Air pressure drainage dredging ship and dredging method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of air pressure drainage dredging ship and dredging method, comprising: ship body, middle part is provided with through hole;Dredging device is set at the through hole;Vertical motion mechanism is installed on ship body, for driving the dredging device motion along vertical direction;Wherein, dredging device includes: mud taking part, including drainage cover, fender and mud taking mechanism;The drainage cover is the columnar structure of top sealing lower part open, and the mud taking mechanism is set in drainage cover;Mud conveying part is used to convey the silt that mud taking part excavates to mud discharging part;Mud discharging part is used to receive and discharge the silt that is conveyed.This application realizes lake reservoir silt dry excavation by air pressure drainage, to solve the problem that existing dredging equipment post-processing process is complex, energy consumption is large, pollution is big.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waterway improvement construction technology. More specifically, this invention relates to a pneumatic drainage dredging vessel and a dredging method. Background Technology

[0002] my country has approximately 2,800 large lakes with an area of ​​over 1,000 square meters and more than 98,000 reservoirs. Large reservoirs suffer from siltation, and large lakes experience eutrophication, among other environmental problems. Dredging projects can effectively remove silt from reservoirs, restore their capacity, reduce pollution, and restore aquatic ecosystems.

[0003] At present, large lakes and reservoirs are mostly dredged by ecological cutter suction dredgers or pneumatic mud pumps. The main method is to suck up the mixture of mud and water and then separate the mud and water. The traditional dredging methods are mainly mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic pump. Among them, the pneumatic pump is mainly suitable for deep water dredging. Commonly used dredging equipment includes cutter suction dredgers, trailing suction dredgers and grab bucket dredgers. A small number of shallow water areas use water excavators. Traditional lake and reservoir dredging equipment has the following problems: (1) Traditional water excavators have low construction efficiency. In the case of cutter suction and pneumatic dredging, the water volume of the mud-water mixture is about 70-85%. Most of the pump energy is used for pumping and transporting water, resulting in low dredging efficiency. Moreover, during the dredging process, it is easy to cause the suspension and diffusion of pollutants in the bottom sediment, which leads to water turbidity and water quality deterioration. (2) The mud-water mixture needs to be treated at a land-based or water-based sludge solidification treatment station for impurity removal, chemical conditioning, concentration and filtration to form sludge with low water content before it can be disposed of. However, the construction of treatment stations requires a large area, a lot of equipment, and high costs. Moreover, the entire treatment process is complex and energy-intensive. Therefore, it is urgent to develop efficient and environmentally friendly sludge dredging equipment that is tailored to the characteristics of lake and reservoir dredging. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a pneumatic drainage dredging vessel and dredging method, which realizes dry dredging of lake and reservoir silt through pneumatic drainage, thereby solving the problems of complex post-processing, high energy consumption and high pollution of existing dredging equipment.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve this technical problem is: a pneumatic drainage dredging vessel, comprising: The hull has a through hole in its middle section; A dredging device is installed at the through hole; A vertical motion mechanism, mounted on the hull, is used to drive the dredging device to move vertically. The dredging equipment includes: The mud-removing section includes a drainage hood, a retaining plate, and a mud-removing mechanism; the drainage hood is a columnar structure with a sealed top and an open bottom, and the mud-removing mechanism is located inside the drainage hood; The mud conveying section is used to transport the silt excavated by the mud intake section to the mud discharge section. The sludge discharge section is used to receive and discharge the transported sludge.

[0006] As a further aspect of the present invention, the mud conveying part is a chain bucket mechanism.

[0007] As a further aspect of the present invention, the mud-collecting mechanism includes a bucket, a rotary excavator, a rotating device, and a longitudinal moving device. The longitudinal moving device includes a steel cylinder and a traveling trolley. The steel cylinder is arranged around the outer periphery of the mud conveying section. Multiple vertical racks are arranged at intervals around the steel cylinder located inside the drainage cover. The traveling trolley is engaged with the vertical racks. The rotating device includes a motor, a gear mechanism, and an internal gear mechanism; the internal gear mechanism is coaxially arranged on the outer periphery of the steel cylinder, the motor is installed on the traveling trolley, the motor drives the gear mechanism, and the gear mechanism is configured to cooperate with the internal gear mechanism. The number of buckets is multiple, and they are installed at intervals on the internal gear mechanism; The rotary drilling head is coaxially mounted at the lower end of the internal gear mechanism.

[0008] As a further aspect of the present invention, the retaining plate is an inclined support plate, with the upper part of the retaining plate connected to the steel cylinder around the chain bucket mechanism and the lower part connected to the drainage cover. A rack and pinion mechanism is installed on the steel cylinder located on the upper part of the retaining plate. This mechanism works in conjunction with the vertical motion mechanism on the hull so that the dredging device can move up and down relative to the hull.

[0009] As a further aspect of the present invention, the rotary drilling head is a cylindrical structure, which includes a spiral head, vertical support and horizontal support from bottom to top, wherein the vertical support is arranged at equal intervals along the circumference.

[0010] As a further aspect of the present invention, the drainage cover is equipped with an air pressure sensor and a camera inside, and a water pressure sensor on the outside.

[0011] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the sludge discharge section includes a rotary table structure, a material discharge bin, a transition bin, a sludge discharge pipe, and an outer cover. The rotary table structure's discharge port is connected to the discharge bin, the discharge bin and the transition bin are connected by valve one, and the transition bin and the mud discharge pipe are connected by valve two. The outer cover covers the mud on the rotary table structure and the mud conveying section located above the mud discharge section. The top of the outer cover is provided with an air inlet to maintain stable air pressure inside the chamber. The top of the transition chamber is also provided with an air inlet.

[0012] The present invention also provides a dredging method using the aforementioned air pressure drainage dredging vessel, comprising the following steps: S1: Detect the height h1 of the bottom of the drain cover from the water surface, detect the air pressure P1 inside the drain cover, and inject high-pressure air into the air inlet until the air pressure P1 reaches the following requirements. S2: The dredging device is lowered via a vertical motion mechanism. During descent, the water pressure increases with depth h1, therefore, air needs to be continuously injected into the drainage hood to ensure... ; S3: The dredging device descends until it is observed through the drainage cover camera that the dredging device has reached the mud surface; S4: The rotary drilling head of the mud-collecting mechanism rotates to loosen the soil; the bucket of the mud-collecting mechanism works, scoops up the mud and sends it to the lower area of ​​the chain bucket mechanism, and under the action of the rotating device, it excavates all the soil around the rotary drilling head; then, the chain bucket mechanism works to transport the excavated silt; finally, with the cooperation of the moving trolley, the rotary drilling head and the bucket can achieve a certain depth of mud-collecting operation. Simultaneously, after the chain bucket transports the mud to a high position, it pours the mud into the rotary table structure during reversal. The rotary table structure then sends the mud into the discharge bin. The air inlet of the transition bin pressurizes the transition bin, making the air pressure P2=P1. Once the discharge bin is full, valve one is opened while valve two is closed, allowing the mud from the discharge bin to fall into the transition bin. Then, valve one closes and valve two opens, allowing the mud from the transition bin to be discharged through the mud outlet pipe. After the mud is discharged from the transition bin, valve two is closed, and the air inlet of the transition bin is pressurized again, making the air pressure P2=P1. Valve one and valve two are opened and closed alternately, continuously replenishing the air pressure in the transition bin to achieve continuous mud output. S5: After the silt inside the drainage hood is excavated, the vertical motion mechanism moves, causing the sludge removal device to continue to descend.

[0013] S6: Repeat S1 to S5 to continuously excavate silt at a fixed location.

[0014] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: This invention fundamentally changes the extraction and transportation mode of underwater silt, realizing a shift from extracting high-moisture slurry to dredging semi-dry silt. This shift directly avoids the ineffective handling of large amounts of water, allowing equipment energy to be concentrated on effective dredging operations, significantly reducing energy consumption throughout the process. Simultaneously, because the transported material has extremely low water content, it greatly reduces the burden on subsequent processes such as mud-water separation, sedimentation, and filtration, saving the land and costs associated with building large-scale shoreline treatment plants, simplifying the treatment process, and shortening the operation cycle.

[0015] In terms of environmental protection, the advantages of this invention are particularly prominent. The sealed drainage hood operation effectively prevents the problems of bottom sediment disturbance and pollutant diffusion that are difficult to avoid in traditional slurry suction or pneumatic pump operations, significantly reducing secondary pollution to the water body in the operation area and protecting the aquatic ecological environment. Its intelligent control system monitors and automatically adjusts the air pressure inside the chamber in real time through various sensors, ensuring the stability and safety of the operating environment, improving adaptability to different water depths and silt conditions, and making the dredging process more precise and controllable.

[0016] Furthermore, this equipment integrates multiple material handling methods, achieving thorough excavation of the space within the drainage hood through compound motion, resulting in more complete dredging and a comprehensive improvement in operational efficiency. Its unique pressure-buffered sludge discharge design cleverly solves the material transport problem between the sealed low-pressure environment and the normal-pressure outside environment, ensuring the continuity and stability of dredging operations.

[0017] In summary, this invention is not only highly efficient and energy-saving, but also environmentally friendly and highly reliable, providing a new and superior solution for the dredging and management of large reservoirs and lakes.

[0018] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will become apparent in part from the following description, and in part from those skilled in the art through study and practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is an overall drawing of the pneumatic drainage dredging vessel of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the bucket and rotating device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the rotary drilling head of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a partially enlarged structural diagram of the mud-collecting mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a partially enlarged structural diagram of the sludge discharge section and the vertical motion mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 This invention relates to the excavation construction steps of the pneumatic drainage dredging vessel.

[0020] Among them, 1-hull, 2-vertical motion mechanism, 3-air inlet, 4-sludge taking part, 5-sludge conveying part, 6-sludge discharging part, 7-drainage cover, 8-soil retaining plate, 9-bucket, 10-rotary drilling head, 11-steel cylinder, 12-traveling trolley, 13-vertical rack, 14-motor, 15-gear mechanism, 16-rack mechanism, 17-spiral head, 18-vertical support, 19-lateral support, 20-air pressure sensor, 21-camera, 22-water pressure sensor, 23-rotary disc structure, 24-feeding bin, 25-transition bin, 26-sludge discharge pipe, 27-outer cover, 28-valve one, 29-valve two, 30-internal gear mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will now be described in detail and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will be able to implement the present invention based on these descriptions. Before describing the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, it should be particularly noted that the technical solutions and features provided in various parts of the present invention, including the following description, can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0022] Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention described below are generally only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The specific implementation process is as follows: This invention relates to a pneumatic drainage dredging vessel, primarily designed to address the problems of low efficiency, high energy consumption, complex subsequent treatment, and severe environmental pollution caused by the large-scale extraction of mud-water mixtures in traditional dredging operations. To address these issues, this invention proposes a pneumatic drainage dredging vessel, the core of which lies in achieving "dry" dredging of silt through pneumatic drainage, significantly reducing water carryover, improving dredging efficiency, and lowering the difficulty and cost of subsequent treatment.

[0024] like Figures 1-6As shown, the dredging vessel includes: a hull 1, a dredging device, and a vertical movement mechanism 2. A through-hole is provided in the middle of the hull 1, at which the dredging device is located. The vertical movement mechanism 2 is mounted on the hull 1 and is used to drive the dredging device to move vertically. The dredging device further includes a mud-collecting section 4, a mud-transporting section 5, and a mud-discharging section 6. The mud-collecting section 4 consists of a drainage hood 7, a retaining plate 8, and a mud-collecting mechanism. The drainage hood 7 is a columnar structure with a sealed top and an open bottom, and can be circular or square, with the mud-collecting mechanism installed inside. The mud-transporting section 5 is used to transport the dredged sludge from the mud-collecting section 4 to the mud-discharging section 6, which is responsible for receiving and discharging the sludge. This invention no longer relies on traditional hydraulic or pneumatic pumps to extract the mud-water mixture. Instead, it forms a partially enclosed working chamber through the drainage hood 7, using high-pressure air to discharge the water inside, creating a near-dry working environment. In this environment, the mud-collecting mechanism can more efficiently dredge the sludge, avoiding the mixing of large amounts of water, thereby significantly reducing the burden of subsequent processing. Meanwhile, the structural design also takes into account the adaptability to deep-water operations. The vertical motion mechanism 2 enables the lowering and raising of the dredging device, and sensors monitor water depth and air pressure in real time to ensure a stable and controllable operation. This invention, through a combination of structural innovation and operational methods, effectively overcomes the problems of high water content, high energy consumption, complex processing, and pollution diffusion associated with traditional dredging methods. It is suitable for dredging projects in large reservoirs, lakes, and other water bodies, and has significant practical value and potential for widespread application.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment, the sludge conveying section 5 is a chain bucket mechanism, a mature and existing device. It directly excavates and transports sludge by arranging several dredging buckets on a conveyor chain. The transported material is solid or semi-solid mud lumps with significantly reduced water content, thereby reducing water transport at the source, improving transport efficiency, and lowering energy consumption and costs in subsequent treatment. Traditional pneumatic pumps or cutter suction dredging essentially dilute underwater sludge and transport it in fluid form. This invention, however, uses a chain bucket mechanism for mechanical transport, achieving a fundamental shift from transporting fluids to transporting solids. This shift avoids the ineffective handling of large amounts of water, allowing energy to be concentrated on lifting and transporting the sludge itself, significantly improving the energy efficiency of dredging. The chain bucket mechanism operates stably and reliably, eliminating concerns about pipeline blockages as with hydraulic transport, making it particularly suitable for transporting sludge containing certain viscosity or impurities, and offering greater adaptability.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the mud-collecting mechanism includes a bucket 9, a rotary excavator 10, a rotating device, and a longitudinal moving device. The longitudinal moving device includes a steel cylinder 11 and a traveling trolley 12. The steel cylinder 11 surrounds the mud-carrying section 5 and is connected to the mud-carrying section 5 as a whole. The steel cylinder 11 isolates the mud-carrying section 5 from the outside (the steel cylinder 11 is connected to the drainage cover 7 and the interior of the outer cover 27). The shape of the steel cylinder 11 is adjusted according to the shape of the mud-carrying section 5. Preferably, except for the top of the mud-carrying section 5, the remaining part of the steel cylinder 11 is cylindrical or square columnar. The steel cylinder 11 located inside the drainage cover 7 is circumferentially provided with multiple vertical racks 13. In this embodiment, a total of four vertical racks 13 are provided, and the included angle between adjacent racks is 90°. The traveling trolley 12 corresponds one-to-one with the vertical racks 13 and is engaged with the vertical racks 13, thereby realizing the up-and-down movement of the traveling trolley 12 along the vertical racks 13. The system includes a motor 14, a gear mechanism 15, and an internal gear mechanism 30. The internal gear mechanism 30 is coaxially disposed on the outer periphery of the steel cylinder 11, and the inner diameter of the internal gear mechanism 30 is larger than the outer diameter of the steel cylinder 11. The motor 14 is mounted on the traveling trolley 12, and the motor 14 drives the gear mechanism 15. The gear mechanism 15 is configured to cooperate with the internal gear mechanism 30, and the gear in the gear mechanism 15 meshes with the internal gear of the internal gear mechanism 30. The rotation of the internal gear mechanism 30 is achieved through the transmission of the motor 14-gear mechanism 15-internal gear mechanism 30. In this embodiment, the gear mechanisms 15 on the four traveling trolleys 12 synchronously drive the internal gear mechanism 30 to rotate. There are multiple buckets 9, which are installed at intervals on the internal gear mechanism 30. In one embodiment of this application, there are four buckets 9, which are equidistantly installed on the toothless side of the internal gear mechanism 30. The rotary excavator head 10 is coaxially mounted on the lower end of the internal gear mechanism 30, and preferably on the toothless side of the lower end of the internal gear mechanism 30. The bucket 9 and rotary excavator 10 move up and down via the gear and rack mechanism 16 of the traveling trolley 12 and the steel cylinder 11. The bucket 9 and rotary excavator 10 rotate via a rotating device, thus enabling the excavation of soil from the entire area within the drainage hood 7. This invention creatively integrates multiple soil removal methods into one unit. The rotary excavator 10 is responsible for rotating to loosen the compacted soil; multiple buckets 9 can revolve along the internal gear mechanism 30 under the drive of the rotating device, and simultaneously move independently up and down on the vertical rack 13 via the traveling trolley 12, thus achieving rotation and longitudinal feeding. This composite motion mode allows the buckets 9 to reach every corner within the drainage hood 7, collecting all the soil loosened by the rotary excavator 10 and located in the edge areas and transporting it to the chain bucket, ensuring thorough soil removal and greatly improving the efficiency of a single operation.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the retaining plate 8 is an inclined support plate. The upper part of the retaining plate 8 is connected to the steel cylinder 11 surrounding the chain bucket mechanism, and the lower part is connected to the drainage cover 7. A rack mechanism 16 is provided on the steel cylinder 11 located on the upper part of the retaining plate 8. By cooperating with the vertical movement mechanism 2 on the hull 1, the dredging device can move up and down relative to the hull 1 to achieve dredging to a predetermined depth. The rack mechanism 16 can be set up in multiple ways, similar to a vertical rack 13. The number of vertical movement mechanisms 2 corresponds to the number of rack mechanisms 16. The vertical movement mechanism 2 includes several gears and a motor 14. The motor 14 drives these gears, which synchronously drive the rack mechanism 16 to move, thereby realizing the up and down movement of the dredging device. In this embodiment, the direction of vertical movement represents the up and down movement perpendicular to the hull 1, and is the same direction as vertical. The present invention forms a rigid vertical movement mechanism 2 by setting a rack mechanism 16 on the steel cylinder 11 fixed to the mud conveying part 5 and meshing with the gears driven by the motor 14 on the hull 1. This rack and pinion transmission provides greater driving force and higher positioning accuracy, ensuring that the heavy dredging device can stably submerge to the predetermined depth. In addition, the inclined retaining plate 8 connecting the drainage cover 7 and the steel cylinder 11 not only serves as a structural reinforcement, but more importantly, it is inserted into the surrounding mud layer, effectively isolating the silt outside the cover and creating and maintaining a stable low-pressure working space inside the cover.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the rotary drilling head 10 is generally cylindrical, comprising a spiral head 17, vertical supports 18, and horizontal supports 19 from bottom to top, wherein the vertical supports 18 are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference. The rotary drilling head 10 of this invention has been specifically optimized. The spiral head 17 at its bottom is the main working component, responsible for drilling into and breaking up the soil. The vertical supports 18 arranged at equal intervals along the circumference, and the horizontal supports 19 connecting them, together constitute a robust cage-like frame structure. This structure greatly enhances the overall rigidity and torsional resistance of the rotary drilling head 10, enabling it to handle hard or impure mud layers. More importantly, the intervals between the vertical supports 18 create natural permeable spaces, providing a channel for the soil excavated by the bucket 9 to be transported upwards to the chain bucket, avoiding obstruction of the material conveying process by the rotary drilling head 10 itself, and achieving a seamless connection between the crushing and conveying functions.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, the drainage hood 7 is equipped with an air pressure sensor 20 and a camera 21 inside, and a water pressure sensor 22 on the outside. The air pressure sensor 20 is used to monitor the pressure inside the drainage hood 7, and several cameras 21 are installed at equal intervals inside the drainage hood 7 to monitor the situation inside the drainage hood 7. The water pressure sensor 22 is used to monitor the depth of water entering the drainage hood 7. By installing the air pressure sensor 20 to monitor the air pressure inside the drainage hood 7 in real time, the control system automatically adjusts the air intake by comparing the internal and external pressures to ensure that the internal air pressure is always balanced with the external water pressure, thereby perfectly repelling water outside the drainage hood 7 and maintaining an ideal "dry" working environment. The camera 21 allows the operator to directly observe the material removal situation and the position of the mud surface inside the hood, realizing visual operation and providing intuitive basis for precise control of the lowering and operation of the dredging device.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, the sludge discharge section 6 includes a rotary table structure 23, a discharge bin 24, a transition bin 25, a sludge discharge pipe 26, and an outer cover 27. The discharge port of the rotary table structure 23 is connected to the discharge bin 24. The discharge bin 24 and the transition bin 25 are connected by valve 28, and the transition bin and the sludge discharge pipe 26 are connected by valve 29. The outer cover 27 covers the sludge on the rotary table structure 23 and the sludge conveying section 5 located above the sludge discharge section 6. The outer cover 27 is connected to the discharge bin 24. An air inlet 3 is provided on the top of the outer cover 27 to maintain stable air pressure inside the bin. An air inlet 3 is also provided on the top of the transition bin 25. Each of these air inlets 3 is equipped with a pneumatic valve. The opening and closing of the pneumatic valves controls whether air is introduced and the amount of air introduced. The air can be supplied by an air compressor. Valves are installed at the bottom of the discharge bin 24 and the bottom of the transition bin 25 to realize the conversion of sludge output and ensure the stability of air pressure inside the transition bin 25. There is an air inlet 3 at the top of the dredging device to enable the entire dredging device to be filled and vented. There is also an air inlet 3 in the transition chamber 25 to replenish the air pressure caused by the sludge being transported from the transition chamber 25 to the outside.

[0031] This invention designs a complex and sophisticated pressure buffer system comprising a rotary table, a discharge bin 24, and a transition bin 25. A chain bucket delivers soil into a low-pressure collection bin and rotary table, and then the soil is fed into the equally low-pressure discharge bin 24. During sludge discharge, the transition bin 25 is first pressurized through the air inlet 3 until its pressure equals that of the discharge bin 24. Then, valve 28 is opened, allowing the soil to fall into the transition bin 25 under gravity without causing drastic pressure fluctuations. Valve 28 is then closed, and valve 29 is opened to discharge the soil from the transition bin 25 to the normal pressure environment. After discharge, valve 29 is closed, and the transition bin 25 is pressurized again to the working pressure, preparing for the next operation. Through the alternating opening and closing of valves 28 and 29 and continuous pressure compensation, continuous, stable, and leak-free transport of sludge from the low-pressure chamber to the normal pressure environment is achieved, which is the core guarantee for the entire pneumatic drainage and sludge removal method.

[0032] The present invention also provides a dredging method using the aforementioned air pressure drainage dredging vessel, comprising the following steps: S1: The height h1 of the bottom of the drainage cover 7 from the water surface is detected by the external water pressure sensor 22 of the drainage cover 7, and the air pressure P1 inside the drainage cover 7 is detected by the internal air pressure sensor 20 of the drainage cover 7. High-pressure air is injected into the air inlet 3 until the air pressure P1 reaches the following requirements. S2: The dredging device is lowered via the vertical motion mechanism 2. During the descent, the water pressure increases with the depth h1, therefore, it is necessary to continuously inject air into the drainage cover 7 to ensure... ; S3: The dredging device descends until it is observed by the camera 21 on the drainage cover 7 that the dredging device has reached the mud surface; S4: The rotary drilling head 10 of the mud-collecting mechanism rotates to loosen the mud; the bucket 9 of the mud-collecting mechanism works, scoops mud and sends it to the lower area of ​​the chain bucket mechanism, and under the action of the rotating device, it excavates all the mud around the rotary drilling head 10; then, the chain bucket mechanism works to transport the excavated silt; finally, with the cooperation of the moving trolley 12, the rotary drilling head 10 and the bucket 9 can achieve a certain depth of mud-collecting operation. Simultaneously, after the chain bucket transports the mud to a high position, it pours the mud into the rotary table structure 23 during reversal. The rotary table structure 23 then sends the mud into the discharge bin 24. The air inlet 3 of the transition bin 25 pressurizes the transition bin 25, making the air pressure P2=P1. After the discharge bin 24 is full, valve 1 28 is opened, while valve 29 is closed, allowing the mud from the discharge bin 24 to fall into the transition bin 25. Then, valve 1 28 closes and valve 29 opens, allowing the mud from the transition bin 25 to be discharged through the mud outlet pipe 26. After the mud from the transition bin 25 is discharged, valve 29 is closed, and the air inlet 3 of the transition bin 25 pressurizes the transition bin 25 again, making the air pressure P2=P1. Valve 1 28 and valve 2 29 alternately open and close, continuously replenishing the air pressure in the transition bin 25, thus achieving continuous mud output. S5: After the silt inside the drainage cover 7 is excavated, the vertical movement mechanism 2 moves, causing the sludge removal device to continue to descend.

[0033] S6: Repeat S1 to S5 to continuously excavate silt at a fixed location.

[0034] Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and embodiments shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A pneumatic drainage dredging vessel, characterized in that, include: The hull has a through hole in its middle section; A dredging device is installed at the through hole; A vertical motion mechanism, mounted on the hull, is used to drive the dredging device to move vertically. The dredging equipment includes: The mud-removing section includes a drainage hood, a retaining plate, and a mud-removing mechanism; the drainage hood is a columnar structure with a sealed top and an open bottom, and the mud-removing mechanism is located inside the drainage hood; The mud conveying section is used to transport the silt excavated by the mud intake section to the mud discharge section. The mud conveying section is a chain bucket mechanism. The sludge discharge section is used to receive and discharge the transported sludge. The mud-collecting mechanism includes a bucket, a rotary excavator, a rotating device, and a longitudinal moving device. The longitudinal moving device includes a steel cylinder and a traveling trolley. The steel cylinder is arranged around the outer periphery of the mud conveying section. Multiple vertical racks are arranged at intervals around the steel cylinder located inside the drainage cover. The traveling trolley is engaged with the vertical racks. The rotating device includes a motor, a gear mechanism, and an internal gear mechanism; the internal gear mechanism is coaxially arranged on the outer periphery of the steel cylinder, the motor is installed on the traveling trolley, the motor drives the gear mechanism, and the gear mechanism is configured to cooperate with the internal gear mechanism. The number of buckets is multiple, and they are installed at intervals on the internal gear mechanism; The rotary drilling head is coaxially mounted at the lower end of the internal gear mechanism.

2. The pneumatic drainage dredging vessel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The retaining plate is an inclined support plate, with the upper part of the retaining plate connected to the steel cylinder around the chain bucket mechanism and the lower part connected to the drainage cover; A rack and pinion mechanism is installed on the steel cylinder located on the upper part of the retaining plate. This mechanism works in conjunction with the vertical motion mechanism on the hull so that the dredging device can move up and down relative to the hull.

3. The pneumatic drainage dredging vessel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The rotary drilling head is a cylindrical structure, which includes a spiral head, vertical support and horizontal support from bottom to top. The vertical support is arranged at equal intervals along the circumference.

4. The pneumatic drainage dredging vessel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The drainage cover is equipped with an air pressure sensor and a camera inside, and a water pressure sensor on the outside.

5. The pneumatic drainage dredging vessel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sludge discharge section includes a rotary table structure, a material discharge bin, a transition bin, a sludge discharge pipe, and an outer cover; The rotary table structure's discharge port is connected to the discharge bin, the discharge bin and the transition bin are connected by valve one, and the transition bin and the mud discharge pipe are connected by valve two. The outer cover covers the mud on the rotary table structure and the mud conveying section located above the mud discharge section. The top of the outer cover is provided with an air inlet to maintain stable air pressure inside the chamber. The top of the transition chamber is also provided with an air inlet.

6. A dredging method using the pneumatic drainage dredging vessel according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Detect the height h1 of the bottom of the drain cover from the water surface, detect the air pressure P1 inside the drain cover, and inject high-pressure air into the air inlet until the air pressure P1 reaches the following requirements. S2: The dredging device is lowered via a vertical motion mechanism. During descent, the water pressure increases with depth h1, therefore, air needs to be continuously injected into the drainage hood to ensure... ; S3: The dredging device descends until it is observed through the drainage cover camera that the dredging device has reached the mud surface; S4: The rotary drilling head of the mud-collecting mechanism rotates to loosen the soil; the bucket of the mud-collecting mechanism works, scoops up the mud and sends it to the lower area of ​​the chain bucket mechanism, and under the action of the rotating device, it excavates all the soil around the rotary drilling head; then, the chain bucket mechanism works to transport the excavated silt; finally, with the cooperation of the moving trolley, the rotary drilling head and the bucket can achieve a certain depth of mud-collecting operation. Simultaneously, after the chain bucket transports the mud to a high position, it pours the mud into the rotary table structure during reversal. The rotary table structure then sends the mud into the discharge bin. The air inlet of the transition bin pressurizes the transition bin, making the air pressure P2=P1. Once the discharge bin is full, valve one is opened while valve two is closed, allowing the mud from the discharge bin to fall into the transition bin. Then, valve one closes and valve two opens, allowing the mud from the transition bin to be discharged through the mud outlet pipe. After the mud is discharged from the transition bin, valve two is closed, and the air inlet of the transition bin is pressurized again, making the air pressure P2=P1. Valve one and valve two are opened and closed alternately, continuously replenishing the air pressure in the transition bin to achieve continuous mud output. S5: After the silt inside the drainage hood is excavated, the vertical motion mechanism moves, causing the sludge removal device to continue to descend; S6: Repeat S1 to S5 to continuously excavate silt at a fixed location.

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