Silver-based fiber antibacterial air filter material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of air purification materials, and particularly relates to a silver-based fiber antibacterial air filter material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation raw materials of the silver-based fiber antibacterial air filter material are of an integrated structure formed by hot pressing of the fiber antibacterial layer and the filter layer. Wherein the fiber antibacterial layer selects an inorganic antibacterial agent with high antibacterial activity and good safety as a target material, the antibacterial agent is successfully plated on the surface of the fiber through a magnetron sputtering process, and then the silver-based composite fiber fabric is obtained through spinning; the filtering layer is prepared by filling a porous filtering material between two layers of polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabrics and carrying out hot pressing on the porous filtering material. The finally obtained silver-based fiber antibacterial air filter material not only has excellent filtering efficiency and low air resistance, but also has long-acting and excellent antibacterial and antiviral functional properties and the like.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of air purification materials, and particularly relates to a silver-based fiber antibacterial air filter material and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Air pollution not only poses a risk to public health, but also seriously hinders the sustainable development of society. Air filtration materials have shown great application potential due to their ability to effectively remove particulate matter and have attracted widespread attention. As people's health awareness increases, air purification facilities (such as filter materials) with antibacterial, mildew-resistant and odor-resistant functions are increasingly favored by consumers. The core component of the purification facility is the filter material, which is usually made of polypropylene (PP) non-woven fabric. However, after long-term use, a large amount of dust, bacteria and viruses will deposit on the surface of the filter material, causing a decrease in its filtering capacity and bacterial contamination.

[0003] Currently, inorganic antibacterial agents (Ag, TiO2 and ZnO, etc.) are deposited on cotton, polyester fiber, polypropylene fiber, nylon fiber, polypropylene, polylactic acid and other fibers using magnetron sputtering technology to prepare antibacterial composite fibers, which has the characteristics of simple and controllable operation, dense and uniform coating, strong adhesion between coating and substrate and suitability for large-scale production. Antibacterial fabrics are prepared based on antibacterial fibers, and are combined with polypropylene non-woven fabric to obtain new filter materials with both filtering and antibacterial properties.

[0004] Patent No. CN111074372A introduces an antibacterial polyester fiber and a preparation method thereof. The antibacterial agent is blended with polyester chips before melt spinning to obtain the antibacterial polyester fiber. This method may cause uneven distribution of the antibacterial agent in the fiber, and the process is complex, which is not conducive to large-scale production of antibacterial polyester fiber.

[0005] Patent No. CN115538005A introduces a processing method of a sun-resistant fabric with antibacterial properties, which has the advantages of good antibacterial and sun-resistant properties and solves the problems of poor antibacterial and sun-resistant properties of the fabric. The Ag and TiO2 antibacterial agents are loaded on the nano-carbon fiber / polyester fiber gray fabric by chemical plating to form an antibacterial fabric, but this method may cause uneven distribution of the Ag and TiO2 antibacterial agents and poor adhesion between the antibacterial agents and the substrate, and the antibacterial properties of the fabric may gradually decrease during long-term use.

[0006] Therefore, it is of great significance to develop an air filter material with long-term antibacterial and antiviral properties and long-term filtering effect. SUMMARY

[0007] The purpose of the present application is to provide a silver-based fiber antibacterial air filter material, which not only has excellent filtering efficiency and low air resistance, but also has long-term and excellent antibacterial, antiviral and other functional properties.

[0008] The silver-based fiber antibacterial air filter material comprises a fiber antibacterial layer and a filter layer.

[0009] Preferably, the fiber antibacterial layer is a silver-based composite fiber fabric.

[0010] Preferably, the filter layer is a porous adsorption material loaded non-woven fabric.

[0011] The preparation method of the silver-based composite fiber comprises the following steps:

[0012] A1, fiber coating sputtering: after cleaning the fiber, place it on the unwinder and winding machine in the vacuum sputtering chamber, and then use TiO2-Ce, Ag and ZnO target materials to magnetron sputtering coating on the polyester fiber, to obtain the coated fiber;

[0013] A2, spinning forming: spinning the coated fiber to form a silver-based composite fiber fabric.

[0014] Preferably, the fiber comprises any one of cotton, polyester fiber, polypropylene fiber, nylon fiber, polypropylene and polylactic acid.

[0015] Preferably, the fiber fineness is 4-6 dtex.

[0016] Preferably, in step A1, the specific conditions for cleaning the fiber are: nitrogen and argon are used for blowing in turn.

[0017] Preferably, the conditions for nitrogen and argon blowing are independently: the pressure is 0.1-0.3 MPa, and the time is 1-3 min.

[0018] Preferably, the purity of the Ag, TiO2-Ce and ZnO target materials is all ≥ 99.99%.

[0019] The preparation method of the TiO2-Ce target material is: mixing TiO2 and Ce powders and then pressing.

[0020] The mass ratio of the TiO2 and Ce powders is (5-20):1.

[0021] Preferably, the magnetron sputtering coating conditions are: direct current voltage, voltage is 0.1-5 kV, and sputtering time is 1-5 min.

[0022] Preferably, the magnetron sputtering coating conditions of the Ag, TiO2-Ce and ZnO target materials are independent.

[0023] The schematic diagram of magnetron sputtering coating of the present application is shown in Figure 1 ; the schematic diagram of the fiber after magnetron sputtering is shown in Figure 2 .

[0024] By the magnetron sputtering technology and controlling the magnetron sputtering conditions, the TiO2-Ce / Ag / ZnO can be uniformly plated on the surface of the fiber, thereby improving the long-acting antibacterial property of the air filter material. This may be because the antibacterial material can be well wrapped on the surface of the base fiber to form a dense coating by using the magnetron sputtering evaporation preparation method, thereby solving the problems of uneven distribution and poor bonding of the antibacterial agent, and the antibacterial material has good spinnability, and the antibacterial material wrapped fiber forms a skin-core structure, which is firmly combined and uniformly distributed and not easy to fall off, thereby realizing the permanent combination of the antibacterial material and the base material and ensuring the antibacterial effect and long-acting antibacterial property of the filter material.

[0025] By selecting TiO2-Ce, Ag and ZnO target as the antibacterial material for magnetron sputtering, the antibacterial effect of the air filter material can be improved, and the long-acting stability of the antibacterial effect can also be improved. This may be because the antibacterial composite fiber with the structure of oxide / metal / oxide / substrate is constructed by the magnetron sputtering plating method, and the specific structure is TiO2-Ce / Ag / ZnO. This structure can effectively avoid the oxidation of Ag, ensure the conductivity of the fiber, thereby reducing the electrostatic adsorption effect of dust or bacteria; at the same time, the rare earth element Ce as the dopant of TiO2 can improve the visible light catalytic activity, enhance the photocatalytic sterilization ability, inhibit the photoelectron-hole recombination of TiO2, and prolong the antibacterial action time; the ZnO layer has good antibacterial broad-spectrum and ultraviolet shielding properties, and can improve the weather resistance of the filter material.

[0026] Preferably, the specific operation of step A2 is that the plated fiber is spun into a silver-based composite fiber fabric by using a "long filament interweaving" method using a loom.

[0027] Preferably, the preparation method of the porous adsorption material loaded non-woven fabric comprises the following steps: filling the porous adsorption material between the polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric and hot-pressing to obtain the porous adsorption material loaded non-woven fabric.

[0028] The filter layer is a porous adsorption material loaded non-woven fabric, and the "non-woven fabric / porous adsorption material / non-woven fabric" sandwich structure is adopted, the porous adsorption material is laid on the non-woven fabric respectively, and the filter layer is obtained by hot-pressing, thereby improving the dust holding capacity, reducing the pressure drop and prolonging the service life.

[0029] Preferably, the specific conditions of the hot-pressing are that the hot-pressing temperature is 80-140℃, and the hot-pressing time is 1-5min.

[0030] Preferably, the width of the polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric is 30-100cm.

[0031] Preferably, the porous adsorption material comprises one or both of modified graphene oxide and activated carbon; further preferably, the porous adsorption material comprises modified graphene oxide and activated carbon.

[0032] Preferably, the mass ratio of the modified graphene oxide and the activated carbon is 1:(10-30).

[0033] Preferably, the modified graphene oxide is graphene oxide loaded with nano-silver, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: dispersing graphene oxide in a silver nitrate solution, reacting at 60-80℃ for 2-4h by a solution reaction method, filtering, and drying to obtain the graphene oxide loaded with nano-silver.

[0034] Preferably, the mass ratio of the graphene oxide and the silver nitrate in the silver nitrate solution is (1-5):1.

[0035] Preferably, the particle size of the graphene oxide is 10-400 mesh.

[0036] Preferably, the particle size of the activated carbon is 10-400 mesh.

[0037] Preferably, the carbon loading amount (the mass percentage of the porous adsorption material on the non-woven fabric) of the filter layer is 5%-50%. Wherein, M is the mass of the treated non-woven fabric, and m is the mass of the non-woven fabric before treatment.

[0038] Preferably, the specific conditions of the hot pressing are that the hot pressing temperature is 80-140℃, and the hot pressing time is 1-5min.

[0039] The preparation method of the silver-based fiber antibacterial air filter material comprises the following steps: combining the fiber antibacterial layer and the filter layer by hot pressing to obtain the silver-based fiber antibacterial air filter material.

[0040] Preferably, the specific conditions of the hot pressing combination are that the hot pressing temperature is 80-140℃, and the hot pressing time is 1-5min.

[0041] The structure diagram of the silver-based fiber antibacterial air filter material is shown in Figure 3 .

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0043] 1. The silver-based fiber antibacterial air filter material prepared by the present application is composed of a fiber antibacterial layer and a filter layer, and has excellent filtering efficiency and low air resistance, and also has long-acting and excellent antibacterial, antiviral and other functional properties.

[0044] 2. The fiber antibacterial layer prepared by the magnetron sputtering evaporation in the present application has the antibacterial material well wrapped on the surface of the substrate fiber, and has good spinnability, forms a skin-core structure, has firm combination, and is evenly distributed and not easy to fall off, can realize permanent combination of the antibacterial material and the substrate, ensures the long-acting antibacterial and antiviral properties of the filter material, and has physical antibacterial property, safety and effectiveness.

[0045] 3、The fiber antibacterial layer of the application is prepared by magnetron sputtering evaporation, the antibacterial material on the fiber surface can be well dispersed, the antibacterial layer formed by the antibacterial fiber textile can form a complete conductive path, so that the surface has a certain conductive capacity, the electrostatic adsorption of solid dust particles in the filter material can be reduced, the retention of dust, bacteria, viruses and other small pollutants on the surface of the filter material is avoided, the attenuation of the filtering performance and antibacterial performance of the filter material is avoided, and the long-term stable use of the filter material is ensured.

[0046] 4、The graphene oxide loaded with nano-silver is used to blend and modify the activated carbon, so that the adsorption performance of the material can be improved, and the nano-silver also endows the adsorption material with certain antibacterial capacity.

[0047] 5、The filter layer of the application adopts the sandwich structure of 'non-woven fabric / adsorption material / non-woven fabric', the adsorption material is laid on the non-woven fabric, and then the filter layer is prepared by hot pressing, so that the dust capacity is improved, the pressure drop is reduced, and the service life is prolonged. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0048] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description will be briefly introduced as follows.

[0049] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the magnetron sputtering film of the application, in which: 1-vacuum sputtering cavity; 2-target material; 3-power supply system; 4-argon; 5-unwinder; 6-fiber; 7-winder.

[0050] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the fiber after magnetron sputtering of the application.

[0051] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the silver-based fiber antibacterial air filter material, in which: 1-polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric; 2-porous adsorption material; 3-polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric; 4-silver-based composite fiber fabric. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be clearly and completely described below, obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor belong to the protection scope of the application.

[0053] The raw materials used in the application are all commercially available, specifically:

[0054] The polyester fiber has a fineness of 4-6 dtex and comes from Xiamen Xianglu Chemical Fiber Co., Ltd.

[0055] Ag, Ce, TiO2 and ZnO targets, purity ≥ 99.999%, from Beijing Ruili Gaosike Technology Co., Ltd.

[0056] Polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric, width 30 cm, fiber diameter: 0.5-1.0 μm, from Hunan Shengjin New Material Co., Ltd.

[0057] Activated carbon, particle size 200 mesh, from Chongqing Quantu Activated Carbon Co., Ltd.

[0058] Graphene oxide, particle size 300 mesh, from Chongqing Quantu Activated Carbon Co., Ltd.

[0059] Example 1

[0060] The embodiment provides a silver-based fiber antibacterial air filter material, comprising a fiber antibacterial layer and a filter layer.

[0061] The fiber antibacterial layer is a silver-based composite fiber fabric.

[0062] The filter layer is a porous adsorbent material loaded non-woven fabric.

[0063] The preparation method of the silver-based composite fiber comprises the following steps:

[0064] A1, fiber coating sputtering: after cleaning the fiber, place it on the unwinder and winding machine in the vacuum sputtering chamber, and use TiO2-Ce, Ag and ZnO targets to magnetron sputter the polyester fiber in sequence to obtain the coated fiber, see Figure 1 ;

[0065] A2, spinning forming: spinning the coated fiber to form a silver-based composite fiber fabric.

[0066] The fiber is a polyester fiber.

[0067] In step A1, the specific conditions for cleaning the fiber are: nitrogen and argon are used for blowing in sequence.

[0068] The conditions for blowing nitrogen and argon are independently: the pressure is 0.3 MPa, and the time is 3 min.

[0069] The conditions for magnetron sputtering coating of the TiO2-Ce target are: direct current voltage, voltage 3 kV, and sputtering time 3 min.

[0070] The preparation method of the TiO2-Ce target is: TiO2 and Ce powders are mixed and then pressed.

[0071] The mass ratio of the TiO2 and Ce powders is 10:1.

[0072] The magnetron sputtering plating condition of the Ag target material is: direct current voltage, 3kV, and sputtering time, 3min.

[0073] The magnetron sputtering plating condition of the ZnO target material is: direct current voltage, 3kV, and sputtering time, 3min.

[0074] The specific operation of the step A2 is: the plated fiber is woven into a silver-based composite fiber fabric by using a long filament interweaving method.

[0075] The preparation method of the porous adsorption material loaded non-woven fabric is: filling the porous adsorption material into the polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric and performing heat pressing to obtain the same.

[0076] The porous adsorption material is modified graphene oxide and activated carbon, and the mass ratio is 1:20.

[0077] The modified graphene oxide is graphene oxide loaded with nano-silver, and the preparation method thereof is: dispersing the graphene oxide in a silver nitrate solution, reacting at 70℃ for 3h by a solution reaction method, filtering, and drying to obtain the same.

[0078] The mass ratio of the graphene oxide to the silver nitrate in the silver nitrate solution is 3:1.

[0079] The width of the polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric is 30cm.

[0080] The carbon loading amount of the filter layer is 30%.

[0081] Preferably, the specific condition of the heat pressing is: heat pressing temperature, 120℃, and heat pressing time, 3min.

[0082] The preparation method of the silver-based fiber antibacterial air filter material comprises the following steps: combining the fiber antibacterial layer and the filter layer by heat pressing to obtain the same.

[0083] The specific condition of the heat pressing is: heat pressing temperature, 120℃, and heat pressing time, 3min.

[0084] Comparative Example 1

[0085] The difference between the present comparative example and Example 1 is that the air filter material is two layers of polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric, which is prepared by heat pressing. The specific condition of the heat pressing is: heat pressing temperature, 120℃, and heat pressing time, 3min.

[0086] Comparative Example 2

[0087] The difference between the present comparative example and Example 1 is that the preparation method of the silver-based composite fiber is:

[0088] A1, Fiber coating sputtering: after cleaning the fiber, place it on the unwinder and winder in the vacuum sputtering chamber, and use TiO2, Ag and ZnO target materials in turn to perform magnetron sputtering coating on the polyester fiber, to obtain the coated fiber, see Figure 1 .

[0089] Comparative Example 3

[0090] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is the preparation method of the silver-based composite fiber, which comprises the following steps:

[0091] A1, Fiber coating sputtering: after cleaning the fiber, place it on the unwinder and winder in the vacuum sputtering chamber, and use TiO2-Ce, Ag target materials in turn to perform magnetron sputtering coating on the polyester fiber, to obtain the coated fiber.

[0092] Comparative Example 4

[0093] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is the preparation method of the silver-based composite fiber, which comprises the following steps:

[0094] A1, Fiber coating sputtering: after cleaning the fiber, place it on the unwinder and winder in the vacuum sputtering chamber, and use TiO2-Ce, ZnO target materials in turn to perform magnetron sputtering coating on the polyester fiber, to obtain the coated fiber.

[0095] Comparative Example 5

[0096] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the porous adsorbent material is modified graphene oxide.

[0097] Comparative Example 6

[0098] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the porous adsorbent material is activated carbon.

[0099] Comparative Example 7

[0100] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the porous adsorbent material is graphene oxide and activated carbon.

[0101] Performance test

[0102] 1. Bacterial removal performance test:

[0103] 2h bacterial removal rate: the silver-based antibacterial fiber prepared in the present application is subjected to a bacterial removal test, which is carried out in accordance with the standard GB / T20944.3-2008, and a 10 5 -10 6 CFU / m 3The air with bacteria is tested, the fan is turned on to make the air in the cabin fully contact with the silver-based antibacterial fiber, the bacteria content in the cabin is detected after 2h, the bacteria removal rate is calculated, and the antibacterial (bacteria removal) rate = [(initial bacteria number of the test group - natural mortality - bacteria number at the end of the test group) ÷ (initial bacteria number of the test group - natural mortality)] × 100%. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0104] Table 1 determination results

[0105]

[0106] As shown in Table 1, the silver-based fiber antibacterial air filter material prepared in Example 1 of the present application has high bacteria removal rates for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, indicating that it has excellent bacteria removal performance.

[0107] 2. Filter material filtration efficiency test:

[0108] The filtration efficiency tester is used for testing, and the specific testing mechanism is as follows: 100cm 2 Area of filter material is tested, the flow rate is 85L / min, and the test time is 30s. Non-oily particles with diameters of 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5 and 10μm are tested respectively. The average value of three parallel experiments is taken. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0109] Table 2

[0110]

[0111] As shown in Table 2, the silver-based fiber antibacterial air filter material prepared in Example 1 of the present application still has excellent filtration efficiency for particles with nanoscale diameters.

[0112] The above is the preferred embodiment of the present application, and it should be noted that for ordinary skilled persons in the technical field, some improvements and refinements can be made without departing from the principles of the present application, and these improvements and refinements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A silver-based fibrous antibacterial air filter material, characterized by, The fiber antibacterial layer and the filter layer are combined by ultrasonic wave. The fiber antibacterial layer is a silver-based composite fiber fabric. The filter layer is a porous adsorption material loaded non-woven fabric. The preparation method of the silver-based composite fiber comprises the following steps: A1, fiber coating sputtering: after cleaning the fiber, place it on the unwinder and winding machine in the vacuum sputtering chamber, and use TiO2-Ce, Ag and ZnO target materials to perform magnetron sputtering coating on the terylene fiber in sequence to obtain the coated fiber; A2, textile forming: textile the coated fiber to form a silver-based composite fiber fabric.

2. The silver-based fibrous air filter according to claim 1, wherein The fiber includes any one of cotton, terylene fiber, polypropylene fiber, nylon fiber, polypropylene and polylactic acid.

3. The silver-based fibrous air filter according to claim 2, wherein The fiber fineness is 4-6 dtex.

4. The silver-based fibrous air filter according to claim 1, wherein The magnetron sputtering coating conditions are: direct current voltage, voltage 0.1-5 kV, sputtering time 1-5 min.

5. The silver-based fibrous air filter according to claim 1, wherein The preparation method of the porous adsorption material loaded non-woven fabric comprises the following steps: filling the porous adsorption material between the two layers of polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric and hot pressing to obtain the porous adsorption material loaded non-woven fabric.

6. The silver-based fibrous air filter according to claim 5, wherein The porous adsorption material includes one or both of modified graphene oxide and activated carbon.

7. The silver-based fibrous air filter according to claim 5, wherein The specific conditions of the hot pressing are: hot pressing temperature 80-140℃, hot pressing time 1-5 min.

8. The silver-based fibrous air filter according to claim 5, wherein The width of the polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric is 30-100 cm.

9. A method for producing the silver-based fibrous air filter according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by, The fiber antibacterial layer and the filter layer are combined by ultrasonic wave.

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