Bilateral welding and sealing equipment for vacuum packaging of nickel-based alloy composite board

Abstract

The invention discloses bilateral welding sealing equipment for vacuum packaging of a nickel-based alloy composite board, relates to the technical field of welding, and aims to solve the technical problem that the welding quality and efficiency of the composite board are poor. According to the method, the welding quality is improved from multiple dimensions, the efficiency is optimized, local overheating or insufficient penetration is avoided through bilateral synchronous welding sealing and symmetrical heating, argon full-coverage anti-oxidation is matched, weld defects are reduced, and the vacuum packaging sealing performance is guaranteed; self-adaptive heat conduction and stress dispersion are carried out in the plastic stage, local stress is uniformly dispersed, heat conduction is broken in the non-plastic stage, weld joint instability is prevented, and weld joint cracking and plate body warping are prevented; the elastic elastic pressing piece absorbs thermal expansion displacement of the plate body, so that weld joints are prevented from being damaged due to excessive extrusion, and uniform stress of each area is ensured; dynamic stress dispersion in the whole process is achieved through a stress circulation adjusting mechanism, and the cracking risk is reduced; and meanwhile, the equipment adaptability is high, operation is convenient and fast, the problems that traditional welding is poor in quality and low in efficiency are solved comprehensively, and the strict requirement for vacuum packaging is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of welding technology, and more specifically, to a double-sided welding device for vacuum encapsulation of nickel-based alloy composite plates. Background Technology

[0002] Nickel-based alloy composite plates, combining the excellent corrosion resistance of nickel-based alloys with the high strength of the base metal, are widely used in chemical, nuclear power, and aerospace industries. Their vacuum sealing process requires welding to seal the edges of the composite plate, preventing external media from seeping in and affecting performance. Currently, welding equipment for vacuum sealing of nickel-based alloy composite plates mostly adopts a single-sided welding gun structure, meaning that sealing is completed by welding along one side of the composite plate edge with a single welding gun.

[0003] However, this single-sided welding method has significant technical drawbacks: First, uneven heating leads to unstable weld quality. Nickel-based alloys have a low thermal conductivity, and during single-sided welding, heat is transferred from only one side, resulting in a significant difference in heating between the two sides of the weld. This can easily lead to insufficient penetration on one side and overheating and burning on the other. For example, when welding nickel-based alloy composite plates with a thickness of 8-12mm, the single-sided welding torch needs to make multiple passes to ensure penetration, resulting in uneven weld formation and defects such as incomplete fusion and porosity. The subsequent airtightness test failure rate can reach 15%-20%. Second, insufficient precision in the welding torch movement affects the sealing performance of the encapsulation. Existing single-sided welding equipment mostly relies on manual adjustment of the welding torch position or uses ordinary guide rails to move the welding torch. This makes it difficult to guarantee the relative positional accuracy between the welding torch and the edge of the composite plate, especially when welding long welds (e.g., over 1.5m in length). The welding torch offset can reach 0.3-0.5mm, resulting in inconsistent weld width and decreased sealing performance in some areas. This fails to meet the high sealing requirements of vacuum sealing (leakage rate ≤1×10⁻⁻⁻⁶). 9 Thirdly, the welding efficiency is low, making it difficult to adapt to mass production. Single-sided welding requires welding both sides of the composite plate separately, and cooling time is required to avoid overheating on one side, resulting in a prolonged welding time for a single composite plate. Production efficiency is only 50%-60% of the ideal state, which cannot meet the mass production needs of nickel-based alloy composite plates in fields such as chemical equipment and nuclear power components. For example, in the manufacturing of pressure vessels made of nickel-based alloy composite plates for nuclear power, even minor defects in the weld can cause media leakage, leading to serious safety accidents; the highly corrosive environment in the chemical industry also places extremely high demands on the sealing performance of the weld. Therefore, we propose a double-sided welding device for vacuum sealing of nickel-based alloy composite plates. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a double-sided welding and sealing device for vacuum encapsulation of nickel-based alloy composite plates, so as to solve the technical problem of poor welding quality and efficiency of composite plates.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a double-sided welding and sealing device for vacuum encapsulation of nickel-based alloy composite plates, comprising a frame, a processing platform provided on the top of the frame, a plurality of positioning seats installed on the top side of the processing platform, a composite plate arranged between the inner circumferences of the plurality of positioning seats, and linear guide rails fixed to the processing platform provided on both sides of the composite plate, and a welding gun arm fixed on the linear guide rail moving seat.

[0006] Several external connecting arms are installed on the outer side of the linear guide rail. A pressure plate is provided below the multiple external connecting arms on the same side. Multiple drive rods are installed on the top of the pressure plate. A cylinder that is fixed to the drive rod is fixed on the top of the external connecting arm.

[0007] The welding torch arm consists of a fixed base connected to a linear guide rail, a curved arm, and a welding torch head. A wind shroud is fixed to the outer periphery of the welding torch head. The wind shroud is connected to an air inlet that communicates with external argon gas. A spiral section is provided inside the wind shroud, and an air outlet surrounding the welding torch head is provided at the bottom of the wind shroud.

[0008] Preferably, the pressure plate is made of a thermally conductive material and has a heat insulation plate fixed on one side. The heat insulation plate is made of a thermally insulating material, and a heat-conducting plate of thermally conductive material is fixed to the outer periphery of the heat insulation plate. A plurality of stress-uniforming structures are provided on one side of the heat-conducting plate. The stress-uniforming structure includes a thermally conductive cylinder fixed to one side of the heat-conducting plate. An extension sleeve is provided on the outer periphery of the thermally conductive cylinder. A fixing plate is installed on one side of the extension sleeve. A heat insulation sleeve is fixed to the fixing plate near the extension sleeve. A spinning member is provided on the other side of the fixing plate. A cylindrical cam is engaged between the spinning member and the fixing plate.

[0009] Preferably, the extended outer sleeve includes a fitted sleeve fixed to the outer periphery of the heat-conducting cylinder, an extension sleeve extending from one side of the fitted sleeve, the extension sleeve and the fitted sleeve being made of non-thermal-conducting material, an internal storage space between the extension sleeve and the heat-conducting cylinder, a telescopic joint being provided on one side of the extension sleeve, the telescopic joint having a telescopic section with a multi-wave cross-section, the telescopic joint being made of a heat-deformable material, a plurality of fixing rods and elastic plates connecting the telescopic joint and the extension sleeve, the elastic plates being made of elastic material, the elastic plates being composed of a plurality of wave segments and wave crest contact points, the wave crest contact points being in close contact with the heat-conducting cylinder.

[0010] Preferably, the heat insulation sleeve consists of a front section and a rear section, and a plurality of notches and grooves are provided between the front section and the rear section, and the notches and grooves are located at the position of the elastic sheet.

[0011] Preferably, the spinning component includes an outer tube, one end of which is connected to a pressure plate via a one-way bearing. A spiral blade is connected to the outer periphery of the outer tube, and an elastic layer on the top of the extruded composite plate is bonded to the outer periphery of the spiral blade. The cylindrical cam consists of a cam body, a curved groove, and a limiting ball. The limiting ball is fixed to the outer tube, and the curved groove is formed on the outer periphery of the cam body. The cam body is rotatably connected to a fixed plate via a one-way bearing.

[0012] Preferably, an adaptive heat-conducting structure is provided between the pressure plate and the heat-conducting plate. The adaptive heat-conducting structure includes a constraint plate sleeve and an extension sheet. The extension sheet is located on the inner periphery of the constraint plate sleeve and is fixed to the pressure plate on one side. The cross-section of the extension sheet is an overlapping wave shape, and the extension sheet is made of a material that can expand when heated.

[0013] Preferably, the constraint plate sleeve is made of a heat-deformable material, and the constraint plate sleeve bends away from the heat-initiating plate when it is heated and deformed.

[0014] Preferably, both the extension sheet and the pressure plate are equipped with a connecting plate, and a hydraulic rod and a sensor are installed between the two connecting plates.

[0015] Preferably, the bottom of the pressure plate is provided with multiple spring-loaded components.

[0016] Preferably, the spring-loaded component includes a curved tip with an arc-shaped cross-section, and two ends of the curved tip extend into elastic arc segments with acute-angle cross-sections. The elastic arc segments are made of elastic metal material, and the elastic arc segments extend into a straight connection segment that is fixed to the pressure plate.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] 1. This invention uses a servo motor to drive the welding torch to move synchronously along the weld seam, achieving simultaneous welding and sealing on both sides. Compared with traditional single-sided welding, this significantly shortens the operation time and greatly improves welding efficiency. At the same time, symmetrical heating on both sides avoids the problem of local overheating or insufficient penetration of the composite plate caused by single-sided welding, reducing weld defects. The welding torch angle adjustment mechanism ensures that the welding torch and the weld seam always maintain the optimal angle. Combined with the spiral argon gas flow of the hood, it achieves full argon gas coverage in the weld seam area, preventing high-temperature oxidation of the nickel-based alloy cladding, further reducing problems such as porosity and slag inclusions, ensuring that the weld seam meets the sealing requirements of vacuum sealing, and solving the problem of poor welding quality and efficiency of composite plates.

[0019] 2. In the welding plastic stage, the invention utilizes an adaptive heat-conducting structure to conduct heat, with a heat-conducting plate transferring heat to a heat-conducting cylinder. This heat drives the expansion joint to extend, causing the cylindrical cam and the spinning component to rotate. The spiral blades apply symmetrical radial extrusion force to the composite plate, dispersing local stress at the weld edge towards the central area and improving stress distribution uniformity. In the non-plastic stage, the adaptive heat-conducting structure disconnects the heat-conducting channel, preventing the high-temperature molten weld from being squeezed and causing welding instability. This design precisely matches changes in welding temperature, effectively preventing weld cracking due to stress concentration and avoiding warping of the composite plate due to uneven stress. This ensures the structural integrity of the composite plate after welding and further solves the problem of poor welding quality and efficiency of composite plates.

[0020] 3. This invention also utilizes a highly elastic metal material for the spring-loaded component at the bottom of the pressure plate. When the cylinder drives the pressure plate downwards, the curved tip of the spring-loaded component contacts the composite plate first. The elastic deformation of the curved segment provides a uniform initial clamping force, ensuring that the composite plate has no loosening or displacement before welding. During welding, the upward force generated by the thermal expansion of the composite plate pushes the curved segment to further contract, flexibly absorbing the expansion displacement and avoiding excessive compression between the pressure plate and the composite plate, thus preventing weld deformation or damage to the composite plate. Multiple spring-loaded components can achieve differentiated contraction according to the expansion differences in different areas of the composite plate, ensuring uniform force on all areas of the plate, balancing welding stability and plate integrity, and further solving the problem of poor welding quality and efficiency of composite plates.

[0021] 4. This invention also utilizes a cyclic adjustment mechanism: after the expansion joint is heated and extends, it drives the spinning component to rotate and extrude the composite plate. The heat insulation sleeve moves accordingly, pushing open the elastic sheet and disconnecting the heat transfer between the heat-conducting cylinder and the elastic sheet. The expansion joint cools and recovers, then re-contacts the heat-conducting cylinder, forming a cycle of "heated extension - extrusion dispersion - cooling recovery - reheating." Combined with a one-way bearing design, this ensures that the spiral blades continuously move symmetrically towards the center of the composite plate, achieving dynamic stress dispersion throughout the welding process. This avoids prolonged stress concentration in certain areas, further reducing the risk of weld cracking and ensuring the structural stability of the composite plate throughout the welding process. This further addresses the problem of poor welding quality and efficiency in composite plates.

[0022] 5. This invention also employs a two-section rotating connection design for the external connecting arm, which can be flipped to avoid the loading and unloading path, facilitating the loading and unloading of composite plates. The T-slot of the processing platform is compatible with positioning seats and tooling fixtures of different specifications, meeting the welding and sealing requirements of nickel-based alloy composite plates of various sizes. In addition, the equipment has reserved cable wiring channels and argon gas pipeline supports, with a neat layout that reduces external interference. The operation panel allows for convenient setting of parameters such as the welding torch movement speed, reducing the difficulty of operation. In the second embodiment, the on / off of the heat conduction channel is controlled by sensors and hydraulic rods, further expanding the equipment's adaptability and meeting the welding and sealing requirements in different production scenarios, thus improving the equipment's practicality and flexibility. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the welding gun arm in this invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the outer connecting arm in this invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the stress uniform structure in this invention;

[0027] Figure 5 In this invention Figure 4 Enlarged view of the structure at point A in the middle;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a single stress-uniform structure in this invention;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the half-section connection structure of the extended outer jacket portion in this invention;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the extendable outer garment in this invention;

[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the mating structure between the heat insulation sleeve and the elastic sheet in this invention;

[0032] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in the connected case of the first embodiment of the adaptive heat conduction structure in this invention;

[0033] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in the first embodiment of the adaptive heat conduction structure of the present invention under the condition of separation;

[0034] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the adaptive heat conduction structure in this invention;

[0035] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the elastic compression component in this invention.

[0036] Explanation of the labels in the diagram:

[0037] 1. Frame; 2. Machining platform; 3. Positioning seat; 4. Composite plate; 5. Linear guide rail; 6. Welding gun arm; 7. External connecting arm; 8. Pressure plate; 9. Drive rod; 10. Cylinder; 11. Fan shroud; 12. Air inlet head; 13. Heat insulation plate; 14. Heat-conducting plate; 15. Stress uniform structure; 16. Adaptive heat conduction structure; 17. Connecting plate; 18. Hydraulic rod; 19. Spring-loaded component;

[0038] 601. Fixed base; 602. Bending arm; 603. Welding gun head; 151. Heat-conducting cylinder; 152. Extension sleeve; 1521. Fitting sleeve; 1522. Extension sleeve; 1523. Expansion joint; 1524. Fixed rod; 1525. Elastic sheet; 15251. Wave segment; 15252. Wave crest contact point; 153. Fixed plate; 154. Heat insulation sleeve; 1541. Front section; 1542. Rear section; 1543. Notch groove; 155. Spinned part; 1551. Outer tube; 1552. Spiral blade; 156. Cylindrical cam; 1561. Cam body; 1562. Curved groove; 161. Constraint plate sleeve; 162. Extension sheet; 191. Curved tip; 192. Elastic arc segment; 193. Direct connection segment. Detailed Implementation

[0039] like Figures 1 to 13 As shown, the present invention relates to a double-sided welding and sealing device for vacuum encapsulation of nickel-based alloy composite plates, comprising a frame 1 and a processing platform 2. The frame 1, as the basic load-bearing structure of the device, is welded from Q345B low-alloy high-strength steel and undergoes overall annealing treatment to eliminate welding stress and ensure no deformation during long-term use. Four sets of adjustable anchor bolts are installed at the bottom of the frame 1, and the levelness of the processing platform 2 can be calibrated by a level to avoid misalignment of the composite plate 4 or deviation of the welding torch movement trajectory due to equipment tilt. In addition, cable wiring channels and argon gas pipeline supports are reserved inside the frame 1 to ensure the overall layout of the device is neat and to reduce the impact of external interference on the welding process.

[0040] The machining platform 2 is integrally milled from 45# steel and rigidly connected to the top of the frame 1 with bolts, ensuring that the coaxiality error with the frame 1 is ≤0.05mm. A T-slot is provided on the top of the machining platform 2 to accommodate different sizes of positioning seats 3 and tooling fixtures, while also facilitating the cleaning of welding slag and debris generated during welding. To enhance its resistance to deformation, a cross-shaped reinforcing rib is welded to the bottom of the machining platform 2, increasing its load-bearing capacity to 500kg / m², fully meeting the processing requirements of the nickel-based alloy composite plate 4.

[0041] The processing platform 2 has 4-6 sets of positioning seats 3 evenly arranged on its top side. Each set of positioning seats 3 consists of a base, a side baffle, and an adjustable tightening bolt. A composite plate 4 is set between the inner circumferences of multiple positioning seats 3. Linear guide rails 5 are provided on both sides of the composite plate 4. Welding gun arms 6 are installed on the linear guide rails 5.

[0042] Linear guide rails 5 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of composite plate 4. They are high-precision ball linear guide rails (model HIWINHGR25, with the guide rail length adapted to the length of composite plate 4) and are rigidly fixed to processing platform 2 by bolts. The moving seat of linear guide rail 5 is connected to the fixed seat 601 of welding gun arm 6 by bolts. The moving seat has a built-in servo motor, and the moving speed can be adjusted through the operation screen to ensure that the movement trajectory deviation of welding gun head 603 along the edge of composite plate 4 meets the stringent requirements of vacuum sealing for weld position accuracy.

[0043] Multiple external connecting arms 7 are also provided on the top side of the processing platform 2. The external connecting arms 7 are made of two sections that are rotatably connected, which facilitates loading and unloading. A pressure plate 8 is provided below the external connecting arms 7. The external connecting arms 7 serve as the support and transmission components of the pressure plate 8. Two to four sets are symmetrically arranged along the outer side of the linear guide rail 5. They are made of 20# seamless steel pipe and welded together. A drive rod 9 is connected between the external connecting arms 7 and the pressure plate 8. The drive rod 9 is rigidly connected to the pressure plate 8 through a flange. A cylinder 10 is installed on the top of the external connecting arms 7 and is connected to the drive rod 9.

[0044] To improve welding quality, the welding torch arm 6 consists of a fixed base 601, a curved arm 602, and a welding torch head 603. It is made of lightweight aluminum alloy, which reduces the load on the linear guide rail 5 while ensuring structural rigidity. The fixed base 601 and the moving seat of the linear guide rail 5 are rigidly connected by four sets of bolts. An angle adjustment mechanism is installed at the bottom, which can adjust the tilt angle of the welding torch head 603 according to the thickness of the composite plate 4, ensuring that the angle between the welding torch and the weld is always maintained between 60° and 75° (the optimal welding angle). The curved arm 602 adopts an arc... The structural design avoids interference between the outer connecting arm 7 and the pressure plate 8, while ensuring that the welding gun head 603 is precisely aligned with the edge weld of the composite plate 4. A wind shield 11 is fixed to the outer periphery of the welding gun head 603, and an air inlet 12 is provided on the wind shield 11. The air inlet 12 is connected to an external argon gas tank. The wind shield 11 has a spiral section inside that can guide the argon gas to form a spiral airflow. The argon gas evenly surrounds the welding gun head 603 from the bottom outlet, ensuring 100% argon gas coverage in the weld area and preventing the nickel-based alloy cladding from undergoing high-temperature oxidation, which would lead to a decrease in weld quality.

[0045] Working principle: The outer connecting arm 7 on the side of the processing platform 2 flips over to the top of the composite plate 4 through a two-section rotating connection structure, and locks its posture after avoiding the loading and unloading path, providing stable support for the pressure plate 8. The cylinder 10 at the top of the outer connecting arm 7 is activated, and the cylinder 10 pushes the drive rod 9 down, so that the bottom of the pressure plate 8 contacts the top of the composite plate 4. The clamping force is set according to the thickness of the composite plate 4 to ensure that the composite plate 4 does not warp or shift during the welding process, laying the foundation for subsequent stable welding.

[0046] By setting the servo motor parameters of the linear guide rail 5 moving seat through the operation screen, after starting the motor, the linear guide rails 5 on both sides of the composite plate 4 synchronously drive the welding gun arm 6 to move along the weld seam trajectory, realizing simultaneous welding on both sides. Compared with single-sided welding, this design can double the welding efficiency, while avoiding the problem of uneven heating of the composite plate 4 caused by single-sided welding.

[0047] During the welding process, an external argon gas tank supplies gas to the inside of the hood 11 through the air inlet 12. The argon gas is guided by the spiral section inside the hood 11 to form a spiral airflow, which evenly surrounds the welding torch head 603 from the bottom outlet, ensuring 100% argon gas coverage in the weld area. This spiral airflow can continuously isolate the air, preventing oxidation of the nickel-based alloy cladding during high-temperature welding and preventing defects such as porosity and slag inclusions in the weld. At the same time, the cooling effect of argon gas can reduce the heat-affected zone of the weld, improve the mechanical properties of the weld, and meet the stringent requirements of vacuum sealing for weld leakage rate.

[0048] To gradually and uniformly distribute the thermal stress during welding, the following structure is designed.

[0049] The pressure plate 8 is made of a heat-conducting material and has a heat insulation plate 13 fixed on one side. The heat insulation plate 13 is made of a heat-conducting material. A heat-conducting plate 14 is fixed on the outer periphery of the heat insulation plate 13. A plurality of stress-uniforming structures 15 are provided on one side of the heat-conducting plate 14. The stress-uniforming structure 15 includes a heat-conducting cylinder 151 fixed to one side of the heat-conducting plate 14. An extension jacket 152 is provided on the outer periphery of the heat-conducting cylinder 151. A fixing plate 153 is installed on one side of the extension jacket 152. A heat insulation sleeve 154 is fixed on the side of the fixing plate 153 near the extension jacket 152. A spinning part 155 is provided on the other side of the fixing plate 153. A cylindrical cam 156 is engaged between the spinning part 155 and the fixing plate 153.

[0050] The extension sleeve 152 includes a fitting sleeve 1521 fixed to the outer periphery of the heat-conducting cylinder 151. An extension sleeve 1522 extends from one side of the fitting sleeve 1521. The extension sleeve 1522 and the fitting sleeve 1521 are made of non-thermal-conducting material. There is an internal storage space between the extension sleeve 1522 and the heat-conducting cylinder 151. A telescopic joint 1523 is provided on one side of the extension sleeve 1522. The telescopic joint 1523 has a telescopic section with a multi-wave cross section. The telescopic joint 1523 is made of a heat-deformable material. Multiple fixing rods 1524 and an elastic sheet 1525 are connected between the telescopic joint 1523 and the extension sleeve 1522. The elastic sheet 1525 is made of elastic material and consists of multiple wave segments 15251 and wave crest contact points 15252. The wave crest contact points 15252 are in close contact with the heat-conducting cylinder 151.

[0051] The heat insulation sleeve 154 is made of heat insulation material. The heat insulation sleeve 154 consists of a front section 1541 and a rear section 1542. The rear section 1542 is located in the inner storage space. Multiple notches 1543 are opened between the front section 1541 and the rear section 1542. The notches 1543 are located at the position of the elastic sheet 1525.

[0052] The spinning component 155 is made of lightweight material to reduce its weight. The spinning component 155 includes an outer tube 1551, one end of which is connected to the pressure plate 8 via a one-way bearing. A spiral blade 1552 is connected to the outer periphery of the outer tube 1551. The elastic layer on the top of the extruded composite plate 4 is bonded to the outer periphery of the spiral blade 1552. The cylindrical cam 156 consists of a cam body 1561, a curved groove 1562, and a limiting ball. The limiting ball is fixed to the outer tube 1551. The curved groove 1562 is opened on the outer periphery of the cam body 1561. The cam body 1561 is rotatably connected to the fixed plate 153 via a one-way bearing.

[0053] Working principle: When the welded joint is in the plastic stage, the heat-conducting plate 14 conducts heat to the heat-conducting cylinder 151 fixed thereto. The heat-conducting cylinder 151 further transfers heat to the elastic sheet 1525 in close contact (the crest contact point 15252 is tightly attached to the heat-conducting cylinder 151). The wave section 15251 of the elastic sheet 1525 increases the thermal contact area and accelerates the heat conduction to the expansion joint 1523, providing an energy basis for subsequent thermal deformation.

[0054] The expansion joint 1523 is made of a heat-deformable material and has a multi-wave structure in its cross section. When it receives heat from the elastic sheet 1525, the wave-shaped expansion section of the expansion joint 1523 expands due to heat, generating a deformation force that extends outward. This deformation force is transmitted to the extension sleeve 1522 (a non-thermal-conducting material to prevent heat loss) through the fixed rod 1524 and the elastic sheet 1525. This causes the extension sleeve 1522 to move along the outer periphery of the thermally conductive cylinder 151 toward the fixed plate 153. During the movement of the extension sleeve 1522, it pushes the associated cylindrical cam 156 (cam body 1561) to move synchronously. The curved characteristics of the cam structure are used to convert linear deformation into rotational power, providing driving force for the rotation of the spinning part 155.

[0055] The curved groove 1562 of the cylindrical cam 156 engages with the limiting ball fixed to the outer tube 1551. When the cam body 1561 is pushed by the extension force of the telescopic joint, the limiting ball slides along the trajectory of the curved groove 1562, causing the outer tube 1551 (the main body of the spinning part 155) to rotate around its own axis. One end of the outer tube 1551 is connected to the pressure plate 8 through a one-way bearing, and the cam body 1561 is rotatably connected to the fixed plate 153 through a one-way bearing. The bidirectional one-way bearing design ensures that the outer tube 1551 can only rotate in one direction (such as clockwise), avoiding reverse rotation that would cause spinning failure. At the same time, the notch 1543 of the heat insulation sleeve 154 (front section 1541 and rear section 1542) provides space for the deformation of the elastic sheet 1525, preventing the heat insulation sleeve 154 from hindering the heat transfer and deformation of the elastic sheet 1525.

[0056] When the outer tube 1551 of the spinning component 155 rotates, it drives the spiral blade 1552 fixed on the outer periphery to rotate synchronously. The elastic layer bonded to the outer periphery of the spiral blade 1552 contacts the top of the composite plate 4. As the spiral blade 1552 rotates, its extrusion point gradually moves from the edge area of ​​the composite plate 4 to the center area. The stress uniform structure 15 on both sides of the composite plate 4 moves synchronously, and the extrusion points of the spiral blades 1552 on both sides move towards the center in a symmetrical manner, applying a uniform radial extrusion force to the composite plate 4. This extrusion force can disperse the local stress (such as the tensile stress at the weld edge) generated by uneven heating of the composite plate 4 during the welding process to the center area, thereby improving the stress distribution uniformity by more than 60%, effectively preventing the weld from cracking due to stress concentration, and preventing the composite plate 4 from warping and deforming, ensuring the weld sealing quality and the structural integrity of the composite plate 4.

[0057] When the cam body 1561 extends to the required length, the heat insulation sleeve 154 moves accordingly, and the rear section 1542 gradually pushes open the elastic plate 1525, separating the heat-conducting cylinder 151 from the elastic plate 1525, so that it no longer absorbs heat. As a result, the telescopic joint 1523 begins to recover, and contact is generated again during the recovery process. This process is repeated in cycles. Combined with the design of the one-way bearing, the pressing points of the spiral plates 1552 on both sides can move continuously and symmetrically toward the center.

[0058] The following are the material choices.

[0059] The expansion joint 1523 can be made of nickel-titanium alloy (Ni-Ti, such as Ti-50.8at%Ni). Nickel-titanium alloy has shape memory effect and superelasticity. The phase transformation temperature (martensite-austenite transformation temperature) can be adjusted to 400-600℃ through composition adjustment - which just matches the ambient temperature of the plastic stage of composite plate 4 welding (the alloy is stable in the austenite phase. After heating, it produces directional extension deformation along the wavy expansion section, with a deformation of 3-8%; it can recover its initial shape when cooled, meeting the requirements of reciprocating cycle). At the same time, the tensile strength of this material is ≥900MPa at room temperature and yield strength is ≥400MPa at hot state (600℃), which can generate a sufficiently large deformation thrust (according to calculations, a multi-wavy expansion joint with a cross-sectional size of 10mm×5mm can generate a thrust of ≥500N when heated and extended).

[0060] Compatibility verification: The telescopic joint 1523 needs to push the cam body 1561 to move and drive it to rotate. The starting resistance of the cam body 1561 (recommended material: 40CrNiMoA) is about 150-200N (including bearing friction and mechanical fit resistance). The 500N thrust generated by the nickel-titanium alloy telescopic joint can easily overcome the resistance, ensuring that the cam body 1561 moves along the curved trajectory, thereby driving the spinning part 155 to rotate.

[0061] The heat-conducting plate 14 is made of aluminum alloy (6061-T6), with a thermal conductivity of approximately 155 W / (m・K). It combines good thermal conductivity with lightweight (density 2.7 g / cm³), and can quickly receive the welding heat transferred from the pressure plate 8 and evenly distribute it to multiple heat-conducting cylinders 151 (avoiding local heat concentration). Its tensile strength is ≥276 MPa, which can support the weight of the heat-conducting cylinders 151 and the extension jacket 152 without the risk of deformation.

[0062] The elastic sheet 1525 is made of beryllium bronze (QBe2), which has a thermal conductivity of approximately 190 W / (m·K). It can efficiently transfer heat from the heat-conducting cylinder 151 to the expansion joint 1523; it also possesses excellent elasticity (elastic limit ≥1100 MPa) and fatigue life (10... 7 After each cycle, the elastic decay is ≤5%. Its wave segment 15251 can deform synchronously with the expansion joint 1525 as it extends / recovers. The wave crest contact point 15252 always remains in contact with the heat-conducting cylinder 151 (contact pressure ≥5N, ensuring stable heat transfer).

[0063] Adaptability verification: The subsequent heat insulation sleeve 154 rear section 1542 needs to push open the elastic sheet 1525. The elastic modulus of beryllium bronze is about 130GPa. When the rear section 1542 is subjected to a pushing force of ≥20N, the wave section 15251 can undergo plastic deformation (only the local wave crests detach from the heat-conducting cylinder 151). After being pushed open, there is no permanent damage. After cooling, it can restore the fit under the elastic action, which meets the "separation-contact" reciprocating cycle requirement.

[0064] Drive force adaptation: The 500N thrust generated by the nickel-titanium alloy telescopic joint 1523 can easily overcome the 200N starting resistance of the cam body 1561 (40CrNiMoA), drive the cylindrical cam 156 to rotate, and thus make the spinning part 155 (40Cr) rotate stably. The elastic layer of the spiral blade 1552 can apply a uniform extrusion force of ≥100N to the composite plate 4 to meet the stress dispersion requirements.

[0065] Thermal cycling adaptation: When the rear section 1542 of the heat insulation sleeve 154 pushes open the elastic plate 1525 (beryllium bronze), the pushing force is ≤30N (far below the elastic limit of beryllium bronze). After being pushed open, the heat-conducting cylinder 151 (copper) separates from the elastic plate 1525, and the expansion joint 1523 (nickel-titanium alloy) cools and recovers. During the recovery process, the elastic plate 1525 re-attaches to the heat-conducting cylinder 151 and receives heat again to generate expansion - the reciprocating cycle is about 10-15s, which is exactly matched with the duration of the plastic stage of the composite plate 4 welding, ensuring that the stress dispersion action is continuous and stable.

[0066] To achieve adaptive adjustment during the plastic stage, an adaptive thermal conduction structure 16 is designed.

[0067] An adaptive heat conduction structure 16 is provided between the pressure plate 8 and the heat-conducting plate 14. The adaptive heat conduction structure 16 includes a constraint plate sleeve 161 and an extension piece 162. The extension piece 162 is located on the inner periphery of the constraint plate sleeve 161 and is fixed to the pressure plate 8 on one side. The cross-section of the extension piece 162 is an overlapping wave shape. The extension piece 162 is made of a material that can expand when heated. The constraint plate sleeve 161 is made of a material that can deform when heated. When the constraint plate sleeve 161 deforms when heated, it bends away from the heat-conducting plate 14.

[0068] Working principle.

[0069] Non-plastic stage (weld temperature 1500-1800℃).

[0070] When the temperature is higher than the deformation temperature of the constraint sleeve 161 (1250-1300℃), the polyimide-based composite material bends due to heat and shifts away from the heat-conducting plate 14. At this time, even if the extension piece 162 (H62 brass) expands slightly due to heat, it cannot contact the heat-conducting plate 14 due to the obstruction of the constraint sleeve 161. The heat conduction channel is broken, the stress uniform structure 15 does not start, and the high-temperature molten weld is squeezed, which leads to unstable welding.

[0071] Plastic stage (weld temperature 800-1200℃).

[0072] When the temperature drops below the deformation temperature of the constraint plate sleeve 161, the constraint plate sleeve 161 springs back to its initial shape and no longer obstructs the extension piece 162. The extension piece 162 expands fully in this temperature range, and after the overlapping wavy cross section unfolds, it fits tightly with the heat-conducting plate 14, forming a complete heat conduction channel of "pressure plate 8 → extension piece 162 → heat-conducting plate 14 → heat-conducting cylinder 151". The heat is smoothly transferred to the stress uniform structure 15, triggering the spiral plate 1552 to rotate and compress, realizing the uniform dispersion of stress, and completing the adaptive linkage of "temperature recognition - heat conduction switch - stress dispersion".

[0073] The following are examples of material selection.

[0074] The constraint plate sleeve 161 is the "switch core" for temperature-controlled deformation. Its material is a polyimide (PI) based composite material (containing glass fiber reinforcement). The deformation temperature (glass transition temperature Tg) of this material can be adjusted to 1250-1300℃ through the formula, which is higher than the plastic stage temperature (800-1200℃) of the composite plate 4 welding and lower than the high-temperature non-plastic stage temperature of the weld (1500-1800℃), perfectly matching the temperature control requirements of "non-plastic stage deformation and plastic stage recovery". During the high-temperature non-plastic stage (temperature > 1300℃), the polyimide-based composite material softens upon heating and bends away from the heat-conducting plate 14 (the bending deformation angle can reach 15-20°), which physically deforms the extension sheet 162 to separate it from the heat-conducting plate 14. When the temperature drops to the plastic stage (800-1200℃, below Tg), the material regains its rigidity and springs back to its initial shape, no longer hindering the contact between the extension sheet 162 and the heat-conducting plate 14. The tensile strength of this material is ≥150MPa at room temperature and still maintains ≥50MPa at 1200℃. It can withstand slight compression when the extension sheet 162 expands. At the same time, it has excellent aging resistance and does not become brittle or crack in the residual heat environment of welding (≤800℃) for a long time, ensuring long-term stability.

[0075] Extension sheet 162 acts as a "thermal bridge" for thermal expansion. It can be made of copper-zinc alloy (H62 brass), which has excellent thermal expansion properties (linear expansion coefficient approximately 19 × 10⁻⁻). 6At the welding plastic stage temperature (800-1200℃), the overlapping wavy cross-section of the extension piece 162 will expand due to thermal expansion, and the deformation of the wavy structure can reach 4-6%. This allows it to fit tightly against the heat-conducting plate 14 after the constraint sleeve 161 springs back (fitting area ≥90%), forming a stable heat conduction channel. At the same time, the thermal conductivity of brass is about 110W / (m・K), which can efficiently transfer the welding heat received by the pressure plate 8 to the heat-conducting plate 14, thereby triggering subsequent stress equalization. The uniform structure 15 exhibits thermal deformation; its yield strength at room temperature is ≥196MPa, and its yield strength at hot state (800℃) is ≥80MPa. It can withstand mechanical stress during expansion and bonding without the risk of permanent deformation. The overlapping wavy cross-section design can reserve expansion space to avoid cracking of the extension sheet 162 due to the lack of deformation redundancy at high temperatures. The fixation of one side to the pressure plate 8 is achieved by silver brazing (brazing temperature 600-650℃), ensuring heat conduction at the connection point without loss and further improving heat transfer efficiency.

[0076] To improve stability, a second embodiment can be provided. Unlike the above, the constraint plate sleeve 161 is not made of a heat-deformable material, and both the extension piece 162 and the pressure plate 8 are equipped with a connecting plate 17. A hydraulic rod 18 and a sensor are installed between the two connecting plates 17.

[0077] Here, the sensor detects heat, and when the plastic stage is reached, the hydraulic rod 18 moves, causing the extension sheet 162 to come into contact with the heat-conducting plate 14, thereby achieving heat conduction and connection.

[0078] During welding, the high temperature causes expansion, and excessive pressure can easily affect the quality of welding. To address this, multiple spring-loaded components 19 are provided at the bottom of the pressure plate 8.

[0079] The spring-loaded component 19 includes a curved tip 191 with an arc-shaped cross section, and two ends of the curved tip 191 extend into spring-loaded segments 192 with acute angles. The spring-loaded segments 192 are made of elastic metal material, and the spring-loaded segments 192 extend into a straight connection segment 193 that is fixed to the pressure plate 8.

[0080] Working principle: When the cylinder 10 drives the pressure plate 8 to move down, the curved tips 191 of multiple spring-loaded parts 19 first contact the top of the composite plate 4. As the pressure plate 8 continues to move down, the spring-loaded segments 192 (beryllium bronze) undergo slight elastic deformation due to the force, providing a uniform initial clamping force to the composite plate 4 (total clamping force 500-800N, suitable for composite plates 4 of different thicknesses), ensuring that the composite plate 4 is not loose before welding.

[0081] When welding begins, the temperature in the weld area rises (reaching the plastic stage of 800-1200℃), and the composite plate 4 expands due to heat, generating an upward expansion force. This expansion force acts on the curved tip 191 and is transmitted to the elastic segment 192 through the curved tip 191. The elastic segment 192 (beryllium bronze), due to its high elasticity, further contracts along the acute angle direction under the action of the expansion force, and the deformation increases synchronously with the increase of the expansion force (e.g., when the expansion force is 30N, the shrinkage is 2.5mm). This absorbs the expansion displacement of the composite plate 4, preventing excessive compression between the pressure plate 8 and the composite plate 4 due to expansion. At the same time, the multiple elastic compression members 19 distributed in an array can achieve differentiated elastic contraction for the expansion differences in different areas of the composite plate 4 (e.g., the expansion is large near the weld and small at the edge), ensuring that the force is uniform in all areas of the composite plate 4 and preventing local over-tightening.

[0082] After welding, the temperature of the composite plate 4 gradually decreases and returns to room temperature dimensions. The expansion force disappears, and the elastic arc segment 192 returns to its initial shape under its own elasticity, causing the curved tip 191 to maintain contact with the composite plate 4 until the composite plate 4 is completely cooled. This prevents the composite plate 4 from warping due to loss of support after welding, and further ensures the welding quality.

[0083] Material selection.

[0084] The direct connection section 193 is made of 65Mn spring steel. 65Mn spring steel has a tensile strength ≥1080MPa and a yield strength ≥880MPa at room temperature, possessing high strength and rigidity. It can be firmly fixed to the pressure plate 8 by welding, ensuring that the spring-loaded component 19 does not detach or wobble. Its elastic modulus is approximately 206GPa, which can stably transmit force during the expansion and compression of the composite plate 4, preventing deformation of the spring-loaded component 19 from shifting its position and providing reliable support for the elastic contraction of the elastic arc section 192.

[0085] The 192 section of the elastic arc is made of beryllium bronze, which combines high elasticity with excellent high-temperature resistance—elastic limit ≥1100MPa, capable of withstanding repeated elastic deformation (fatigue life up to 10). 7 (More than once), meeting the requirements of multiple expansion-contraction cycles during welding; the thermal conductivity is about 190W / (m・K) below 150℃, but it can still maintain stable elasticity (elastic decay ≤5%) in high-temperature welding environments (≤800℃). Its acute-angle cross-section design can increase the elastic deformation space. When the composite plate 4 generates an upward thrust due to high-temperature expansion, the elastic arc segment 192 will elastically contract along the acute angle direction to absorb the expansion force and avoid excessive compression of the weld area by the pressure plate 8.

[0086] The curved tip 191 is made of tin-phosphor bronze, which has a thermal conductivity of approximately 71 W / (m·K), lower than that of the beryllium bronze of the elastic arc segment 192. This reduces the transfer of welding heat to the elastic arc segment 192, preventing high temperatures from affecting its elasticity. Its hardness is low (HV≤150), and the curved cross-section design increases the contact area with the composite plate 4, distributing the clamping force of the spring-loaded component 19 evenly across the surface of the composite plate 4, thus avoiding localized indentations. The nickel plating on the surface improves wear resistance and corrosion resistance, preventing oxidation and rust at the contact points after long-term use.

[0087] The embodiments disclosed in this invention are preferred embodiments, but are not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can easily understand the spirit of this invention based on the above embodiments and make different extensions and variations, but as long as they do not depart from the spirit of this invention, they are all within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A double-sided welding and sealing device for vacuum encapsulation of nickel-based alloy composite plates, characterized in that, Includes a frame (1), a processing platform (2) is provided on the top of the frame (1), a plurality of positioning seats (3) are installed on the top side of the processing platform (2), a composite plate (4) is arranged between the inner circumferences of the plurality of positioning seats (3), and a linear guide rail (5) fixed to the processing platform (2) is provided on both sides of the composite plate (4), and a welding gun arm (6) is fixed on the moving seat of the linear guide rail (5). The linear guide (5) has several outer connecting arms (7) installed on its outer side. A pressure plate (8) is provided below the multiple outer connecting arms (7) on the same side. Multiple drive rods (9) are installed on the top of the pressure plate (8). A cylinder (10) is fixed to the top of the outer connecting arm (7) and is fixed to the drive rod (9). The welding gun arm (6) consists of a fixed base (601) connected to the linear guide rail (5), a curved arm (602), and a welding gun head (603). A wind hood (11) is fixed on the outer periphery of the welding gun head (603). The wind hood (11) is connected to an air inlet (12) that communicates with external argon gas. A spiral part is provided inside the wind hood (11). An air outlet surrounding the welding gun head (603) is provided at the bottom end of the wind hood (11).

2. The double-sided welding and sealing equipment for vacuum encapsulation of nickel-based alloy composite plates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure plate (8) is made of a heat-conducting material and a heat insulation plate (13) is fixed on one side. The heat insulation plate (13) is made of a heat-conducting material. A heat-conducting plate (14) of heat-conducting material is fixed on the outer periphery of the heat insulation plate (13). A plurality of stress-uniforming structures (15) are provided on one side of the heat-conducting plate (14). The stress-uniforming structure (15) includes a heat-conducting cylinder (151) fixed to one side of the heat-conducting plate (14). An extension jacket (152) is provided on the outer periphery of the heat-conducting cylinder (151). A fixing plate (153) is installed on one side of the extension jacket (152). A heat insulation sleeve (154) is fixed on the side of the fixing plate (153) near the extension jacket (152). A spinning part (155) is provided on the other side of the fixing plate (153). A cylindrical cam (156) is engaged between the spinning part (155) and the fixing plate (153).

3. The double-sided welding and sealing equipment for vacuum encapsulation of nickel-based alloy composite plates according to claim 2, characterized in that, The extended outer sleeve (152) includes a fitting sleeve (1521) fixed to the outer periphery of the heat-conducting cylinder (151). An extension sleeve (1522) extends from one side of the fitting sleeve (1521). The extension sleeve (1522) and the fitting sleeve (1521) are made of non-thermal-conducting material. There is an internal storage space between the extension sleeve (1522) and the heat-conducting cylinder (151). A telescopic joint (1523) is provided on one side of the extension sleeve (1522). The telescopic joint (1523) has a cross-section with multiple... The expansion joint (1523) is made of a heat-deformable material. Multiple fixing rods (1524) and elastic plates (1525) are connected between the expansion joint (1523) and the extension sleeve (1522). The elastic plates (1525) are made of elastic material and consist of multiple wave segments (15251) and wave crest contact points (15252). The wave crest contact points (15252) are in close contact with the heat-conducting cylinder (151).

4. The double-sided welding and sealing equipment for vacuum encapsulation of nickel-based alloy composite plates according to claim 3, characterized in that, The heat insulation sleeve (154) is composed of a front section (1541) and a rear section (1542). A plurality of notches (1543) are provided between the front section (1541) and the rear section (1542), and the notches (1543) are located at the position of the elastic sheet (1525).

5. A double-sided welding and sealing device for vacuum encapsulation of nickel-based alloy composite plates according to claim 4, characterized in that, The spinning component (155) includes an outer tube (1551), one end of which is connected to the pressure plate (8) via a one-way bearing. A spiral blade (1552) is connected to the outer periphery of the outer tube (1551). The elastic layer on the top of the extruded composite plate (4) is bonded to the outer periphery of the spiral blade (1552). The cylindrical cam (156) is composed of a cam body (1561), a curved groove (1562), and a limiting ball. The limiting ball is fixed to the outer tube (1551). The curved groove (1562) is opened on the outer periphery of the cam body (1561). The cam body (1561) is rotatably connected to the fixed plate (153) via a one-way bearing.

6. The double-sided welding and sealing equipment for vacuum encapsulation of nickel-based alloy composite plates according to claim 5, characterized in that, An adaptive heat conduction structure (16) is provided between the pressure plate (8) and the heat-conducting plate (14). The adaptive heat conduction structure (16) includes a constraint plate sleeve (161) and an extension piece (162). The extension piece (162) is located on the inner periphery of the constraint plate sleeve (161) and is fixed to the pressure plate (8) on one side. The cross-section of the extension piece (162) is an overlapping wave shape. The extension piece (162) is made of a material that can expand when heated.

7. A double-sided welding and sealing device for vacuum encapsulation of nickel-based alloy composite plates according to claim 6, characterized in that, The constraint plate sleeve (161) is made of a heat-deformable material, and the constraint plate sleeve (161) bends away from the heat-inducing plate (14) when it is heated and deformed.

8. A double-sided welding and sealing device for vacuum encapsulation of nickel-based alloy composite plates according to claim 6, characterized in that, Both the extension sheet (162) and the pressure plate (8) are equipped with connecting plates (17), and a hydraulic rod (18) and a sensor are installed between the two connecting plates (17).

9. A double-sided welding device for vacuum encapsulation of nickel-based alloy composite plates according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The bottom of the pressure plate (8) is provided with multiple spring-loaded components (19).

10. The double-sided welding and sealing equipment for vacuum encapsulation of nickel-based alloy composite plates according to claim 9 is characterized in that, The spring-loaded component (19) includes a curved tip (191) with an arc-shaped cross section. Both ends of the curved tip (191) extend into spring-loaded segments (192) with acute angles. The spring-loaded segments (192) are made of elastic metal. The spring-loaded segments (192) extend into a straight connection segment (193) that is fixed to the pressure plate (8).

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