Sandwich structure leaching type battery system and wide temperature range heat management method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a sandwich structure leaching type battery system and a wide temperature range heat management method thereof, and relates to the technical field of battery systems, the sandwich structure leaching type battery system comprises a spraying system, a battery module, a box body and a battery management system which are connected in sequence; the spraying system comprises a spraying pipeline, a supporting plate, an atomizing nozzle and an atomizing nozzle connector; the spraying pipeline is arranged on the supporting plate; the atomizing nozzle is arranged on the supporting plate through the atomizing nozzle connector; the battery module comprises a plurality of battery cells, a multifunctional variable flexibility interlayer and an aerogel layer; the battery cells and the multifunctional variable-flexibility interlayer are arranged in the aerogel layer; the box body comprises an outer box body, an internal partition plate, a battery supporting block and a pipeline interface; the internal partition plate and the battery supporting block are welded on the outer box body; and the pipeline interface is arranged outside the outer box body. According to the invention, the heat dissipation uniformity and the operation stability of the battery system are effectively improved, and the safety and the reliability of the battery under complex working conditions are enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery system technology, and in particular to a sandwich structure dip-immersion battery system and its wide temperature range thermal management method. Background Technology

[0002] Modern electric vehicles, electric flying cars, and electric low-altitude aircraft typically use lithium-ion batteries as their power source. However, lithium-ion batteries have poor temperature adaptability, and at low temperatures, they are prone to capacity decay, reduced output power, and lithium plating during charging; at high temperatures, the risk of thermal runaway increases. Therefore, power battery packs are usually equipped with thermal management systems to regulate battery operating temperature. However, with the development of electric drive technology, the input and output power requirements of battery packs are constantly increasing, and the requirements for lightweight design are gradually becoming more stringent. Therefore, developing efficient and lightweight battery thermal management systems is crucial.

[0003] However, existing thermal management systems for mass-produced electric vehicles mainly employ liquid-cooled plate solutions and immersion cooling solutions. Liquid-cooled plate solutions utilize liquid-cooled plates placed at the bottom of the battery pack or between cells to exchange heat with the battery through the coolant. However, these solutions suffer from poor battery temperature uniformity during high-power discharge, difficulty in effectively cooling high-heat points such as the tabs, and a trade-off between heat dissipation capacity and lightweight design. Immersion cooling, on the other hand, involves directly immersing the battery in coolant, achieving a more efficient heat dissipation method. This effectively increases the heat exchange area, reduces contact thermal resistance, avoids heat dissipation dead spots, and results in more uniform heat dissipation. However, immersion cooling significantly increases the amount of coolant added, leading to a decrease in system energy density. Furthermore, the immersion of the battery in coolant makes it difficult to heat the battery pack at low temperatures. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a sandwich structure immersion battery system that can solve the technical problems of poor battery temperature uniformity during high-power discharge, difficulty in effectively cooling high heat points such as tabs, difficulty in balancing heat dissipation capacity and lightweight liquid cooling plate system, and difficulty in heating in low-temperature environments.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a sandwich structure immersion battery system, comprising a spray system, a battery module, a housing, and a battery management system connected in sequence.

[0006] The spraying system includes: spraying pipes, support plate, atomizing nozzles, and atomizing nozzle connectors;

[0007] The spray pipe is installed on the support plate, and the spray pipe is used to reduce flow resistance differences and improve the uniformity of spraying.

[0008] The atomizing nozzle is mounted on the support plate via the atomizing nozzle connector;

[0009] The battery module includes: multiple battery cells, a multifunctional flexible interlayer, and an aerogel layer;

[0010] Each of the battery cells and the multifunctional flexible interlayer are arranged alternately and at intervals. The multifunctional flexible interlayer is used to provide a vertical flow channel for the coolant, so as to realize effective heat exchange between the battery and the coolant.

[0011] Each of the battery cells and the multifunctional flexible interlayer are disposed inside the aerogel layer;

[0012] The enclosure includes: an outer enclosure, an internal partition, a battery support block, and a pipeline interface;

[0013] The internal partition and battery support block are welded to the outer casing;

[0014] The pipeline interface is located on the outside of the outer casing;

[0015] The internal partition is used to divide the internal area of ​​the housing, suppress air intake and liquid accumulation during the coolant circulation process, and enhance the operational stability of the immersion battery system.

[0016] A second aspect of this invention provides a wide-temperature-range thermal management method for a dip-immersion battery system, applied to the sandwich structure dip-immersion battery system provided in the first aspect above. The method includes:

[0017] S1: The battery management system (4) controls the sandwich structure immersion battery system to enter the heat preservation mode;

[0018] S2: Determine whether the vehicle is running; if yes, proceed to step S3; otherwise, proceed to step S8.

[0019] S3: Collect the internal temperature of the sandwich structure immersion battery system;

[0020] S4: Determine whether the internal temperature is lower than the lower critical temperature; if yes, the sandwich structure immersion battery system enters the heating mode; otherwise, proceed to step S5.

[0021] S5: Determine whether the internal temperature is higher than the upper critical temperature; if yes, the sandwich structure immersion battery system enters the heat dissipation mode; otherwise, proceed to step S6.

[0022] S6: Determine whether the sandwich structure immersed battery system is about to enter or has already entered fast charging state; if yes, proceed to step S7; otherwise, the sandwich structure immersed battery system enters the heat preservation mode.

[0023] S7: Determine whether the internal temperature is higher than the minimum fast charging temperature; if yes, the sandwich structure immersion battery system enters the heat dissipation mode; otherwise, repeat step S7.

[0024] S8: Determine whether the vehicle is about to start or has already started running; if yes, proceed to step S9; otherwise, the sandwich structure immersion battery system enters the heat preservation mode.

[0025] S9: Collect the temperature of the sandwich structure immersed battery system;

[0026] S10: Determine whether the temperature is lower than the lower critical temperature; if yes, the sandwich structure immersion battery system enters the heating mode and returns to step S9; otherwise, the sandwich structure immersion battery system enters the heat preservation mode.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following:

[0028] In this embodiment of the invention, by setting spray pipes and atomizing nozzles in the spray system, the coolant spray is made more uniform, significantly reducing flow resistance differences, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the cell surface. The battery module section uses alternating arrangement of cells and multifunctional flexible interlayers to form vertical cooling channels while ensuring a compact structure, allowing the coolant to flow fully across the front of the cells and make large-area contact with them, further improving the heat dissipation effect. At the same time, the multifunctional flexible interlayers not only conduct heat but also absorb the expansion stress of the cells and provide buffering, enhancing the operational stability of the battery module. The outer aerogel layer coating improves the heat insulation and safety protection performance of the module. The housing structure achieves improved sealing and strength through welding and fixing of internal partitions and support blocks, and reasonably divides the interior to avoid liquid accumulation or pump cavitation during coolant circulation, thereby ensuring the continuity and reliability of system circulation. By integrating the spray system, battery module, housing, and battery management system connected in sequence, a multifunctional integrated design of heat dissipation, support, heat insulation, and protection is achieved, effectively improving the heat dissipation uniformity and operational stability of the battery system, and enhancing the safety and reliability of the power battery under complex working conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0029] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same parts. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a sandwich structure immersed battery system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery module provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a multifunctional variable flexibility sandwich structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a spray system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a bottom view of a spray system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of a box provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the partitioning of a box provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a wide-temperature-range thermal management method for an immersed battery system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure reference numerals: 1-Spraying system; 101-Spraying pipe; 101A-Main spraying pipe; 101B-Branch spraying pipe; 102-Support plate; 103-Atomizing nozzle; 104-Atomizing nozzle connector; 105-Main spraying pipe; 106-Branch spraying pipe; 2-Battery module; 201-Copper busbar; 202-Battery cell; 203-Multifunctional flexible interlayer; 203A-... 1. Aluminum alloy support layer; 203B - Copper heating element layer; 203C - Second aluminum alloy support layer; 204 - Aerogel layer; 3 - Housing; 301 - Outer housing; 302 - Internal partition; 303 - Battery support block; 304 - Pipeline interface; 305 - Battery area; 306 - Busbar area; 307 - Gas-liquid separation area; 308 - Control circuit area; 309 - Liquid return channel; 4 - Battery management system. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. It should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concepts disclosed in this invention.

[0041] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present invention.

[0042] Reference manual attached Figures 1 to 7 The present invention provides a sandwich structure immersion battery system, comprising a spray system 1, a battery module 2, a housing 3, and a battery management system 4 connected in sequence.

[0043] The spray system 1 includes: a spray pipe 101, a support plate 102, an atomizing nozzle 103, and an atomizing nozzle connector 104.

[0044] The spray pipe 101 is installed on the support plate 102. The spray pipe 101 is used to reduce the flow resistance difference and improve the uniformity of spraying.

[0045] The atomizing nozzle 103 is mounted on the support plate 102 via the atomizing nozzle connector 104.

[0046] The battery module 2 includes: multiple battery cells 202, a multifunctional flexible interlayer 203, and an aerogel layer 204.

[0047] Each battery cell 202 and the multifunctional flexible interlayer 203 are arranged alternately. The multifunctional flexible interlayer 203 is used to provide a vertical flow channel for the coolant, so as to achieve effective heat exchange between the battery and the coolant.

[0048] Each battery cell 202 and the multifunctional flexible interlayer 203 are disposed inside the aerogel layer 204.

[0049] The housing 3 includes: an outer housing 301, an internal partition 302, a battery support block 303, and a pipeline interface 304.

[0050] The internal partition 302 and the battery support block 303 are welded to the outer casing 301.

[0051] Pipeline interface 304 is located outside the outer casing 301.

[0052] The internal partition 302 is used to divide the internal area of ​​the housing 3, suppress air intake and liquid accumulation during the coolant circulation process, and enhance the operational stability of the immersion battery system.

[0053] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following:

[0054] In this embodiment of the invention, by setting spray pipes and atomizing nozzles in the spray system, the coolant spray is made more uniform, significantly reducing flow resistance differences and thus improving the heat exchange efficiency of the cell surface. The battery module section uses alternating arrangement of cells and multifunctional flexible interlayers to form vertical cooling channels while ensuring a compact structure. This allows the coolant to flow fully across the front of the cells and make large-area contact with them, further improving the heat dissipation effect. At the same time, the multifunctional flexible interlayers not only conduct heat but also absorb the expansion stress of the cells and provide buffering, enhancing the operational stability of the battery module. The outer aerogel layer coating improves the module's heat insulation and safety protection performance. The housing structure achieves improved sealing and strength through the welding and fixing of internal partitions and support blocks, and the internal area is reasonably divided to avoid liquid accumulation or pump cavitation during coolant circulation, thereby ensuring the continuity and reliability of the system circulation. By integrating the spray system, battery module, housing, and battery management system connected in sequence, a multifunctional integrated design of heat dissipation, support, heat insulation, and protection is achieved, effectively improving the heat dissipation uniformity and operational stability of the battery system, and enhancing the safety and reliability of the power battery under complex operating conditions.

[0055] In one possible implementation, the battery module 2 further includes a copper busbar 201.

[0056] A copper busbar 201 is placed between each battery cell 202, and the battery cells 202 are connected to each other through the copper busbar 201.

[0057] Among them, copper busbar 201 refers to a flat metal connector made of high conductivity copper material, used to realize electrical interconnection between multiple cells 202, and has the characteristics of high conductivity, low resistance and high current carrying capacity.

[0058] It should be noted that by setting copper busbars 201 for electrical connection between the cells, not only can the circuit resistance and energy loss be significantly reduced and the current transmission efficiency improved, but the stability and safety of the battery module under high current charging and discharging conditions can also be guaranteed, thereby improving the performance and reliability of the entire battery system.

[0059] In one possible implementation, the multifunctional flexible interlayer 203 includes a first aluminum alloy support layer 203A, a copper heating element layer 203B, and a second aluminum alloy support layer 203C connected in sequence.

[0060] It should be noted that by designing the multifunctional flexible interlayer 203 as a first aluminum alloy support layer 203A, a copper heating element layer 203B, and a second aluminum alloy support layer 203C connected in sequence, it can not only provide sufficient mechanical strength and support in terms of structure, but also achieve rapid heating and uniform heat conduction by utilizing the copper heating element layer. This takes into account the heat dissipation, heating, and expansion buffering requirements of the battery cell, and effectively improves the safety and operational stability of the battery module.

[0061] In one possible implementation, the exterior of the multifunctional flexible interlayer 203 has a right-angled square waveform.

[0062] The middle part of the multifunctional variable flexibility interlayer 203 has an oblique wave shape.

[0063] It should be noted that by designing the exterior of the multifunctional flexible interlayer 203 as a right-angled square waveform to enhance structural rigidity, and using an oblique waveform in the middle to provide flexible deformation space, it can not only effectively buffer the stress generated by cell expansion during long-term operation, but also improve heat dissipation and safety performance while maintaining overall support strength, thereby significantly enhancing the stability and reliability of the battery module.

[0064] In this embodiment of the invention, the multifunctional variable flexibility interlayer 203 specifically functions as follows: It creates a certain gap between the battery cells, providing a vertical flow channel for the coolant and enabling effective heat exchange between the battery and the coolant. The outer right-angled square wave structure has high rigidity, providing support for the battery. The inner oblique waveform has a certain degree of flexibility; after long-term use and expansion, it will undergo a certain deformation, providing expansion space for the battery. The internal copper heating element can pass a certain current at low temperatures to achieve rapid heating of the battery. When some battery cells experience thermal runaway due to mechanical damage, lithium plating, or other reasons, the coolant inside the multifunctional variable flexibility interlayer and its longitudinal flow channel can provide flame-retardant properties.

[0065] In one possible implementation, the spray pipe 101 includes a main spray pipe 101A and a branch spray pipe 101A.

[0066] The diameter of the water pipe in the main sprinkler line 101A is larger than the diameter of the water pipe in the branch sprinkler line 101A.

[0067] The spray points of the spray pipe 101 are arranged in a hexagonal stacking pattern.

[0068] It should be noted that by designing the spray pipe 101 as a hierarchical structure of main and branch lines, and adopting a method where the diameter of the main line pipe is larger than that of the branch line pipe, the difference in flow resistance can be effectively reduced. At the same time, combined with the spray point arrangement scheme of hexagonal stacking, the coolant distribution is more uniform, thereby significantly improving the coverage and heat exchange efficiency of the cell surface, and improving the overall heat dissipation uniformity and stability of the battery system.

[0069] In this embodiment of the invention, the spray pipeline adopts a "tiered" pipeline design, with larger diameter water pipes used in the main lines and smaller diameter water pipes used in the branch lines, resulting in differences in flow resistance between each spray point. The spray points are arranged in an optimized "hexagonal stacking" pattern to improve the uniformity of the system's spraying.

[0070] In one possible implementation, the internal partition 302 divides the internal area of ​​the housing 3 into a battery area 305, a junction area 306, a gas-liquid separation area 307, and a control circuit area 308.

[0071] It should be noted that by setting an internal partition 302 inside the housing 3 and rationally dividing it into a battery area 305, a junction area 306, a gas-liquid separation area 307, and a control circuit area 308, not only can the independent distribution of functional areas be achieved and the orderly flow of coolant circulation be ensured, but also liquid can be effectively prevented from entering the circuit area, improving the system's sealing and safety, thereby significantly enhancing the stability and reliability of the battery system operation.

[0072] In this embodiment of the invention, the casing is made of aluminum alloy. The internal partitions and battery support blocks are welded to the outer casing, and the partitions and their connections to the casing are completely sealed to prevent leakage. After assembly, the casing forms four cavity areas: a battery area, a current collection area, a gas-liquid separation area, and a control circuit area. The control circuit area is waterproof and sealed, preventing coolant from entering. When the battery system is in a cooled state, low-temperature coolant is sprayed from the spray pipes onto the battery modules in the battery area, cooling the upper surface of the cells, the cell tabs, and the copper busbars. The coolant then flows into the vertical flow channels provided by the integrated interlayer between the cells to further cool the larger front area of ​​the cells. The higher-temperature coolant then flows into the manifold, which typically contains some air. An external low-pressure pump pumps the air-liquid mixture from the manifold into the upper inlet of the gas-liquid separation zone. The liquid naturally flows downwards and collects at the bottom of the gas-liquid separation zone. The coolant is then pumped out from the bottom of the gas-liquid separation zone by an external high-pressure pump, cooled by the battery-vehicle heat exchanger, and enters the spray system to achieve a cooling cycle. Under high flow conditions, significant liquid accumulation often occurs above the battery module. In this invention, a liquid return channel is provided above the gas-liquid separation zone and the battery area. After liquid accumulates above the battery, it flows directly into the gas-liquid separation zone through the return channel, avoiding the risk of the high-pressure pump sucking in air.

[0073] In one possible implementation, it also includes: a liquid return channel 309.

[0074] The liquid return channel 309 is located above the battery area 305 and the gas-liquid separation area 307. The liquid return channel 309 is used to directly flow the liquid into the gas-liquid separation area 307 after liquid is generated in the upper part of the battery, thus avoiding the high-pressure liquid pump from sucking in air.

[0075] It should be noted that by setting up a liquid return channel 309 above the battery area 305 and the gas-liquid separation area 307, the coolant can be promptly introduced into the gas-liquid separation area when liquid accumulates on the upper part of the battery. This effectively avoids the unstable operation or damage caused by the high-pressure liquid pump sucking in air, thereby improving the continuity and reliability of the cooling cycle and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the battery system under high flow conditions.

[0076] In one possible implementation, the immersion battery system includes: a heat preservation mode, a heating mode, and a heat dissipation mode.

[0077] It should be noted that by setting three working states—insulation mode, heating mode, and heat dissipation mode—in the immersion battery system, it is possible to flexibly switch according to the battery temperature and operating conditions. This not only achieves rapid heating under low temperature conditions and insulation under suitable temperatures, but also efficient heat dissipation under high temperature conditions, thereby comprehensively improving the thermal management capability and operational safety of the battery system.

[0078] In one possible implementation, the heat preservation mode is specifically as follows:

[0079] When the battery management system 4 controls the sandwich structure immersed battery system to enter the heat preservation mode, the car's heat exchanger, low-pressure liquid pump and high-pressure liquid pump are in a non-working state, the coolant is in the confluence zone 306 and the gas-liquid separation zone 307, and the longitudinal flow channel of the multi-functional flexible sandwich 203 is filled with air, which plays a heat preservation role for the sandwich structure immersed battery system.

[0080] The heating mode is as follows:

[0081] When the battery management system 4 controls the sandwich structure immersed battery system to enter the heating mode, the vehicle's BMS system controls the heating circuit to supply current to the copper heating element 207 inside the multi-functional flexible sandwich 203 to rapidly heat the sandwich structure immersed battery system and achieve a temperature rise in the sandwich structure immersed battery system.

[0082] The specific heat dissipation modes are as follows:

[0083] When the battery management system 4 controls the sandwich structure immersed battery system to enter the heat dissipation mode, the coolant circulation is started, and the vehicle's heat exchanger, low-pressure liquid pump and high-pressure liquid pump are in working condition. The heat of the sandwich structure immersed battery system is carried away by the coolant and conducted to the vehicle's heat exchange system through the heat exchanger.

[0084] Reference manual attached Figure 8 This diagram illustrates a flow chart of a wide-temperature-range thermal management method for an immersed battery system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0085] The present invention also provides a wide-temperature-range thermal management method for a dip-immersion battery system, applied to the above-mentioned sandwich structure dip-immersion battery system, comprising:

[0086] S1: Battery Management System 4 controls the sandwich structure immersion battery system to enter the heat preservation mode.

[0087] S2: Determine if the car is running. If yes, proceed to step S3. Otherwise, proceed to step S8.

[0088] S3: Collect the internal temperature of the sandwich structure immersed battery system.

[0089] S4: Determine if the internal temperature is below the lower critical temperature. If so, the sandwich structure impregnated battery system enters the heating mode. Otherwise, proceed to step S5.

[0090] S5: Determine if the internal temperature is higher than the upper critical temperature. If so, the sandwich structure immersed battery system enters the heat dissipation mode. Otherwise, proceed to step S6.

[0091] S6: Determine whether the sandwich-structured immersed battery system is about to enter or has already entered fast charging mode. If yes, proceed to step S7. Otherwise, the sandwich-structured immersed battery system enters heat preservation mode.

[0092] S7: Determine if the internal temperature is higher than the minimum fast charging temperature. If so, the sandwich structure immersed battery system enters heat dissipation mode. Otherwise, repeat step S7.

[0093] S8: Determine whether the vehicle is about to start or has already started operating. If yes, proceed to step S9. Otherwise, the sandwich-structured immersed battery system enters the heat preservation mode.

[0094] S9: Collects the temperature of the sandwich structure immersed battery system.

[0095] S10: Determine if the temperature is below the lower critical temperature. If yes, the sandwich structure impregnated battery system enters the heating mode and returns to step S9. Otherwise, the sandwich structure impregnated battery system enters the heat preservation mode.

[0096] It should be noted that by setting multiple modes of heat preservation, heating and heat dissipation, and by gradually judging and dynamically switching them in combination with the vehicle's operating status, real-time temperature and fast charging requirements, the system can automatically select the optimal temperature control strategy under different operating conditions. This not only ensures that the battery heats up quickly at low temperatures and dissipates heat efficiently at high temperatures, but also reduces energy consumption and maintains stability at suitable temperatures. This achieves intelligent management of the battery system and significantly improves the battery's safety, energy efficiency and lifespan.

[0097] This invention encompasses any substitutions, modifications, equivalent methods, and solutions made within the spirit and scope of this invention. To provide the public with a thorough understanding of this invention, specific details are described in detail in the preferred embodiments, while those skilled in the art will fully understand the invention even without these details. Furthermore, to avoid unnecessary misunderstanding of the essence of this invention, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components, and circuits are not described in detail.

[0098] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sandwich-structured impregnated battery system, characterized in that, It includes a spray system (1), a battery module (2), a housing (3), and a battery management system (4) connected in sequence; The spray system (1) includes: a spray pipe (101), a support plate (102), an atomizing nozzle (103), and an atomizing nozzle connector (104); The spray pipe (101) is disposed on the support plate (102), and the spray pipe (101) is used to reduce the flow resistance difference and improve the uniformity of spraying; The atomizing nozzle (103) is mounted on the support plate (102) via the atomizing nozzle connector (104); The battery module (2) includes: multiple battery cells (202), a multifunctional flexible interlayer (203), and an aerogel layer (204); Each of the battery cells (202) and the multifunctional flexible interlayer (203) are arranged alternately and at intervals. The multifunctional flexible interlayer (203) is used to provide a vertical flow channel for the coolant, so as to realize effective heat exchange between the battery and the coolant. Each of the battery cells (202) and the multifunctional flexible interlayer (203) are disposed inside the aerogel layer (204); The housing (3) includes: an outer housing (301), an internal partition (302), a battery support block (303), and a pipeline interface (304); The internal partition (302) and the battery support block (303) are welded to the outer casing (301); The pipeline interface (304) is located outside the outer casing (301); The internal partition (302) is used to divide the internal area of ​​the housing (3), suppress air suction and liquid accumulation during the coolant circulation process, and enhance the operational stability of the sandwich structure immersion battery system.

2. The sandwich structure impregnation battery system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery module (2) also includes: a copper busbar (201); The copper busbar (201) is disposed in the middle of each of the battery cells (202), and the battery cells (202) are connected to each other through the copper busbar (201).

3. The sandwich structure impregnation battery system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multifunctional flexible interlayer (203) includes a first aluminum alloy support layer (203A), a copper heating element layer (203B), and a second aluminum alloy support layer (203C) connected in sequence.

4. The sandwich structure impregnation battery system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The exterior of the multifunctional flexible interlayer (203) has a right-angled square waveform; The middle part of the multifunctional flexible interlayer (203) has an oblique waveform.

5. The sandwich structure impregnation battery system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spray pipeline (101) includes a main spray pipeline (101A) and a branch spray pipeline (101A); The diameter of the water pipe in the main road sprinkler pipeline (101A) is larger than the diameter of the water pipe in the branch road sprinkler pipeline (101A); The spray points of the spray pipe (101) are arranged in a hexagonal stacking pattern.

6. The sandwich structure impregnation battery system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The internal partition (302) divides the internal area of ​​the housing (3) into a battery area (305), a junction area (306), a gas-liquid separation area (307), and a control circuit area (308).

7. The sandwich structure impregnation battery system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Liquid return tank (309); The liquid return channel (309) is located above the battery area (305) and the gas-liquid separation area (307). The liquid return channel (309) is used to directly flow the liquid into the gas-liquid separation area (307) after liquid is generated in the upper part of the battery, thus avoiding the high-pressure liquid pump from sucking in air.

8. The sandwich structure impregnation battery system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sandwich structure immersion battery system includes: heat preservation mode, heating mode and heat dissipation mode.

9. The sandwich structure impregnation battery system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The heat preservation mode is specifically as follows: When the battery management system (4) controls the sandwich structure immersion battery system to enter the heat preservation mode, the car's heat exchanger, low-pressure liquid pump and high-pressure liquid pump are in a non-working state, the coolant is in the confluence area (306) and the gas-liquid separation area (307), and the longitudinal flow channel of the multifunctional flexible sandwich (203) is filled with air, which plays a heat preservation role for the sandwich structure immersion battery system; The heating mode is specifically as follows: When the battery management system (4) controls the sandwich structure immersed battery system to enter the heating mode, the vehicle's BMS system controls the heating circuit to pass current into the copper heating element (207) inside the multifunctional flexible sandwich (203) to rapidly heat the sandwich structure immersed battery system and achieve a temperature rise in the sandwich structure immersed battery system. The heat dissipation mode is specifically as follows: When the battery management system (4) controls the sandwich structure immersed battery system to enter the heat dissipation mode, the coolant circulation is started, and the heat exchanger, the low-pressure liquid pump and the high-pressure liquid pump of the vehicle are in working condition. The heat of the sandwich structure immersed battery system is carried away by the coolant and conducted to the heat exchange system of the vehicle through the heat exchanger.

10. A wide-temperature-range thermal management method for an immersion battery system, characterized in that, The method applied to the sandwich structure impregnation battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 9 includes: S1: The battery management system (4) controls the sandwich structure immersion battery system to enter the heat preservation mode; S2: Determine whether the vehicle is running; if yes, proceed to step S3; otherwise, proceed to step S8. S3: Collect the internal temperature of the sandwich structure immersion battery system; S4: Determine whether the internal temperature is lower than the lower critical temperature; if yes, the sandwich structure immersion battery system enters the heating mode; otherwise, proceed to step S5. S5: Determine whether the internal temperature is higher than the upper critical temperature; if yes, the sandwich structure immersion battery system enters the heat dissipation mode; otherwise, proceed to step S6. S6: Determine whether the sandwich structure immersed battery system is about to enter or has already entered fast charging state; if yes, proceed to step S7; otherwise, the sandwich structure immersed battery system enters the heat preservation mode. S7: Determine whether the internal temperature is higher than the minimum fast charging temperature; if yes, the sandwich structure immersion battery system enters the heat dissipation mode; otherwise, repeat step S7. S8: Determine whether the vehicle is about to start or has already started running; if yes, proceed to step S9; otherwise, the sandwich structure immersion battery system enters the heat preservation mode. S9: Collect the temperature of the sandwich structure immersed battery system; S10: Determine whether the temperature is lower than the lower critical temperature; if yes, the sandwich structure immersion battery system enters the heating mode and returns to step S9; otherwise, the sandwich structure immersion battery system enters the heat preservation mode.

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