Portable hole quality rapid detection device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a portable hole quality rapid detection device and method, the portable hole quality rapid detection device comprises a handle (101) and a connecting rod clamping mechanism which is pressed downwards through the handle to expand in the circumferential direction, and the clamping mechanism is used for clamping and loosening a hole to be detected in the radial direction; the lifting rotating structure is mounted at the bottom of the center of the centering connecting rod structure; the industrial camera and the laser displacement sensor are fixed at the free end and synchronously lift and rotate in the hole to be detected along with the free end so as to complete the surface defect identification and size precision measurement of the inner wall of the hole; and the visual screen is used for displaying measurement parameters and data in real time. The device can realize high-precision detection of inner wall circumference dimension precision and surface quality of holes with different depths, is high in detection efficiency, and has the characteristics of light weight and portability.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of mechanical processing detection, and particularly relates to rapid switching detection and high-precision detection of surface quality of multi-aperture and multi-depth holes. BACKGROUND

[0002] Hole processing is a key process in mechanical manufacturing, and the size precision (aperture, roundness, position degree, etc.) and surface quality (roughness, damage, etc.) directly affect the performance and service life of parts. The existing detection device has low automation, single sensor, low efficiency, insufficient precision and other problems, and is prone to collision and poor stability when detecting the inner wall of a deep hole or a special-shaped hole, which is difficult to meet the needs of modern manufacturing. Therefore, in order to ensure the size precision and surface quality of multi-aperture and multi-depth hole processing, a high-precision and fully-automatic hole detection device is currently needed to realize rapid switching detection and high-precision detection of multi-aperture and multi-depth holes. SUMMARY

[0003] The main purpose of the application is to provide a portable hole quality rapid detection device and method, which realizes high-precision detection of the circumferential size precision and surface quality of the inner wall of holes of different depths, and further improves the detection efficiency of processed holes.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the application is: A portable hole quality rapid detection device, comprising: a centering connecting rod structure (1) comprising a handle (101) and a clamping mechanism that is relaxed in circumference by being pressed down through the handle (101), the clamping mechanism being used for radial clamping and releasing of a hole (6) to be detected; a lifting and rotating structure (2) installed at the center bottom of the centering connecting rod structure (1) and having a free end that can be lifted and rotated; an industrial camera (3) and a laser displacement sensor (5) symmetrically fixed to the free end through a sensor support (4) and synchronously lifted and rotated in the hole (6) to be detected with the free end to complete the identification of surface defects and the measurement of size precision of the inner wall of the hole; and a visual screen (7) provided on the upper cover plate (102) of the centering connecting rod structure (1) and used for real-time display of measurement parameters and data.

[0005] In the technical scheme, the centering connecting rod structure (1) comprises six clamping centering plates (103) which are horizontally connected in series and surround a center horizontal plate to form a hexahedral cavity; six double-end connecting rods (106) which are hingedly connected to lower edges of the corresponding clamping centering plates (103) through rotating pins (105); six L-shaped lower connecting rods (107) which are hingedly connected to the other ends of the corresponding double-end connecting rods (106) through rotating pins (105) and have clamping claw portions formed at horizontally inward buckling ends; six centering connecting rod guide columns (114) which are vertically arranged in the center of the hexahedral cavity and are used for guiding radial movement of the clamping claw portions; a guide rail fixing plate (112) which is fixed to lower ends of the centering connecting rod guide columns (114); a guide rail (111) and a sliding block (109), the guide rail (111) is fixed to the guide rail fixing plate (112), and the sliding block (109) is fixed to the horizontally inward buckling end of the L-shaped lower connecting rod (107), so that the clamping claw portion slides along the guide rail (111) in a radial direction; and a spring (110) which is sleeved on the centering connecting rod guide column (114) and abuts between the clamping centering plate (103) and the guide rail fixing plate (112) to provide an automatic reset clamping force.

[0006] In the technical scheme, the centering connecting rod structure (1) further comprises locking screws (104) which are rotatably arranged on two opposite clamping centering plates (103) and are used for tightly pressing the corresponding centering connecting rod guide columns (114) to lock a clamping state.

[0007] In the technical scheme, the horizontally inward buckling end of the L-shaped lower connecting rod (107) is provided with a positioning hole, and a centering pin (108) is adjustably arranged in the positioning hole and is used for being in contact with an inner wall of the to-be-detected hole (6) to be positioned.

[0008] In the technical scheme, the double-end connecting rod (106) and the L-shaped lower connecting rod (107) are replaceable modular components, and the mounting hole of the centering pin (108) on the L-shaped lower connecting rod (107) is adjustable in a radial direction to adapt to different hole diameters.

[0009] In the technical scheme, the lifting-rotating structure (2) comprises: a lifting motor (211) fixed to the large gear fixing plate (113); a lead screw (208) coaxially connected with an output shaft of the lifting motor (211); a ball nut (206) threadedly matched with the lead screw (208); a lifting guide column (204) fixed to the large gear fixing plate (113) and penetrating through the ball nut (206) to prevent the ball nut (206) from rotating; a slewing bearing inner ring (205) fixedly connected with the ball nut (206) and lifting along with the ball nut (206); a rotary motor (201) fixed to the slewing bearing inner ring (205); a pinion (202) connected with an output shaft of the rotary motor (201); a large gear (209) rotatably arranged at an outer periphery of the slewing bearing inner ring (205) and meshed with the pinion (202); a slewing bearing outer ring (207) fixedly connected with the large gear (209) and rotating along with the large gear (209) and synchronously lifting along with the slewing bearing inner ring (205); and a rotary guide column (203) fixed to the large gear (209) and rotating along with the large gear (209) and used for transmitting torque to the sensor support (4).

[0010] In the technical scheme, the handle (101) is integrally formed in a "∩" shape.

[0011] In the technical scheme, two ends of the handle (101) extend downward to form pressing arms; the pressing arms penetrate through the upper cover plate (102) and are movably or slidably hinged above the clamping centering plate (103) to form a lever type or sliding type pressing mechanism; in a natural state, the handle (101) is horizontally upward, and the whole device can be lifted by one hand; when the handle (101) is pressed downward, the pressing arms synchronously push the clamping centering plate (103) downward through lever action, so that the double-head connecting rod (106) and the L-shaped lower connecting rod (107) are changed from the converging clamping state to the radial relaxation state, and the portable handle and the quick clamping function of "one handle with two functions" are realized.

[0012] In the technical scheme, the sensor support (4) is two and symmetrically fixed to the slewing bearing outer ring (207) at an angle of 180°, and the industrial camera (3) and the laser displacement sensor (5) are respectively installed on the two sensor supports (4) to realize synchronous detection of the same circumferential section.

[0013] In the technical scheme, the upper cover plate (102) of the centering connecting rod structure (1) is provided with the handle (101) above the upper cover plate (102), which is used for manually moving the whole device and driving the double-head connecting rod (106) and the L-shaped lower connecting rod (107) to switch between the clamping state and the relaxation state through pressing / releasing action.

[0014] In the technical solution, the spring (110) keeps the double-end connecting rod (106) and the L-shaped lower connecting rod (107) in the aggregated clamping state in the free state; when the handle (101) is pressed, the spring (110) is compressed, the L-shaped lower connecting rod (107) slides outward along the guide rail (111) to form a relaxation state, and after the handle (101) is released, the spring (110) is automatically reset and drives the clamping jaw part to clamp the hole (6) to be detected.

[0015] In the technical solution, the industrial camera (3) and the laser displacement sensor (5) communicate with the visual screen (7) through a wired or wireless manner, and output the aperture value, the defect image and the roughness parameter in real time, so that the hole quality is quickly judged on site.

[0016] A portable hole quality rapid detection method is executed based on the detection device in any one of the above, and includes the following steps: the handle (101) is pressed to make the centering connecting rod structure (1) clamping mechanism relax radially; after the device is placed in the hole (6) to be detected, the handle (101) is released, the vertical guide compression spring of the clamping mechanism is passively reset, and the horizontal direction sliding mechanism centering pin (108) is driven to clamp the inner wall of the hole; the lifting and rotating structure (2) is started, the industrial camera (3) and the laser displacement sensor (5) are passively completed lifting and rotating movement with the lifting and rotating structure, and the hole inner wall image and size data are synchronously collected; the collected data are transmitted to the visual screen (7), and the hole quality parameters are displayed and output in real time.

[0017] In summary, the centering connecting rod structure is used for positioning and clamping the hole to be detected, accurate positioning of the hole is realized, and deformation of the hole end during clamping is prevented to affect measurement. In the hole clamping force state, the lifting and rotating structure controls the lifting and rotating movement of the laser displacement sensor and the industrial camera.

[0018] The present application has the following advantages: The present application belongs to a full-automatic portable hole detection device based on cooperative measurement of a laser displacement sensor and an industrial camera, and through an integrated structure of a centering connecting rod structure, a lifting and rotating structure, an industrial camera, a laser displacement sensor, a sensor support and a visual screen, high-precision detection of the circumferential size precision and surface quality of the inner wall of a hole with different depths can be realized, the detection efficiency is high, and the device has the characteristics of light weight and portability.

[0019] The centering connecting rod structure adopts a spring-guide-rail-slider self-resetting mechanism, and the handle can be pressed and released to realize automatic centering and clamping of the hole, the time-consuming alignment of a traditional three-jaw chuck is saved, the clamping efficiency is improved by 3-5 times, the clamping force is determined by the spring stiffness, deformation of a thin-walled hole can be avoided, and the measurement reference is stable.

[0020] The existing inner hole detection needs to carry large equipment by multiple people, and manual alignment and clamping, which leads to the problem that the device cannot be quickly used on site. The device is provided with a handle and a lifting handle, and a spring self-resetting clamping function is achieved. A single person can complete clamping within 5 seconds, and the problems of carrying and alignment are solved.

[0021] The handle is used as a lifting handle and a pressing clamping device. In a natural state, the lifting handle of the handle (101) is horizontally upward, and the whole device can be lifted by one hand. When the handle (101) is pressed downward, the pressing arm synchronously pushes the clamping centering plate (103) downward through lever action, so that the double-head connecting rod (106) and the L-shaped lower connecting rod (107) change from the aggregated clamping state to the radial relaxation state, and the portable lifting handle and the rapid clamping function are realized.

[0022] The traditional segmented photographing or contact type gauge has low efficiency and is easy to miss detection. The present application can complete full hole depth and full circumference non-blind area measurement through passive lifting-rotating synchronous scanning, and the detection time is reduced from hours to minutes.

[0023] In the existing detection, visual and size measurement are carried out in steps, the reference is not unified, and the error is large. The industrial camera and the laser displacement sensor are fixed on the bracket in a 180° symmetrical manner, and are passively and synchronously collected. The same clock is used to fuse images and size data, and the comprehensive accuracy is improved to ±5 µm, so that the problem of cumulative error of segmented measurement is solved.

[0024] In the existing detection, the thin-walled hole or the aluminum-magnesium alloy hole is easy to deform due to clamping. The spring-rail-slide mechanism provides constant and adjustable elastic clamping force, avoids overpressure deformation of the rigid clamping jaw, and ensures that the measurement reference is real and reliable.

[0025] In the existing detection, the hole diameter needs to be replaced with a complete set of clamps, and the cost is high. The modular connecting rod and the adjustable centering pin design make the same device passively adapt to a φ30-300 mm range of hole diameters, without the need for additional clamps, and significantly reduce spare parts and line change costs.

[0026] In the existing detection, there is no power supply on site or it is not possible to carry a computer. The weight of the whole machine is less than 5 kg, the handle can be used as a lifting handle, battery power is provided, the screen is integrally embedded, the measurement results are passively and real-time displayed, and the "hand-held pressing measurement" is realized on the spot, in the air and on the production line.

[0027] The lifting-rotating structure integrates the "screw-ball nut" linear motion and the "pinion-gear" rotary motion on the same rotary bearing. The industrial camera and the laser displacement sensor are arranged in a 180° symmetrical manner. Full hole depth and full circumference non-blind area scanning can be completed at one time, and the detection speed is increased by more than 8 times compared with the conventional segmented photographing method.

[0028] The industrial camera is synchronously collected with the laser displacement sensor, image information and size data are fused under the same clock, five types of parameters of aperture, roundness, cylindricity, surface defect and roughness can be output at one time, cumulative error caused by step-by-step detection of "vision + gauge" is avoided, and comprehensive measurement accuracy is improved to ±5 µm.

[0029] The visual screen is directly embedded in the upper cover plate, measurement results are displayed in real time in graphics, on-site operators can judge scrap / optimization without external computer, "measurement and judgment at the same time" is realized, production rhythm is greatly shortened, and the portable hole quality detection device is particularly suitable for line side and field maintenance scenes.

[0030] The double-end connecting rod, the L-shaped lower connecting rod and the centering pin adopt a replaceable modular design, and are adapted to a range of hole diameters of φ30-φ300 mm through radial adjustable hole positions, so that additional customized clamps are not needed, and equipment cost and spare parts inventory are significantly reduced.

[0031] The whole device weighs less than 5 kg, the handle serves as a carrying handle, and a single person can complete the whole process of carrying, clamping and measuring, so that "handheld" on-site rapid detection is truly realized, and the pain point that a large coordinate measuring machine or an internal diameter gauge cannot be carried is solved.

[0032] The centering connecting rod structure in the application realizes opening and clamping of the centering connecting rod structure through the connecting structure between the clamping and centering upper plate, the double-end connecting rod, the L-shaped lower connecting rod, the sliding block, the guide rail, the guide rail fixing plate, the centering connecting rod guide column and the locking screw, and the elastic force after elastic deformation of the spring is utilized to automatically restore the centering connecting rod structure to the clamped state after the hole to be detected is put in or taken out, so that accurate positioning of the hole to be detected is realized.

[0033] The lifting and rotating structure in the application realizes cooperative control of lifting and rotating of the sensor through the connecting structure between the lifting motor, the rotating motor, the lead screw, the gear, the ball nut, the slewing bearing, the lifting guide column and the rotating guide column, and is suitable for rapid detection of holes of various depths.

[0034] The application uses the industrial camera and the laser displacement sensor to cooperatively detect the size precision and surface quality of the inner wall of the hole, measurement data are more comprehensive, and comprehensive improvement of hole detection precision, efficiency and reliability is realized.

[0035] The double-end connecting rod and the L-shaped lower connecting rod in the application can be replaced by accessories of different sizes, meanwhile, the hole position of the centering pin on the L-shaped lower connecting rod is adjustable, holes of various sizes can be matched, the application range is wide, and the application is beneficial to promotion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0036] The application will be further described below in combination with the drawings and examples, and the drawings are as follows: Figure 1 It is a whole structure schematic diagram of the portable hole quality detection device.

[0037] Figure 2 The detection state schematic diagram of the portable hole quality detection device of the present application.

[0038] Figure 3 The centering connecting rod structure schematic diagram of the portable hole quality detection device of the present application.

[0039] Figure 4 The locking screw locking the centering connecting rod guide column structure schematic diagram of the centering connecting rod structure (in front of the pressing handle 101).

[0040] Figure 5 The locking screw locking the centering connecting rod guide column structure schematic diagram of the centering connecting rod structure (behind the pressing handle 101).

[0041] Figure 6 The transmission structure arrangement schematic diagram of the portable hole quality detection device of the present application (after removing the upper cover plate, the top view).

[0042] Figure 7 The lifting and rotating structure schematic diagram of the portable hole quality detection device of the present application.

[0043] Figure 8 The L-shaped lower connecting rod structure schematic diagram of the portable hole quality detection device of the present application.

[0044] Figure 9 The first working state schematic diagram of the portable hole quality detection device of the present application.

[0045] Figure 10 The second working state schematic diagram of the portable hole quality detection device of the present application.

[0046] Figure 11 The detection state schematic diagram of the portable hole quality detection device of the present application.

[0047] Fig. 1: centering link structure; 101: handle; 102: upper cover plate; 103: clamping centering upper plate; 104: locking screw; 105: rotating pin; 106: double-headed link; 107: L-shaped lower link; 108: centering pin; 109: sliding block; 110: spring; 111: guide rail; 112: guide rail fixing plate; 113: large gear fixing plate; 114: centering link guide column; 2: lifting and rotating structure; 201: rotating motor; 202: pinion; 203: rotating guide column; 204: lifting guide column; 205: rotary bearing inner ring; 206: ball nut; 207: rotary bearing outer ring; 208: lead screw; 209: large gear; 210: large gear lower fixing plate; 211: lifting motor; 3: industrial camera; 4: sensor support; 5: laser displacement sensor; 6: hole to be detected; 7: visualization screen. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are only used to explain the present application and do not limit the present application.

[0049] Example 1 This example proposes a portable hole quality rapid detection device, as shown in Figures 1-11 The detection device includes a centering link structure 1, a lifting and rotating structure 2, an industrial camera 3, a laser displacement sensor 5, and a visualization screen 7. The centering link structure 1 is used for clamping and releasing the hole to be detected. The bottom center of the centering link structure 1 is installed with the lifting and rotating structure 2, which is the movement mechanism of the hole inner detection device. The industrial camera 3 and the laser displacement sensor 5 are respectively installed on the free end or the bottom end of the lifting and rotating structure 2. The industrial camera 3 is used for accurately identifying various surface defects of the inner wall of the hole. The laser displacement sensor 5 is used for quickly obtaining the dimensional accuracy of the inner wall of the hole. The industrial camera 3 and the laser displacement sensor 5 are installed on the lifting and rotating structure through the sensor support 4, and are lifted and rotated with the lifting and rotating structure 2, driving the industrial camera and the laser displacement sensor to perform circumferential scanning in the deep hole.

[0050] The centering link structure 1 is used for positioning and clamping the hole 6 to be detected. The centering link structure 1 further comprises a handle 101 and an upper cover plate 102. The upper cover plate 102 is fixed on a clamping centering plate 103, and the handle 101 is fixed on the upper cover plate 102. When the portable hole rapid detection device of the embodiment is clamped on the hole 6 to be detected, pressing or releasing the handle 101 controls the radial expansion or contraction movement of the centering link structure 1. The handle 101 can be used to move the device as a whole. A visualization screen 7 is arranged on the upper cover plate 102 for visual display of measurement parameters and data.

[0051] Figure 2 The detection state diagram of the portable hole detection device provided in the embodiment is shown. The hole diameter size of the hole 6 to be detected is smaller than the limit accommodation size of the centering link structure 1 in the fully relaxed state.

[0052] The centering link structure 1 comprises the clamping centering plate 103, two locking screws 104, twelve rotating pin shafts 105, six double-headed links 106, six L-shaped lower links 107, six centering pins 108, six sliding blocks 109, four springs 110, six guide rails 111, a guide rail fixing plate 112, and four centering link guide columns 114.

[0053] The centering link structure 1 is used for positioning and clamping the hole to be detected, realizing accurate positioning of the hole and preventing deformation of the hole end during clamping from affecting measurement. In the hole clamping force state, the lifting and rotating structure controls the lifting and rotating movement of the laser displacement sensor and the industrial camera, realizes high-precision detection of the circumferential size precision and surface quality of the inner wall of the hole at different depths, and further improves the detection efficiency of the processed hole.

[0054] The centering link structure 1 further comprises a large gear fixing plate 113. The large gear fixing plate 113 fixes the lifting and rotating structure 2.

[0055] The upper part of the centering link structure 1 is formed by horizontally splicing and surrounding the horizontal plates of the six clamping centering plates 103 to connect the center to form a hexahedral cavity (as shown in Figure 4 Each clamping centering plate 103 is vertically arranged, and each clamping centering plate 103 is hingedly connected (through the rotating pin shaft 105) to one end of the double-headed link 106 below the lower edge of the plate surface. The other end of the double-headed link 106 is hingedly connected to the vertical upper end of an internally buckled L-shaped lower link 107 through the rotating pin shaft 105 to form a clamping jaw part.

[0056] The twelve rotating pin shafts 105 are connected between the six double-headed links 106 and between the six double-headed links 106 and the six L-shaped lower links 107. The link structure on both sides of the rotating pin shaft 105 can rotate around the shaft axis of the rotating pin shaft 105.

[0057] The positioning hole is arranged on the bottom surface of the horizontal direction inner buckling end of the L-shaped lower connecting rod 107.

[0058] Correspondingly, a plurality of positioning holes are arranged on the central horizontal plate surrounded by the clamping centering plate 103 for positioning the vertical centering connecting rod guide column 114 (6 centering connecting rod guide columns 114 are arranged in the embodiment, and 6 centering pins 108 are respectively installed in the positioning holes of the 6 L-shaped lower connecting rods 107 to fix the centering connecting rod guide column 114 from the bottom.

[0059] The spring 110 is installed on the centering connecting rod guide column 114, and the upper and lower ends thereof are respectively connected to the central horizontal plate of the clamping centering plate 103 and the guide rail fixed plate 112, that is, the spring 110 is installed between the clamping centering plate 103 and the guide rail fixed plate 112 and is sleeved on the centering connecting rod guide column 114.

[0060] The sliding block 109 is fixed on the L-shaped lower connecting rod 107 and can drive the horizontal direction inner buckling end of the L-shaped lower connecting rod 107 to slide on the guide rail 111. The guide rail 111 is fixed on the guide rail fixed plate 112. The guide rail fixed plate 112 is fixed on the centering connecting rod guide column 114 and is located below the spring 110 to abut against the spring 110 (accumulation force setting).

[0061] When the double-headed connecting rod 106 and the L-shaped lower connecting rod 107 are radially expanded or contracted, the spring 110 ensures the horizontal reciprocating movement of the horizontal direction inner buckling end of the L-shaped lower connecting rod 107 through compression deformation and elastic reset to clamp or loosen. The clamping precision, stability and safety can be adjusted according to the spring force.

[0062] The centering connecting rod guide column 114 is installed in the positioning hole of the central horizontal plate of the upper clamping centering plate 103 and is fixedly connected with the lower guide rail fixed plate 112.

[0063] The clamping centering upper plate and the double-headed connecting rod and the L-shaped lower connecting rod are connected through the centering pin respectively. The structure on both sides of the pin can rotate around the pin shaft of the centering pin.

[0064] The double-headed connecting rod and the L-shaped lower connecting rod can be replaced by accessories of different sizes, and the hole position of the centering pin on the L-shaped lower connecting rod can be adjusted to be suitable for detection of more sizes of holes. The sliding block is fixed on the L-shaped lower connecting rod and can slide on the guide rail. The spring is installed between the clamping centering upper plate and the guide rail fixed plate. When the double-headed connecting rod and the L-shaped lower connecting rod are radially expanded or contracted, the spring ensures the clamping precision, stability and safety through compression deformation and elastic reset.

[0065] As Figures 3-5As shown, one locking screw 104 is arranged on each of the two oppositely arranged clamping and centering plates 103; when the locking screw 104 is screwed inward from the clamping and centering plate 103, it moves inward to lock the corresponding adjacent side centering connecting rod guide column 114, thereby achieving the locking function of the centering connecting rod structure 1. The guide column 114 and the lower fixed plate of the gear are arranged at intervals.

[0066] When the pressing handle 101 is pressed forward and backward, the position of the connecting rod guide column 114 relative to the center plate of the clamping and centering plate 103 changes.

[0067] It should be noted that the double-end connecting rod 106 and the L-shaped lower connecting rod 107 of the embodiment can be replaced by accessories of different sizes, and the hole position of the centering pin 108 on the L-shaped lower connecting rod 107 can be adjusted to adapt to more sizes of holes, such as Figure 6 As shown.

[0068] The lifting and rotating structure 2 is arranged at the center of the hexahedral cavity surrounded by the six clamping claws, and is used to drive the industrial camera 3 and the laser displacement sensor 5 at the bottom of the lifting and rotating structure 2 to lift and rotate.

[0069] The free end (bottom end) of the lifting and rotating structure 2 is provided with a sensor support 4, and the industrial camera 3 and the laser displacement sensor 5 are arranged on the sensor support 4.

[0070] The lifting and rotating structure 2 is used to control the lifting and rotating movement of the industrial camera 3 and the laser displacement sensor 5; the industrial camera 3 and the laser displacement sensor 5 are used to detect the circumferential size precision and surface quality of the inner wall of the hole 6 at different depths.

[0071] In the embodiment, the lifting and rotating structure 2 includes a lifting guide column 204, a slewing bearing inner ring 205, a ball nut 206, a lead screw 208, and a lifting motor 211. The lifting motor 211 drives the lead screw 208 to rotate; the ball nut 206 is threadedly connected with the lead screw 208. The lifting guide column 204 is fixed on the lower fixed plate 113 of the gear, and the slewing bearing inner ring 205 is fixed with the ball nut 206, which rises or falls along the lifting guide column 204 when the lead screw 208 rotates.

[0072] The lifting and rotating structure 2 further includes a rotating motor 201, a pinion 202, a rotating guide column 203, a slewing bearing outer ring 207, and a gear 209. The rotating motor 201 drives the pinion 202 to rotate, and the pinion 202 drives the gear 209 to rotate. The rotating guide column 203 is fixed on the gear 209 and rotates with the gear 209. The slewing bearing outer ring 207 rotates with the rotating guide column 203, and at the same time, rises or falls along the rotating guide column 203 with the slewing bearing inner ring 205.

[0073] In the embodiment, the two sensor supports 4 are symmetrically distributed at 180° and are fixed on the outer ring 207 of the rotary support by bolts. The industrial camera 3 and the laser displacement sensor 5 are respectively installed on the two sensor supports 4, synchronously collect the surface image and size information of the inner wall of the hole, and output the parameters such as aperture, defect and roughness on the visual screen 7 through software processing.

[0074] The clamping and opening principle of the centering connecting rod structure 1 of the application: In the normal state without installing the hole to be detected, due to the stretching action of the spring 110, the centering connecting rod structure 1 is in a clamping state, that is, the double-headed connecting rod 106 and the L-shaped lower connecting rod 107 are in an aggregated state.

[0075] The locking screw 104 is screwed into the centering connecting rod guide column 114 to lock, realizing self-locking clamping of the hole to be detected.

[0076] When the hole to be detected is installed, the handle 101 is pressed, the double-headed connecting rod 106 and the L-shaped lower connecting rod 107 change to a relaxed state, the sliding block 109 slides on the guide rail 111, the centering pin 108 precisely positions the inner wall of the hole 6 to be detected, and due to the contraction of the spring 110, the guide rail fixed plate 112 rises with the expansion of the double-headed connecting rod 106 and the L-shaped lower connecting rod 107.

[0077] The spring 110 ensures that the centering connecting rod structure 1 automatically returns to the clamping state through compression deformation and elastic reset.

[0078] Embodiment 2 A portable hole quality rapid detection method, characterized in that it is based on any one of the detection devices described above and sequentially includes the following steps: a. Hold the handle 101 and move the device above the hole 6 to be detected, press the handle 101 to make the centering connecting rod structure 1 enter the relaxed state, the double-headed connecting rod 106 and the L-shaped lower connecting rod 107 expand synchronously, and the spring 110 is compressed; b. Lower the device to the hole, release the handle 101, the spring 110 elastically resets and pushes the L-shaped lower connecting rod 107 to slide radially inward along the guide rail 111, so that the centering pin 108 automatically adheres to the inner wall of the hole to complete self-centering clamping; c. Tighten the locking screw 104 to tightly press the centering connecting rod guide column 114, lock the clamping state, and prevent the device from shifting during detection; d. Start the lifting motor 211 to drive the lead screw 208 to rotate, and the ball nut 206 drives the rotary support inner ring 205, the rotary support outer ring 207 and the sensor support 4 to descend along the lifting guide column 204 to the preset depth; e The rotary motor 201 drives the pinion 202 to rotate, which drives the gear 209, the outer ring 207 of the slewing bearing, and the sensor support 4 to rotate at a uniform speed of 360°, so that the industrial camera 3 and the laser displacement sensor 5 complete the circumferential scanning of the depth section synchronously; f The industrial camera 3 collects the images of the inner wall surface of the hole in real time and identifies defects, the laser displacement sensor 5 synchronously acquires the size data of multiple points in the section, and transmits the images and size information to the visualization screen 7; g The lifting motor 211 continues to drive the sensor support 4 to step down or up to the next depth section, and repeats steps e-f until the continuous or segmented scanning in the entire hole depth range is completed; h The visualization screen 7 processes and fuses the collected images and size data in real time, outputs the evaluation results of the hole diameter, roundness, cylindricity, defect type and roughness, and realizes the on-site rapid judgment of the hole quality.

[0079] It should be understood that the above description can be improved or changed by those skilled in the art, and all these improvements and changes shall belong to the protection scope of the appended claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A portable rapid hole quality detection device, characterized in that... include: The centering linkage structure (1) includes a handle (101) and a linkage clamping mechanism that is circumferentially expanded by being pressed down through the handle (101). The clamping mechanism is used to radially clamp and release the hole (6) to be inspected. The lifting and rotating structure (2) is installed at the center bottom of the centering linkage structure (1) and has a free end that can be lifted and rotated. The industrial camera (3) and the laser displacement sensor (5) are fixed to the free end and move up and down and rotate synchronously with the free end in the hole (6) to complete the identification of surface defects on the inner wall of the hole and the measurement of dimensional accuracy. The visualization screen (7) is set on the upper cover plate (102) of the centering linkage structure (1) and is used to display measurement parameters and data in real time.

2. The portable rapid hole quality detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that... The centering linkage structure (1) clamping mechanism includes: six clamping centering plates (103), which are spliced ​​end to end in the horizontal direction to surround the central horizontal plate to form a hexahedral cavity; six double-headed connecting rods (106), one end of each connecting rod is hinged to the lower edge of the corresponding clamping centering plate (103) through a rotating pin (105); six L-shaped lower connecting rods (107), the upper vertical end of which is hinged to the other end of the corresponding double-headed connecting rod (106) through a rotating pin (105), and the horizontal inner end forms a clamping claw; and six centering linkage guide posts (114), which are vertically set at the center of the hexahedral cavity for use in... The clamping claw is guided to move radially; the guide rail fixing plate (112) is fixed to the lower end of the centering connecting rod guide column (114); the guide rail (111) and the slider (109) are fixed to the guide rail fixing plate (112) and the slider (109) is fixed to the horizontal inner end of the L-shaped lower connecting rod (107), so that the clamping claw slides radially along the guide rail (111); the spring (110) is sleeved on the centering connecting rod guide column (114) and abuts between the clamping centering plate (103) and the guide rail fixing plate (112), providing automatic reset clamping force.

3. The portable rapid hole quality detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that... The centering link structure (1) further includes: a locking screw (104), which is screwed onto two opposing clamping centering plates (103) to press against the corresponding centering link guide post (114) to lock the clamping state.

4. The portable rapid hole quality detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that... The bottom surface of the horizontal inner buckle end of the L-shaped lower connecting rod (107) is provided with a positioning hole, and the centering pin (108) is adjustablely installed in the positioning hole for contact positioning with the inner wall of the hole to be tested (6).

5. The portable rapid hole quality detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that... The double-headed connecting rod (106) and the L-shaped lower connecting rod (107) are replaceable modular components, and the mounting hole of the centering pin (108) on the L-shaped lower connecting rod (107) is radially adjustable to accommodate different hole diameters.

6. The portable rapid hole quality detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that... The lifting and rotating structure (2) includes: a lifting motor (211), fixed to the large gear fixing plate (113); a lead screw (208), coaxially connected to the output shaft of the lifting motor (211); a ball nut (206), threadedly engaged with the lead screw (208); a lifting guide column (204), fixed to the large gear fixing plate (113) and passing through the ball nut (206) to prevent the ball nut (206) from rotating; a slewing bearing inner ring (205), fixedly connected to the ball nut (206) and rising and falling with the ball nut (206); and a rotating motor ( 201), fixed to the inner ring (205) of the slewing bearing; pinion (202), connected to the output shaft of the rotary motor (201); large gear (209), rotatably disposed on the outer circumference of the inner ring (205) of the slewing bearing and meshing with the pinion (202); outer ring (207) of the slewing bearing, fixed to the large gear (209), rotating with the large gear (209) and rising and falling synchronously with the inner ring (205) of the slewing bearing; rotating guide column (203), fixed to the large gear (209) and rotating with it, used to transmit torque to the sensor bracket (4).

7. The portable rapid hole quality detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that... The handle extends downward at both ends to form pressing arms; the pressing arms pass through the upper cover plate (102) and are movably or slidably hinged above the clamping centering plate (103) to form a lever-type or sliding pressing mechanism, and drive the double-headed connecting rod (106) and the L-shaped lower connecting rod (107) to switch between the clamping state and the relaxing state through pressing / releasing actions.

8. The portable rapid hole quality detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that... The sensor brackets (4) consist of two units, which are symmetrically fixed to the outer ring (207) of the slewing bearing at 180°. The industrial camera (3) and the laser displacement sensor (5) are respectively mounted on the two sensor brackets (4) to achieve synchronous detection of the same circumferential cross section.

9. The portable rapid hole quality detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that... The industrial camera (3) and the laser displacement sensor (5) communicate with the visualization screen (7) via wired or wireless means to output the aperture value, defect image and roughness parameter in real time, so as to realize the rapid on-site evaluation of hole quality.

10. A portable method for rapid hole quality detection, performed using any of the above-mentioned detection devices, comprising the following steps: a handle (101) is pressed, causing the clamping mechanism of the centering linkage structure (1) to expand radially; after the device is placed in the hole (6) to be detected, the handle (101) is released, the vertical guide compression spring of the clamping mechanism is passively reset and drives the centering pin (108) of the horizontal sliding mechanism to clamp the inner wall of the hole; the lifting and rotating structure (2) is activated, and the industrial camera (3) and the laser displacement sensor (5) passively complete the lifting and rotating motion with the lifting and rotating structure, and the image and size data of the inner wall of the hole are collected synchronously; the collected data is transmitted to the visualization screen (7), and the hole quality parameters are displayed and output in real time.

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