Preparation method and application of vegetable aphid biological insecticide based on artemisia frigida extract

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of biological prevention and control of agricultural pests, and discloses a preparation method of a vegetable aphid biological insecticide based on an artemisia frigida extract. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, collecting raw materials: selecting stems and leaves of the overground part of fresh artemisia frigida, and cleaning for later use; s2, crushing treatment: crushing the cleaned stems and leaves of the artemisia frigida to obtain artemisia frigida powder; s3, extraction: inorganic extraction: weighing 100g of cold artemisia powder, adding 500ml 1% alcohol and 500ml 1% sodium carbonate, mixing, performing inorganic extraction, filtering after the inorganic extraction is completed, and collecting an inorganic extracting solution; organic extraction: taking 20ml of terpenoid substances, mixing with 60g of vegetable protein, and stirring for 15 hours to complete organic extraction, so as to obtain an organic extracting solution; and mixing and extracting: combining the inorganic extracting solution and the organic extracting solution, adding 15kg of water, and uniformly stirring. According to the preparation method and application of the artemisia frigida extract-based vegetable aphid biological insecticide, the biological insecticide has an efficient prevention and treatment effect on aphids on vegetables such as cucumbers, eggplants and peppers, and the harm of the aphids to the vegetables can be effectively reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of biological control of agricultural pests, in particular to a preparation method and application of a vegetable aphid biological insecticide based on Artemisia frigida extracts. BACKGROUND

[0002] Aphids are common pests in vegetable production, mainly harming cucumbers, eggplants, peppers and other vegetables, causing plant growth disorders, leaf curling and yield reduction by sucking vegetable sap, and may also transmit viral diseases, causing serious losses to the vegetable industry.

[0003] Currently, the prevention and control of vegetable aphids mainly relies on chemical pesticides such as abamectin; however, long-term and large-scale use of chemical pesticides can lead to increased aphid resistance, excessive pesticide residues, environmental pollution and other problems, which do not meet the requirements of green agriculture and sustainable development.

[0004] Biological insecticides have become an important direction to replace chemical pesticides due to their good environmental compatibility, safety to non-target organisms and resistance to resistance; plant extracts, as an important source of biological insecticides, have rich bioactive ingredients and have contact, stomach and antifeedant effects on pests; Artemisia frigida is a common herb, and research has found that its extract has certain insecticidal activity, but there is little systematic research on the use of Artemisia frigida extract for vegetable aphid control, and there is a lack of mature preparation methods and application technology, which limits its application in agricultural production.

[0005] Therefore, a preparation method and application of a vegetable aphid biological insecticide based on Artemisia frigida extract are proposed to solve the above-mentioned problems. SUMMARY

[0006] (I) Technical problems solved

[0007] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a preparation method and application of a vegetable aphid biological insecticide based on Artemisia frigida extract, which has the advantages of significant control effect and convenient operation, and solves the problem that the existing prevention and control of aphids mainly relies on chemical pesticides (such as abamectin), which can easily lead to increased aphid resistance, excessive pesticide residues and environmental pollution.

[0008] (II) Technical solutions

[0009] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of significant control effect and convenient operation, the present application provides the following technical solutions: a preparation method of a vegetable aphid biological insecticide based on Artemisia frigida extract, comprising the following steps:

[0010] S1: Raw material collection: select fresh stems and leaves of Artemisia frigida above ground, wash and reserve;

[0011] S2: crushing treatment: before crushing, the cold wormwood stems and leaves need to be air-dried, and then the washed cold wormwood stems and leaves are crushed to obtain cold wormwood powder;

[0012] S3: extraction:

[0013] Inorganic extraction: 100 g of cold wormwood powder was weighed, 500 ml of 1% alcohol and 500 ml of 1% sodium carbonate were added, and after mixing, inorganic extraction was carried out, and after completion, filtration was carried out, and the inorganic extraction liquid was collected;

[0014] Organic extraction: 20 ml of terpenes was taken and mixed with 60 g of plant protein, stirred for 15 hours, and organic extraction was completed to obtain an organic extraction liquid;

[0015] Mixed extraction: the inorganic extraction liquid and the organic extraction liquid were combined, 15 kg of water was added, and stirring was uniform;

[0016] S4: filtration: after the extraction was completed, the mixed liquid was filtered to remove the residue to obtain the extraction liquid;

[0017] S5: dilution: the extraction liquid was diluted with pure water to 500 ml to obtain a cold wormwood extract-based vegetable aphid biopesticide.

[0018] Preferably, when the raw materials are collected, the selected cold wormwood stems and leaves are free of pests and diseases, and the length is 15-30 cm.

[0019] Preferably, the water content of the cold wormwood stems and leaves before the crushing treatment is less than 5%, the crushing treatment is carried out at room temperature of 20-25°C, the crushing time is 3-5 minutes, and the crushing device used is a high-speed universal crusher, and the rotation speed is set to 3000-5000 r / min.

[0020] Preferably, during the extraction process, the inorganic extraction, organic extraction and mixed extraction operations are carried out in a glass container of appropriate specifications (the inorganic extraction can use a large-capacity container); when inorganic extraction and organic extraction are carried out, if the extraction step needs to be stationary, the glass container is sealed with a fresh-keeping film, and the fresh-keeping film is uniformly provided with 5-8 small holes with a diameter of 1-2 mm; the mixing operation is realized by stirring with a glass rod, and the stirring frequency is 20-30 times, and each stirring lasts for 10-15.

[0021] Preferably, the filter used for the filtration is a qualitative filter paper with a pore size of 1-3 μm, and the filtration operation is carried out in a funnel, and a 1000 ml beaker is placed below the funnel to collect the extraction liquid, and the liquid surface is 1-2 cm away from the edge of the filter paper during filtration.

[0022] Preferably, the dilution uses purified water, the water temperature is 15-25 DEG C, the dilution process uses a 500ml volumetric flask, the extract is slowly poured along the inner wall of the volumetric flask, then deionized water is slowly added to 1-2cm below the scale line, after 30 seconds, deionized water is added to the scale line by using a rubber head dropper.

[0023] Preferably, in the step S3, 95% ethanol is analytical pure, and 99% NaCl is chemical pure.

[0024] Preferably, after the raw material is collected, the washing process uses flowing tap water, the washing time is about 5 minutes, and after the washing is completed, the raw material is placed in a cool and ventilated place to drain surface moisture for 30-40 minutes.

[0025] Application of a vegetable aphid biological insecticide based on Artemisia frigida extract in the field of agricultural pest biological control.

[0026] (Three) beneficial effects

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the application provides a vegetable aphid biological insecticide based on Artemisia frigida extract and an application, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. The vegetable aphid biological insecticide based on Artemisia frigida extract has a high-efficiency prevention and control effect on aphids on cucumbers, eggplants, peppers and the like, can effectively reduce the harm of aphids to vegetables, and guarantees the yield and quality of vegetables, and the prevention and control effect is better than that of traditional chemical pesticide avermectin.

[0029] 2. The vegetable aphid biological insecticide based on Artemisia frigida extract has the advantages of convenient preparation and application, clear preparation process steps and specific parameters, easy-to-obtain equipment and raw materials, and low cost; when applied, a conventional spraying method can be used, which is convenient for popularization and use in agricultural production, and as a plant source biological insecticide, the environmental compatibility is good, the safety to non-target organisms is good, aphids are not easy to develop drug resistance, and the requirements of green agriculture and sustainable development are met. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 The figure is a preparation process flowchart of the vegetable aphid biological insecticide based on Artemisia frigida extract. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] With reference to the accompanying drawings on which the embodiments of the application are illustrated, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be described clearly and completely. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments of the application, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort belong to the protection scope of the application.

[0032] Embodiment one

[0033] Preparation of a vegetable aphid biopesticide based on Artemisia rupestris L. extract, including the following contents:

[0034] Raw material collection (S1)

[0035] Select the above-ground stems and leaves of Artemisia rupestris L. in the vigorous growth period, and require no pests and diseases, with a stem length of 15-30 cm. After collection, rinse with flowing tap water for 5 minutes to remove surface dirt and impurities, then drain the surface moisture in a cool and ventilated place for 30-40 minutes, and prepare for use. If it cannot be processed immediately after collection, the drained stems and leaves can be stored at 4°C under cold storage conditions, and the storage time should not exceed 24 hours to avoid degradation of active ingredients.

[0036] Crushing treatment (S2)

[0037] Before crushing, the Artemisia rupestris L. stems and leaves need to be air-dried, and then the drained Artemisia rupestris L. stems and leaves are placed in a high-speed universal crusher, crushed at room temperature of 20-25°C, the speed of the crusher is set to 3000-5000 r / min, and the crushing time is 3-5 minutes. The obtained Artemisia rupestris L. powder needs to pass through an 80-100 mesh screen.

[0038] Extraction (S3)

[0039] Inorganic extraction: weigh 100 g of Artemisia rupestris L. powder, add it to a suitable large glass container (such as 2000 ml or more), add 500 ml of 1% alcohol and 500 ml of 1% sodium carbonate, and stir the mixture with a glass rod for 20-30 times (10-15 seconds each time) until uniform. Then seal the container with plastic wrap (make 5-8 small holes with a diameter of 1-2 mm on the plastic wrap), and extract at room temperature (if the room temperature is > 30°C, place it in a cool water bath to maintain 25°C; if the room temperature is < 15°C, slowly warm it to 20°C with a constant temperature water bath). After completion, filter and collect the inorganic extract;

[0040] Organic extraction: take 20 ml of terpenes and add them to a glass container with 60 g of plant protein, and stir for 15 hours to complete the organic extraction, obtaining the organic extract;

[0041] Mixed extraction: combine the inorganic extract and the organic extract, and add 15 kg of water, and stir until uniform with a glass rod.

[0042] Filtering (S4)

[0043] After the extraction is completed, qualitative filter paper with a pore size of 1-3 pm is taken and placed in a funnel. A 1000 ml beaker is placed below the funnel to collect the liquid. The mixed liquid is slowly poured into the funnel, and the liquid surface is kept 1-2 cm away from the edge of the filter paper during filtering to remove the residue and collect the clear extract. If the filtering speed is too slow, the mixed liquid can be allowed to stand for 10 minutes to precipitate the large particles, and then the supernatant is filtered. Alternatively, reduced pressure filtration (vacuum degree 0.05-0.08 MPa) can be used to speed up the filtering process, but care should be taken to avoid excessive negative pressure that may cause the filter paper to break.

[0044] Dilution (S5)

[0045] The extract is slowly poured along the inner wall of a 500 ml volumetric flask, and deionized water at 15-25°C is added to 1-2 cm below the scale line. After standing for 30 seconds, deionized water is added dropwise to the scale line using a rubber bulb dropper. After shaking, a vegetable aphid biopesticide based on the extract of cold chrysanthemum is obtained.

[0046] The prepared biopesticide needs to be sealed in a brown glass bottle and stored in a cool and dark place (temperature 5-25°C). During storage, it should be shaken once a month to prevent stratification of the ingredients.

[0047] The preparation process of the vegetable aphid biopesticide based on the extract of cold chrysanthemum involves strict standards for raw material collection (free of pests and diseases, specific length, and appropriate storage method), precise parameters for crushing treatment (equipment, speed, time, and particle size), optimized conditions for extraction (reagent specifications, stirring method, temperature control), efficient filtering methods (filter material selection, operation details, and speed-up scheme), standardized dilution steps (container, water quality, and operation process), and scientific requirements for product storage (container, environment, and maintenance method). The prepared pesticide not only has easily accessible raw materials, controllable and simple preparation process, but also effectively retains the active ingredients in cold chrysanthemum, laying a reliable foundation for subsequent efficient prevention and control of vegetable aphids. It is also convenient for storage and application.

[0048] Example Two

[0049] Application of biopesticide in the prevention and control of vegetable aphids

[0050] Select cucumber, eggplant, and pepper fields with severe aphid damage for field control tests.

[0051] Application method: Use a manual backpack sprayer to evenly spray the biopesticide prepared in Example One on the front and back of the leaves of the vegetable plants until small water droplets form on the leaf edges.

[0052] Investigation method: mark 10 plants in each plot, investigate 5 leaves of each plant, record the number of live aphids before and 1 day, 4 hours after spraying, calculate the control effect and mortality rate.

[0053] Test results:

[0054] After 4 hours of spraying, the mortality rates of cucumber, eggplant, and pepper aphids were all above 98%;

[0055] After 1 day of spraying, the control effects on cucumber, eggplant, and pepper aphids were 86.97%, 83.23%, and 85.36%, respectively;

[0056] Field pilot test showed that the mortality rate of aphids was stable at above 82%, which was significantly better than that of the control agent, abamectin (control effect 60.08%-69.91%).

[0057] The biological insecticide is simple to use in the prevention and control of vegetable aphids (uniformly sprayed by using a hand-held knapsack sprayer), and the control effect can be clearly reflected through scientific investigation methods. It has high control efficiency, and the mortality rates of cucumber, eggplant, and pepper aphids were all above 98% after 4 hours of spraying, and the control effects on the three kinds of vegetable aphids were 86.97%, 83.23%, and 85.36% after 1 day of spraying. The mortality rate of aphids was stable at above 82% in field pilot test, which was significantly better than that of the control agent, abamectin, and could effectively control the harm of aphids to vegetables.

[0058] Example Three

[0059] Preventive effect of the extract on vegetable aphids

[0060] The leaves of cucumber, eggplant, and pepper damaged by aphids were collected in the field, and the aphids were sprayed with 200 times the extract solution. After 1 day, the number of aphids was investigated and the control effect was calculated. The results showed that the control effects on the three kinds of vegetable aphids were all above 90%. Field control test showed that the whole plants of cucumber, eggplant, and pepper damaged by aphids were sprayed with 200 times the extract solution. After 1 day of spraying, the field control effects on aphids were 86.97%, 85.36%, and 83.23%, respectively. The control effects of the control agent, abamectin, on the three kinds of aphids were 68.13%, 60.08%, and 69.91%, respectively, after 1 day of spraying. The indoor isolated leaf spraying and field control test showed that the extract could effectively prevent and control cucumber, eggplant, and pepper aphids.

[0061] 1. Determination of aphid control effect on isolated leaves in the laboratory

[0062] 1.1 Test method

[0063] Collect cucumber, eggplant, pepper leaves in the early stage of aphid damage in the field, record the base number of insect before spraying, prepare the extract into 200 times of soluble liquid, take spraying water as blank control, each treatment has 3 times of repetition, uniformly spray the front and back of vegetable leaves until small water droplets are formed on the leaf edge; observe and record the number of live aphids after 1 day after spraying, calculate the control effect.

[0064] Control effect = (1 × 100)

[0065] 1.2 Test results

[0066] Table 1 Effect of extract on aphid control on in vitro leaves of three vegetables

[0067]

[0068] 2. Analysis of field aphid control effect

[0069] 2.1 Test method

[0070] Specifically, the extract is prepared into a soluble liquid with a concentration of 200 times, with abamectin as the control agent and water as the blank control, at least 20 vegetable plants per plot, 4 times of repetition per treatment, and the plot treatment is arranged randomly; when the aphids on the vegetables reach a sufficient density, a hand-held knapsack sprayer is used to uniformly spray the vegetable plants.

[0071] Investigation method: at least 10 plants in each plot are investigated for the number of live aphids, 5 leaves on each plant are investigated before spraying, and the average number of aphids on each leaf is calculated; after 1 day after spraying, the number of live aphids after spraying is investigated according to the same method, and the aphid reduction rate and control effect are calculated according to the following formula (reference GB / T17980.15-2000).

[0072] Aphid reduction rate (%) = ;

[0073] Control effect (%) = ;

[0074] 2.2 Test results

[0075] Table 2 Field control effect of extract on aphids on three vegetables

[0076]

[0077] The extract has a significant prevention effect on vegetable aphids. In the indoor isolated leaf test, the 200 times solution has a prevention effect of more than 90% on cucumber, eggplant and pepper aphids; in the field prevention test, the 200 times solution has a prevention effect of 86.97%, 83.23% and 85.36% on the three kinds of vegetable aphids respectively after 1 day of spraying, which is better than the control agent, avermectin, and can effectively solve the problem of vegetable aphid damage, and as a plant extract, it is more in line with the requirements of green agriculture and sustainable development than chemical pesticides, and can reduce the problems of aphid resistance enhancement, pesticide residue exceeding and environmental pollution, and the like, and its application operation is simple and suitable for popularization in agricultural production to ensure the yield and quality of vegetables.

[0078] In summary, the vegetable aphid biopesticide based on the extract of cold wormweed has a high prevention effect on aphids on cucumbers, eggplants, peppers and the like, can effectively reduce the harm of aphids to vegetables, ensure the yield and quality of vegetables, and its prevention effect is better than that of traditional chemical pesticide avermectin.

[0079] Moreover, the preparation and application operation is convenient, the preparation process steps are clear and the parameters are specific, the required equipment and raw materials are easy to obtain, and the cost is low; when applied, the conventional spraying method can be used, which is convenient for popularization and use in agricultural production, and as a plant source biopesticide, it has good environmental compatibility, is safe to non-target organisms, is not easy to cause aphid resistance, and meets the requirements of green agriculture and sustainable development.

[0080] It should be noted that in this paper, relationship terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between the entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "contain" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed or inherent to such process, method, article or equipment. Without more limitations, the element defined by the statement "including a" does not exclude the presence of another identical element in the process, method, article or equipment including the element.

[0081] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, replacements and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirits of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a vegetable aphid biopesticide based on Artemisia frigida extract, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Raw material collection: Select fresh above-ground stems and leaves of Artemisia argyi, wash and set aside; S2: Crushing process: Before crushing, the stems and leaves of Artemisia frigida need to be dried in the shade, and then the washed stems and leaves of Artemisia frigida are crushed to obtain Artemisia frigida powder; S3: Extraction: Inorganic extraction: Weigh 100g of Artemisia frigida powder, add 500ml of 1% alcohol and 500ml of 1% sodium carbonate, mix and carry out inorganic extraction, filter after completion, and collect the inorganic extract; Organic extraction: Take 20ml of terpenoids and mix with 60g of plant protein. Stir for 15 hours to complete the organic extraction and obtain the organic extract. Mixed extraction: Combine the inorganic extract and the organic extract, add 15 kg of water, and stir well; S4: Filtration: After extraction, the mixture is filtered to remove residue and obtain the extract. S5: Dilution: Dilute the extract with purified water to 500ml to obtain a vegetable aphid biopesticide based on Artemisia argyi extract.

2. The method for preparing a vegetable aphid bio-insecticide based on Artemisia frigida extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: When collecting the raw materials, the selected Artemisia argyi stems and leaves are free from pests and diseases and are 15-30 cm in length.

3. The method for preparing a vegetable aphid bio-insecticide based on Artemisia frigida extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before the crushing process, the moisture content of the dried Artemisia stems and leaves must be less than 5%. The crushing process is carried out at room temperature of 20-25℃ for 3-5 minutes. The equipment used for the crushing process is a high-speed universal crusher with a speed set to 3000-5000 r / min.

4. The method for preparing a vegetable aphid bio-insecticide based on Artemisia frigida extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the extraction process, inorganic extraction, organic extraction, and mixed extraction are all carried out in glass containers of appropriate specifications (a large-capacity container can be used for inorganic extraction). When performing inorganic or organic extraction, if a static extraction step is required, the mouth of the glass container is sealed with plastic wrap, and 5-8 small holes with a diameter of 1-2 mm are evenly punched in the plastic wrap. The mixing is achieved by stirring with a glass rod, with 20-30 stirrings and each stirring lasting 10-15 minutes.

5. The method for preparing a vegetable aphid bio-insecticide based on Artemisia frigida extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter material used for filtration is qualitative filter paper with a pore size of 1-3 μm. The filtration operation is carried out in a funnel with a 1000 ml beaker placed below the funnel to collect the extract. During filtration, the liquid level is 1-2 cm away from the edge of the filter paper.

6. The method for preparing a vegetable aphid bio-insecticide based on Artemisia frigida extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: The purified water used for dilution is deionized water, and the water temperature is 15-25℃. The container used in the dilution process is a 500ml volumetric flask. The extract is slowly poured in along the inner wall of the volumetric flask, and then deionized water is slowly added to 1-2cm below the mark. After standing for 30 seconds, deionized water is added dropwise to the mark using a dropper.

7. The method for preparing a vegetable aphid bio-insecticide based on Artemisia frigida extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the 95% ethanol in the inorganic extraction is analytical grade, and the 99% NaCl is chemically pure.

8. The method for preparing a vegetable aphid bio-insecticide based on Artemisia frigida extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the raw materials are collected, the washing process uses running tap water to rinse for about 5 minutes. After rinsing, the materials are placed in a cool and ventilated place to drain the surface water for 30-40 minutes.

9. The application of the vegetable aphid bio-insecticide based on Artemisia frigida extract according to claim 1 in the field of biological control of agricultural pests.

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