Screening, crushing or mixing arrangement for heavy equipment

Abstract

The object of the invention is a screening, crushing or mixing blade arrangement for heavy equipment. The screen plates (2) are at a distance from each other and form a screen surface equipped with screen grooves (3). A plurality of blades (5, 50) are mounted on each shaft, the blades (5, 50) are directly mounted on the shafts, and the blades (5, 50) extend outwards from the shafts (4) in the radial direction of the shafts (4) to penetrate through the screen grooves (3). The blades (5, 50) have non-circular mounting holes (8) substantially corresponding to the cross-section of the shaft. The blade (5, 50) is formed by two spaced-apart blade elements (5a, 5b; 50a, 50b) comprising corresponding mounting openings (6a, 6b) open outwards in the radial direction of the mounting hole (8). The first blade element (5a, 50a) is dimensioned such that, when mounted, the first blade element can be brought through its mounting opening (6a) to a desired position on the shaft (4), and the second blade element (5b, 50b) can be brought through its mounting opening (6b) to the shaft (4) from an opposite direction to the first blade element (5a, 50a) in close proximity to the first blade element (5a, 50a). The blade elements can be aligned with each other in the longitudinal direction of the shaft (4) by a longitudinal movement of the shaft (4). The edge of the mounting opening (6a, 6b) comprises a locking design (6a ', 6b') forming a lock between a first blade element (5a, 50a) mounted and a second blade element (5b, 50b) mounted in an opposite direction with respect to the longitudinal direction of the shaft (4).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The object of the present invention is a blade arrangement for screening, crushing or mixing heavy equipment, comprising a plurality of screen plates spaced apart from each other and forming a screen surface provided with screen grooves, one or more non-circular rotatable shafts, and a power transmission member for rotating the shafts, the shafts having a plurality of replaceable, freely movable blades mounted thereon in the longitudinal direction of the shafts, the blades being directly mounted on the shafts and extending outward from the axial direction of the shafts through the screen grooves, the blades having non-circular mounting holes that substantially correspond to the cross-section of the shafts. Background Technology

[0002] The arrangement according to the invention is suitable for use, for example, in conjunction with a screen arranged in the bucket of heavy equipment as disclosed in publication DE202006001257 U1, which is particularly suitable for soil screening. The equipment can be, for example, an excavator, wheel loader, telescopic forklift, or other suitable mobile machinery. The equipment can also be a screening, crushing, and / or mixing device designed for this purpose, which can be stationary or mobile. The screen includes a screen surface equipped with grooves, below which exists a rotatable shaft having a polygonal cross-section, the rotatable shaft having projecting blades mounted thereon that rotate with the shaft, the projecting blades extending above the screen surface through the grooves of the screen surface. The blades can be axially moved along the respective shaft and can be replaced by removing the shaft from the screen and subsequently removing replaceable blades from the shaft and installing new blades in their place.

[0003] Figures 1a and 1b schematically illustrate a prior art screening arrangement mounted on the bucket 1 of a mobile heavy equipment, the arrangement according to the invention being suitable for use with that arrangement. The arrangement discussed relates to the arrangement disclosed in the applicant's own Finnish Patent 128813 B, in which blades 5' are attached to a rotating shaft 4. The arrangement includes a screening surface 2a arranged in the loading space inside the bucket 1, the screening surface 2a having grooves that define the coarseness of the screening. Thus, the screening surface 2a is formed by the front surface of the adjacent screen plate 2. Behind the screen surface (Figure 1b), there is a rotatable shaft 4 having blades 5' arranged thereon that extend radially outward from the shaft 4, the blades 5' extending through the grooves (screen grooves 3) of the screen surface in the mounted state of the screen plate 2. This can be seen particularly in Figures 1a and 1b, where the blades 5' extend past the rear surface 2c (rear) of the screen plate 2. The blade 5' itself includes a mounting hole 8, which is discontinuous on its inner surface, thus having a mounting opening through which the blade can be brought onto the shaft via the mounting opening and then through a thinning section formed in the shaft, and slide to the desired position in the longitudinal direction of the shaft. Here, again, replacing the blade requires a relatively large amount of disassembly work and specific shaping of the shaft, such as the aforementioned thinning section.

[0004] The corresponding screening arrangement is also used in screening crushers, for example, using specific crushing blades, and in mixers using specific mixing blades.

[0005] In these existing technological solutions, replacing blades requires relatively extensive disassembly, specific shaping of the shaft, and / or removal of the shaft from the bucket or body of a particular type of equipment. This is a relatively laborious task because the power transmission equipment must first be disassembled before the shaft can be removed from the equipment's bucket or body. This is particularly difficult under site conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of this invention is to provide a solution that significantly reduces the workload required for blade replacement, and thereby enables blade replacement to be carried out under on-site conditions without the need for lifting aids. It also aims to provide a solution that can be used in existing shaft arrangements. Furthermore, it aims to enable the screening or crushing of soil or other similar materials into different particle sizes, including fine particles.

[0007] To achieve this objective, the arrangement according to the invention is characterized by: the blade being formed by two spaced-apart blade elements, wherein the first and second blade elements of the blade include corresponding mounting openings that open outward in the radial direction of the mounting hole; the first blade element is sized such that, when mounted, the first blade element can be brought to a desired position on the shaft through its mounting opening, and the second blade element can be brought to the shaft adjacent to the first blade element from the opposite direction relative to the first blade element through its mounting opening; the first and second blade elements can be brought to be aligned with each other in the longitudinal direction of the shaft by longitudinal movement of the shaft; and the edge of the mounting opening includes a locking design that forms a locking between the mounted first blade element and the second blade element mounted in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction of the shaft. Attached Figure Description

[0008] The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0009] Figure 1a shows a schematic diagram of the prior art screen bucket and its blades as seen from the front;

[0010] Figure 1b shows the screen bucket according to Figure 1a as seen from the rear;

[0011] Figure 2a A blade according to a preferred embodiment of the invention is shown, wherein the blade elements are separate from each other;

[0012] Figure 2b It shows Figure 2a The blade shown is composed of blade elements joined together.

[0013] Figure 3 A blade according to another preferred embodiment of the invention is shown, the blade being in the form of a screening disc and attached to a screen plate forming a screening groove, and

[0014] Figure 4 As shown Figure 3 The screening disc shown is equipped with a shoulder with a flange. Detailed Implementation

[0015] Figure 1 illustrates a prior art screen bucket arranged in the bucket of mobile heavy equipment, which has been described in more detail above in the background section. Features shown in Figure 1 (which relate to the applicant's prior patent FI128813 B, except for the blades and their structure) can be included in the teachings of the preferred embodiments presented below. Corresponding features are also disclosed in the aforementioned publication DE202006001257 U1. It should also be noted that this arrangement can also be directly applied to blade arrangements intended for use in heavy equipment for screening, crushing, or mixing.

[0016] Figure 1, as a schematic diagram, illustrates an embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention, depicting a screening blade assembly arranged on three shafts 4. This assembly is arranged in a screening space 17 between the inner sidewalls 16a, 16b of the bucket body. The shafts 4 extend between said spaces, and a portion of their length also extends into a power transmission device (not shown here) arranged inside the housing 6. Figure 1 also shows a mudguard 18, which is described in more detail in the applicant's European patent EP2216448B1. In the arrangement according to the invention, the mudguard may also be omitted.

[0017] Figure 2a and Figure 2b A preferred embodiment of the arrangement of blades 5 is shown in more detail below. In the illustrated embodiment, the blades 5 are formed as plate-shaped screening blades and have mounting holes 8 extending in the thickness direction S, the mounting holes 8 having an inner surface 8a with a shape corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the shaft 4. The thickness S of the blades 5 is preferably dimensioned to substantially correspond to the width of the screen groove 3. Thus, a screen groove 3 is formed between two adjacent screen plates 2, as shown in Figures 1a and 1b. The width of the screen groove 3 can be larger than the thickness S of the blades, for example, by 0.1 mm to 1 mm, in which case the blades 5 are held in the screen groove 3 formed between the two screen plates 2 when mounted on the shaft 4. Two or more blades 5 can also be arranged in parallel in corresponding enlarged grooves between two screen plates.

[0018] By forming the blade 5 at the mounting hole 8 into two blade elements, the mounting hole 8 is discontinuous in the circumferential direction of its inner surface 8a. Figure 2aIn the figure, the blade elements are shown as separate from each other. The first blade element is labeled with reference numeral 5a, and the second blade element is labeled with reference numeral 5b. The first blade element 5a includes a mounting opening 6a that opens outward in the radial direction of the mounting hole 8. Here, the blade element 5a also includes an actual blade portion 5a' ( Figure 2a The actual blade portion 5a' extends through the screen surface of the screen groove 3 to the other side (upper side), i.e., the front side. Here, the front side (and front surface) refers to the side supplying soil or similar material. Accordingly, the second blade element 5b includes a corresponding mounting opening 6b that opens outward in the radial direction of the mounting hole 8. The blade elements 5a, 5b are preferably divided into multiple parts from the mounting hole 8, such that the inner surface 8a of the mounting hole 8 is divided into two parts having the same shape and size.

[0019] The edges of the mounting openings 6a and 6b include corresponding locking designs 6a' and 6b' that form a lock between the first blade element 5a and the second blade element 5b, wherein the first blade element 5a and the second blade element 5b are mounted in place and as shown below. Figure 2b The alignment described herein is transverse to the longitudinal direction of shaft 4. In other words, this locking of blade 5 prevents blade elements 5a and 5b from separating from each other in the radial direction of shaft 4 when forces caused by their rotation are applied to blade 5. Here, the locking design forms a pair of locking designs located on generally opposite sides of shaft 4, preferably on opposite sides of shaft 4.

[0020] By simply removing enough screen plates 2 between the blades 5, the blades 5 can be removed from the shaft 4, so that the blade elements 5a, 5b of the blades 5 can be positioned on the shaft A ( Figure 2b The blade elements 5a and 5b can slide out of lock in the direction of axis A, that is, slide relative to each other to a position where they are not aligned in the direction of axis A. Therefore, the two blade elements 5a and 5b can be disassembled and, for example, replaced in the radial direction.

[0021] The detachable screen plate 2 (screen) can be composed of a large element forming the screen surface 2a, a smaller element package, or separately replaceable screen plates (i.e., screen strips). Blades 5, locked around the shaft 4 in the gaps or grooves 3 of the screen plates 2, can move freely between the screen plates 2 in the longitudinal direction A of the shaft 4. The gaps or grooves 3 must be so small that, in any position, when force is applied to the blades 5, the space formed by the combination of gap and deflection does not allow the blades 4 to unlock.

[0022] Therefore, by removing (usually in conjunction with the replacement of the aforementioned blades 5) the sieve plate 2 between the blades 5, the blades are mounted in place around the shaft 4, such that the blade elements 5a and 5b of the blades 5 can be directly brought to the desired position in the longitudinal direction A of the shaft 4. In this case, for example, the first blade element 5a passes through its mounting opening 6a around the shaft from one side of the shaft 4, and the second blade element 5b is brought to the side of the first blade element 5a from the opposite side of the shaft 4 in the longitudinal direction A of the shaft 4. In this case, the second blade element 5b can be positioned along the shaft 4... Figure 2a Slide in the direction of the arrow shown to... Figure 2b Alignment is shown at the indicated positions. It is not necessary which blade element is brought to the shaft 4 first or which blade element is moved. What is important here is the relative movement of the blade elements in the longitudinal direction A of the shaft. Therefore, the locking designs 6a' and 6b' formed on the blade 5 are also aligned, thereby forming the aforementioned lock between the blade elements 5a and 5b. After this, the removed screen plate 2 can be fixed in appropriate positions on both sides of the blade 5. In this case, the blade elements rest on opposite sides of the sidewall 2c of the screen plate 2, thereby locking the blade elements 5a and 5b, and therefore the entire blade 5, in place in the longitudinal direction A of the shaft 4.

[0023] Locking designs 6a' and 6b' in Figure 2a and Figure 2b As shown in the diagram, curved surfaces are placed against each other when blade elements 5a and 5b are slid together along the axis to form blade 5. In this case, the curved surfaces rest against each other and prevent blade elements 5a and 5b from moving relative to each other in the radial or rotational direction of the axis 4. Under this load condition, the blade elements are locked together more securely due to the shape of the locking design. The locking design can have other shapes besides or in place of the curved surface; in this case, the design can be, for example, a chamfered surface or a flat surface. If necessary, these designs can be shaped such that the blade elements tend to self-adjust between the screen plates 2 under load conditions.

[0024] The cross-section of the shaft 4 and the corresponding design of the inner surface 8a of the mounting hole 8 are preferably made such that the blade 5 can be placed in different angular positions relative to the shaft 4 along the circumference of the shaft, and the shape is locked in place to prevent rotation in the manner described above. The mounting hole 8 forms a uniform part of the inner surface 8a along the entire length of the circumference, ensuring that the blade 5 is held on the shaft 4.

[0025] exist Figure 3 and Figure 4The image shows a blade according to another embodiment of the invention, designated as reference numeral 50 and positioned similarly between the screen plates 2. This is blade 50, which is formed from two blade elements 50a and 50b. However, here, an actual blade component 50a is formed within the two blade elements, extending axially outward through the screen groove in the radial direction of the shaft 4. Due to the semi-elliptical shape of the blade elements 50a and 50b, the blade 50, when assembled, forms a known screening disc having an elliptical shape on its outer circumference. Figure 3 The diagram shows an arrangement in which the major and minor axes of a continuous elliptical sieve disc 50 are rotated 90 degrees relative to each other. This shape is not limited to an elliptical shape, but can be other shapes such as a star or other polygons. This sieve disc 50 can be compared functionally and structurally to the blade 5 according to the first embodiment.

[0026] The screening disc 50 also has corresponding mounting openings and locking designs 60a', 60b' as presented in the first embodiment, so that they can be connected to each other on the shaft 4 in a completely similar manner. Figure 3 and Figure 4 In the figures, there are no reference numerals for mounting openings, but they can be identified from the figures based on the teachings of the first embodiment. Examples of applications in which a screening disc is used in place of the blade 5 according to the first embodiment, or in addition to the blade 5 according to the first embodiment, a screening disc is also used.

[0027] When it is desired to screen fine particles (such as particles only a few millimeters in size), the conventional fixed screen grooves 3 of the screen plates 2 with fixed block sizes result in the fact that the thickness of the rotating blades becomes so small that locking may no longer function due to the actual gap and deflection when divided into two parts in this way. The solution to this is to increase the distance between the fixed screen plates 2 and form a rotating “screen line” between the screen plates by screen discs 50, in this case formed by elliptical discs. In this case, the major and minor axes of the elliptical discs, which are in the same position around adjacent axes and divided into two parts, are at a 90-degree angle to each other. When the axes rotate synchronously relative to each other in the same direction, the rotating elliptical screen discs form a moving “screen” in the screen grooves 3 of the fixed screen plates 2, and the locking of the blades is performed by a joint that locks around the axis 4, as already explained. If the thickness S of these elliptical screen discs 50, or i.e., the width in the axial direction, is, for example, 10 mm and the desired screen size is 5 mm, then the distance between the fixed screens (screen plates 2) will be at least 20 mm + rotational gap (as shown above). In this case, the width of the locking surface can be implemented in a circular form around the axis 4, or it can be implemented as a segmented adapter 10 that is part of the screening disc 50. Here, the adapter 10 is in the form of a flanged shoulder. The diameter D of the flanged shoulder 10 is large enough to provide axial locking of the blade elements 50a, 50b of the screening disc 50 between the fixed screening plates 2. A diameter D that is a few millimeters larger than the minimum diameter d of the fixed screen around the axis 4 is usually sufficient. The dimensions described above are merely examples of possible dimensions. They can be, for example, other things depending on the desired particle size and taking into account the robustness of the arrangement.

[0028] The sides of these oval discs may also be provided with protrusions, which help to keep the screen grooves 3 or gaps of the screen plate 2 clean and improve the movement of materials on the screen surface.

[0029] The filter disk 50 can also be designed with locking features so that only one similar filter disk 50 can be used on each side by mirroring the lock on the other side (locking design). This reduces the need for consumable parts, as the same part mates with both halves.

[0030] Generally, the sieve trough 3 is formed by the sieve plate 2 and therefore by the rear surface 2b and the front surface of the sieve plate 2, that is, the sieve surface 2a is located on opposite sides of each other on a plane passing through the center line of the shaft 4, as shown, for example, in accordance with Figure 3 As shown in the embodiment. This ensures that the supporting portion of the sidewall 2c forming the screening plate 2 extends sufficiently beyond (relative to the screen surface 2a) such that the two blade elements 5a, 5b, 50a, 50b always have sufficient support formed by the screen plate 2A in the longitudinal direction A of the shaft 4 to produce the aforementioned longitudinal locking of the shaft 4.

[0031] However, it must be noted that the shaft groove of the sieve plate 2 (in which the shaft 4 is fitted) is large enough or shaped to allow the sieve plate 2 to be removed from the shaft without removing one or more shafts 4.

Claims

1. A blade arrangement for screening, crushing, or mixing heavy equipment, comprising a plurality of screen plates (2), one or more non-circular rotatable shafts (4), and a power transmission member for rotating said shafts, said plurality of screen plates (2) being spaced apart from each other and forming screen surfaces provided with screen grooves (3), wherein, A plurality of replaceable blades (5, 50) that are freely movable in the longitudinal direction (A) of the shaft are directly mounted on the shaft. The blades (5, 50) extend outward from the shaft (4) through a sieve groove (3) in the radial direction of the shaft (4). The blades (5, 50) have non-circular mounting holes (8) that substantially correspond to the cross-section of the shaft. The blades (5, 50) are characterized in that they are formed by two spaced-apart blade elements (5a, 5b; 50a, 50b), wherein the first blade element (5a; 50a) and the second blade element (5b, 50b) of the blade (5) include corresponding mounting openings (6a, 6b) that open outward in the radial direction of the mounting hole (8). The first blade element (5a; 50a) is sized such that when mounted, it can... The first blade element (5a, 50a) can be brought to a desired position on the shaft (4) through the mounting opening (6a) of the first blade element (5a, 50a), and the second blade element (5b; 50b) can be brought to the shaft (4) from the opposite direction to the first blade element (5a; 50a) through the mounting opening (6b) of the second blade element (5b; 50b), adjacent to the first blade element (5a; 50a), the first blade element (5a) and the second blade element (5b) can be aligned with each other in the longitudinal direction of the shaft (4) by the longitudinal movement of the shaft (4), and the edge of the mounting opening (6a, 6b) includes a locking design (6a', 6b') forming a lock between the mounted first blade element (5a; 50a) and the second blade element (5b; 50b) mounted in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction of the shaft (4).

2. The arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blade component (5a') of the blade (5) is only present in the first element (5a), and the blade component (5a') extends outward from the axial direction through the screen groove (3) in the radial direction of the shaft (4).

3. The arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blade component (5a') of the blade (5) is present in two blade elements (50a, 50b), and the blade component (5a') extends outward from the axial direction of the shaft (4) through the screen groove (3).

4. The arrangement according to claim 3, characterized in that, The blades (5) form a screening disc.

5. The arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The sieve plate (2) can be fixed in place on both sides of the blade (5), thereby locking the blade elements (5a, 5b) in place in the longitudinal direction (A) of the shaft (4).

6. The arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The design of the outer surface of the shaft (4) and the corresponding design of the inner surface (8a) of the mounting hole (8) enable the blade (5) to be positioned at different angular positions relative to the shaft (4) along the circumference of the shaft (4).

7. The arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The arrangement includes an adapter (10) mounted on the shaft (4) between the blades (5), the adapter having corresponding discontinuous mounting holes (8) in the circumferential direction.

8. The arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The screening, crushing, or mixing blades are arranged in the bucket of the heavy equipment.

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