Stress freezing temperature acquisition method and device of glass material, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a stress freezing temperature acquisition method and device of a glass material, electronic equipment and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: in a sealing process of a to-be-tested sealing member, acquiring real-time dependent variables of a glass material in the to-be-tested sealing member at each time node through a sensor; the sealing piece to be tested is a glass-metal sealing piece; based on the real-time dependent variable of the glass material under each time node, a driving strain rate relation is generated through fitting, and the real-time dependent variable is an in-situ monitoring result; constructing a first strain expression based on the difference value of the thermal expansion coefficients of the glass material and the metal material at different temperatures; constructing a second strain expression based on the driving strain rate relationship and the viscoelastic parameters of the glass material; and determining the stress freezing temperature of the glass material based on the first strain expression and the second strain expression. According to the embodiment of the invention, the stress freezing temperature of the glass material in the to-be-tested sealing piece can be calculated through the data measured by the experiment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of intelligent control technology for power systems, and in particular to a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for obtaining the stress freezing temperature of glass materials. Background Technology

[0002] Glass-metal sealing refers to the process of joining glass and metal through a complex physicochemical reaction involving heating and cooling. The resulting sealed components possess excellent properties such as high temperature resistance, high pressure resistance, corrosion resistance, high reliability, and long lifespan. Therefore, this technology is widely used in fields such as nuclear energy, aerospace, and electronics.

[0003] Based on their coefficients of thermal expansion, glass-metal sealing technology can be divided into matched sealing and mismatched sealing. Matched sealing refers to a sealing method where the coefficients of thermal expansion of the metal and glass involved in the sealing are very close. During the sealing process, the deformation degrees of the glass and metal are similar, resulting in lower internal thermal stress in the brittle glass. In mismatched sealing, the coefficients of thermal expansion of the glass and metal differ significantly, leading to higher internal thermal stress in the glass during the sealing process.

[0004] Glass materials possess the mechanical properties of "high compressive strength and low tensile strength," and the tensile thermal stress during the cooling process is often the direct cause of brittle failure in glass materials. Based on this, glass-metal sealing typically employs a controlled mismatch design: selecting a metal with a slightly higher coefficient of thermal expansion so that the glass is under overall pressure at room temperature, thereby improving crack resistance and sealing life.

[0005] During glass-metal sealing, the ambient temperature gradually decreases from the sealing temperature to room temperature. Due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between glass and metal, thermal stress is inevitably generated in the sealed component. To describe when thermal stress begins to accumulate, this paper defines the stress freezing temperature (also known as the structural relaxation setpoint, denoted as T). Q ): Under actual cooling rates, when the temperature is higher than T Q At a certain temperature, the viscoelastic relaxation of the glass is sufficient to eliminate thermal incompatibility strain, and the internal thermal stress can be approximated as zero (or negligible); when the temperature is below T... Q At this point, the structural rearrangement dynamics are constrained, thermal stress begins to lock in and remains as residual stress after cooling to room temperature. Since glass is a viscoelastic disordered material and does not possess a fixed phase transition temperature like crystalline materials, T... Q It is not an absolute constant of the material, but is related to factors such as glass composition, cooling process, and viscosity-temperature relationship. Current technology typically uses empirical temperatures such as annealing point / strain point instead of T. Q This can easily introduce deviations. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method that can accurately determine the stress freezing temperature T during the sealing process. Q The method is used to guide stress control and reliability design. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for obtaining the stress freezing temperature of glass materials, which can improve the technical problem in the related art of being unable to determine the solid-liquid stress freezing temperature of glass materials in glass-metal seals.

[0007] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a method for obtaining the stress freezing temperature of a glass material, the method comprising:

[0008] During the sealing process of the sealed component under test, the real-time strain of the glass material in the sealed component under test is acquired by sensors at various time points; the sealed component under test is a glass-metal sealed component.

[0009] Based on the real-time strain of the glass material at each time point, a driving strain rate relationship is fitted and generated; the driving strain rate relationship is the correspondence between the real-time strain of the sealed component under test and the time during the sealing process, and the real-time strain is the in-situ monitoring result.

[0010] Based on the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion between glass and metal at different temperatures, a first strain expression is constructed. The first strain expression is used to represent the thermal incompatibility strain of the tested sealing component during the process from the stress freezing temperature to room temperature.

[0011] Based on the driving strain rate relationship and the viscoelastic parameters of the glass material, a second strain expression is constructed; the second strain expression is used to represent the thermal incompatibility strain of the tested sealing component from the start time to the end time.

[0012] The stress freezing temperature of the glass material is determined based on the first strain expression and the second strain expression.

[0013] In some embodiments, the first strain expression includes:

[0014]

[0015] Where ε1 is the thermal incompatibility strain accumulated in the tested sealing component during the process from stress freezing temperature to room temperature, and T Q T is the stress freezing temperature. R At room temperature, α G(T) Let α be the coefficient of linear expansion of the glass material at the first instantaneous temperature T. M(T) It is the second instantaneous linear expansion coefficient of the metallic material corresponding to temperature T.

[0016] In some embodiments, before constructing the first strain expression based on the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion between the glass material and the metal material at different temperatures, the method further includes:

[0017] Based on the length change of the glass sample measured at different sampling temperatures, the first instantaneous linear expansion coefficient of the glass sample at different sampling temperatures is determined;

[0018] Based on the length change of the metal sample measured at different sampling temperatures, the second instantaneous linear expansion coefficient of the metal sample at different sampling temperatures is determined;

[0019] A first linear expansion coefficient correspondence is generated by fitting the first instantaneous linear expansion coefficient of glass samples at different sampling temperatures, and a second linear expansion coefficient correspondence is generated by fitting the second instantaneous linear expansion coefficient of metal samples at different sampling temperatures.

[0020] In some embodiments, a second strain expression is constructed based on the driving strain rate relationship and the viscoelastic parameters of the glass material, including:

[0021] Based on the real-time strain of the sealed component under test during the transition from initial temperature to room temperature, an incompatible strain expression based on relaxation time is constructed.

[0022] Based on the viscoelastic parameters of glass materials, a reduced time scale is introduced to transform the incompatible strain expression into a second strain expression.

[0023] In some embodiments, the incompatible strain expression includes:

[0024]

[0025] Among them, t R ε' is the time when the sealing process ends. g(t＇) Δα represents the incompatible strain rate of the sealing component. t Let t be the difference in thermal expansion coefficients at time t, ΔT be the temperature change interval, Δt be the time interval, τ be the relaxation time, η be the viscosity of the glass material, G be the shear modulus of the glass material, τ(t') be the relaxation time at time t', and n be the constant corresponding to the stress relaxation type.

[0026] In some embodiments, the second strain expression includes:

[0027]

[0028] Where, η s η is the viscosity of the glass material at the stress freezing temperature. t〞 Let τ be the viscosity of the glass material at time t″. s Let ξ(t) be the relaxation time of the glass material at the stress freezing temperature. R Let ξ(t') be the shrinkage time at room temperature, and let ξ(t') be the shrinkage time at time t'.

[0029] In some embodiments, before constructing the second strain expression based on the driving strain rate relationship and the viscoelastic parameters of the glass material, the method further includes:

[0030] During the sealing process of the sealed component under test, the real-time viscosity of the glass material in the sealed component under test is obtained at each time point;

[0031] Based on the real-time viscosity of the glass material at each time point, a viscosity correspondence is generated by fitting; the viscosity correspondence is the relationship between the viscosity of the glass material and the time in the sealing process.

[0032] Based on the viscosity correlation and the shear modulus of the glass material, the relaxation time correlation is determined; the relaxation time correlation is the correspondence between the relaxation time of the glass material and the time during the sealing process.

[0033] In some embodiments, during the sealing process of the sealed component under test, the rate of temperature change from the initial temperature to room temperature inside the sealing equipment is a first rate; the first rate includes cooling rates corresponding to multiple time periods respectively;

[0034] The stress freezing temperature of the glass material is the stress freezing temperature at the first rate.

[0035] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a device for obtaining the stress freezing temperature of a glass material, the device comprising:

[0036] The sensing module is used to acquire the real-time strain of the glass material in the sealed component under test at various time points during the sealing process; the sealed component under test is a glass-metal sealed component.

[0037] The fitting module is used to fit and generate the driving strain rate relationship based on the real-time strain of the glass material at each time point; the driving strain rate relationship is the correspondence between the real-time strain of the sealing component under test and time, and the real-time strain is the in-situ monitoring result;

[0038] The first strain module is used to construct the first strain expression based on the difference in the thermal expansion coefficients of glass and metal materials at different temperatures. The first strain expression is used to represent the thermal incompatibility strain of the sealing component under test during the process from the stress freezing temperature to room temperature.

[0039] The second strain module is used to construct a second strain expression based on the driving strain rate relationship and the viscoelastic parameters of the glass material; the second strain expression is used to represent the thermal incompatibility strain of the sealed component under test from the start time to the end time.

[0040] The determination module is used to determine the stress freezing temperature of the glass material based on the first strain expression and the second strain expression.

[0041] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device, which includes: a processor and a memory storing computer program instructions;

[0042] The method for obtaining the stress freezing temperature of glass materials is implemented when the processor executes computer program instructions.

[0043] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer storage medium storing computer program instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the method for obtaining the stress freezing temperature of glass material according to the first aspect.

[0044] Compared with related technologies, the stress freezing temperature acquisition method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for glass materials provided in this application can fit the driving strain rate relationship based on the real-time strain of the sealed component measured by sensors during the sealing process. Based on the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion between glass and metal materials at different temperatures, a first strain expression can be constructed to represent the thermal incompatibility strain of the sealed component from the stress freezing temperature to room temperature. Based on the driving strain rate relationship and the viscoelastic parameters of the glass material, a second strain expression can be constructed to represent the thermal incompatibility strain of the sealed component from the start time to the end time. By numerically solving the two strain expressions, the stress freezing temperature of the glass material can be determined when other parameters are known or can be obtained experimentally or by calculation. Attached Figure Description

[0045] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0046] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for obtaining the stress freezing temperature of glass material according to an embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 2 The residual strain of the glass material versus time is provided for an embodiment of this application when the temperature change rate is 1°C per minute;

[0048] Figure 3 The residual strain of the glass material versus time is provided for an embodiment of this application when the temperature change rate is 5°C per minute;

[0049] Figure 4 The residual strain of the glass material versus time is provided for a temperature change rate of 10°C per minute, according to one embodiment of this application.

[0050] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device for obtaining the stress freezing temperature of glass material according to an embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a device for obtaining the stress freezing temperature of glass material according to an embodiment of this application;

[0052] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0053] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of this application will be described in detail below. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only intended to explain this application and not to limit it. For those skilled in the art, this application can be implemented without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely to provide a better understanding of this application by illustrating examples of this application.

[0054] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0055] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The embodiments will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0056] Glass-metal sealing refers to the process of joining glass and metal through a complex physicochemical reaction involving heating and cooling. The resulting sealed components possess excellent properties such as high temperature resistance, high pressure resistance, corrosion resistance, high reliability, and long lifespan. Therefore, this technology is widely used in fields such as nuclear energy, aerospace, and electronics.

[0057] Based on their coefficients of thermal expansion, glass-metal sealing technology can be divided into matched sealing and mismatched sealing. Matched sealing refers to a sealing method where the coefficients of thermal expansion of the metal and glass involved in the sealing are very close. During the sealing process, the deformation degrees of the glass and metal are similar, resulting in lower internal thermal stress in the brittle glass. In mismatched sealing, the coefficients of thermal expansion of the glass and metal differ significantly, leading to higher internal thermal stress in the glass during the sealing process.

[0058] Glass materials possess the mechanical properties of "high compressive strength and low tensile strength," and the tensile thermal stress during the cooling process is often the direct cause of brittle failure in glass materials. Based on this, glass-metal sealing typically employs a controlled mismatch design: selecting a metal with a slightly higher coefficient of thermal expansion so that the glass is under overall pressure at room temperature, thereby improving crack resistance and sealing life.

[0059] During glass-metal sealing, the ambient temperature gradually decreases from the sealing temperature to room temperature. Due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between glass and metal, thermal stress is inevitably generated in the sealed component. To describe when thermal stress begins to accumulate, this paper defines the stress freezing temperature (also known as the structural relaxation setpoint, denoted as T). Q ): Under actual cooling rates, when the temperature is higher than T Q At a certain temperature, the viscoelastic relaxation of the glass is sufficient to eliminate thermal incompatibility strain, and the internal thermal stress can be approximated as zero (or negligible); when the temperature is below T... Q At this point, the structural rearrangement dynamics are constrained, thermal stress begins to lock in and remains as residual stress after cooling to room temperature. Since glass is a viscoelastic disordered material and does not possess a fixed phase transition temperature like crystalline materials, T... Q It is not an absolute constant of the material, but is related to factors such as glass composition, cooling process, and viscosity-temperature relationship. Current technology typically uses empirical temperatures such as annealing point / strain point instead of T. Q This can easily introduce deviations. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method that can accurately determine the stress freezing temperature T during the sealing process. Q The method is used to guide stress control and reliability design.

[0060] To address the aforementioned technical problems, embodiments of this application provide a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for obtaining the stress freezing temperature of glass materials. The method for obtaining the stress freezing temperature of glass materials provided in this application embodiment will be described first below.

[0061] Figure 1 This invention illustrates a flowchart of a method for obtaining the stress freezing temperature of glass material according to an embodiment of this application. The method includes:

[0062] S110, During the sealing process of the sealed component under test, the real-time strain of the glass material in the sealed component under test is obtained by the sensor at each time point; the sealed component under test is a glass-metal sealed component.

[0063] S120, based on the real-time strain of the glass material at each time point, a driving strain rate relationship is fitted and generated; the driving strain rate relationship is the correspondence between the real-time strain of the test sealing component and the time in the sealing process, and the real-time strain is the in-situ monitoring result;

[0064] S130, based on the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion between glass and metal at different temperatures, a first strain expression is constructed; the first strain expression is used to represent the thermal incompatibility strain of the test sealing component during the process from stress freezing temperature to room temperature.

[0065] S140, based on the driving strain rate relationship and the viscoelastic parameters of the glass material, a second strain expression is constructed; the second strain expression is used to represent the thermal incompatibility strain of the test sealing component from the start time to the end time.

[0066] S150, based on the first strain expression and the second strain expression, determines the stress freezing temperature of the glass material.

[0067] In this embodiment, during the sealing process of the component under test, the real-time strain of the glass material at various time points can be acquired by sensors, and a driving strain rate relationship can be generated by fitting. Based on the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion between the glass and metal materials at different temperatures, a first strain expression can be constructed to represent the thermal incompatibility strain of the component under test from the stress freezing temperature to room temperature. Based on the driving strain rate relationship and the viscoelastic parameters of the glass material, a second strain expression can be constructed to represent the thermal incompatibility strain of the component under test from the start time to the end time. Since both the first and second strain expressions are thermal incompatibility strains, the stress freezing temperature of the glass material can be numerically solved by equation calculation, provided that other parameters are known or can be obtained experimentally or by calculation.

[0068] The specific implementation methods for each of the above steps are described below.

[0069] In S110, the component to be sealed can be a glass-metal component. The sealing process of the component to be sealed is as follows: after assembling the glass and metal materials, they are placed in the sealing equipment and heated to the sealing temperature. After the temperature is raised to the sealing temperature, it is cooled down at a certain rate until the ambient temperature of the sealing equipment is reduced from the sealing temperature to room temperature, thereby completing the sealing of the glass and metal materials. This sealing equipment can be a sealing furnace.

[0070] Sensors are pre-installed at fixed positions within the glass material. During the sealing process, a highly coherent optical signal can be sent to the sensor via an optical demodulator outside the sealing equipment, and the reflected signal from the sensor can be received. By recording the center wavelength of the reflected light signal, the real-time strain and the real-time length of the glass material can be obtained.

[0071] As an alternative example, the sensor described above could be a fiber Bragg grating sensor.

[0072] In S120, based on the real-time strain of the glass material measured at various time points during the sealing process, a driving strain rate relationship can be fitted and generated. This driving strain rate relationship is the correspondence between the real-time strain of the sealed component under test and the time during the sealing process.

[0073] It should be noted that the real-time strain of the glass material mentioned above is the result of in-situ monitoring. That is, during the sealing process of the test piece containing glass material, the residual strain of the glass material is monitored in real time and dynamically. Based on the in-situ monitoring results, the stress freezing temperature of the glass material can be quickly determined by performing the steps in the following embodiments of this application.

[0074] In S130, for multiple glass materials of the same material, the coefficient of thermal expansion remains consistent at the same temperature. Similarly, for multiple metal materials of the same material, the coefficient of thermal expansion also remains consistent at the same temperature. Therefore, the coefficient of thermal expansion of glass materials of the same material can be tested beforehand at different temperatures to obtain the coefficient of thermal expansion of the glass material at different temperatures. Similarly, the coefficient of thermal expansion of metal materials can also be tested to obtain the coefficient of thermal expansion of the metal material at different temperatures.

[0075] After determining the coefficients of thermal expansion of glass and metal at different temperatures, the difference in their coefficients of thermal expansion at the same temperature can be obtained. Based on this difference in coefficients of thermal expansion, a first strain expression can be constructed. This first strain expression is used to represent the thermal incompatibility strain of the tested sealing component during the process from the stress freezing temperature to room temperature.

[0076] It should be noted that the temperature inside the sealing equipment is the temperature decreasing from the sealing temperature to room temperature. Since it is generally believed that there is no internal stress in the glass material when the sealed component is above the stress freezing temperature, the thermal incompatibility strain of the sealed component can be approximated as accumulating during the process of decreasing from the stress freezing temperature to room temperature.

[0077] As an optional implementation, the first strain expression described above includes:

[0078]

[0079] Where ε1 is the thermal incompatibility strain accumulated in the tested sealing component during the process from stress freezing temperature to room temperature, and T Q T is the stress freezing temperature. R At room temperature, α G(T) Let α be the coefficient of linear expansion of the glass material at the first instantaneous temperature T. M(T) It is the second instantaneous linear expansion coefficient of the metallic material corresponding to temperature T.

[0080] In the above embodiment, from the stress freezing temperature T Q Start to room temperature T R The difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion between the glass and metal materials for each minute temperature change ΔT (α) G -α M By integrating, the thermal incompatibility strain of the tested sealing component during the sealing process can be obtained.

[0081] It should be noted that when a small temperature change ΔT occurs, the difference in the thermal expansion coefficients of glass and metal materials will cause strain in the sealed component under test. The formula for calculating this strain is:

[0082] ε = Δα * ΔT;

[0083] Δα=(α G -α M );

[0084] That is, within a small temperature change ΔT, the coefficients of thermal expansion of glass and metal materials can be approximated as constant, respectively α G and α M .

[0085] Overall, the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion of the tested sealing component during the process from stress freezing temperature to room temperature is:

[0086]

[0087] in, The length of the glass material at the stress freezing temperature. Let be the length of the glass material at room temperature. However, since the coefficients of thermal expansion of both glass and metal materials change with temperature, the above first strain expression is constructed to more accurately represent the thermal incompatibility strain of the sealed component during the sealing process.

[0088] In some embodiments, prior to S130 above, the following may also be included:

[0089] S210, Based on the length change of the glass sample measured at different sampling temperatures, determine the first instantaneous linear expansion coefficient of the glass sample at different sampling temperatures;

[0090] S220, Based on the length change of the metal sample measured at different sampling temperatures, determine the second instantaneous linear expansion coefficient of the metal sample at different sampling temperatures;

[0091] S230, a first linear expansion coefficient correspondence is generated by fitting the first instantaneous linear expansion coefficient of glass samples at different sampling temperatures, and a second linear expansion coefficient correspondence is generated by fitting the second instantaneous linear expansion coefficient of metal samples at different sampling temperatures.

[0092] In this embodiment, before constructing the first strain expression, the length changes of the glass and metal samples at different temperatures can be measured, and a first linear expansion coefficient correspondence and a second linear expansion coefficient correspondence can be fitted to generate the first strain expression.

[0093] In S210, since glass materials of the same type have the same coefficient of thermal expansion at the same temperature, the glass sample can be pre-measured at different sampling temperatures to obtain the length change of the glass sample at each sampling temperature. Based on the sampling time interval and the length change of the glass sample, the first instantaneous linear expansion coefficient of the glass sample at different sampling temperatures can be determined. This glass sample is made of the same material as the glass material in the sealing component to be tested.

[0094] Similarly, in S220, for a metal sample that is the same as the metal material in the sealing component to be tested, the length change of the metal sample can be measured at different sampling temperatures, thereby determining the second instantaneous linear expansion coefficient of the metal sample at different sampling temperatures.

[0095] In S230, based on the first instantaneous linear expansion coefficient of the glass samples at different sampling temperatures, a corresponding relationship for the first linear expansion coefficient can be fitted, i.e., α in the aforementioned first strain expression. G(T) By using this first linear expansion coefficient correspondence, the first instantaneous linear expansion coefficient of the glass material at any temperature during the sealing process can be determined.

[0096] Similarly, a second linear expansion coefficient correspondence α is generated by fitting the second instantaneous linear expansion coefficient of metal samples at different sampling temperatures. M(T) This allows us to determine the second instantaneous linear expansion coefficient of the metallic material at any temperature during the sealing process.

[0097] In S140, a second strain expression can be constructed based on the fitted driving strain rate relationship and the viscoelastic parameters of the glass material. This second expression is used to represent the thermal incompatibility strain of the tested sealing component from the start time to the end time.

[0098] In some embodiments, the above-described S140 may include:

[0099] S310, based on the real-time strain of the sealed component under test during the process of initial temperature changing to room temperature, construct an incompatible strain expression based on relaxation time;

[0100] S320, based on the viscoelastic parameters of glass materials, introduces a reduced time scale to transform the incompatible strain expression into a second strain expression.

[0101] In this embodiment, considering the viscoelasticity of the glass material, an incompatible strain expression can be constructed based on the stress accumulation caused by incompatible strain during the sealing process, and then converted into a second strain expression.

[0102] In S310, considering the initial temperature T0 (corresponding to time t=0), there is no stress inside the sealed component under test. At the end of the time interval Δt, the resulting incompatible strain is:

[0103] Δε g(t) =Δα t ΔT;

[0104] Where, Δα t Δt represents the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the glass and metal materials within the time interval Δt, where ΔT is the minute temperature change that occurs within the time interval Δt.

[0105] At this point, the strain density, i.e. the incompatible strain rate, can be defined as:

[0106]

[0107] The stress induced by the aforementioned strain can accumulate continuously during the temperature change from the initial temperature to room temperature. Considering the viscoelasticity of glass, the following expression for incompatible strain can be constructed:

[0108]

[0109] Among them, t R ε' is the time when the sealing process ends. g(t＇) Δα represents the incompatible strain rate of the sealing component. tLet t be the difference in thermal expansion coefficients at time t, ΔT be the temperature change interval, Δt be the time interval, τ be the relaxation time, η be the viscosity of the glass material, G be the shear modulus of the glass material, τ(t') be the relaxation time at time t', and n be the constant corresponding to the stress relaxation type.

[0110] In S320, based on the viscoelastic parameters of the glass material, the incompatible strain expression constructed above can be converted into a second strain expression.

[0111] As an optional implementation, by introducing a reduced time scale ξ(t) ＇ This approach transforms actual time into an equivalent time that takes into account viscosity since temperature, thus more accurately representing the stress relaxation behavior of glass materials during temperature changes. Specifically, by introducing a time-scale compression function from the "time-temperature equivalence" approach, time and temperature are converted, and the time integral that originally varied with temperature is mapped to a standardized time coordinate.

[0112] The above-mentioned second strain expression includes:

[0113]

[0114] Reduce the time scale ξ(t) ＇ )for:

[0115]

[0116] Where, η s η is the viscosity of the glass material at the stress freezing temperature. t〞 Let τ be the viscosity of the glass material at time t″. s Let ξ(t) be the relaxation time of the glass material at the stress freezing temperature. R Let ξ(t') be the shrinkage time at room temperature, and let ξ(t') be the shrinkage time at time t'.

[0117] The aforementioned 'n' can be a constant corresponding to the stress relaxation type. For example, under shear stress relaxation, the constant value can be 0.5; while under volume relaxation, the constant value can be 0.68. Specifically, this constant 'n' can be obtained by fitting using DMA (Dynamic Mechanical Analysis) or stress relaxation experiments.

[0118] G represents the shear modulus of the glass material, and the shear modulus of the same glass material is a fixed value. Under the same material conditions, the shrinkage time ξ(t) at room temperature... R It is also a constant value.

[0119] In some embodiments, prior to S140 above, the following may also be included:

[0120] S410, during the sealing process of the sealant to be tested, obtain the real-time viscosity of the glass material in the sealant to be tested at each time point;

[0121] S420, based on the real-time viscosity of the glass material at each time point, fits and generates a viscosity correspondence; the viscosity correspondence is the relationship between the viscosity of the glass material and the time in the sealing process;

[0122] S430, based on the viscosity correspondence and the shear modulus of the glass material, the relaxation time correspondence is determined; the relaxation time correspondence is the relationship between the relaxation time of the glass material and the time during the sealing process.

[0123] In this embodiment, during the sealing process of the sealing component to be tested, the real-time viscosity of the glass material at each time point can be obtained, the viscosity correspondence can be fitted, and the relaxation time correspondence can be determined based on the correspondence between shear modulus, viscosity and relaxation time.

[0124] In S410, during the sealing process of the seal under test, the real-time viscosity of the glass material in the seal under test can be obtained at various time points.

[0125] In S420, a viscosity-time relationship can be generated by fitting the real-time viscosity of the glass material at each time point. This viscosity-time relationship corresponds to the viscosity of the glass material and the time during the sealing process.

[0126] In S430, since the shear modulus of the glass material remains constant, the relaxation time relationship ξ(t') can be determined based on the correlation between the shear modulus, viscosity, and relaxation time of the glass material. This relaxation time relationship corresponds to the relaxation time of the glass material and the time during the sealing process.

[0127] In S150, after obtaining the first strain expression and the second strain expression, the thermal incompatibility strain of the sealed component during the sealing process can be expressed using either the first strain expression or the second strain expression. That is, the results of the first strain expression and the second strain expression are the same. That is:

[0128]

[0129] Based on the above equation, the stress freezing temperature of the glass material can be obtained by numerical solution when all other parameters are known.

[0130] It should be noted that, to avoid the sensitivity of pure theory to material parameters and the influence of noise and human-imposed thresholds on pure experimental judgment points, the above implementation proposes an in-situ strain-theory coupled stress-freezing temperature fusion solution method. This method uses the measured strain-temperature trajectory as the model boundary / calibration data, and incorporates the stress-freezing temperature T in the above equation. Q As an undetermined parameter, the stress freezing temperature T of the glass material can be obtained by numerically solving it using a combination of minimum residual and physical critical values. Q .

[0131] In some embodiments, during the sealing process of the sealed component under test, the rate of temperature change from the initial temperature to room temperature inside the sealing equipment is a first rate; the first rate includes cooling rates corresponding to multiple time periods respectively;

[0132] The stress freezing temperature of the glass material is the stress freezing temperature at the first rate.

[0133] In the above embodiment, during the sealing process of the component under test, the rate of temperature change from the initial temperature to room temperature within the sealing equipment is defined as the first rate. This first rate includes multiple cooling rates corresponding to different time periods. That is, different cooling rates are used for cooling in different time periods. For example, taking the initial temperature as the sealing temperature, the first rate includes cooling rates in three time periods: the first time period cools at a preset rate, the second time period maintains the temperature stable within a plateau range, and the third time period continues cooling at another rate until room temperature is reached.

[0134] It is understandable that when measuring the sealing process of the test piece at the first rate, the stress freezing temperature of the glass material obtained is the stress freezing temperature at the first rate. If a different cooling rate than the first rate is used to seal the test piece, the stress freezing temperature of the glass material may differ from the stress freezing temperature at the first rate.

[0135] As an optional implementation method, Figures 2 to 4 The relationship between strain and time in the glass material of the tested sealing component under different temperature change rates is shown.

[0136] like Figure 2As shown, when the temperature change rate (i.e., the cooling rate of the sealing furnace) is 1°C per minute, the residual strain of the glass material in the sealing component under test can be monitored in situ using a fiber Bragg grating sensor. Based on the monitoring results, it can be seen that during the initial period when the sealing furnace begins to cool, the residual strain of the glass material is 0. That is, at this time, the glass material is in a state of zero thermal stress at high temperature. As the sealing furnace continues to cool, because the temperature inside the furnace drops below the stress freezing temperature of the glass material, the residual stress in the glass material gradually begins to accumulate.

[0137] Similarly, Figure 3 and Figure 4 The relationship between strain and time for glass materials at temperature change rates of 5°C / min and 10°C / min is shown respectively. Based on Figures 2 to 4 It can be seen that when the sealing furnace is cooled using different rates of temperature change, the residual stress in the glass material, as obtained through in-situ monitoring, can be approximately zero when the temperature is above the stress freezing temperature of the glass material. As the temperature continues to decrease below the stress freezing temperature of the glass material, the residual stress in the glass material gradually begins to accumulate.

[0138] It should be noted that the above Figures 2 to 4 In the diagram, the time points corresponding to the sealing process at time 0 on the horizontal axis are not the same.

[0139] At the three different temperature change rates of 1℃, 5℃, and 10℃, the stress freezing temperatures obtained through fitting calculations are 569℃, 578℃, and 592℃, respectively. That is, the stress freezing temperature of glass materials varies under different temperature change rates (corresponding to different process conditions in actual production). However, glass materials within the same material system can be approximately considered to have the same stress freezing temperature under the same temperature change rate.

[0140] As an optional implementation method, Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a device for obtaining the stress freezing temperature of glass materials is shown.

[0141] like Figure 5As shown, a sealing furnace 3 contains a sealing component 5 to be tested, consisting of a sealing glass 51 and a metal casing 52. That is, the sealing component 5 is a glass-metal sealing component. A fiber Bragg grating sensor 4 is pre-fixed in the sealing glass 51. During the sealing process, as the furnace temperature is adjusted to achieve sealing, the fiber Bragg grating sensor 4 can monitor the strain of the sealing glass 51 in real time. The fiber Bragg grating sensor 4 is communicatively connected to the demodulator 2 and sends the monitored strain to the demodulator 2 via a modulation signal. After demodulating the modulation signal, the demodulator 2 can send the strain to the computer 1. The computer 1 can determine the stress freezing temperature of the sealing glass 51 based on the implementation method described in the above embodiment.

[0142] This application embodiment also provides a stress freezing temperature acquisition device 600 for glass materials, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the device includes:

[0143] The sensing module 601 is used to acquire the real-time strain of the glass material in the seal under test at various time points during the sealing process of the seal under test; the seal under test is a glass-metal seal.

[0144] The fitting module 602 is used to fit and generate a driving strain rate relationship based on the real-time strain of the glass material at each time point; the driving strain rate relationship is the correspondence between the real-time strain of the sealing component under test and time, and the real-time strain is the in-situ monitoring result;

[0145] The first strain module 603 is used to construct a first strain expression based on the difference in the thermal expansion coefficients of glass and metal materials at different temperatures; the first strain expression is used to represent the thermal incompatibility strain of the test sealing component during the process from the stress freezing temperature to room temperature.

[0146] The second strain module 604 is used to construct a second strain expression based on the driving strain rate relationship and the viscoelastic parameters of the glass material; the second strain expression is used to represent the thermal incompatibility strain of the test sealing component from the start time to the end time.

[0147] The determination module 605 is used to determine the stress freezing temperature of the glass material based on the first strain expression and the second strain expression.

[0148] It should be noted that the stress freezing temperature acquisition device for this glass material is a device corresponding to the stress freezing temperature acquisition method for the glass material described above. All implementation methods in the above method embodiments are applicable to the embodiments of this device and can achieve the same technical effect.

[0149] Figure 7A schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0150] The electronic device may include a processor 701 and a memory 702 storing computer program instructions.

[0151] Specifically, the processor 701 may include a central processing unit (CPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits that can be configured to implement the embodiments of this application.

[0152] Memory 702 may include mass storage for data or instructions. For example, and not limitingly, memory 702 may include a hard disk drive (HDD), floppy disk drive, flash memory, optical disk, magneto-optical disk, magnetic tape, or Universal Serial Bus (USB) drive, or a combination of two or more of these. Where suitable, memory 702 may include removable or non-removable (or fixed) media. Where suitable, memory 702 may be internal or external to an electronic device. In a particular embodiment, memory 702 is a non-volatile solid-state memory.

[0153] In a particular embodiment, memory 702 may include read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), disk storage media device, optical storage media device, flash memory device, electrical, optical, or other physical / tangible memory storage device. Thus, generally, memory includes one or more tangible (non-transitory) computer-readable storage media (e.g., memory devices) encoded with software including computer-executable instructions, and when the software is executed (e.g., by one or more processors), it is operable to perform the operations described with reference to the method for obtaining the stress-freezing temperature of a glass material according to one aspect of this disclosure.

[0154] The processor 701 reads and executes computer program instructions stored in the memory 702 to implement any of the stress freezing temperature acquisition methods for glass materials in the above embodiments.

[0155] In one example, the electronic device may also include a communication interface 707 and a bus 710. Wherein, as... Figure 7 As shown, the processor 701, memory 702, and communication interface 707 are connected through bus 710 and complete communication with each other.

[0156] The communication interface 707 is mainly used to realize communication between various modules, devices, units and / or equipment in the embodiments of this application.

[0157] Bus 710 includes hardware, software, or both, that couples components of an electronic device together. For example, and not limitingly, the bus may include an Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) or other graphics bus, an Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, a Front Side Bus (FSB), HyperTransport (HT) interconnect, an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, an Infinite Bandwidth Interconnect, a Low Pin Count (LPC) bus, a memory bus, a Microchannel Architecture (MCA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, a PCI-Express (PCI-X) bus, a Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) bus, a Video Electronics Standards Association Local (VLB) bus, or other suitable buses, or combinations of two or more of these. Where appropriate, bus 710 may include one or more buses. Although specific buses are described and illustrated in embodiments of this application, any suitable bus or interconnect is contemplated herein.

[0158] Furthermore, in conjunction with the stress freezing temperature acquisition method for glass materials in the above embodiments, this application embodiment can provide a computer storage medium for implementation. This computer storage medium stores computer program instructions; when these computer program instructions are executed by a processor, they implement any of the stress freezing temperature acquisition methods for glass materials in the above embodiments.

[0159] It should be clarified that this application is not limited to the specific configurations and processes described above and shown in the figures. For the sake of brevity, detailed descriptions of known methods are omitted here. In the above embodiments, several specific steps are described and shown as examples. However, the method process of this application is not limited to the specific steps described and shown. Those skilled in the art can make various changes, modifications, and additions, or change the order of steps, after understanding the spirit of this application.

[0160] The functional blocks shown in the above block diagram can be implemented as hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. When implemented in hardware, they can be, for example, electronic circuits, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), appropriate firmware, plug-ins, function cards, etc. When implemented in software, the elements of this application are programs or code segments used to perform the required tasks. Programs or code segments can be stored on a machine-readable medium or transmitted over a transmission medium or communication link via data signals carried on a carrier wave. "Machine-readable medium" can include any medium capable of storing or transmitting information. Examples of machine-readable media include electronic circuits, semiconductor memory devices, ROM, flash memory, erasable ROM (EROM), floppy disks, CD-ROMs, optical disks, hard disks, fiber optic media, radio frequency (RF) links, etc. Code segments can be downloaded via computer networks such as the Internet, intranets, etc.

[0161] It should also be noted that the exemplary embodiments mentioned in this application describe methods or systems based on a series of steps or apparatus. However, this application is not limited to the order of the above steps; that is, the steps can be performed in the order mentioned in the embodiments, or in a different order, or several steps can be performed simultaneously.

[0162] The aspects of this disclosure have been described above with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this disclosure. It should be understood that each block in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine such that these instructions, executable via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, enable the implementation of the functions / actions specified in one or more blocks of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Such a processor can be, but is not limited to, a general-purpose processor, a special-purpose processor, a special application processor, or a field-programmable logic circuit. It is also understood that each block in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, can also be implemented by special-purpose hardware performing the specified functions or actions, or can be implemented by a combination of special-purpose hardware and computer instructions.

[0163] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application. Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, modules, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here. It should be understood that the protection scope of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for obtaining the stress freezing temperature of a glass material, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the stress freezing temperature of the glass material includes: During the sealing process of the test seal, the real-time strain of the glass material in the test seal at various time points is obtained by sensors; the test seal is a glass-metal seal. Based on the real-time strain of the glass material at each time point, a driving strain rate relationship is fitted and generated; the driving strain rate relationship is the correspondence between the real-time strain of the test sealing component and the time in the sealing process, and the real-time strain is the in-situ monitoring result; Based on the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion between glass and metal at different temperatures, a first strain expression is constructed; the first strain expression is used to represent the thermal incompatibility strain of the test sealing component during the process from the stress freezing temperature to room temperature. Based on the driving strain rate relationship and the viscoelastic parameters of the glass material, a second strain expression is constructed; the second strain expression is used to represent the thermal incompatibility strain of the test sealing component from the start time to the end time. The stress freezing temperature of the glass material is determined based on the first strain expression and the second strain expression.

2. The method for obtaining the stress freezing temperature of glass materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first strain expression includes: Where ε1 is the thermal incompatibility strain accumulated in the tested sealing component during the process from stress freezing temperature to room temperature, and T Q T is the stress freezing temperature. R At room temperature, α G(T) α is the first instantaneous linear expansion coefficient of the glass material corresponding to temperature T. M(T) It is the second instantaneous linear expansion coefficient of the metallic material corresponding to temperature T.

3. The method for obtaining the stress freezing temperature of glass materials according to claim 2, characterized in that, Before constructing the first strain expression based on the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between glass and metal materials at different temperatures, the following steps are also included: Based on the length change of the glass sample measured at different sampling temperatures, the first instantaneous linear expansion coefficient of the glass sample at different sampling temperatures is determined; Based on the length change of the metal sample measured at different sampling temperatures, the second instantaneous linear expansion coefficient of the metal sample at different sampling temperatures is determined; A first linear expansion coefficient correspondence is generated by fitting the first instantaneous linear expansion coefficient of the glass sample at different sampling temperatures, and a second linear expansion coefficient correspondence is generated by fitting the second instantaneous linear expansion coefficient of the metal sample at different sampling temperatures.

4. The method for obtaining the stress freezing temperature of glass materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second strain expression is constructed based on the driving strain rate relationship and the viscoelastic parameters of the glass material, including: Based on the real-time strain of the test sealing component during the transition from initial temperature to room temperature, an incompatible strain expression based on relaxation time is constructed. Based on the viscoelastic parameters of the glass material, a reduced time scale is introduced to transform the incompatible strain expression into a second strain expression.

5. The method for obtaining the stress freezing temperature of glass materials according to claim 4, characterized in that, The incompatible strain expression includes: Among them, t R ε is the time when the sealing process ends. g(t＇) Let Δα be the incompatible strain rate of the sealing member. t Let t be the difference in thermal expansion coefficients at time t, ΔT be the temperature change interval, Δt be the time interval, τ be the relaxation time, η be the viscosity of the glass material, G be the shear modulus of the glass material, τ(t') be the relaxation time at time t', and n be the constant corresponding to the stress relaxation type.

6. The method for obtaining the stress freezing temperature of glass materials according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second strain expression includes: Where, η s η is the viscosity of the glass material at the stress freezing temperature. t〞 Let τ be the viscosity of the glass material at time t″. s Let ξ(t) be the relaxation time of the glass material at the stress freezing temperature. R Let ξ(t') be the shrinkage time at room temperature, and let ξ(t') be the shrinkage time at time t'.

7. The method for obtaining the stress freezing temperature of glass materials according to claim 6, characterized in that, Before constructing the second strain expression based on the driving strain rate relationship and the viscoelastic parameters of the glass material, the process further includes: During the sealing process of the sealant to be tested, the real-time viscosity of the glass material in the sealant to be tested is obtained at each time point; Based on the real-time viscosity of the glass material at each time point, a viscosity correspondence is generated by fitting; the viscosity correspondence is the relationship between the viscosity of the glass material and the time in the sealing process; Based on the viscosity correspondence and the shear modulus of the glass material, a relaxation time correspondence is determined; the relaxation time correspondence is the correspondence between the relaxation time of the glass material and the time during the sealing process.

8. The method for obtaining the stress freezing temperature of glass materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the sealing process of the test sealing component, the rate of temperature change from the initial temperature to room temperature inside the sealing equipment is the first rate; the first rate includes cooling rates corresponding to multiple time periods respectively; The stress freezing temperature of the glass material is the stress freezing temperature at the first rate.

9. A device for obtaining the stress freezing temperature of glass material, characterized in that, The device includes: The sensing module is used to acquire the real-time strain of the glass material in the sealant under test at various time points during the sealing process; the sealant under test is a glass-metal sealant. The fitting module is used to fit and generate a driving strain rate relationship based on the real-time strain of the glass material at each time point; the driving strain rate relationship is the correspondence between the real-time strain of the sealing component under test and time, and the real-time strain is the in-situ monitoring result; The first strain module is used to construct a first strain expression based on the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion of glass and metal materials at different temperatures; the first strain expression is used to represent the thermal incompatibility strain of the test sealing component during the process from the stress freezing temperature to room temperature. The second strain module is used to construct a second strain expression based on the driving strain rate relationship and the viscoelastic parameters of the glass material; the second strain expression is used to represent the thermal incompatibility strain of the test sealing component from the start time to the end time. The determination module is used to determine the stress freezing temperature of the glass material based on the first strain expression and the second strain expression.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes: a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the method for obtaining the stress freezing temperature of glass material as described in any one of claims 1-8.

11. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, A computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for obtaining the stress freezing temperature of a glass material as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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