers to the thickness of the partition. The relative permittivity of the partition plate; The speed of light in a vacuum ; The attenuation-related correction coefficient is provided by the attenuation coefficient calibration module.

[0065] First, the measured time delays on both sides of the partition are obtained from the symmetrical sensor array. Obtain the partition thickness from the attenuation coefficient calibration module. Relative permittivity Attenuation-related correction coefficient Then, the time delay after compensation is calculated by substituting the values ​​into the compensation formula. Finally, the compensated delay is transmitted to the signal fusion module to participate in the location data fusion.

[0066] Furthermore, this embodiment also includes a dynamic calibration module.

[0067] The dynamic calibration module periodically calibrates the correction coefficient k of the delay compensation module to ensure the accuracy of delay compensation during long-term operation and avoid the accumulation of positioning errors caused by equipment aging and environmental changes.

[0068] In this embodiment, the dynamic calibration module performs dynamic calibration every three months, balancing calibration accuracy and operational efficiency.

[0069] The calibration process is as follows:

[0070] First, a standard UHF pulse signal is injected into one side of the partition through the calibration interface reserved in the compartment; then, the time delay data of the symmetrical sensors on both sides of the partition are collected simultaneously, and the measured time delay is recorded. Then, based on the known propagation delay of the standard signal, the attenuation correlation correction coefficient is calculated in reverse. The actual value is compared with the current delay compensation module. The value is corrected; finally, all data in the calibration process is recorded, including the injected signal parameters, measured delay, and corrected k value, forming a calibration log for easy traceability in subsequent operation and maintenance.

[0071] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-compartment GIS equipment power supply positioning cross-compartment collaborative layout structure, characterized in that, include: The core sensor group, which is arranged in each main compartment of the GIS equipment, is used to collect the UHF pulse signal of the main compartment's power supply and use it as the main positioning data. An edge sensor group is arranged at the flange interface between compartments. The edge sensor group is used to collect UHF pulse signals propagating across compartments and as auxiliary positioning data. A signal fusion module is used to establish the compartment-sensor correlation matrix. The signal fusion module fuses the time delay data of the core sensor group and the edge sensor group through a weighted fusion algorithm.

2. The multi-compartment GIS equipment power supply positioning cross-compartment collaborative layout structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main compartment includes the circuit breaker compartment and the busbar compartment. When the volume of the main compartment is ≤5m³, one core sensor is installed; when the volume of the main compartment is >5m³, two core sensors are installed.

3. The multi-compartment GIS equipment power supply positioning cross-compartment collaborative layout structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The core sensor is installed at the center of the top of the main compartment or the middle of the side wall, avoiding metal protrusions and welds inside the main compartment. The line of sight of the core sensor covers more than 70% of the area of ​​the main compartment.

4. The multi-compartment GIS equipment power supply positioning cross-compartment collaborative layout structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The edge sensor group uses miniaturized penetrating UHF sensors, and two edge sensors with an included angle of 180° are symmetrically arranged 0-5cm outside each flange interface, with the detection direction of the edge sensors facing the interior of the compartment.

5. The multi-compartment GIS equipment power supply positioning cross-compartment collaborative layout structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the weighted fusion algorithm, the weight of the primary positioning data collected by the core sensor is 0.7-0.8, and the weight of the auxiliary positioning data collected by the edge sensor is 0.2-0.3; the signal fusion module dynamically adjusts the weights according to the signal-to-noise ratio of the UHF pulse signal.

6. The multi-compartment GIS equipment power supply positioning cross-compartment collaborative layout structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes symmetrical sensor groups arranged on both sides of the metal partition of the compartment. The symmetrical sensor groups are coaxially aligned with the metal partition, with a coaxial alignment deviation of ≤2cm. The distance between each symmetrical sensor group and the surface of the metal partition is 8±2cm.

7. The multi-compartment GIS equipment power supply positioning cross-compartment collaborative layout structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: The database of material-thickness-attenuation coefficient is pre-stored and the attenuation coefficient calibration module of the corresponding UHF signal penetration attenuation coefficient is called. In addition, a time delay compensation module is introduced to compensate for time delay by incorporating attenuation coefficient and partition thickness correction term.

8. The multi-compartment GIS equipment power supply positioning cross-compartment collaborative layout structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The compensation formula for the delay compensation module is: ;in, To compensate for the subsequent delay; This is the actual measured delay; This refers to the thickness of the partition. The relative permittivity of the partition plate; The speed of light in a vacuum ； The attenuation-related correction coefficient is provided by the attenuation coefficient calibration module.

9. The multi-compartment GIS equipment power supply positioning cross-compartment collaborative layout structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a dynamic calibration module. The calibration steps of the Dongtao calibration module are as follows: First, a standard UHF pulse signal is injected into one side of the partition through the calibration interface reserved in the compartment; then, the time delay data of the symmetrical sensors on both sides of the partition are collected synchronously; after that, the attenuation correlation correction coefficient is calculated in reverse based on the known propagation time delay of the standard signal. The actual value is compared with the current delay compensation module. The value is corrected; finally, all data from the calibration process is recorded.

10. The multi-compartment GIS equipment power supply positioning cross-compartment collaborative layout structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the thickness of the metal partition is greater than 10mm or it is a double-layer partition, two auxiliary symmetrical sensors are arranged on each side of the partition.

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