An ultraviolet-to-mid-infrared transmission-oriented ultra-wideband heterogeneous five-core anti-resonant optical fiber

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of ultraviolet to mid-infrared transmission-oriented ultra-wideband heterogeneous five-core anti-resonant optical fiber, belong to optical fiber communication technical field.The heterogeneous five-core anti-resonant optical fiber of the application includes perfect matching layer, outer cladding in turn from outside to inside along fiber diameter, and first light guide unit, second light guide unit, third light guide unit, fourth light guide unit and fifth light guide unit arranged in outer cladding.Each light guide unit is equidistantly provided with a plurality of structure same or different nested tube assemblies and gap tube assemblies in circumference, and these assemblies are combined to form central air core area, left upper air core area, right lower air core area, right upper air core area and left lower air core area, which work in 0.15~2.0µm, 2.0~3.0µm, 3.0~4.0µm, 4.0~6.0µm and 6.0~7.0µm wave band, respectively, and exhibit extremely low restrictive loss, nearly zero dispersion and low nonlinear coefficient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of optical fiber communication technology, specifically an ultra-wideband heterogeneous five-core anti-resonant optical fiber for ultraviolet to mid-infrared transmission. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of integrated circuit manufacturing technology, photolithography, as a core component of micro-nano fabrication, places higher demands on the wavelength of light sources and the performance of optical transmission systems. Light sources of different wavelengths have their own advantages and applications in photolithography, communication, and precision optics, driving the continuous progress of multi-band optical systems and fiber optic transmission technology.

[0003] In ultraviolet lithography, current mainstream lithography machines mostly employ light sources such as near-ultraviolet (365 nm), deep ultraviolet (248 nm), vacuum ultraviolet (193 nm, 157 nm, 134 nm, 126 nm), and extreme ultraviolet (13.5 nm). Due to its high resolution characteristics resulting from its short wavelength, ultraviolet lithography is an important means of realizing submicron and even nanoscale structure fabrication.

[0004] Visible light is widely used in precision measurement, microscopic imaging, and visible light communication (VLC). Visible light communication offers advantages such as high bandwidth, strong security, and resistance to electromagnetic interference, making it an important development direction for next-generation short-range, high-speed communication.

[0005] Near-infrared, short-wave infrared, and mid-infrared bands have wide applications in coherence tomography (OCT), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) monitoring, biomolecular spectral analysis, and ultrafast laser processing. Meanwhile, near-infrared and mid-infrared optical communication offers advantages of low attenuation and high bandwidth in atmospheric window regions, and has been extensively studied for use in free-space communication (FSO) and infrared wavelength division multiplexing systems.

[0006] Currently, hollow-core antiresonant fiber is considered an important solution for ultraviolet to mid-infrared light transmission due to its low nonlinearity, near-zero dispersion, and low loss. However, existing research mainly focuses on single-core or dual-core structures, with limited research on multi-core and composite structures. Furthermore, optimization is typically limited to specific wavelength bands, making it difficult to achieve efficient broadband transmission from ultraviolet to mid-infrared. Therefore, developing a composite hollow-core antiresonant fiber capable of low-loss, high-stability, ultra-wideband transmission in the 0.15–7.0 µm wavelength range is of great significance, as it can simultaneously meet the multi-band transmission requirements of applications such as photolithography, communication, and precision optical systems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of this invention is to provide an ultra-wideband heterogeneous five-core anti-resonant optical fiber for ultraviolet to mid-infrared transmission, which achieves ultra-low confining loss, near-zero dispersion, and low nonlinear coefficient in the ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared, short-wave infrared and mid-infrared bands, which is beneficial for realizing long-distance transmission and improving transmission quality.

[0008] Technical solution: To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0009] An ultrawideband heterogeneous five-core antiresonant optical fiber for ultraviolet to mid-infrared transmission comprises, from the outside to the inside along the fiber diameter, a perfectly matched layer, an outer cladding layer, and first to fifth light-guiding units arranged within the outer cladding layer, wherein:

[0010] The first light guide unit has multiple first nested tube assemblies and second nested tube assemblies arranged equidistantly along the circumference, which together form the central air core area. The first nested tube assembly is composed of a first type of large circular cladding tube, a first type of elliptical cladding tube, and a first type of small circular cladding tube. The second nested tube assembly is composed of a second type of large elliptical arc cladding tube, a second type of small elliptical arc cladding tube, a second type of circular arc cladding tube, and a second type of circular cladding tube.

[0011] The second light guide unit has multiple third nested tube assemblies and first gap tube assemblies arranged equidistantly along the circumference, which together form the upper left air core area. The third nested tube assembly is composed of a third type of large circular cladding tube, a third type of elliptical cladding tube and a third type of small circular cladding tube, and the first gap tube assembly is composed of a fourth type of circular cladding tube.

[0012] The third light guide unit has multiple fourth nested tube assemblies and second gap tube assemblies arranged equidistantly along the circumference, which together form the lower right air core area. The fourth nested tube assembly is composed of a fifth type of large circular cladding tube, a fifth type of medium circular cladding tube, and a fifth type of small circular cladding tube. The second gap tube assembly is composed of a sixth type of circular cladding tube.

[0013] The fourth light guide unit has multiple fifth nested tube assemblies arranged equidistantly along the circumference, which together form the upper right air core area. The fifth nested tube assembly is composed of a seventh type of circular cladding tube, a seventh type of elliptical cladding tube, and a seventh type of arc cladding tube.

[0014] The fifth light guide unit has multiple sixth nested tube assemblies arranged equidistantly along the circumference, which together form the lower left air core area. The sixth nested tube assembly is composed of an eighth type of circular cladding tube, an eighth type of elliptical arc cladding tube, and an eighth type of arc cladding tube.

[0015] Preferably, the first nested tube assembly, from the outside in, sequentially includes a first type of large circular cladding tube, a first type of elliptical cladding tube, and a first type of small circular cladding tube, all of which are tangent to the outer cladding layer and fused to it; the second nested tube assembly, from the outside in, sequentially includes a second type of large elliptical arc cladding tube, a second type of small elliptical arc cladding tube, a second type of circular arc cladding tube, and a second type of circular cladding tube, all of which are fused to the outer cladding layer, and the second type of circular cladding tube is tangent to and fused to the outer cladding layer;

[0016] The third nested tube assembly, from the outside in, includes a third type of large circular cladding tube, a third type of elliptical cladding tube, and a third type of small circular cladding tube. The first gap tube assembly includes a fourth type of circular cladding tube, all of which are tangent to the outer cladding layer and fused to it. The fourth nested tube assembly, from the outside in, includes a fifth type of large circular cladding tube, a fifth type of medium circular cladding tube, and a fifth type of small circular cladding tube. The second gap tube assembly includes a sixth type of circular cladding tube, all of which are tangent to the outer cladding layer and fused to it.

[0017] The fifth nested tube assembly, from the outside in, sequentially includes a seventh type of circular cladding tube, a seventh type of elliptical cladding tube, and a seventh type of arc-shaped cladding tube. The seventh type of circular cladding tube is tangent to the outer cladding layer and fused to it. The seventh type of elliptical cladding tube is connected to the seventh type of arc-shaped cladding tube, and the seventh type of arc-shaped cladding tube is connected to the seventh type of circular cladding tube. The sixth nested tube assembly, from the outside in, sequentially includes an eighth type of circular cladding tube, an eighth type of elliptical arc-shaped cladding tube, and an eighth type of arc-shaped cladding tube. The eighth type of circular cladding tube is tangent to the outer cladding layer and fused to it. The eighth type of elliptical arc-shaped cladding tube is connected to the eighth type of arc-shaped cladding tube, and the eighth type of arc-shaped cladding tube is connected to the eighth type of circular cladding tube.

[0018] Preferably, the central air fiber core region, the upper left air fiber core region, the lower right air fiber core region, the upper right air fiber core region, and the lower left air fiber core region operate in the 0.15 ~ 2.0 µm, 2.0 ~ 3.0 µm, 3.0 ~ 4.0 µm, 4.0 ~ 6.0 µm, and 6.0 ~ 7.0 µm bands, respectively, and are centrally symmetrically distributed.

[0019] Preferably, the thickness of the perfect matching layer is 8 to 12 µm, the radius of the outer cladding layer is 480 to 500 µm, the radius of the first light guide unit is 90 to 110 µm, the radius of the second light guide unit is 130 to 150 µm, the radius of the third light guide unit is 135 to 155 µm, the radius of the fourth light guide unit is 140 to 160 µm, and the radius of the fifth light guide unit is 150 to 170 µm.

[0020] Preferably, in the first light guide unit, the first nested tube assembly and the second nested tube assembly are symmetrically distributed in a C4 configuration and do not contact each other; in the second light guide unit, the third nested tube assembly and the first gap tube assembly are both symmetrically distributed in a C6 configuration and do not contact each other; in the third light guide unit, the fourth nested tube assembly and the second gap tube assembly are both symmetrically distributed in a C6 configuration and do not contact each other; in the fourth light guide unit, the fifth nested tube assembly is symmetrically distributed in a C6 configuration and does not contact each other; in the fifth light guide unit, the sixth nested tube assembly is symmetrically distributed in a C6 configuration and does not contact each other.

[0021] Preferably, in the first light guiding unit, the radius of the first type of large circular cladding tube is 43-45 µm, the radius of the major axis of the first type of elliptical cladding tube is 29-31 µm, the radius of the minor axis is 24-26 µm, and the radius of the first type of small circular cladding tube is 14-16 µm; in the first light guiding unit, the radius of the major axis of the second type of large elliptical arc cladding tube is 79-81 µm, the radius of the minor axis is 67-69 µm, the radius of the major axis of the second type of small elliptical arc cladding tube is 61-63 µm, the radius of the minor axis is 49-51 µm, the radius of the second type of arc cladding tube is 34-36 µm, and the radius of the second type of circular cladding tube is 11-13 µm;

[0022] In the second light guiding unit, the radius of the third type of large circular cladding tube is 41 ~ 43 µm, the radius of the major axis of the third type of elliptical cladding tube is 28 ~ 30 µm, the radius of the minor axis is 24 ~ 26 µm, the radius of the third type of small circular cladding tube is 13 ~ 15 µm, and the radius of the fourth type of circular cladding tube is 15 ~ 17 µm;

[0023] In the third light guiding unit, the radius of the fifth type large circular cladding tube is 44 ~ 46 µm, the radius of the fifth type medium circular cladding tube is 30 ~ 32 µm, the radius of the fifth type small circular cladding tube is 15 ~ 17 µm, and the radius of the sixth type circular cladding tube is 16 ~ 18 µm.

[0024] In the fourth light guiding unit, the radius of the seventh type of circular cladding tube is 46 ~ 48 µm, the radius of the major axis of the seventh type of elliptical cladding tube is 34 ~ 36 µm, the radius of the minor axis is 24 ~ 26 µm, and the radius of the seventh type of arc-shaped cladding tube is 48 ~ 50 µm.

[0025] In the fifth light guiding unit, the radius of the eighth type of circular cladding tube is 49 ~ 51 µm, the radius of the major axis of the eighth type of elliptical arc cladding tube is 37 ~ 39 µm, the radius of the minor axis is 27 ~ 29 µm, and the radius of the eighth type of arc cladding tube is 53 ~ 55 µm.

[0026] Preferably, each cladding tube in the first light guide unit is made of SiO2 material, and the refractive index of the SiO2 material is between 1.37 and 1.46.

[0027] Preferably, the perfect matching layer, the outer cladding layer, and each cladding tube in the second to fifth light guide units are made of As2S3 material, and the refractive index of the As2S3 material is between 2.37 and 2.46.

[0028] Preferably, the interiors of the first type of small circular and second type of circular cladding tubes in the first light guide unit and between the remaining cladding tubes, the interiors of the third type of small circular and fourth type of circular cladding tubes in the second light guide unit and between the remaining cladding tubes, the interiors of the fifth type of small circular and sixth type of circular cladding tubes in the third light guide unit and between the remaining cladding tubes, the spaces between the cladding tubes in the fourth light guide unit, the spaces between the cladding tubes in the fifth light guide unit, and the central air core area, upper left air core area, lower right air core area, upper right air core area, and lower left air core area are all filled with air.

[0029] Preferably, the wall thickness of each cladding tube in the first light guide unit is... All satisfy: ;in, The operating wavelength of the first light guide unit in the design. This indicates the refractive index of the SiO2 cladding material. Indicates the refractive index of air. It is the anti-resonance order;

[0030] The wall thickness of each cladding tube in the second to fifth light guide units All satisfy: ;in, The operating wavelengths of the second to fifth light guide units are specified. This indicates the refractive index of the As2S3 cladding material.

[0031] Beneficial effects: By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has at least the following significant effects:

[0032] The hollow-core antiresonant optical fiber provided by this invention consists of five heterogeneous hollow-core light guiding units. Through systematic optimization and innovative improvements in material selection, structural parameters, and the addition of gap tube components, the overall transmission performance and band coverage are significantly enhanced. The centrally symmetrical structural design takes into account both structural stability and mode distribution balance; at the same time, the heterogeneous five-core layout provides a natural multi-channel parallel expansion capability for optical communication and spectral measurement systems, enabling independent, low-crosstalk synchronous transmission of five signals, which is particularly suitable for complex optical applications such as high-density integration, array coupling, and multi-mode measurement.

[0033] Experimental results show that the heterogeneous five-core antiresonant fiber provided by this invention, while maintaining the characteristics of a hollow-core antiresonant fiber, achieves extremely low limiting loss across the ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared, short-wave infrared, and mid-infrared bands, with a maximum loss of only 1.83 × 10⁻⁶. -6 It exhibits low nonlinearity coefficients, ranging from 0.09 to 2.28 (W·km), with a value of dB / m. -1 The dispersion varies within a certain range. Simultaneously, this optical fiber exhibits extremely low, near-zero dispersion characteristics, with a maximum dispersion of only 7.82 × 10⁻⁶. -12 ps / (nm·km). Furthermore, thanks to its ultra-wideband, low-loss transmission characteristics, this optical fiber has broad application prospects in high-power laser transmission, spectral analysis, environmental monitoring, biomedical imaging, infrared communication, and space remote sensing, providing a stable and reliable solution for ultra-wideband, high-performance optical transmission systems in the ultraviolet to mid-infrared bands. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the heterogeneous five-core anti-resonant optical fiber provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 These are the cross-sectional fundamental model diagram and three-dimensional height representation diagram of the central air core region provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 These are the cross-sectional fundamental model diagram and three-dimensional height representation diagram of the upper left air core region provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 These are the cross-sectional fundamental model diagram and three-dimensional height representation diagram of the lower right air core region provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0038] Figure 5 These are the cross-sectional fundamental model diagram and three-dimensional height representation diagram of the upper right air core region provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0039] Figure 6These are the cross-sectional fundamental model diagram and three-dimensional height representation diagram of the lower left air core region provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a graph showing the relationship between the fundamental mode confining loss of the heterogeneous five-core anti-resonant optical fiber and wavelength, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 8 This is a graph showing the relationship between the mode field area of ​​the fundamental mode of the heterogeneous five-core anti-resonant optical fiber and the wavelength, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 9 This is a graph showing the relationship between the fundamental mode nonlinear coefficient of the heterogeneous five-core anti-resonant optical fiber and wavelength, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 10 This is a graph showing the relationship between the fundamental mode dispersion of the heterogeneous five-core anti-resonant optical fiber and wavelength, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 1 In the middle: 1. Perfectly matched layer; 2. Outer cladding layer; 3. First light guide unit; 31. Central air core area; 32a. Type I small circular cladding tube; 32b. Type I elliptical cladding tube; 32c. Type I large circular cladding tube; 33a. Type II circular cladding tube; 33b. Type II arc-shaped cladding tube; 33c. Type II small elliptical arc-shaped cladding tube; 33d. Type II large elliptical arc-shaped cladding tube; 4. Second light guide unit; 41. Upper left air core area; 42. Type IV circular cladding tube; 43a. Type III small circular cladding tube; 43b. Type III elliptical cladding tube; 43c. Type III... 5. Large circular cladding tube; 6. Third light guide unit; 7. Lower right air core area; 8. Type 6 circular cladding tube; 9. Type 5 small circular cladding tube; 10. Type 5 medium circular cladding tube; 11. Type 5 large circular cladding tube; 2. Fourth light guide unit; 3. Upper right air core area; 4. Type 7 elliptical cladding tube; 5. Type 7 arc-shaped cladding tube; 6. Type 7 circular cladding tube; 7. Fifth light guide unit; 5. Lower left air core area; 6. Type 8 elliptical arc-shaped cladding tube; 7. Type 8 arc-shaped cladding tube; 7. Type 8 circular cladding tube. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0046] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0047] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "arrangement," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a direct connection, or a connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0048] Secondly, the term "an embodiment" or "embodiment" as used in this invention refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that can be included in at least one implementation of this invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that excludes other embodiments.

[0049] Please see Figure 1This invention provides an ultrawideband heterogeneous five-core anti-resonant optical fiber for ultraviolet to mid-infrared transmission, mainly used in the ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared, short-wave infrared to mid-infrared bands of 0.15 ~ 7.0 µm. Along the fiber diameter, from the outside to the inside, it includes a perfectly matched layer 1, an outer cladding layer 2, and a first light guiding unit 3, a second light guiding unit 4, a third light guiding unit 5, a fourth light guiding unit 6, and a fifth light guiding unit 7 arranged within the outer cladding layer 2. The first light guiding unit 3 includes a central air core region 31, the second light guiding unit 4 includes an upper left air core region 41, the third light guiding unit 5 includes a lower right air core region 51, the fourth light guiding unit 6 includes an upper right air core region 61, and the fifth light guiding unit 7 includes a lower left air core region 71. The first light guide unit 3 has multiple first nested tube assemblies and second nested tube assemblies equidistantly arranged along the circumferential direction inside, forming a central air core area 31. The first nested tube assembly consists of a first type of large circular cladding tube, a first type of elliptical cladding tube, and a first type of small circular cladding tube. The second nested tube assembly consists of a second type of large elliptical arc cladding tube, a second type of small elliptical arc cladding tube, a second type of arc cladding tube, and a second type of circular cladding tube. The second light guide unit 4 has multiple third nested tube assemblies and first gap tube assemblies equidistantly arranged along the circumferential direction inside, forming an upper left air core area 41. The third nested tube assembly consists of a third type of large circular cladding tube, a third type of elliptical cladding tube, and a third type of small circular cladding tube. The first gap tube assembly consists of a fourth type of circular cladding tube. The third light guide unit 5 has multiple third nested tube assemblies and first gap tube assemblies equidistantly arranged along the circumferential direction inside. The fourth light guide unit 6 has multiple fourth nested tube assemblies and second gap tube assemblies arranged at equal intervals along its circumference, forming the lower right air core area 51. The fourth nested tube assemblies are composed of fifth-type large circular cladding tubes, fifth-type medium circular cladding tubes, and fifth-type small circular cladding tubes. The gap tube assembly is composed of sixth-type circular cladding tubes. The fifth light guide unit 7 has multiple fifth nested tube assemblies with the same structure arranged at equal intervals along its circumference, forming the upper right air core area 61. The fifth nested tube assemblies are composed of seventh-type circular cladding tubes, seventh-type elliptical cladding tubes, and seventh-type arc-shaped cladding tubes. The fifth light guide unit 7 has multiple sixth nested tube assemblies with the same structure arranged at equal intervals along its circumference, forming the lower left air core area 71. The sixth nested tube assemblies are composed of eighth-type circular cladding tubes, eighth-type elliptical arc-shaped cladding tubes, and eighth-type arc-shaped cladding tubes.

[0050] In this embodiment, the radius of the outer cladding layer 2 is 480 ~ 500 µm. This outer cladding layer thickness design can minimize the optical field coupling of the central air core region 31, the upper left air core region 41, the lower right air core region 51, the upper right air core region 61, and the lower left air core region 71, thereby enabling them to operate stably in their respective independent wavelength bands.

[0051] In this embodiment, the central air fiber core region 31, the upper left air fiber core region 41, the lower right air fiber core region 51, the upper right air fiber core region 61, and the lower left air fiber core region 71 operate in the 0.15 ~ 2.0 µm, 2.0 ~ 3.0 µm, 3.0 ~ 4.0 µm, 4.0 ~ 6.0 µm, and 6.0 ~ 7.0 µm bands, respectively, and are centrally symmetrically distributed.

[0052] See Figure 2 In this embodiment, the first light guide unit 3 is provided with two types of nested tube assemblies with different structures at equal intervals along the circumference. These are the first nested tube assembly and the second nested tube assembly. Multiple first nested tube assemblies and second nested tube assemblies are symmetrically distributed in a C4 pattern to form the central air fiber core area 31. The first nested tube assembly includes, from the outside to the inside, a first type of large circular cladding tube 32c, a first type of elliptical cladding tube 32b, and a first type of small circular cladding tube 32a. All of these are tangent to the outer cladding layer 2 and are fused to the outer cladding layer 2. The second nested tube assembly, from the outside in, includes a second type of large elliptical arc-shaped cladding tube 33d, a second type of small elliptical arc-shaped cladding tube 33c, a second type of circular arc-shaped cladding tube 33b, and a second type of circular cladding tube 33a. The second type of large elliptical arc-shaped cladding tube 33d, the second type of small elliptical arc-shaped cladding tube 33c, and the second type of circular arc-shaped cladding tube 33b are all fused to the outer cladding layer 2. The second type of circular cladding tube 33a is tangent to the outer cladding layer 2 and is fused to it. It should be noted that the multiple first and second nested tube assemblies do not contact each other.

[0053] See Figure 3 In this embodiment, the second light guiding unit 4 is equipped with two types of nested tube assemblies and gap tube assemblies with different structures at equal intervals along the circumference. These are the third nested tube assembly and the first gap tube assembly. Multiple third nested tube assemblies and first gap tube assemblies are symmetrically distributed in a C6 pattern to form the upper left air core region 41. The third nested tube assembly includes, from the outside to the inside, a third type of large circular cladding tube 43c, a third type of elliptical cladding tube 43b, and a third type of small circular cladding tube 43a. The first gap tube assembly mainly includes a fourth type of circular cladding tube 42, all of which are tangent to the outer cladding layer 2 and fused to it. It should be noted that the multiple third nested tube assemblies and first gap tube assemblies do not contact each other.

[0054] See Figure 4In this embodiment, the third light guiding unit 5 is equipped with two types of nested tube assemblies and gap tube assemblies with different structures at equal intervals along the circumference. These are the fourth nested tube assembly and the second gap tube assembly, respectively. Multiple fourth nested tube assemblies and second gap tube assemblies are symmetrically distributed in a C6 pattern to enclose the lower right air core region 51. The fourth nested tube assembly, from the outside in, includes a fifth type of large circular cladding tube 53c, a fifth type of medium circular cladding tube 53b, and a fifth type of small circular cladding tube 53a. The second gap tube assembly mainly includes a sixth type of circular cladding tube 52, all of which are tangent to the outer cladding layer 2 and fused to it. It should be noted that the multiple fourth nested tube assemblies and second gap tube assemblies do not contact each other.

[0055] See Figure 5 In this embodiment, the fourth light guiding unit 6 has multiple identical fifth nested tube assemblies arranged equidistantly along the circumference. These fifth nested tube assemblies are symmetrically distributed in a C6 pattern, forming the upper right air core region 61. From the outside in, each fifth nested tube assembly includes a seventh-type circular cladding tube 62c, a seventh-type elliptical cladding tube 62a, and a seventh-type arc-shaped cladding tube 62b. The seventh-type circular cladding tube 62c is tangent to and fused to the outer cladding layer 2. The seventh-type elliptical cladding tube 62a is connected to the seventh-type arc-shaped cladding tube 62b, and the seventh-type arc-shaped cladding tube 62b is connected to the seventh-type circular cladding tube 62c. It should be noted that the multiple fifth nested tube assemblies do not contact each other.

[0056] See Figure 6 In this embodiment, the fifth light guiding unit 7 has multiple identical sixth nested tube assemblies arranged equidistantly along the circumference. These sixth nested tube assemblies are symmetrically distributed in a C6 pattern, forming the lower left air core region 71. From the outside in, each sixth nested tube assembly includes an eighth-type circular cladding tube 72c, an eighth-type elliptical arc-shaped cladding tube 72a, and an eighth-type arc-shaped cladding tube 72b. The eighth-type circular cladding tube 72c is tangent to and fused to the outer cladding layer 2. The eighth-type elliptical arc-shaped cladding tube 72a is connected to the eighth-type arc-shaped cladding tube 72b, and the eighth-type arc-shaped cladding tube 72b is connected to the eighth-type circular cladding tube 72c. It should be noted that the multiple sixth nested tube assemblies do not contact each other.

[0057] In this embodiment, the central air fiber core region 31, the upper left air fiber core region 41, the lower right air fiber core region 51, the upper right air fiber core region 61, and the lower left air fiber core region 71 are centrally symmetrically distributed. This symmetrical structural distribution minimizes the optical field coupling of the five air fiber core regions, allowing them to operate stably in their respective independent wavelength bands.

[0058] In the technical solution of this embodiment, a perfect matching layer 1 is provided on the outer side of the outer cladding layer 2, and the thickness of the perfect matching layer 1 is 8 ~ 12µm, which is used to eliminate the difference between optical fiber in model calculation and actual transmission.

[0059] It's important to note that the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) in optical fiber is a special dielectric layer. By setting a truncated boundary in the finite-difference time-domain region, the wave impedance of its medium is perfectly matched to that of the adjacent medium. This design allows incident waves to pass through the interface without reflection and enter the PML, thus achieving low-loss energy transmission. The introduction of the PML primarily addresses the discrepancy between the optical fiber model in the simulation environment and the actual optical fiber environment. By setting appropriate boundary conditions, the environmental differences between the two are effectively eliminated, making the simulation results closer to reality. The implementation principle of the PML is to set a boundary condition on the outside of the fiber cladding that is made of the same material as the cladding and has a matching wave impedance; therefore, it can be considered a non-reflective absorbing layer. When a beam of light enters the PML, it is not immediately reflected back but gradually attenuates until it is completely absorbed. This non-reflective characteristic makes the PML an ideal boundary condition in simulation analysis, especially when simulating large-mode-area optical fibers. The use of the perfectly matched PML can significantly improve the accuracy of the simulation results.

[0060] Regarding the technical solution of this embodiment, the radius of the first type of large circular cladding tube 32c is 43 ~ 45 µm, the radius of the major axis of the first type of elliptical cladding tube 32b is 29 ~ 31 µm, the radius of the minor axis is 24 ~ 26 µm, and the radius of the first type of small circular cladding tube 32a is 14 ~ 16 µm;

[0061] Furthermore, the major axis radius of the second type of large elliptical arc-shaped cladding tube 33d is 79 ~ 81 µm, and the minor axis radius is 67 ~ 69 µm; the major axis radius of the second type of small elliptical arc-shaped cladding tube 33c is 61 ~ 63 µm, and the minor axis radius is 49 ~ 51 µm; the radius of the second type of circular arc-shaped cladding tube 33b is 34 ~ 36 µm; and the radius of the second type of circular cladding tube 33a is 11 ~ 13 µm.

[0062] Furthermore, the radius of the third type of large circular cladding tube 43c is 41 ~ 43 µm, the radius of the major axis of the third type of elliptical cladding tube 43b is 28 ~ 30 µm, the radius of the minor axis is 24 ~ 26 µm, the radius of the third type of small circular cladding tube 43a is 13 ~ 15 µm, and the radius of the fourth type of circular cladding tube 42 is 15 ~ 17 µm;

[0063] Furthermore, the radius of the fifth type large circular cladding tube 53c is 44 ~ 46 µm, the radius of the fifth type medium circular cladding tube 53b is 30 ~ 32 µm, the radius of the fifth type small circular cladding tube 53a is 15 ~ 17 µm, and the radius of the sixth type circular cladding tube 52 is 16 ~ 18 µm;

[0064] Furthermore, the radius of the seventh type circular cladding tube 62c is 46 ~ 48 µm, the radius of the major axis of the seventh type elliptical cladding tube 62a is 34 ~ 36 µm, the radius of the minor axis is 24 ~ 26 µm, and the radius of the seventh type arc-shaped cladding tube 62b is 48 ~ 50 µm;

[0065] Furthermore, the radius of the eighth type circular cladding tube 72c is 49 ~ 51 µm, the radius of the major axis of the eighth type elliptical arc cladding tube 72a is 37 ~ 39 µm, the radius of the minor axis is 27 ~ 29 µm, and the radius of the eighth type circular arc cladding tube 72b is 53 ~ 55 µm. This anti-resonant structure design can concentrate the incident light to a greater extent in the lower left air core region 71, so as to facilitate stable light energy transmission.

[0066] Regarding the technical solution of this embodiment, the first type of large circular clad tube 32c, the first type of elliptical clad tube 32b, the first type of small circular clad tube 32a, the second type of large elliptical arc clad tube 33d, the second type of small elliptical arc clad tube 33c, the second type of arc clad tube 33b, and the second type of circular clad tube 33a are all made of SiO2 material, and the refractive index of the SiO2 material is between 1.37 and 1.46.

[0067] For the technical solution of this embodiment, the perfectly matched layer 1, the outer cladding layer 2, the third type of large circular cladding tube 43c, the third type of elliptical cladding tube 43b, the third type of small circular cladding tube 43a, the fourth type of circular cladding tube 42, the fifth type of large circular cladding tube 53c, the fifth type of medium circular cladding tube 53b, the fifth type of small circular cladding tube 53a, the sixth type of circular cladding tube 52, the seventh type of circular cladding tube 62c, the seventh type of arc-shaped cladding tube 62b, the seventh type of elliptical cladding tube 62a, the eighth type of circular cladding tube 72c, the eighth type of arc-shaped cladding tube 72b, and the eighth type of elliptical arc-shaped cladding tube 72a are all made of As2S3 material. The refractive index of the As2S3 material is between 2.37 and 2.46, which is greater than that of the SiO2 material. Compared with the traditional SiO2 material, this material has weaker absorption characteristics in the mid-infrared band, which is beneficial to reducing the loss in the light transmission process.

[0068] Regarding the technical solution of this embodiment, the following types of clad tubes are arranged in relation to each other: the first type of large circular clad tube 32c, the first type of elliptical clad tube 32b, and the first type of small circular clad tube 32a; the second type of large elliptical arc clad tube 33d, the second type of small elliptical arc clad tube 33c, the second type of arc clad tube 33b, and the second type of circular clad tube 33a; the third type of large circular clad tube 43c, the third type of elliptical clad tube 43b, and the third type of small circular clad tube 43a; the fifth type of large circular clad tube 53c, the fifth type of medium circular clad tube 53b, and the fifth type of small circular clad tube 53a; the seventh type of circular clad tube 62c, the seventh type of arc clad tube 62b, and the seventh type of elliptical clad tube 62a; and the eighth type of circular clad tube 72c, the eighth type of arc clad tube 72b, and the eighth type of elliptical arc clad tube 72a. The first type of small circular clad tube 32a, the second type of circular clad tube 33a, the third type of small circular clad tube 43a, the fourth type of circular clad tube 42, the fifth type of small circular clad tube 53a, and the sixth type of circular clad tube 52, as well as the central air core region 31, the upper left air core region 41, the lower right air core region 51, the upper right air core region 61, and the lower left air core region 71, are all filled with air. The refractive index of the air is less than that of SiO2 and As2S3 materials, which makes it easier to concentrate the incident light in the central air core region 31, the upper left air core region 41, the lower right air core region 51, the upper right air core region 61, and the lower left air core region 71.

[0069] Regarding the technical solution of this embodiment, the wall thicknesses of the first type of large circular cladding tube 32c, the first type of elliptical cladding tube 32b, the first type of small circular cladding tube 32a, the second type of large elliptical arc cladding tube 33d, the second type of small elliptical arc cladding tube 33c, the second type of arc cladding tube 33b, and the second type of circular cladding tube 33a in the first light guiding unit are... All satisfy: ;in, The operating wavelength of the first light guide unit in the design. This indicates the refractive index of the SiO2 cladding material. Indicates the refractive index of air. It is the anti-resonance order and is a positive integer;

[0070] The wall thicknesses of the third type large circular cladding tube 43c, the third type elliptical cladding tube 43b, the third type small circular cladding tube 43a, the fourth type circular cladding tube 42 in the second light guide unit; the fifth type large circular cladding tube 53c, the fifth type medium circular cladding tube 53b, the fifth type small circular cladding tube 53a, the sixth type circular cladding tube 52 in the third light guide unit; the seventh type circular cladding tube 62c, the seventh type arc-shaped cladding tube 62b, the seventh type elliptical cladding tube 62a in the fourth light guide unit; and the eighth type circular cladding tube 72c, the eighth type arc-shaped cladding tube 72b, and the eighth type elliptical arc-shaped cladding tube 72a in the fifth light guide unit. All satisfy: ;in, The operating wavelengths of the second to fifth light guide units are specified. This indicates the refractive index of the As2S3 cladding material.

[0071] Furthermore, based on the operating wavelength and the selected refractive indices of SiO2 and As2S3 materials in this embodiment, the wall thicknesses of the first type of large circular clad tube 32c, the first type of elliptical clad tube 32b, the first type of small circular clad tube 32a, the second type of large elliptical arc-shaped clad tube 33d, the second type of small elliptical arc-shaped clad tube 33c, the second type of arc-shaped clad tube 33b, and the second type of circular clad tube 33a are 2.3 ~ 2.5 µm; the wall thicknesses of the third type of large circular clad tube 43c, the third type of elliptical clad tube 43b, the third type of small circular clad tube 43a, and the fourth type of circular clad tube 42 are 0.9 ~ 1.1 µm; and the wall thicknesses of the fifth type of large circular clad tube 53c, the fifth type of medium circular clad tube 53b, the fifth type of small circular clad tube 53a, and the sixth type of circular clad tube 52 are 0.3 ~ 0.5 µm. The wall thickness of the seventh type circular clad tube 62c, the seventh type arc-shaped clad tube 62b, and the seventh type elliptical clad tube 62a is 0.5 ~ 0.7 µm; the wall thickness of the eighth type circular clad tube 72c, the eighth type arc-shaped clad tube 72b, and the eighth type elliptical arc-shaped clad tube 72a is 0.7 ~ 0.9 µm.

[0072] Regarding the technical solution of this embodiment, the number of nested tube assemblies in the upper left air fiber core area 41, the lower right air fiber core area 51, the upper right air fiber core area 61, and the lower left air fiber core area 71 are all 6, the number of nested tube assemblies in the central air fiber core area 31 is 4, and the number of gap tube assemblies in the upper left air fiber core area 41 and the lower right air fiber core area 51 are all 6, which effectively reduces optical signal leakage and avoids node loss.

[0073] Furthermore, the embodiment was simulated and tested using the finite element simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics. The finite element method was used in conjunction with the perfect matching layer boundary absorption condition for theoretical calculations, and simulation results such as confinement loss, mode field area, nonlinear coefficient, dispersion, and corresponding wavelength were obtained.

[0074] Figure 7 This is a graph showing the relationship between the fundamental mode confining loss of this optical fiber and wavelength. As can be seen from the graph, the maximum confining loss of this fiber is only 1.83 × 10⁻⁶ wavelengths across an ultrawide wavelength range from ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared, short-wave infrared to mid-infrared. -6 With a loss of dB / m, compared to the transmission loss of approximately 0.2 dB / km for traditional single-mode fiber, the loss is significantly reduced, demonstrating excellent low-loss transmission characteristics.

[0075] Figure 8 This is a graph showing the relationship between the fundamental mode area of ​​the optical fiber and wavelength. As can be seen from the graph, the mode area of ​​this hollow-core antiresonant fiber ranges from 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 3 ~ 7.0×10 3 µm 2 Between these, there is a large mode field area, which can significantly suppress nonlinear effects, improve the fiber damage threshold, and enhance mode field stability and transmission fidelity.

[0076] Figure 9 This is a graph showing the relationship between the fundamental mode nonlinearity coefficient of the optical fiber and wavelength. As can be seen from the graph, the nonlinearity coefficient of this hollow-core antiresonant fiber is relatively low, ranging from 0.09 to 2.28 (W·km). -1 The range varies. Therefore, this optical fiber, by reducing signal distortion and energy loss, can improve transmission efficiency, support higher power, and maintain signal stability, thus playing an important role in applications such as high-power laser transmission and fiber optic communication sensing.

[0077] Figure 10 This is a graph showing the relationship between the fundamental mode dispersion of the optical fiber and wavelength. As can be seen from the graph, the dispersion of this hollow-core antiresonant fiber in the 0.15 ~ 7.0 µm wavelength range is close to zero, with a maximum dispersion of only 7.82 × 10⁻⁶. -12 With a density of ps / (nm·km), near-zero dispersion fiber can effectively suppress pulse broadening and dispersion effects, ensuring signal stability and high-precision transmission in ultrafast laser systems and long-distance communications.

[0078] The foregoing has illustrated and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that this invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications should fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. An ultrawideband heterogeneous five-core antiresonant optical fiber for ultraviolet to mid-infrared transmission, characterized in that, Along the fiber diameter, from the outside in, it includes a perfect matching layer, an outer cladding layer, and first to fifth light guide units arranged within the outer cladding layer, wherein: The first light guide unit contains multiple first nested tube assemblies and second nested tube assemblies arranged equidistantly along the circumference, forming a central air core area. Each first nested tube assembly consists of a first type of large circular cladding tube, a first type of elliptical cladding tube, and a first type of small circular cladding tube. Each second nested tube assembly consists of a second type of large elliptical arc cladding tube, a second type of small elliptical arc cladding tube, a second type of circular arc cladding tube, and a second type of circular cladding tube. The radius of the first type of large circular cladding tube is 43-45 µm; the major axis radius of the first type of elliptical cladding tube is 29-31 µm, and the minor axis radius is 24-26 µm; the radius of the first type of small circular cladding tube is 14-16 µm; the major axis radius of the second type of large elliptical arc cladding tube is 79-81 µm, and the minor axis radius is 67-69 µm; the major axis radius of the second type of small elliptical arc cladding tube is 61-63 µm, and the minor axis radius is 49-51 µm. µm, the radius of the second type of arc-shaped cladding tube is 34 ~ 36 µm, and the radius of the second type of circular cladding tube is 11 ~ 13 µm; The second light guide unit has multiple third nested tube assemblies and first gap tube assemblies arranged equidistantly along the circumference, forming the upper left air core area. The third nested tube assembly consists of a third type of large circular cladding tube, a third type of elliptical cladding tube, and a third type of small circular cladding tube. The first gap tube assembly consists of a fourth type of circular cladding tube. The radius of the third type of large circular cladding tube is 41 ~ 43 µm, the radius of the major axis of the third type of elliptical cladding tube is 28 ~ 30 µm, the radius of the minor axis is 24 ~ 26 µm, the radius of the third type of small circular cladding tube is 13 ~ 15 µm, and the radius of the fourth type of circular cladding tube is 15 ~ 17 µm. The third light guide unit has multiple fourth nested tube assemblies and second gap tube assemblies arranged equidistantly along the circumference, forming the lower right air core area. The fourth nested tube assembly consists of a fifth type large circular cladding tube, a fifth type medium circular cladding tube, and a fifth type small circular cladding tube. The second gap tube assembly consists of a sixth type circular cladding tube. The radius of the fifth type large circular cladding tube is 44 ~ 46 µm, the radius of the fifth type medium circular cladding tube is 30 ~ 32 µm, the radius of the fifth type small circular cladding tube is 15 ~ 17 µm, and the radius of the sixth type circular cladding tube is 16 ~ 18 µm. The fourth light guide unit has multiple fifth nested tube assemblies equidistantly arranged along the circumference, which together form the upper right air core area. The fifth nested tube assembly consists of a seventh type circular cladding tube, a seventh type elliptical cladding tube, and a seventh type arc-shaped cladding tube. The radius of the seventh type circular cladding tube is 46 ~ 48 µm, the radius of the major axis of the seventh type elliptical cladding tube is 34 ~ 36 µm, the radius of the minor axis is 24 ~ 26 µm, and the radius of the seventh type arc-shaped cladding tube is 48 ~ 50 µm. The fifth light guide unit has multiple sixth nested tube assemblies arranged equidistantly along the circumference, which together form the lower left air core area. The sixth nested tube assembly consists of an eighth type circular cladding tube, an eighth type elliptical arc cladding tube, and an eighth type arc cladding tube. The radius of the eighth type circular cladding tube is 49 ~ 51 µm, the radius of the major axis of the eighth type elliptical arc cladding tube is 37 ~ 39 µm, the radius of the minor axis is 27 ~ 29 µm, and the radius of the eighth type arc cladding tube is 53 ~ 55 µm.

2. The ultra-wideband heterogeneous five-core anti-resonant optical fiber for ultraviolet to mid-infrared transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first nested tube assembly, from the outside in, sequentially includes a first type of large circular cladding tube, a first type of elliptical cladding tube, and a first type of small circular cladding tube, all of which are tangent to the outer cladding layer and fused to it. The second nested tube assembly, from the outside in, sequentially includes a second type of large elliptical arc cladding tube, a second type of small elliptical arc cladding tube, a second type of circular arc cladding tube, and a second type of circular cladding tube. The second type of large elliptical arc cladding tube, the second type of small elliptical arc cladding tube, and the second type of circular arc cladding tube are all fused to the outer cladding layer, and the second type of circular cladding tube is tangent to the outer cladding layer and fused to it. The third nested tube assembly, from the outside in, includes a third type of large circular cladding tube, a third type of elliptical cladding tube, and a third type of small circular cladding tube. The first gap tube assembly includes a fourth type of circular cladding tube, all of which are tangent to the outer cladding layer and fused to it. The fourth nested tube assembly, from the outside in, includes a fifth type of large circular cladding tube, a fifth type of medium circular cladding tube, and a fifth type of small circular cladding tube. The second gap tube assembly includes a sixth type of circular cladding tube, all of which are tangent to the outer cladding layer and fused to it. The fifth nested tube assembly, from the outside in, sequentially includes a seventh type of circular cladding tube, a seventh type of elliptical cladding tube, and a seventh type of arc-shaped cladding tube. The seventh type of circular cladding tube is tangent to the outer cladding layer and fused to it. The seventh type of elliptical cladding tube is connected to the seventh type of arc-shaped cladding tube, and the seventh type of arc-shaped cladding tube is connected to the seventh type of circular cladding tube. The sixth nested tube assembly, from the outside in, sequentially includes an eighth type of circular cladding tube, an eighth type of elliptical arc-shaped cladding tube, and an eighth type of arc-shaped cladding tube. The eighth type of circular cladding tube is tangent to the outer cladding layer and fused to it. The eighth type of elliptical arc-shaped cladding tube is connected to the eighth type of arc-shaped cladding tube, and the eighth type of arc-shaped cladding tube is connected to the eighth type of circular cladding tube.

3. The ultra-wideband heterogeneous five-core anti-resonant optical fiber for ultraviolet to mid-infrared transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central air fiber core region, upper left air fiber core region, lower right air fiber core region, upper right air fiber core region, and lower left air fiber core region operate in the 0.15 ~ 2.0 µm, 2.0 ~ 3.0 µm, 3.0 ~ 4.0 µm, 4.0 ~ 6.0 µm, and 6.0 ~ 7.0 µm bands, respectively, and are centrally symmetrically distributed.

4. The ultra-wideband heterogeneous five-core anti-resonant optical fiber for ultraviolet to mid-infrared transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that, The perfect matching layer has a thickness of 8 to 12 µm, an outer cladding radius of 480 to 500 µm, a first light guide unit radius of 90 to 110 µm, a second light guide unit radius of 130 to 150 µm, a third light guide unit radius of 135 to 155 µm, a fourth light guide unit radius of 140 to 160 µm, and a fifth light guide unit radius of 150 to 170 µm.

5. The ultra-wideband heterogeneous five-core anti-resonant optical fiber for ultraviolet to mid-infrared transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the first light guide unit, the first nested tube assembly and the second nested tube assembly are symmetrically distributed in a C4 configuration and do not contact each other; in the second light guide unit, the third nested tube assembly and the first gap tube assembly are both symmetrically distributed in a C6 configuration and do not contact each other; in the third light guide unit, the fourth nested tube assembly and the second gap tube assembly are both symmetrically distributed in a C6 configuration and do not contact each other; in the fourth light guide unit, the fifth nested tube assembly is symmetrically distributed in a C6 configuration and does not contact each other; in the fifth light guide unit, the sixth nested tube assembly is symmetrically distributed in a C6 configuration and does not contact each other.

6. The ultra-wideband heterogeneous five-core anti-resonant optical fiber for ultraviolet to mid-infrared transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each cladding tube in the first light guide unit is made of SiO2 material, and the refractive index of the SiO2 material is between 1.37 and 1.

46.

7. The ultra-wideband heterogeneous five-core anti-resonant optical fiber for ultraviolet to mid-infrared transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that, The perfectly matched layer, the outer cladding layer, and each cladding tube in the second to fifth light guide units are all made of As2S3 material, and the refractive index of the As2S3 material is between 2.37 and 2.

46.

8. The ultra-wideband heterogeneous five-core anti-resonant optical fiber for ultraviolet to mid-infrared transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that, Air is filled inside the first type of small circular and second type of circular cladding tubes in the first light guide unit and between the remaining cladding tubes; inside the third type of small circular and fourth type of circular cladding tubes in the second light guide unit and between the remaining cladding tubes; inside the fifth type of small circular and sixth type of circular cladding tubes in the third light guide unit and between the remaining cladding tubes; between the cladding tubes in the fourth light guide unit; between the cladding tubes in the fifth light guide unit; and in the central air core area, upper left air core area, lower right air core area, upper right air core area, and lower left air core area.

9. The ultra-wideband heterogeneous five-core anti-resonant optical fiber for ultraviolet to mid-infrared transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wall thickness of each cladding tube in the first light guide unit All satisfy: ;in, The operating wavelength of the first light guide unit in the design. This indicates the refractive index of the SiO2 cladding material. Indicates the refractive index of air. It is the anti-resonance order; The wall thickness of each cladding tube in the second to fifth light guide units All satisfy: ;in, The operating wavelengths of the second to fifth light guide units are specified. This indicates the refractive index of the As2S3 cladding material.

Images