Non-pressure fuel oil filling system based on fluid driving, filling method and mining equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a non-pressure fuel oil filling system and method based on fluid driving and mining equipment, and the system comprises a fuel oil tank which is used as a fuel oil storage main body; the receiver serves as an initial channel for fuel oil to enter and comprises a filling port plug, a receiver shell and a filling reset spring, the filling port plug is movably installed at the inlet end of the receiver shell, and the filling reset spring is installed between the filling port plug and the receiver shell in a sleeved mode; the controller is fixed to the side, away from the oil gun, of the receiver, the controller comprises a switching valve element capable of moving in the axial direction, and the switching valve element can open or close an oil filling window in the controller under the action of the fluid pressure difference; the respirator is mounted at the top of the fuel tank and comprises an air intake and exhaust structure for balancing air pressure inside and outside the fuel tank and a cut-off floating ball capable of ascending and descending along with the oil level in the fuel tank; and two ends of the control oil pipe are respectively communicated with the controller and the respirator. The method is suitable for mine scenes, and has both safety and protection.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a fluid-driven pressureless fuel filling system, a filling method and a mining equipment, belonging to the field of mining equipment. BACKGROUND

[0002] As the core production tool of mining industry, the power system of mining equipment (such as large mining trucks, excavators, etc.) generally relies on large power engines. In order to meet the endurance requirements of long-time continuous operation, such equipment is equipped with large-capacity fuel tanks (the single tank volume often reaches hundreds to thousands of liters). Large-capacity fuel tanks need to be matched with fast fuel filling systems to shorten the equipment downtime for refueling. The system has become a key component to ensure the continuity of modern mining equipment production. The core components of the existing fast filling system include a fast filling receiver (referred to as "receiver") and a breather, etc. Its working principle is based on the pressure trigger cut-off in the fuel tank: during fuel filling, the receiver is connected to the fuel gun and introduces fuel, and the breather simultaneously discharges the air in the tank replaced by the fuel injection to ensure smooth filling; when the tank level reaches the preset height, the float ball in the breather rises to block the exhaust hole, forming a transient high pressure in the tank. This pressure is transmitted to the fuel gun to trigger its automatic cut-off of fuel supply, completing the filling.

[0003] However, the mining operation environment has the characteristics of high dust and strong vibration. The fuel tank is used in this environment for a long time, which may cause problems such as aging of the sealing element and cracking of the tank body weld, resulting in failure of the tank seal. At this time, the tank cannot form the high pressure required for trigger cut-off, and the automatic cut-off function of the filling system is lost, and the fuel will continue to overflow. Due to the presence of a large number of mechanical sparks, electrical equipment and flammable and explosive dust in the mine site, the spilled fuel is extremely easy to cause fire, explosion and other safety accidents, posing a serious threat to personnel life and equipment property. The cut-off failure caused by the sealing failure has become the core safety hazard of the existing system in the mine scene. In addition, the existing system also has two key problems: first, the fuel anti-theft capability is missing. The traditional receiver is designed with a fuel drain structure similar to the fuel gun for easy maintenance. The fuel drain channel can be opened by physical operation in the non-filling state, which causes the mining equipment to often face the risk of fuel theft; second, the risk of fuel leakage when the tank overturns. The road surface in the mining operation area is mostly a temporary road with large slope and many gravel. The equipment is easy to tilt or even overturn when turning or avoiding obstacles, and the airway of the existing breather is always in a non-sealed state to maintain the normal connection and disconnection between the tank and the atmosphere. When the tank overturns, fuel will flow out in large quantities through the breather airway, further expanding the accident hazard range.

[0004] In summary, the demand for fuel filling system in the mine scene has far exceeded the single function of fast filling, and it is also necessary to consider the three major demands of safety cut-off in case of sealing failure, fuel anti-theft in non-filling state and anti-leakage in overturning condition. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the problems of the prior art, the application provides a fluid-driven pressureless fuel filling system, a filling method and mine equipment, which are suitable for mine scenes and have safety and protection.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the application adopts a fluid-driven pressureless fuel filling system, which comprises: A fuel tank, as a fuel storage main body, is used for storing fuel required by mine equipment. A receiver, as an initial channel for fuel to enter, is used for being connected with a fuel gun to receive fuel filling, and the receiver comprises a filling plug, a receiver shell and a filling reset spring, the filling plug is movably installed at an inlet end of the receiver shell, and the filling reset spring is sleeved between the filling plug and the receiver shell and is used for resetting the filling plug. A controller is fixed on a side of the receiver away from the fuel gun, and the controller comprises a switching valve spool which can move in an axial direction, and the switching valve spool can open or close a fuel window on the controller under the action of a fluid pressure difference. A breather is installed on the top of the fuel tank, and the breather comprises an air inlet and outlet structure for balancing the air pressure inside and outside the fuel tank and a cut-off float ball which can rise and fall with the oil level in the fuel tank. A control oil pipe is in communication with the controller and the breather at both ends. When fuel is filled, the fuel gun is connected with the receiver and exerts pressure, the switching valve spool moves under the action of the pressure difference between the front and back sides, the fuel window is opened, fuel flows into the fuel tank, and the air in the fuel tank is discharged through the air inlet and outlet structure of the breather; when the oil level in the fuel tank rises to the height of the cut-off float ball, the cut-off float ball rises and blocks the communication port of the control oil pipe and the breather, the switching valve spool in the controller reversely moves, the fuel window is closed, the pressure in the controller is synchronously increased, and the fuel gun is automatically cut off to stop fuel filling.

[0007] As an improvement, the receiver further comprises a supporting piston and a limiting snap spring, the limiting snap spring is installed in the receiver shell and is used for limiting the axial displacement of the filling plug, and the supporting piston is installed between the receiver shell and the filling plug and is used for guiding the axial displacement of the filling plug. When the fuel gun is connected with the receiver, the filling plug is extruded, the filling reset spring is compressed, and a fuel flow passage is formed; after the fuel gun is removed, the filling reset spring drives the filling plug to reset and block the inlet of the receiver shell.

[0008] As an improvement, a sealing clamping groove is arranged on the outer wall of the receiver shell, and the sealing clamping groove is adapted with the fuel gun to form a sealing connection.

[0009] As an improvement, the controller also includes a controller housing and a drain pipe. The drain pipe is fixed inside the controller housing, with one end extending to the refueling window and slidingly connected to the valve core of the switching valve, and the other end extending to the connection point between the controller and the receiver.

[0010] As an improvement, the controller also includes a controller base, which is fixedly connected to the controller housing, and a seal is provided at the connection between the two; the controller housing, the controller base, and the switching valve core together form a sealed cavity, and fuel enters the sealed cavity through the receiver; when the pressure in the control oil pipe increases, the switching valve core closes the refueling window under pressure drive.

[0011] As an improvement, the controller and receiver form a linked anti-theft structure; after the fuel filling is cut off, the valve core of the switching valve remains in the closed filling window position, dividing the fuel tank into a fuel side connected to the sealed cavity and an external side connected to the receiver; in the non-filling state, the fuel on the fuel side cannot flow to the outside through the closed filling window and receiver.

[0012] As an improvement, the control oil pipe is installed inside or outside the fuel tank; one end of the control oil pipe is sealed and connected to the first control oil pipe joint of the controller, and the other end is sealed and connected to the second control oil pipe joint of the breather, ensuring that the pressure signal is transmitted in the control oil pipe.

[0013] As an improvement, the intake and exhaust structure includes a breather housing, an exhaust valve, an intake filter, an intake bend, and an intake valve. The exhaust valve is installed on the exhaust end of the intake and exhaust structure via an exhaust valve shaft to allow air in the fuel tank to be discharged outward. The intake bend is fixed to the intake end of the breather housing, the intake valve is installed at the end of the intake bend, and the intake filter is fitted onto the inlet of the intake bend to filter the air entering the fuel tank.

[0014] As an improvement, the respirator also includes an anti-tipping structure, which includes a float chamber, a return spring, and a tipping float. The float chamber is connected to the respirator shell and is located above the cut-off float. The return spring and the tipping float are respectively installed in the float chamber. One end of the return spring is connected to the upper part of the float chamber, and the other end is connected to the tipping float. When the fuel tank is working normally, the overturning buoy is located at the bottom of the buoy compartment under the action of the return spring, and the internal passage of the buoy compartment and the intake and exhaust structure are unobstructed. When the fuel tank tilts, fuel enters the buoy compartment, and the overturning buoy rises under buoyancy to block the passage and prevent fuel leakage.

[0015] As an improvement, the respirator also includes a shut-off valve, which includes a shut-off valve support, a shut-off return spring, a shut-off float, and a shut-off valve body; The cut-off reset spring, cut-off float, and cut-off valve body are mounted on the cut-off valve support from top to bottom. The upper end of the cut-off reset spring is connected to the cut-off valve support, and the lower end is connected to the cut-off float through a positioning nut. The lower end of the cut-off float is fitted with a cut-off valve plate through a fastening screw. The upper end of the cut-off valve body has multiple overflow ports that cooperate with the cut-off valve plate to open or close. The lower end of the cut-off valve body is connected to the control oil pipe. When the fuel level in the fuel tank drops, the buoyancy of the cut-off float decreases, and the combined force of the cut-off reset spring and the weight of the float causes it to descend, opening the overflow port of the cut-off valve body and controlling the pressure in the oil pipe to return to normal pressure.

[0016] As an improvement, when the fuel level in the fuel tank is at its highest position, the shut-off valve blocks the overflow port, controls the pressure in the fuel line to rise, and the switching valve core keeps the refueling window closed; when the fuel level in the fuel tank drops, after the control fuel line is opened, the pressure on the back side of the switching valve core is less than the front refueling pressure, and the switching valve core moves under the action of pressure difference to open the refueling window, which is used to open the refueling when the fuel level is insufficient.

[0017] A second aspect of the present invention also provides a fluid-driven unpressurized fuel dispensing method, employing the aforementioned fluid-driven unpressurized fuel dispensing system, comprising the following steps: S1. Refueling preparation: Connect the refueling nozzle to the receiver, squeeze the refueling port plug to form a seal, and apply pressure with the refueling nozzle to trigger the switching valve core to move. S2, Fuel Injection: The switching valve core opens the refueling window, and fuel flows into the fuel tank through the receiver and controller. Air in the fuel tank is discharged through the intake and exhaust structure of the breather to maintain normal pressure in the tank. S3 Automatic Cut-off: When the fuel tank level rises to the cut-off float position, the cut-off float rises, causing the pressure in the control oil pipe to increase, pushing the valve core of the switching valve to close the refueling window, and the pressure in the controller triggers the refueling nozzle to cut off; S4. System Reset: Remove the fuel nozzle, and the fuel reset spring will reset the fuel filler plug; after fuel is used, the fuel level drops, and the float will drop to restore the pressure in the control oil pipe and controller to normal pressure, waiting for the next fuel filling.

[0018] As an improvement, if the fuel tank tilts at any stage of steps S2-S4: fuel enters the float chamber of the breather, the overturned float rises under buoyancy, blocking the passage of the intake and exhaust structure, stopping intake and exhaust and preventing fuel leakage. After the equipment returns to stability, the overturned float descends under the action of the return spring, restoring the intake and exhaust function.

[0019] In a third aspect, the present invention also provides a mining equipment, wherein the mining equipment is equipped with the fluid-driven unpressurized fuel refueling system described above; the fuel tank is an original fuel storage component of the mining equipment, and the combination of receiver and controller can be installed on the side wall or bottom of the fuel tank or indirectly connected to the fuel tank through a preset pipeline.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the fluid-driven unpressurized fuel dispensing system of the present invention has the following advantages: (1) By transmitting the pressure signal of the breather through the control oil pipe, the valve core of the switching valve of the controller is driven to realize the filling cut-off. The cutting-off power comes from the pressure difference between the filling pressure on the receiver side and the control oil pipe pressure, rather than the traditional internal pressure of the fuel tank. When the fuel tank cannot build up internal pressure due to sealing failure (such as tank body damage or interface leakage), this system can still cut off the float to block the control oil pipe connection port, increase the control oil pipe pressure, trigger the valve core of the switching valve to close the filling window, fundamentally avoiding the problem of the traditional system's inability to automatically cut off filling and the large amount of fuel overflow, and completely eliminating the risk of fire caused by overflowing fuel.

[0021] (2) The controller is fixed on the side of the receiver away from the fuel nozzle, and the switching valve core only opens the refueling window when refueling (the fuel nozzle applies pressure to create a pressure difference). After refueling is cut off, the valve core remains closed. This structure naturally separates the fuel tank from the receiver into the fuel side (connected to the fuel tank) and the external side (connected to the receiver inlet) through the controller. Even if the refueling port plug of the receiver is physically operated in the non-refueling state, the closed refueling window can block the fuel flow path. Without damaging the fuel tank body, it completely avoids the problem of traditional receivers being able to quickly steal fuel through the fuel draining device, thus achieving stability and reliability of fuel anti-theft.

[0022] (3) The intake and exhaust structure of the breather works in conjunction with the cut-off float and is combined with the system's anti-tipping design: when the fuel tank tilts, fuel enters the breather and pushes the float (such as the overturning float) up to block the intake and exhaust channels. This design avoids the overturning leakage problem caused by traditional breathers keeping the channels open to balance air pressure, prevents fuel from flowing out of the breather and coming into contact with ignition sources, significantly reduces the risk of secondary fires caused by fuel leakage after overturning accidents in mining equipment, and improves the safety of equipment under extreme working conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the receiver structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the controller of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the controller's usage state according to the present invention; in the figure, (a) shows the controller switching valve closing the refueling window, and (b) shows the controller switching valve opening the refueling window; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the anti-theft mechanism of the controller switching valve and receiver in this invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the respirator of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the respirator of the present invention in use; in the figure, (a) is the respirator shut-off valve opening control oil pipe channel, and (b) is the respirator shut-off valve closing control oil pipe channel; Figure 8 This is the gas passage for the normal breathing state of the respirator of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the leak prevention mechanism for the breather when the fuel tank tilts, according to the present invention. In the diagram: 100, fuel tank; 200. Receiver; 201. Filling port plug; 202. Receiver housing; 203. Support piston; 204. Filling return spring; 205. Limiting snap ring; 206. Sealing slot. 300. Controller; 301. Controller housing; 302. Fixing nut; 303. First control oil pipe connector; 304. Controller base; 305. Switching valve core; 306. Drain pipe; 307. Refueling window. 400. Control the oil pipe; 500. Breathing apparatus; 501. Breathing apparatus housing; 502. Exhaust valve shaft; 503. Exhaust valve; 504. Intake filter; 505. Intake bend; 506. Intake valve; 507. Shut-off valve support; 508. Float chamber; 509. Return spring; 510. Overturning float; 511. Shut-off return spring; 512. Shut-off float; 513. Positioning nut; 514. Shut-off valve body; 515. Second control oil pipe connector; 516. Shut-off valve plate; 517. Fastening screw; A. Switching valve, B. Inlet and outlet structure, C. Anti-tipping structure, D. Shut-off valve. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be described in detail below through specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments of this application and the specific features in the embodiments are detailed descriptions of the technical solutions of this application, rather than limitations on the technical solutions of this application. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of this application and the technical features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0026] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "front," "rear," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0027] like Figures 1-9 As shown, a fluid-driven unpressurized fuel dispensing system includes a fuel tank 100, a receiver 200, a controller 300, a control fuel line 400, and a breather 500. The fuel tank 100 serves as the main fuel storage unit for mining equipment. Its top is reserved with a breathing apparatus installation interface (for breathing apparatus 500), and its side walls / bottom are reserved with pipe or component installation interfaces. All equipment in the refueling system (receiver 200, controller 300, breathing apparatus 500, etc.) are connected to the fuel tank 100 by direct fixing or pipe connection to ensure the integrity of fuel flow and pressure control. The receiver 200 serves as the initial fuel inlet channel, used to connect with the fuel nozzle and achieve a sealed fit. The receiver 200 includes a filling port plug 201, a receiver housing 202, and a filling return spring 204. The filling port plug 201 is movably installed at the inlet end of the receiver housing 202. The filling return spring 204 is fitted between the filling port plug 201 and the receiver housing 202. When the fuel nozzle squeezes the filling port plug 201, it compresses the filling return spring 204 to form a fuel flow passage. After the fuel nozzle is removed, the filling return spring 204 drives the filling port plug 201 to return to its original position. The controller 300 is connected to the receiver 200 on the side away from the refueling nozzle via a thread. The controller 300 includes a switching valve A and a controller housing 301. The switching valve A mainly includes a switching valve core 305 and a drain pipe 306. The drain pipe 306 is fixed inside the controller housing 301 by a fixing nut 302. One end of the drain pipe 306 extends to the connection between the receiver 200 and the controller 300 and is used to introduce high-pressure oil flowing in through the receiver 200. The switching valve core 305 can move axially. Under the pressure difference between the oil pressure in the drain pipe 306 and the pressure in the control oil pipe 400, the switching valve A is driven to operate, thereby opening or closing the refueling window 307 on the controller housing 301. The breather 500 is installed on the top of the fuel tank 100. The breather 500 includes an intake and exhaust structure B, a shut-off valve D, and an anti-tipping structure C. The intake and exhaust structure B is used to balance the air pressure inside and outside the fuel tank 100. The shut-off float 512 in the shut-off valve D can rise and fall with the fuel level in the fuel tank 100. The opening / closing of the shut-off valve D is controlled by the balance between buoyancy and spring force. The two ends of the control oil pipe 400 are respectively sealed and connected to the control oil pipe joints of the controller 300 and the breather 500, and are used to transmit the pressure signal of the breather 500 to provide pressure basis for the action of the switching valve A; When refueling: 1) When the fuel nozzle is connected to the receiver 200 and pressure is applied, if the fuel level in the fuel tank 100 is lower than the cut-off float 512, the weight of the cut-off float 512 and the elastic force of the cut-off return spring 511 are greater than the buoyancy, the cut-off valve D opens, the control oil pipe 400 is connected to the atmosphere, the pressure on the back side of the switching valve core 305 is less than the fuel nozzle filling pressure, the valve core moves backward to open the filling window 307, fuel flows into the fuel tank 100, and the air in the fuel tank 100 is discharged through the intake and exhaust structure B; 2) When the fuel level in the fuel tank 100 rises to the position of the cut-off float 512, the buoyancy of the cut-off float 512 is greater than its own weight and spring force, which drives the cut-off valve plate 516 to block the overflow port of the cut-off valve body 514, the cut-off valve D closes, the pressure of the oil introduced into the control oil pipe 400 through the diversion pipe 306 increases, and drives the valve core 305 of the switching valve to move in the opposite direction to close the refueling window 307. The pressure in the controller 300 rises and triggers the refueling gun to automatically cut off. 3) After fuel is used, the fuel level drops, and the weight of the cut-off float 512 and the spring force are greater than the buoyancy again. The cut-off valve D opens, and the pressure in the control oil pipe 400 and controller 300 returns to normal pressure. The fuel tank 100 takes in air through the intake and exhaust structure B to balance the air pressure.

[0028] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2As shown, the receiver 200 also includes a support piston 203 and a limiting snap ring 205. The limiting snap ring 205 is installed inside the receiver housing 202 near the outlet end to limit the maximum axial displacement of the filling port plug 201. The support piston 203 is installed inside the receiver housing 202 and slides against the inner wall of the filling port plug 201, which can guide the axial movement of the filling port plug 201, ensuring smooth opening and resetting processes and preventing sealing problems caused by displacement. The supporting piston 203 and the limiting snap ring 205 work together to ensure the stable operation of the filling plug 201 and improve the reliability of the receiver 200.

[0029] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the outer wall of the receiver housing 202 (near the inlet end) is provided with a sealing groove 206. The sealing groove 206 can be directly adapted to the nozzle sealing structure of the existing standard fuel nozzle. When the fuel nozzle is connected to the receiver 200, a leak-free radial seal can be quickly formed. This eliminates the need to replace the special fuel nozzle (ensuring system universality and compatibility with existing mine refueling equipment) and prevents fuel from leaking from the connection gap during refueling, thus balancing ease of operation and sealing reliability.

[0030] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the controller 300 also includes a controller base 304, which is fixedly connected to the controller housing 301 and has a sealing element at the connection. The two, together with the switching valve core 305, form a sealed cavity. Fuel enters the sealed cavity through the receiver 200. When the pressure in the control oil pipe 400 increases, the pressure in the sealed cavity and the pressure in the control oil pipe work together to push the switching valve core 305 to move axially, ultimately closing the refueling window 307.

[0031] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, the controller 300 and receiver 200 form a linked anti-theft structure: after the fuel filling is cut off, the switching valve core 305 remains in the closed position of the refueling window 307 due to the pressure balance on the front and rear sides (no pressure difference drive), thereby dividing the fuel tank 100 into two parts: the fuel side (storing fuel) connected to the controller's sealed cavity, and the external side (exposed to the atmosphere) connected to the internal channel of the receiver 200. In the non-filling state, even if the refueling port plug 201 of the receiver 200 is forcibly opened by external force, the fuel on the fuel side cannot flow to the outside through the controller because the refueling window 307 is always closed, thus achieving fuel anti-theft.

[0032] In some embodiments, the installation position of the control oil pipe 400 can be flexibly selected; it can be installed inside the fuel tank 100 (to avoid damage from external collisions) or fixed outside the fuel tank 100 (for easy inspection and maintenance). As long as its two ends are directly and sealedly connected to the first control oil pipe connector 303 of the controller 300 and the second control oil pipe connector 515 of the breather 500, the pressure signal can be transmitted without loss within the pipe, ensuring the accuracy of the system's control actions. Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown.

[0033] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6 As shown, the intake and exhaust structure B is used to balance the air pressure inside and outside the fuel tank 100, and mainly includes a breather housing 501, an exhaust assembly (exhaust valve shaft 502, exhaust valve 503) and an intake assembly (intake filter 504, intake bend 505, intake valve 506): The exhaust valve 503 in the exhaust assembly is installed at the exhaust end of the breather housing 501 via the exhaust valve shaft 502, allowing only the air in the fuel tank 100 to be discharged (when refueling, the fuel compresses the air, pushing the exhaust valve to open); the intake bend 505 in the intake assembly is fixed to the intake end of the breather housing 501, and the end is equipped with an intake valve 506 (allowing only outside air to enter), and the inlet is fitted with an intake filter 504, which can filter impurities in the air and prevent fuel contamination; By combining one-way exhaust with filtered air intake, both air pressure balance and fuel cleanliness are ensured.

[0034] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 , Figure 9 As shown, the respirator 500 also includes an anti-tipping structure C, which includes a float chamber 508, a return spring 509, and a tipping float 510. The float chamber 508 is a hollow cavity connected to the respirator shell 501 and is located directly above the cut-off float 512 (ensuring that fuel cannot contact the float chamber 508 under normal fuel levels). It has a vertical airflow channel inside, one end of which is connected to the main airflow channel of the intake and exhaust structure B, and the other end extends to the bottom of the float chamber 508. When the fuel tank 100 is working normally (horizontal state): the fuel level in the fuel tank 100 is lower than the bottom port of the float 508, and fuel cannot enter the interior of the float 508; the overturning float 510 is stably stopped at the bottom of the float 508 under the continuous elastic force of the return spring 509. At this time, the airflow channel in the float 508 is completely unobstructed, and the main airflow channel of the intake and exhaust structure B can normally realize filling and exhaust, ensuring that the air pressure inside and outside the fuel tank 100 is always balanced with the atmospheric pressure; When the fuel tank 100 tilts (e.g., tilt angle ≥ 30°): the fuel level in the fuel tank 100 tilts with the tilt of the equipment, and the fuel flows into the airflow channel of the float chamber 508; the overturning float 510 floats upward under the buoyancy of the fuel, and simultaneously compresses the return spring 509 until the top spherical surface of the overturning float 510 is tightly fitted with the sealing surface of the channel in the float chamber 508, completely blocking the airflow channel connecting the float chamber 508 and the intake and exhaust structure B; at this time, the fuel can no longer leak to the outside through the exhaust port or intake port of the intake and exhaust structure B, avoiding the leakage of fuel from contacting the fire source in the mining environment and causing a safety accident; After the fuel tank 100 returns to a stable state: the fuel in the float chamber 508 flows smoothly back to the fuel tank 100 with the equipment, the buoyancy of the overturned float 510 disappears, the return spring 509 releases the compression force, causing the overturned float 510 to fall back to the bottom of the float chamber 508, the vertical airflow channel of the float chamber 508 is restored to unobstructed, and the air pressure balance function of the intake and exhaust structure B is restored simultaneously.

[0035] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 , Figure 7 As shown, the respirator 500 also includes a shut-off valve D, which includes a shut-off valve support 507, a shut-off return spring 511, a shut-off float 512, and a shut-off valve body 514. The shut-off valve support 507 can be integrated with the respirator housing 501 or it can be separate. The shut-off return spring 511, shut-off float 512, and shut-off valve body 514 are mounted on the shut-off valve support 507 from top to bottom. The upper end of the shut-off return spring 511 is connected to the shut-off valve support 507, and the lower end is connected to the shut-off float 512 through the positioning nut 513. The lower end of the shut-off float 512 is equipped with a shut-off valve plate 516 through a fastening screw 517. The upper end of the shut-off valve body 514 has multiple overflow ports that cooperate with the shut-off valve plate 516 to open or close. The lower end of the shut-off valve body 514 is connected to the control oil pipe 400. Open state: When the fuel level in the fuel tank 100 is low, the buoyancy of the cut-off float 512 is less than its own weight and the elastic force of the cut-off return spring 511. The cut-off float 512 descends, causing the cut-off valve plate 516 to disengage from the overflow port of the cut-off valve body 514, controlling the oil pipe 400 to connect with the breather 500, and the pressure returns to normal pressure. Closed state: When the fuel level in the fuel tank 100 is high, the buoyancy of the cut-off float 512 is greater than its own weight and the elastic force of the cut-off return spring 511, the cut-off float 512 rises, the cut-off valve plate 516 blocks the overflow port, the control oil pipe 400 is isolated from the breather 500, and the oil pressure increases.

[0036] A second aspect of the present invention also provides a fluid-driven unpressurized fuel dispensing method, employing the aforementioned fluid-driven unpressurized fuel dispensing system, comprising the following steps: S1. Refueling Preparation: Insert the refueling nozzle into the inlet of the receiver 200, and press the refueling port plug 201 axially to compress the refueling return spring 204 and move it backward until the sealing structure of the refueling nozzle head fits into the sealing groove 206 of the receiver housing 202, forming a leak-free seal; at this time, the refueling nozzle applies continuous pressure to the receiver 200 to provide initial triggering force for the subsequent switching valve operation; S2, Pressure Assessment and Window Opening: The controller 300 senses and controls the pressure signal transmitted by the oil pipe 400 in real time. If the fuel level in the fuel tank 100 is lower than the preset value (requiring refueling), the shut-off valve D of the breather 500 is in the open state (the shut-off float 512 is lowered by gravity and the spring force of the shut-off return spring 511, opening the overflow port of the shut-off valve body 514), controlling the oil pipe 400 to be connected to the atmosphere, and maintaining normal pressure inside; The filling pressure applied by the filling gun acts on the front side of the switching valve core 305 (the side near the receiver 200), making the pressure on the front side of the valve core greater than the normal pressure on the rear side (the side near the control oil pipe 400). The switching valve core 305 moves backward along the axis, opening the filling window 307 on the controller 300. Fuel flows into fuel tank 100 sequentially through the internal channel of receiver 200, controller 300, and refueling window 307. At the same time, the compressed air in fuel tank 100 is discharged through the intake and exhaust structure B of breather 500 (exhaust valve 503 is open), ensuring that the air pressure in the tank is balanced with atmospheric pressure and avoiding refueling obstruction. S3. Automatic shut-off: As fuel is continuously injected, the fuel level in the fuel tank 100 gradually rises. When the fuel level rises to the preset height of the cut-off float 512, the buoyancy of the cut-off float 512 increases, and the buoyancy is greater than its own weight and the elastic force of the cut-off return spring 511, which drives the cut-off valve plate 516 to move upward, blocking the overflow port of the cut-off valve body 514, and the cut-off valve D switches to the closed state. The connection between the control oil pipe 400 and the breather 500 is cut off. The internal residual oil pressure increases as fuel continues to flow in (replenished through the drain pipe 306). The pressure signal is transmitted to the rear side of the switching valve core 305. When the pressure on the rear side of the switching valve core 305 is greater than the filling pressure on the front side, it moves forward along the axis until the filling window 307 is completely closed; fuel cannot flow in the sealed cavity of the controller 300, and the pressure rises synchronously. This pressure is transmitted to the pressure sensing component of the filling gun, triggering the filling gun to automatically cut off the fuel output. S4, System Reset: After the fuel nozzle is removed, the refueling reset spring 204 releases its elastic force, pushing the refueling port plug 201 to reset along the guide axis of the support piston 203, resealing the inlet end of the receiver 200; at this time, the switching valve core 305 remains in the closed refueling window 307 position because the pressure on the rear side (control oil pipe 400) has not been released, dividing the fuel tank 100 into the "fuel side" (connected to the sealed cavity of the controller 300, storing fuel) and the "outer side" (connected to the inlet of the receiver 200, in contact with the atmosphere); Anti-theft logic in effect: In non-filling state, even if the filling port plug 201 is forcibly opened by external force (such as damaging the inlet of receiver 200), because the filling window 307 is completely blocked by the switching valve core 305, the fuel on the fuel side cannot flow through the controller 300 to the outside side of receiver 200, thus forming a physical anti-theft isolation. When the fuel in the fuel tank 100 is consumed due to equipment operation and the fuel level drops below the trigger height of the cut-off float 512, the cut-off float 512 descends, the cut-off valve D reopens, the pressure in the control oil pipe 400 and controller 300 returns to normal pressure, the valve core 305 of the switching valve is unlocked, and it waits for the next refueling. The anti-theft status is also released simultaneously. At any stage from step S2 (fuel injection) to S4 (system reset), if the fuel tank 100 tilts due to the bumpy terrain of the mine or an accident (e.g., tilt angle ≥30°): the fuel level in the fuel tank 100 tilts, and the fuel enters the float chamber 508 through the channel of the breather housing 501; the overturned float 510 rises under the buoyancy of the fuel, compressing the reset spring 509 until the connecting channel between the float chamber 508 and the intake and exhaust structure B is blocked, preventing fuel leakage through the intake and exhaust ports; after the mining equipment returns to stability, the fuel in the float chamber 508 flows back to the fuel tank 100, the overturned float 510 descends under the action of the reset spring 509, the channel is restored to unobstructed, and the intake and exhaust structure B re-achieves pressure balance. Finally, in a third aspect, the present invention also provides a mining equipment that is specially equipped with the above-mentioned fluid-driven unpressurized fuel filling system, which is designed for the characteristics of mining operating environments (such as compact space, severe vibration, and high fuel safety requirements), to achieve integrated protection of safe fuel filling, anti-theft and anti-tipping. The mining equipment includes heavy equipment such as mining trucks, mining excavators, and mining loaders that require frequent fuel replenishment. The system and equipment assembly logic are fully compatible with the original factory structure. Fuel tank 100 compatibility: Fuel tank 100 directly adopts the original fuel storage components of mining equipment, without the need to modify the original fuel tank structure of the equipment (such as drilling or welding). Only the breather installation interface reserved on the top of the fuel tank and the pipeline interface reserved on the side wall / bottom are needed to achieve quick docking of the system and the equipment, reducing the equipment modification cost and assembly difficulty. If there is sufficient installation space on the side wall or bottom of the fuel tank 100 of the mining equipment (such as the side of the fuel tank of a mining loader), the receiver 200 and the controller 300 can be directly fixed to the side wall or bottom of the fuel tank 100 with bolts, so that the fuel flows into the fuel tank through a short path, reducing pipeline loss and leakage risk. If the equipment space is limited (such as the fuel tank of a mining truck being blocked by other parts), the combination of the receiver 200 and the controller 300 can be installed in a convenient operating position of the equipment (such as near the cab) through a pre-set high-pressure resistant metal pipeline, and then indirectly connected to the fuel tank 100 through the pipeline, which ensures the convenience of refueling operation and adapts to the complex spatial layout of the equipment.

[0037] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-described technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fluid-driven, pressureless fuel dispensing system, characterized in that, include: The fuel tank, as the main fuel storage unit, is used to store the fuel required by mining equipment; The receiver, serving as the initial channel for fuel entry, is used to connect with the fuel nozzle to receive fuel. The receiver includes a filling port plug, a receiver housing, and a filling return spring. The filling port plug is movably installed at the inlet end of the receiver housing, and the filling return spring is fitted between the filling port plug and the receiver housing to reset the filling port plug. A controller is fixed to the side of the receiver away from the refueling nozzle. The controller includes a switching valve core that can move axially. The switching valve core can open or close the refueling window on the controller under the action of fluid pressure difference. A breather, installed on the top of the fuel tank, includes an intake and exhaust structure for balancing the air pressure inside and outside the fuel tank, and a cut-off float that can rise and fall with the fuel level in the fuel tank. The control oil pipe is connected at both ends to the controller and the breather, respectively. During fuel refueling, the fuel nozzle connects to the receiver and applies pressure. The valve core of the switching valve moves under the pressure difference between the front and rear sides, opening the refueling window. Fuel flows into the fuel tank, and the air in the fuel tank is discharged through the intake and exhaust structure of the breather. When the fuel level in the fuel tank rises to the height of the cut-off float, the cut-off float rises and blocks the connection between the control oil pipe and the breather. This drives the valve core of the switching valve in the controller to move in the opposite direction, closing the refueling window. The pressure in the controller rises synchronously and triggers the fuel nozzle to automatically cut off fuel refueling.

2. The fluid-driven unpressurized fuel dispensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The receiver also includes a support piston and a limiting snap ring. The limiting snap ring is installed inside the receiver housing to limit the axial displacement of the filling port plug. The support piston is installed between the receiver housing and the filling port plug to guide the axial displacement of the filling port plug. When the fuel nozzle is connected to the receiver, squeezing the filling port plug compresses the filling reset spring to form a fuel flow passage. After the refueling nozzle is removed, the refueling reset spring drives the refueling port plug to reset and block the inlet of the receiver housing.

3. The fluid-driven unpressurized fuel dispensing system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer wall of the receiver housing is provided with a sealing groove, which is adapted to the refueling nozzle to form a sealed connection.

4. The fluid-driven unpressurized fuel dispensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The controller also includes a controller housing and a drain pipe. The drain pipe is fixed inside the controller housing. One end of the drain pipe extends to the refueling window and is slidably connected to the valve core of the switching valve. The other end extends to the connection point between the controller and the receiver.

5. The fluid-driven unpressurized fuel dispensing system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The controller also includes a controller base, which is fixedly connected to the controller housing, and a seal is provided at the connection between the two; the controller housing, the controller base, and the switching valve core together form a sealed cavity, and fuel enters the sealed cavity through the receiver; when the pressure in the control oil pipe increases, the switching valve core closes the refueling window under pressure drive.

6. The fluid-driven unpressurized fuel dispensing system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The controller and receiver form a linked anti-theft structure; after the fuel filling is cut off, the valve core of the switching valve remains in the closed filling window position, dividing the fuel tank into a fuel side connected to the sealed cavity and an external side connected to the receiver; in the non-filling state, the fuel on the fuel side cannot flow to the outside through the closed filling window and receiver.

7. The fluid-driven unpressurized fuel dispensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control oil pipe is installed inside or outside the fuel tank; one end of the control oil pipe is sealed and connected to the first control oil pipe joint of the controller, and the other end is sealed and connected to the second control oil pipe joint of the breather, ensuring that the pressure signal is transmitted in the control oil pipe.

8. The fluid-driven unpressurized fuel dispensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intake and exhaust structure includes a breather housing, an exhaust valve, an intake filter, an intake bend, and an intake valve. The exhaust valve is installed on the exhaust end of the intake and exhaust structure via an exhaust valve shaft to allow air in the fuel tank to be discharged outward. The intake bend is fixed to the intake end of the breather housing, the intake valve is installed at the end of the intake bend, and the intake filter is fitted onto the inlet of the intake bend to filter the air entering the fuel tank.

9. A fluid-driven unpressurized fuel dispensing system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The respirator also includes an anti-tipping structure, which includes a float chamber, a return spring, and a tipping float. The float chamber is connected to the respirator shell and is located above the cut-off float. The return spring and the tipping float are respectively installed in the float chamber. One end of the return spring is connected to the upper part of the float chamber, and the other end is connected to the tipping float. When the fuel tank is working normally, the overturning buoy is located at the bottom of the buoy compartment under the action of the return spring, and the internal passage of the buoy compartment and the intake and exhaust structure are unobstructed. When the fuel tank tilts, fuel enters the buoy compartment, and the overturning buoy rises under buoyancy to block the passage and prevent fuel leakage.

10. A fluid-driven, pressureless fuel dispensing system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The respirator also includes a shut-off valve, which includes a shut-off valve support, a shut-off return spring, a shut-off float, and a shut-off valve body; The cut-off reset spring, cut-off float, and cut-off valve body are mounted on the cut-off valve support from top to bottom. The upper end of the cut-off reset spring is connected to the cut-off valve support, and the lower end is connected to the cut-off float through a positioning nut. The lower end of the cut-off float is fitted with a cut-off valve plate through a fastening screw. The upper end of the cut-off valve body has multiple overflow ports that cooperate with the cut-off valve plate to open or close. The lower end of the cut-off valve body is connected to the control oil pipe. When the fuel level in the fuel tank drops, the buoyancy of the cut-off float decreases, and the combined force of the cut-off reset spring and the weight of the float causes it to descend, opening the overflow port of the cut-off valve body and controlling the pressure in the oil pipe to return to normal pressure.

11. A fluid-driven unpressurized fuel dispensing system according to claim 10, characterized in that, When the fuel level in the fuel tank is at its highest position, the shut-off valve blocks the overflow port, controlling the pressure in the fuel line to rise, and the switching valve core keeps the refueling window closed; when the fuel level in the fuel tank drops, after the control fuel line opens, the pressure on the back side of the switching valve core is less than the front refueling pressure, and the switching valve core moves under the action of the pressure difference to open the refueling window, which is used to open the refueling when the fuel level is insufficient.

12. A fluid-driven, unpressurized fuel refueling method, characterized in that, The fluid-driven unpressurized fuel dispensing system according to any one of claims 1-11 includes the following steps: S1. Refueling preparation: Connect the refueling nozzle to the receiver, squeeze the refueling port plug to form a seal, and apply pressure with the refueling nozzle to trigger the switching valve core to move. S2, Fuel Injection: The switching valve core opens the refueling window, and fuel flows into the fuel tank through the receiver and controller. Air in the fuel tank is discharged through the intake and exhaust structure of the breather to maintain normal pressure in the tank. S3 Automatic Cut-off: When the fuel tank level rises to the cut-off float position, the cut-off float rises, causing the pressure in the control oil pipe to increase, pushing the valve core of the switching valve to close the refueling window, and the pressure in the controller triggers the refueling nozzle to cut off; S4. System Reset: Remove the fuel nozzle, and the fuel reset spring will reset the fuel filler plug; after fuel is used, the fuel level drops, and the float will drop to restore the pressure in the control oil pipe and controller to normal pressure, waiting for the next fuel filling.

13. The fluid-driven unpressurized fuel refueling method according to claim 12, characterized in that, In any stage of steps S2-S4, if the fuel tank tilts: fuel enters the float chamber of the breather, the overturned float rises under buoyancy, blocking the passage of the intake and exhaust structure, stopping intake and exhaust and preventing fuel leakage. After the equipment returns to stability, the overturned float descends under the action of the return spring, restoring the intake and exhaust function.

14. A mining equipment, characterized in that, The mining equipment is equipped with a fluid-driven, pressureless fuel refueling system as described in any one of claims 1-11; the fuel tank is the original fuel storage component of the mining equipment, and the combination of receiver and controller can be installed on the side wall or bottom of the fuel tank or indirectly connected to the fuel tank through a preset pipeline.

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