Two-dimensional rotary table and high-precision universal assembling method of coaxial components

Abstract

The application discloses a two-dimensional rotary table and a high-precision universal assembling method and communication device of a coaxial component, belongs to the technical field of spacecraft systems, and solves the technical problem that the existing technology has low installation precision of a two-dimensional rotary table and a coaxial component, leads to a decrease or interruption of communication power, and the use of high-precision components and the help of internal working light paths for assembling and adjusting increases the assembling and adjusting cost and complexity and the assembling and adjusting method is not universal. The azimuth axis rotary table and the pitching axis rotary table are installed on a rotary table support, an electronic autocollimator, a two-dimensional PSD sensor and a reflecting mirror are used to realize high-precision coaxial installation of the rotary table and the coaxial component, a preset axis angle is 90 DEG, and through control of an axis angle error, high-precision assembling and adjusting of the two-dimensional rotary table and the coaxial component can be realized. The application is used for realizing efficient, accurate and universal assembling and adjusting of the two-dimensional rotary table and the coaxial component.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of spacecraft systems, in particular to a high-precision general assembling and adjusting method for a two-dimensional turntable and a coaxial component. BACKGROUND

[0002] The rapid breakthrough of core technologies such as semiconductors, communication baseband and 5G provides key support for space communication technology, enabling the communication efficiency to be significantly improved. Under this background, space laser, microwave, terahertz and other sub-communication technologies are developing rapidly, not only perfecting the technical system of space communication, but also further expanding the boundaries of space application, laying a technical foundation for space-ground integrated network construction, near-earth space-based communication and deep space scientific exploration. As the core functional component of the above scenarios, the performance requirements of the space turntable type communication terminal are increasingly prominent with the rapid evolution of multi-band communication technology. Based on the actual application requirements of high bandwidth, long transmission distance, strong anti-interference and fast response speed, higher requirements are put forward for the pointing accuracy, motion control accuracy and long-term operation stability of the terminal turntable, which promotes the iteration of terminal technology to higher performance.

[0003] The microwave and terahertz communication terminal antenna is usually composed of a control circuit, a baseband circuit, a radio frequency module, a turntable, a transmission module and the like. In order to reduce the high frequency loss of microwaves or terahertz, ensure the power capacity and improve the electromagnetic compatibility, a waveguide is usually used to transmit high frequency electromagnetic signals. This is a hard structure of a hollow metal cavity, which requires the two-dimensional turntable to always maintain low stress and small deformation of the rotary waveguide joint and the straight waveguide during movement. This requires the two-dimensional turntable and the waveguide joint to ensure good perpendicularity and coaxiality. Similar requirements exist for laser communication telescopes, which require the optical axis of the laser head to always be coaxial with the mechanical shaft of the turntable during movement to avoid the problem that the receiving beacon light spot cannot be accurately focused on the focal plane detector, thereby causing a decrease or even interruption of communication power.

[0004] In the traditional method, on the one hand, high-precision components are selected, such as using higher-precision P4 level bearings and applying large pre-tightening force to increase stiffness and reduce play to ensure coaxiality. However, the use of high-precision components will lead to an increase in assembly and adjustment costs, and the application of large pre-tightening force will increase the internal friction resistance of the bearing, causing the operating temperature to rise and possibly causing thermal deformation, which in turn affects the static accuracy of the turntable. On the other hand, conventional assembly and adjustment methods require the use of internal working light paths to achieve assembly and adjustment, and the assembly and adjustment method is relatively complex and the assembly and adjustment system does not have commonality. For example, the assembly and adjustment of a laser communication terminal requires the use of its own tracking and pointing system to assist in assembly and adjustment, and a microwave communication system requires a planar near field or a dark field to measure the system gain and directional diagram to ensure the performance of the antenna system. Therefore, it is very important to propose a general high-precision assembly and adjustment method for two-dimensional turntables and coaxial components during the ground assembly of two-dimensional turntables.

[0005] In summary, the prior art has the technical problems of low installation precision of the two-dimensional turntable and the coaxial component, resulting in a decrease or interruption of communication power, and the use of high-precision components and adjustment with the aid of an internal working light path increases the adjustment cost and complexity, and the adjustment method is not universal. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application solves the technical problems of the prior art, such as low installation precision of the two-dimensional turntable and the coaxial component, resulting in a decrease or interruption of communication power, and the use of high-precision components and adjustment with the aid of an internal working light path increases the adjustment cost and complexity, and the adjustment method is not universal.

[0007] The high-precision universal adjustment method for a two-dimensional turntable and a coaxial component according to the present application comprises the following steps:

[0008] Step 1, install the azimuth axis turntable and the elevation axis turntable on the turntable support, and preset the axis angle of the azimuth axis turntable and the elevation axis turntable to 90°;

[0009] Step 2, install the beam splitter two and the electronic autocollimator at the end face of the elevation axis turntable, install the coaxial component two and the mirror two at the end face of the elevation axis turntable, and perform coaxial installation on the elevation axis turntable, the coaxial component two, and the electronic autocollimator;

[0010] Step 3, install the beam splitter one at the end face of the azimuth axis turntable, install the coaxial component one and the mirror one at the end face of the azimuth axis turntable, rotate the turntable support clockwise by 90°, and perform coaxial installation on the azimuth axis turntable, the coaxial component one, and the electronic autocollimator.

[0011] Further, in one embodiment of the present application, the step 1 also needs to control the error of the axis angle, and the error of the axis angle is specifically:

[0012] According to the fixed angle interval, rotate the measured shaft by 360° to obtain a plurality of sampling positions, and record the corresponding electronic autocollimator horizontal coordinate x direction value and the vertical coordinate y direction value of the measured shaft at each sampling position:

[0013] ;

[0014]

[0015]

[0016] wherein, is the i-th sampling position, and and are zero order Fourier coefficients in horizontal coordinate x direction and vertical coordinate y direction respectively, and are zero order Fourier coefficients in horizontal coordinate x direction and vertical coordinate y direction respectively are first order Fourier cosine coefficients in horizontal coordinate x direction and vertical coordinate y direction respectively, and are first order Fourier cosine coefficients in horizontal coordinate x direction and vertical coordinate y direction respectively are first order Fourier sine coefficients in horizontal coordinate x direction and vertical coordinate y direction respectively, and are first order Fourier sine coefficients in horizontal coordinate x direction and vertical coordinate y direction respectively are second order Fourier cosine coefficients in horizontal coordinate x direction and vertical coordinate y direction respectively, and are second order Fourier cosine coefficients in horizontal coordinate x direction and vertical coordinate y direction respectively are second order Fourier sine coefficients in horizontal coordinate x direction and vertical coordinate y direction respectively, is harmonic order, is term number;

[0017] is horizontal coordinate x direction orthogonal component of error and vertical coordinate y direction orthogonal component of error is:

[0018] ;

[0019] is partial item angle error is:

[0020] ;

[0021] wherein, is stability evaluation coefficient;

[0022] Take the maximum value of the partial item angle error as the error E of the axis angle:

[0023] .

[0024] Further, in one embodiment of the present application, the step 2 of coaxially installing the pitch axis turntable, the second coaxial component and the electronic autocollimator comprises the following steps:

[0025] Step 21, calibrate the second beam splitter, and install the four two-dimensional PSD sensors at the calibration position of the second beam splitter;

[0026] Step 22, based on the position coordinates of the electronic autocollimator beacon light on the four two-dimensional PSD sensors, complete the installation of the pitch axis turntable;

[0027] Step 23, calibrate the second mirror, and install the three two-dimensional PSD sensors at the calibration position of the second mirror;

[0028] Step 24, based on the position coordinates of the beacon light of the electronic autocollimator on the two-dimensional PSD sensor three, the installation of the coaxial component two is completed, and the coaxial installation of the pitch axis turntable, the coaxial component two and the electronic autocollimator is realized;

[0029] The step 3 is the same as the above-mentioned operation.

[0030] Further, in an embodiment of the present application, the step 21 of calibrating the beam splitter two comprises the following steps:

[0031] Step 211, rotating the pitch axis turntable based on the transverse axis by 360°;

[0032] Step 212, based on the beacon light of the electronic autocollimator, obtaining a plurality of sampling point coordinates on the beam splitter two at fixed angle intervals;

[0033] Step 213, fitting the plurality of sampling point coordinates into a circle with a radius R1 and a center P1, so that the center P1 coincides with the optical indication origin o of the electronic autocollimator, and the calibration of the beam splitter is completed.

[0034] The step 23 of calibrating the mirror two is the same as the above-mentioned operation.

[0035] Further, in an embodiment of the present application, the mechanical axis of the pitch axis turntable is parallel to the beacon light optical axis of the electronic autocollimator.

[0036] Further, in an embodiment of the present application, the step 22 of installing the pitch axis turntable based on the position coordinates of the beacon light of the electronic autocollimator on the two-dimensional PSD sensor four comprises the following steps:

[0037] Step 221, synchronously rotating the beam splitter two, the two-dimensional PSD sensor four and the coaxial component two;

[0038] Step 222, based on the beacon light of the electronic autocollimator, obtaining a plurality of sampling point coordinates on the two-dimensional PSD sensor four, and fitting the plurality of sampling point coordinates into a circle with a radius R2;

[0039] Step 223, obtaining the position coordinates of the center of the spot of the electronic autocollimator on the x-axis and the y-axis, when the position coordinates are , and R2 is 0, fixing the installation position of the pitch axis turntable.

[0040] Wherein, is the initial imaging coordinate of the beacon light of the electronic autocollimator on the two-dimensional PSD sensor four;

[0041] The step 24 is based on the position coordinates of the beacon light of the electronic autocollimator on the two-dimensional PSD sensor three, and the installation of the coaxial component two is completed.

[0042] Further, in one embodiment of the present application, the position coordinates of the spot center of the electronic autocollimator on the x-axis and y-axis in step 223 are specifically:

[0043]

[0044]

[0045] wherein x and y are the position coordinates of the spot center on the x-axis and y-axis, is the half-length of the light-sensitive surface of the two-dimensional PSD sensor four, and is the two photo currents in the x-axis direction, and the two photo currents in the y-axis direction, , , and are the dark currents of the four electrodes, respectively.

[0046] Further, in one embodiment of the present application, the fixed angle interval is 15°.

[0047] The present application solves the technical problem in the prior art that due to low installation precision of the two-dimensional turntable and the coaxial component, the communication power is reduced or interrupted, and the use of high-precision components and the aid of internal working light path for adjustment increases the adjustment cost and complexity, and the adjustment method is not universal. The specific beneficial effects include:

[0048] 1. The present application provides a high-precision universal adjustment method for a two-dimensional turntable and a coaxial component, which does not require the system to have an optical path, and only uses a turntable, an electronic autocollimator, a two-dimensional PSD sensor and a mirror to achieve high-precision adjustment, and the measuring equipment is easy to obtain, is not limited by the type of coaxial component, greatly improves the assembly precision and efficiency at a relatively low cost, meets the requirements of high-precision pointing of satellite communication load and data link transmission, and provides adjustment technical support for two-dimensional microwave antennas, laser communication terminals, two-dimensional terahertz communication antennas, etc.

[0049] 2. The high-precision universal adjustment method for a two-dimensional turntable and a coaxial component provided by the present application installs the azimuth axis turntable and the elevation axis turntable on the turntable support, the included angle of the axis is 90°, and they are coaxially installed with the corresponding coaxial components, respectively, the high-precision adjustment of the two-dimensional turntable and the coaxial component is ensured by controlling the axis included angle error. ​​BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0050] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and be readily appreciated from the following description, including the references to the figures, in which:

[0051] Figure 1 is a high-precision general-purpose adjustment schematic diagram of a two-dimensional turntable and a coaxial component according to the first embodiment;

[0052] Figure 2 is an adjustment schematic diagram of a microwave antenna two-dimensional turntable according to the sixth embodiment;

[0053] Figure 3 is an adjustment schematic diagram of a laser communication terminal two-dimensional turntable according to the seventh embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] Various embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described by reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present application, and cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0055] The first embodiment is a high-precision general-purpose adjustment method of a two-dimensional turntable and a coaxial component, comprising the following steps:

[0056] Step 1, installing the azimuth axis turntable 3 and the elevation axis turntable 13 on the turntable support 8, and presetting the included angle of the azimuth axis turntable 3 and the elevation axis turntable 13 is 90°;

[0057] Step 2, installing the light splitter two 14 and the electronic autocollimator 16 at the end surface 13a of the elevation axis turntable 13, installing the coaxial component two 9 and the mirror two 11 at the end surface 13b of the elevation axis turntable 13, and coaxially installing the elevation axis turntable 13, the coaxial component two 9 and the electronic autocollimator 16;

[0058] Step 3, installing the light splitter one 1 at the end surface 3a of the azimuth axis turntable 3, installing the coaxial component one 7 and the mirror one 5 at the end surface 3b of the azimuth axis turntable 3, rotating the turntable support 8 clockwise by 90°, and coaxially installing the azimuth axis turntable 3, the coaxial component one 7 and the electronic autocollimator 16.

[0059] In the prior art, in order to realize coaxial installation of the turntable and the coaxial component, high-precision components are usually used or internal light paths are used for adjustment, but this adjustment method not only requires high-precision equipment, resulting in rising adjustment cost, but also increases the complexity of adjustment, and the internal light path adjustment operation steps are tedious and have low fault tolerance, which cannot meet the efficient and accurate coaxial installation.

[0060] To solve the above problems, the embodiment provides a high-precision universal adjustment method for a two-dimensional turntable and a coaxial component. The high-precision coaxial installation of the turntable and the coaxial component can be realized by using a turntable, an electronic autocollimator, a two-dimensional PSD sensor, a mirror and the like, without the need for the system to have an optical path, the measuring equipment is easy to obtain, and is not limited to the type of coaxial component. The technical problem that the existing technology has low installation precision of the two-dimensional turntable and the coaxial component, resulting in a decrease or interruption of communication power, and that the use of high-precision components and the adjustment with the aid of an internal working optical path increases the adjustment cost and complexity, and the adjustment method is not universal, is solved.

[0061] The coaxial installation method in the prior art has high adjustment cost and complexity, is not universal, and cannot provide efficient adjustment technical support for two-dimensional microwave antennas, laser communication terminals and two-dimensional terahertz communication antennas. In addition, the axis angle of the two-dimensional turntable may have an error, and a large angle error may cause the antenna to be unable to accurately point to the target ground station in orbit.

[0062] To solve the above problems, the embodiment provides a high-precision universal adjustment method for a two-dimensional turntable and a coaxial component. The high-precision coaxial installation of the turntable and the coaxial component can be realized by using a turntable, an electronic autocollimator, a two-dimensional PSD sensor, a mirror and the like, without the need for the system to have an optical path, the measuring equipment is easy to obtain, and is not limited to the type of coaxial component. The technical problem that the existing technology has low installation precision of the two-dimensional turntable and the coaxial component, resulting in a decrease or interruption of communication power, and that the use of high-precision components and the adjustment with the aid of an internal working optical path increases the adjustment cost and complexity, and the adjustment method is not universal, is solved. Figure 1 The azimuth axis turntable and the elevation axis turntable are installed on the turntable support, and are coaxially installed with the corresponding coaxial components, the preset axis angle is 90°, the axis angle error is controlled to make the axis angle tend to be 90°, when the axis angle is 90°, the precision is the highest, the high-precision adjustment of the two-dimensional turntable and the coaxial component can be realized, and the method is not limited to the type of component, the efficiency is improved while the adjustment precision is ensured.

[0063] The azimuth axis turntable 3 and the elevation axis turntable 13 are preliminarily installed on the turntable support 8 to form an assembly, the turntable support 8 can realize small-angle swinging of the azimuth axis turntable 3 and the elevation axis turntable 13, and ensures that the azimuth axis turntable 3 and the elevation axis turntable 13 can independently displace. The axis angle of the azimuth axis turntable 3 and the elevation axis turntable 13 is adjusted to tend to be 90°, the second light splitter 14 is installed at the end surface 13a of the elevation axis turntable 13, the normal direction of the second light splitter 14 is parallel to the axis of the elevation axis turntable 13, then the assembly is fixed on the adjustment platform 18, the electronic autocollimator 16 is installed on one side of the adjustment platform 18, the light pipe of the electronic autocollimator 16 is preliminarily aligned with the position of the axis of the elevation axis turntable 13 by adjusting the supporting legs, and the initialization is completed.

[0064] The precise angle table two 10, the coaxial component two 9 and the light reflector two 11 are installed on the turntable support 8, the coaxial installation method of the turntable and the coaxial component in any one of the first to third embodiments is used to coaxially install the elevation axis turntable 13, the coaxial component two 9 and the electronic autocollimator 16,

[0065] The mounting platform 18 is precisely rotated 90° (within 5″ error), while the electronic autocollimator 16 remains stationary. A beam splitter 1 is installed at the end face 3a of the azimuth axis turntable 3, ensuring that the normal of the beam splitter 1 is parallel to the axis of the azimuth axis turntable 3. A precision angular stage 6, a coaxial component 7, and a reflector 5 are installed at the end face 3b of the azimuth axis turntable 3. The azimuth axis turntable 3, the coaxial component 7, and the electronic autocollimator 16 are coaxially installed using the coaxial installation method of the turntable and coaxial component described in any of embodiments one to three.

[0066] Implementation Method Two: This implementation method further defines the high-precision universal assembly and adjustment method for a two-dimensional turntable and coaxial components described in Implementation Method One. Step 1 further requires controlling the error of the included angle of the axes. Specifically, the error of the included angle of the axes is as follows:

[0067] Rotate the axis under test by 360° at fixed angular intervals to obtain multiple sampling positions, and record the corresponding horizontal x-axis values ​​of the electronic autocollimator at each sampling position. and vertical coordinate y-axis value :

[0068] ;

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] in, For the first Each sampling location and These are the zero-order Fourier coefficients in the horizontal x-axis and vertical y-axis, respectively. and These represent the horizontal x-axis and the vertical y-axis, respectively. The second Fourier cosine coefficient and These represent the horizontal x-axis and the vertical y-axis, respectively. The second Fourier sine coefficients and These represent the horizontal x-axis and the vertical y-axis, respectively. The second Fourier cosine coefficient and These represent the horizontal x-axis and the vertical y-axis, respectively. The second Fourier sine coefficients For harmonic order, Number of terms;

[0072] Orthogonal components of the horizontal x-axis of the error Orthogonal components of the perpendicular y-axis of the error is:

[0073]

[0074] Sub-item angle error is:

[0075]

[0076] wherein, is a stability evaluation coefficient;

[0077] Take the maximum value of the sub-item angle error as the error E of the axis angle:

[0078]

[0079] In the embodiment, the stability evaluation coefficient is 1.2.

[0080] In the embodiment, the fixed angle interval is 15°.

[0081] In the embodiment, the measured axis is the axis of the azimuth axis turntable 3 or the axis of the elevation axis turntable 13, and the axis angle can be calculated in the following manner: the measured axis is rotated at an interval of 15° for one revolution, and the sampling point position The reading of the electronic autocollimator in the horizontal coordinate x direction of the measured axis at each sampling position is recorded, denoted as The reading of the electronic autocollimator in the vertical coordinate y direction of the measured axis at each sampling position is recorded, denoted as The axis angle error is taken as a measure of the angle between the turntable axis and the optical axis of the electronic autocollimator.

[0082] Embodiment three, the embodiment is a further limitation of the high-precision general adjustment method of the two-dimensional turntable and the coaxial component of the first embodiment, and the coaxial installation of the elevation axis turntable 13, the coaxial component two 9 and the electronic autocollimator 16 in step 2 comprises the following steps:

[0083] Step 21, calibrate the beam splitter two 14, and install the two-dimensional PSD sensor four 15 at the calibration position of the beam splitter two 14;

[0084] Step 22, based on the position coordinates of the electronic autocollimator 16 beacon light on the two-dimensional PSD sensor four 15, complete the installation of the elevation axis turntable 13;

[0085] Step 23, calibrate the mirror two 11, and install the two-dimensional PSD sensor three 12 at the calibration position of the mirror two 11;

[0086] ​​​Step 24, based on the position coordinates of the beacon light of the electronic autocollimator 16 on the two-dimensional PSD sensor 12, the installation of the coaxial component two 9 is completed, and the coaxial installation of the pitch axis turntable 13, the coaxial component two 9 and the electronic autocollimator 16 is realized.

[0087] The step 3 is the coaxial installation of the azimuth axis turntable 3, the coaxial component one 7 and the electronic autocollimator 16, which is coaxially installed by the same operation as described above.

[0088] Embodiment four, this embodiment is a further limitation of the high-precision general adjustment method of the two-dimensional turntable and the coaxial component of the embodiment three, and the step 21 of calibrating the beam splitter two 14 comprises the following steps.

[0089] Step 211, rotating the pitch axis turntable 13 based on the transverse axis by 360°.

[0090] Step 212, based on the beacon light of the electronic autocollimator 16, a plurality of sampling point coordinates on the beam splitter two 14 are obtained at fixed angle intervals.

[0091] Step 213, fitting the plurality of sampling point coordinates into a circle with a radius R1 and a center P1, so that the center P1 coincides with the optical indication origin o of the electronic autocollimator 16, and the calibration of the beam splitter is completed.

[0092] The step 23 of calibrating the mirror two 11 is calibrated by the same operation as described above.

[0093] In this embodiment, the fixed angle interval is 15°.

[0094] Adjust the supporting feet to preliminarily align the optical tube of the electronic autocollimator 16 with the pitch axis turntable 13, and complete the initialization. The electronic autocollimator 16 is connected to the controller 17, the electronic autocollimator 16 is started, the pitch axis turntable 13 is rotated based on the transverse axis by 360° at an interval of 15°, the coordinates of the 24 sampling points of the return beacon light of the beam splitter two 14 are recorded in the controller 17, and the 24 sampling points are fitted into a circle with a radius R1 and a center P1. Adjust the supporting feet of the electronic autocollimator 16 so that the center P1 approximately coincides with the optical indication origin o of the electronic autocollimator 16, and the radius R1 of the circle gradually approaches 0. At this time, the mechanical shaft of the pitch axis turntable 13 is parallel to the optical axis of the beacon light of the electronic autocollimator 16.

[0095] The mirror two 11 is calibrated by the same method as the calibration of the above-described beam splitter two 14. The elevation axis turntable 13 is rotated at an interval of 15° for one revolution, and the coordinates of the beacon light returned in the mirror two 11 are recorded in the controller 17. Meanwhile, the 24 sampling points of the mirror two 11 are fitted to obtain a corresponding circle with a radius R3 and a center P3. The precision angle table 10 is installed below the coaxial member two 9, and the precision angle table 10 is adjusted so that the center P3 is approximately coincident with the optical indication origin o of the electronic autocollimator 16. At this time, the coaxial member two 9 is parallel to the optical axis of the elevation axis turntable 13 and the electronic autocollimator 16.

[0096] In the embodiment, by calibrating the beam splitter two 14 and the mirror two 11 respectively, the electronic autocollimator 16 reference is adjusted to be parallel to the axis of the elevation axis turntable 13, which is a basic step for subsequent calibration.

[0097] Embodiment five, this embodiment is a further limitation of the high-precision general adjustment method of the two-dimensional turntable and the coaxial member of embodiment three, and the installation of the elevation axis turntable 13 in step 22 based on the position coordinates of the beacon light of the electronic autocollimator 16 on the two-dimensional PSD sensor four 15 includes the following steps:

[0098] Step 221, the beam splitter two 14, the two-dimensional PSD sensor four 15 and the coaxial member two 9 are synchronously rotated;

[0099] Step 222, based on the beacon light of the electronic autocollimator 16, a plurality of sampling point coordinates on the two-dimensional PSD sensor four 15 are obtained, and the plurality of sampling point coordinates are fitted into a circle with a radius R2;

[0100] Step 223, the position coordinates of the center of the light spot of the electronic autocollimator 16 on the x-axis and the y-axis are obtained, and when the position coordinates are , and R2 is 0, the installation position of the elevation axis turntable 13 is fixed;

[0101] wherein, is the initial imaging coordinate of the beacon light of the electronic autocollimator 16 on the two-dimensional PSD sensor four 15;

[0102] The installation of the coaxial member two 9 in the step 24 based on the position coordinates of the beacon light of the electronic autocollimator 16 on the two-dimensional PSD sensor three 12 is completed, and the installation position of the coaxial member two 9 is fixed by the same operation as described above.

[0103] The position coordinates of the center of the light spot of the electronic autocollimator 16 on the x-axis and the y-axis in the step 223 are specifically:

[0104] ;

[0105] ;

[0106] where x, y are the position coordinates of the spot center in x-axis and y-axis respectively, is the half length of the four 15 photosensitive surface, and is the two photo currents in x-axis direction, and is the two photo currents in y-axis direction, , , and are the dark currents of the four electrodes respectively.

[0107] The four 15 two-dimensional PSD sensor is installed at the calibration position of the beam splitter two 14, and the four 15 two-dimensional PSD sensor is connected to the controller 17. The four 15 two-dimensional PSD sensor can rotate synchronously with the coaxial member two 9 and the beam splitter two 14. Since the optical axis of the electronic autocollimator 16 beacon light is parallel to the horizontal axis of the pitch axis turntable 13 at this time, the trajectory of the electronic autocollimator 16 beacon light on each sampling point of the four 15 two-dimensional PSD sensor is a circle with a radius R2 during the rotation of the pitch axis turntable 13. In the presence of dark current , carrier mobility difference and other non-ideal conditions, the principle of "current difference normalization" is used to eliminate the influence of the incident light on the position detection stability when the pitch axis turntable 13 is jittered, and the position coordinates of the spot center of the electronic autocollimator 16 beacon light on the corresponding four 15 two-dimensional PSD sensor of the beam splitter two 14 are obtained.

[0108] When the position coordinates of the spot center of the electronic autocollimator 16 beacon light on the four 15 two-dimensional PSD sensor are , and R2 is 0, the horizontal axis of the pitch axis turntable 13 is coaxial with the electronic autocollimator 16 beacon light, and at this time the position of the pitch axis turntable 13 is fixed to complete the installation of the pitch axis turntable 13. The installation accuracy depends on the size of the radius of the fitted circle. When the fitted circle tends to be 0, the installation accuracy is higher. The installation accuracy can be adjusted according to the requirements.

[0109] The coaxial component two 9 is installed by the same installation method as the pitch axis turntable 13. The two-dimensional PSD sensor three 12 is installed at the calibration position of the mirror two 11 and connected to the controller 17. The two-dimensional PSD sensor three 12 can rotate synchronously with the coaxial component two 9 and the mirror two 11. The trajectories of the beacon light of the electronic autocollimator 16 on each sampling point of the two-dimensional PSD sensor three 12 are a circle with a radius R4. When the position coordinates of the beacon light of the electronic autocollimator 16 on the two-dimensional PSD sensor three 12 are the initial imaging coordinates of the beacon light of the electronic autocollimator 16 on the two-dimensional PSD sensor three 12, and R4 is 0, the coaxial component two 9 and the beacon light axis of the electronic autocollimator 16 are coaxially installed. At this time, the position of the coaxial component two 9 is fixed, and the installation of the coaxial component two 9 is completed.

[0110] In the present embodiment, the installation of the pitch axis turntable 13 and the coaxial component two 9 is completed by the position coordinates of the beacon light of the electronic autocollimator 16 on the two-dimensional PSD sensor four 15 and the two-dimensional PSD sensor three 12, and the coaxial installation of the pitch axis turntable 13, the coaxial component two 9 and the electronic autocollimator 16 is realized. The installation does not need to rely on high-precision components and internal working light paths, which reduces the installation cost and complexity and is not limited to the type of coaxial component. The process can be realized without the need for the installed system to have a light path, and is a general coaxial installation method for turntables and coaxial components.

[0111] The same operation is used to coaxially install the azimuth axis turntable 3, the coaxial component one 7 and the electronic autocollimator 16 in step 3.

[0112] The same operation is used to coaxially install the azimuth axis turntable 3, the coaxial component one 7 and the electronic autocollimator 16 in step 3.

[0113] Embodiment six, the present embodiment is a specific embodiment based on any one of the installation methods of embodiments four to five. The present embodiment proposes a microwave communication device based on a high-precision two-dimensional turntable and a coaxial component, which includes a first azimuth axis turntable 5, a first pitch axis turntable 6 and a first coaxial component. The first coaxial component includes a pitch axis waveguide joint one 1, a pitch axis waveguide joint two 2, an azimuth axis waveguide joint one 3 and an azimuth axis waveguide joint two 4.

[0114] The pitch axis waveguide joint one 1, the pitch axis waveguide joint two 2 and the first pitch axis turntable 6 are coaxially installed.

[0115] The azimuth axis waveguide joint one 3, the azimuth axis waveguide joint two 4 and the first azimuth axis turntable 5 are coaxially installed.

[0116] The waveguide joint is a key component in microwave engineering, mainly used to realize the continuous transmission of electromagnetic signals between the rotating mechanism and the fixed waveguide. Its core function is to maintain stable transmission of microwave signals during mechanical rotation. Referring to the book "Electromagnetic Field, Microwave Technology and Antenna", published by Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Technology. The precise installation of the waveguide joint, as a key connecting component in the microwave communication system, has a decisive influence on the quality of signal transmission. High-precision installation can ensure that the waveguide joint realizes low insertion loss and low standing wave ratio when connecting different waveguide sections, thereby significantly improving the transmission efficiency of microwave signals. By precisely controlling the axis angle error, signal reflection can be reduced, and the system power capacity can be improved.

[0117] The microwave antenna turntable and the coaxial component are as shown in Figure 2 The two-dimensional turntable of the microwave antenna needs to ensure that the main and auxiliary reflector feed sources continuously align with the signal and stably track to realize the inter-satellite microwave communication function. The two-dimensional turntable includes the first azimuth axis turntable 5 and the first elevation axis turntable 6, and the coaxial component includes the elevation axis waveguide joint one 1, the elevation axis waveguide joint two 2, the azimuth axis waveguide joint one 3 and the azimuth axis waveguide joint two 4. The waveguide joint is a key connecting component in the microwave communication system, mainly used to maintain continuous and stable transmission of electromagnetic wave signals during rotation or movement, and has high requirements for coaxiality during rotation.

[0118] The microwave antenna needs to realize the coaxiality of the elevation axis waveguide joint one 1, the elevation axis waveguide joint two 2 and the first elevation axis turntable 6, and the coaxiality of the azimuth axis waveguide joint one 3, the azimuth axis waveguide joint two 4 and the first azimuth axis turntable 5. The coaxiality of the two axes is required to be better than 0.08mm. The photosensitive area of the two-dimensional PSD sensor is 9x9mm, the spectral response range is 320nm to 1100nm, the detection accuracy reaches 0.8μm, the wavelength of the spectroscope is 430nm to 1050nm, and the transmittance is 45%. The resolution of the electronic autocollimator is 0.02", the center area accuracy is 0.1", the light aperture is 18mm, the beam field of view is 120'x80', and the ranging range is 20m. By any one of the methods of embodiments four to five, the coaxiality of the two axes can be achieved to be 0.05mm, and the axis angle of the first elevation axis turntable 6 and the first azimuth axis turntable 5 can be controlled to be 90°±45".

[0119] Implementation Method Seven: This implementation method is a specific embodiment based on any one of the assembly and adjustment methods described in Implementation Methods Four and Five. This implementation method proposes a laser communication device based on a high-precision two-dimensional turntable and coaxial components, including a pitch axis front end reference component 1, a second azimuth axis turntable 2, a pitch axis rear end reference component 3, and a second pitch axis turntable 4.

[0120] The pitch axis front reference component 1, the pitch axis rear reference component 3, and the second pitch axis turntable 4 are coaxially mounted.

[0121] A laser communication terminal is the core equipment of a free-space optical communication system. It enables bidirectional data transmission in space by modulating the intensity, phase, or frequency of a laser beam (see "Space Coherent Laser Communication Technology"). A two-dimensional turntable is a key mechanical component of the laser communication terminal. Good installation accuracy of the turntable improves the quality of the communication link, enhances the system's anti-interference capability, and is a prerequisite for laser beam alignment and stability.

[0122] Laser communication terminal turntable and coaxial components, such as Figure 3 As shown. The laser communication terminal requires that the optical path always remain coaxial with the pitch axis when the laser turntable is operating. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the light-transmitting hole of the front reference component 1 of the pitch axis, the second pitch axis turntable 4, and the light-transmitting hole of the rear reference component 3 of the pitch axis are coaxial, with a coaxiality better than 0.01 mm. Since the coaxiality cannot be guaranteed using a hole-axis fit between the light-transmitting holes, the assembly and adjustment are carried out using any of the methods described in embodiments four and five.

[0123] The mechanical axis of the second pitch axis turntable 4 is coaxially mounted with the front reference component 1 and the rear reference component 3 of the pitch axis. The two-dimensional PSD sensor used has a photosensitive area of ​​8×8mm, a spectral response range of 320nm to 1100nm, and a detection accuracy of 0.2μm. The beam splitter used has a wavelength of 430nm to 670nm and a transmittance of 45%. The electronic autocollimator used has a resolution of 0.02″, a central area accuracy of 0.1″, a light aperture of 18mm, a beam field of view of 120′×80′, and a ranging range of 20m. Through any one of the methods described in embodiments four and five, a coaxiality of 0.003mm across the three axes can be achieved, and the included angle between the axes of the second pitch axis turntable 4 and the azimuth axis turntable is 90°±12″.

[0124] The above describes in detail the two-dimensional rotary table and the high-precision universal assembling and adjusting method of the coaxial component. The principles and implementation manners of the application are described by using specific examples. The above examples are only used to help understand the method of the application and its core idea. Meanwhile, for those skilled in the art, the specific implementation manners and application ranges can be changed according to the idea of the application. In conclusion, the content of the specification should not be understood as a limitation of the application.

Claims

1. A high-precision universal assembly and adjustment method for a two-dimensional turntable and coaxial components, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Install the azimuth axis turntable (3) and the pitch axis turntable (13) on the turntable bracket (8), and preset the included angle of the axes of the azimuth axis turntable (3) and the pitch axis turntable (13). It is 90°; Step 1 also requires controlling the error of the included angle of the axis. The error of the included angle of the axis is specifically as follows: Rotate the axis under test by 360° at fixed angular intervals to obtain multiple sampling positions, and record the corresponding horizontal coordinate x-axis values ​​of the electronic autocollimator (16) at each sampling position. and vertical coordinate y-axis value : ； ； ； in, For the first Each sampling location and These are the zero-order Fourier coefficients in the horizontal x-axis and vertical y-axis, respectively. and These represent the horizontal x-axis and the vertical y-axis, respectively. The second Fourier cosine coefficient and These represent the horizontal x-axis and the vertical y-axis, respectively. The second Fourier sine coefficients and These represent the horizontal x-axis and the vertical y-axis, respectively. The second Fourier cosine coefficient and These represent the horizontal x-axis and the vertical y-axis, respectively. The second Fourier sine coefficients For harmonic order, Number of terms; Orthogonal components of the horizontal x-axis of the error Orthogonal components of the perpendicular y-axis of the error for: ； Individual angle error for: ； in, This is the stability evaluation coefficient; Take the maximum value of the component angle errors as the error E of the axis angle: ； Step 2: Install beam splitter II (14) and electronic autocollimator (16) at the first end face (13a) of the pitch axis turntable, and install coaxial component II (9) and reflector II (11) at the second end face (13b) of the pitch axis turntable. The pitch axis turntable (13), coaxial component II (9) and electronic autocollimator (16) are coaxially installed. Step 3: Install a beam splitter (1) on the first end face (3a) of the azimuth axis turntable, and install a coaxial component (7) and a reflector (5) on the second end face (3b) of the azimuth axis turntable. Rotate the turntable bracket (8) clockwise by 90° to coaxially install the azimuth axis turntable (3), the coaxial component (7) and the electronic autocollimator (16).

2. The high-precision universal assembly and adjustment method for a two-dimensional turntable and coaxial components according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 2 involves coaxially installing the pitch axis turntable (13), coaxial component two (9), and electronic autocollimator (16), including the following steps: Step 21: Calibrate the second beam splitter (14) by installing the fourth two-dimensional PSD sensor (15) at the calibration position of the second beam splitter (14); Step 22: Based on the position coordinates of the beacon light of the electronic autocollimator (16) on the two-dimensional PSD sensor four (15), complete the installation of the pitch axis turntable (13); Step 23: Calibrate the second reflector (11) and install the third two-dimensional PSD sensor (12) at the calibration position of the second reflector (11); Step 24: Based on the position coordinates of the beacon light of the electronic autocollimator (16) on the two-dimensional PSD sensor three (12), the coaxial component two (9) is installed to realize the coaxial installation of the pitch axis turntable (13), the coaxial component two (9) and the electronic autocollimator (16); In step 3, the azimuth turntable (3), coaxial component 1 (7) and electronic autocollimator (16) are coaxially installed using the same operation as described above.

3. The high-precision universal assembly and adjustment method for a two-dimensional turntable and coaxial components according to claim 2, characterized in that, The calibration of beam splitter two (14) in step 21 includes the following steps: Step 211: Rotate the pitch axis turntable (13) 360° based on the transverse axis; Step 212: Based on the beacon light of the electronic autocollimator (16), the coordinates of multiple sampling points on the second beam splitter (14) are obtained at fixed angular intervals; Step 213: Fit the coordinates of multiple sampling points into a circle with radius R1 and center P1, so that the center P1 coincides with the optical indication origin o of the electronic autocollimator (16), and complete the calibration of the beam splitter. In step 23, the second reflector (11) is calibrated using the same operation as described above.

4. The high-precision universal assembly and adjustment method for a two-dimensional turntable and coaxial components according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mechanical axis of the pitch axis turntable (13) is parallel to the beacon optical axis of the electronic autocollimator (16).

5. A high-precision universal assembly and adjustment method for a two-dimensional turntable and coaxial components according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step 22, the installation of the pitch axis turntable (13) is completed based on the position coordinates of the beacon light of the electronic autocollimator (16) on the two-dimensional PSD sensor (15), including the following steps: Step 221, the second beam splitter (14), the fourth two-dimensional PSD sensor (15), and the second coaxial component (9) rotate synchronously; Step 222: Based on the beacon light of the electronic autocollimator (16), obtain the coordinates of multiple sampling points on the two-dimensional PSD sensor (15), and fit the coordinates of the multiple sampling points into a circle with a radius of R2; Step 223: Obtain the position coordinates of the spot center of the electronic autocollimator (16) on the x-axis and y-axis. When the position coordinates are... When R2 is 0, the installation position of the fixed pitch axis turntable (13) is fixed. in, The initial imaging coordinates of the beacon light of the electronic autocollimator (16) on the two-dimensional PSD sensor four (15); In step 24, based on the position coordinates of the beacon light of the electronic autocollimator (16) on the two-dimensional PSD sensor three (12), the coaxial component two (9) is installed, and the installation position of the coaxial component two (9) is fixed by the same operation as above.

6. A high-precision universal assembly and adjustment method for a two-dimensional turntable and coaxial components according to claim 5, characterized in that, The position coordinates of the spot center of the electronic autocollimator (16) on the x-axis and y-axis in step 223 are as follows: ； ； Where x and y are the position coordinates of the light spot center on the x-axis and y-axis, respectively. The length of one half of the four (15) photosensitive surfaces of the two-dimensional PSD sensor. and for Two photocurrents in the axial direction, and These are two photocurrents in the y-axis direction. , , and These are the dark currents of the four electrodes.

7. A high-precision universal assembly and adjustment method for a two-dimensional turntable and coaxial components according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The fixed angle interval is 15°.

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