A laser head protection mechanism and collision detection method

Abstract

This application discloses a laser head protection mechanism and collision detection method, relating to the field of water-guided laser technology. The laser head protection mechanism protects a laser head, with one end connected to a machine tool and the second end used for emitting laser light. The mechanism includes a locking bracket, a sliding rod, a compression spring, and an anti-collision housing. The locking bracket is sleeved around the outer periphery of the laser head and close to its first end. The sliding rod passes through the locking bracket and slides in cooperation with it. The compression spring is sleeved around the outer periphery of the sliding rod, with one end connected to the sliding rod and the other end connected to the locking bracket. The anti-collision housing is sleeved around the outer periphery of the laser head and surrounds its second end, with a gap between the anti-collision housing and the laser head. The anti-collision housing is connected to the sliding rod, and the compression spring is located on the side of the locking bracket facing the anti-collision housing. This application effectively protects the laser head from damage due to collisions by using the anti-collision housing to protect the laser head and the compression spring to absorb energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of water-guided laser technology, and in particular to a laser head protection mechanism and a collision detection method. Background Technology

[0002] Water-guided laser processing technology, with its advantages of no thermal damage and high processing precision, has been widely used in high-end fields such as aerospace, semiconductors, and thin-walled part processing. Its laser processing head integrates precision components such as sapphire nozzles, water-optical coupling cavities, and focusing lenses. Once the processing head is involved in a collision, it will not only cause damage to expensive components but also lead to processing interruption. Therefore, collision prevention has become a key technology for ensuring the reliability of the equipment.

[0003] With the widespread adoption of five-axis machining and the processing of complex curved surfaces / closed structures, the relative motion trajectories between the laser head and the workpiece have become more complex, significantly increasing the risk of collisions. Traditional protective designs often employ fixed methods, such as single-height limits, which prove inadequate when facing dynamic scenarios involving multi-axis linkage and variable-angle machining. In the aerospace field, the machining of curved surfaces for components demands extremely high precision. Because traditional protective devices cannot adjust in real time according to changes in machining angles and paths, they often fail, leading to accidental collisions between components and protective devices during machining, resulting in irreparable damage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main purpose of this application is to provide a laser head protection mechanism and a collision detection method, which aims to solve the problem of easy damage to the laser head during water-guided laser processing.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides a laser head protection mechanism for protecting a laser head. The first end of the laser head is connected to a machine tool, and the second end of the laser head is used to emit laser light. The laser head protection mechanism includes a locking bracket, a sliding rod, a compression spring, and an anti-collision housing. The locking bracket is sleeved around the outer periphery of the laser head and close to the first end of the laser head. The sliding rod passes through the locking bracket and slides in cooperation with it. The compression spring is sleeved around the outer periphery of the sliding rod, with one end connected to the sliding rod and the other end connected to the locking bracket. The anti-collision housing is sleeved around the outer periphery of the laser head and surrounds the second end of the laser head. A gap exists between the anti-collision housing and the laser head. The anti-collision housing is connected to the sliding rod. The compression spring is located on the side of the locking bracket facing the anti-collision housing.

[0006] Optionally, the axis of the slide bar is parallel to the axis of the laser head, and the slide bar has the degree of freedom to slide along its own axis.

[0007] Optionally, the locking bracket is provided with a linear bearing mounting hole; the laser head protection mechanism further includes a linear bearing and two adjusting nuts; the linear bearing is installed in the linear bearing mounting hole, and the slide rod is slidably fitted on the inner circumference of the linear bearing; both adjusting nuts are threadedly connected to the outer circumference of the slide rod; wherein, the linear bearing and the compression spring are arranged in sequence, and the two adjusting nuts are respectively located at the ends of the compression spring and the linear bearing that are far apart from each other, and the two ends of the compression spring respectively abut against one of the adjusting nuts and the linear bearing.

[0008] Optionally, the laser head protection mechanism further includes a quick-connect connector and a connecting block. The quick-connect connector is fixed to one end of the slide bar near the anti-collision housing. The connecting block is fixed to the outer periphery of the anti-collision housing and has an insertion groove. The quick-connect connector passes through the insertion groove and is threadedly connected to the connecting block.

[0009] Optionally, the anti-collision housing expands towards one end of the locking bracket along the axial direction of the laser head.

[0010] Optionally, the laser head protection mechanism further includes a connecting rod and a dial indicator. The connecting rod is connected to the side of the locking bracket facing the anti-collision housing. The dial indicator has a dial head and a dial needle. The dial head is fixed to the end of the connecting rod away from the locking bracket, and the dial needle is rotatably connected to the end of the dial head away from the connecting rod and has a degree of freedom to swing around the horizontal direction. The dial needle responds to the driving force of the dial head and abuts against the outside of the anti-collision housing.

[0011] Optionally, the locking bracket has a threaded sleeve mounting hole; the laser head protection mechanism further includes a conical sleeve, a meter mounting sleeve rod, and a locking nut, the smaller diameter end of the conical sleeve has an external thread, and the conical sleeve is installed through the threaded sleeve mounting hole; the meter mounting sleeve rod passes through the inner circumference of the conical sleeve; the locking nut is threadedly connected to the outer circumference of the conical sleeve; wherein, the connecting rod is fixed to the meter mounting sleeve rod.

[0012] Optionally, the locking bracket has a laser head mounting hole and a gap channel connecting the laser head mounting hole and the outer periphery of the locking bracket; the locking bracket also has screw through holes and locking threaded holes disposed opposite to each other on both sides of the gap channel.

[0013] Furthermore, to achieve the above objectives, this application also provides a collision detection method applied to the aforementioned laser head protection mechanism. The collision detection method includes acquiring an initial reading, a real-time reading, and a preset threshold, wherein the initial reading is the value measured by a dial indicator before processing begins, and the real-time reading is the reading of the dial indicator during processing; determining a real-time change value based on the initial reading and the real-time reading; and sending a control signal to the machine tool based on the comparison result between the real-time change value and the preset threshold.

[0014] Optionally, the control signal includes a first signal and a second signal; sending the control signal to the machine tool based on the comparison result of the real-time change value and the preset threshold includes: comparing the real-time change value with the preset threshold; if the real-time change value is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, sending a first control signal to the machine tool, the first control signal being used to instruct the machine tool to stop; if the real-time change value is less than the preset threshold, sending a second control signal to the machine tool, the second control signal being used to instruct the machine tool to maintain the current state.

[0015] The laser head protection mechanism proposed in this application involves an anti-collision shell surrounding the second end of the laser head. When the second end of the laser head collides with the workpiece, the anti-collision shell first collides with the workpiece. When the anti-collision shell collides, it pushes the sliding rod to slide, thereby compressing the compression spring. The compression spring absorbs the collision energy of the anti-collision shell, and the gap between the anti-collision shell and the laser head provides space for the anti-collision shell to move. This effectively protects the laser head from damage due to collision. At the same time, the compression spring, after absorbing the energy generated by the collision, also protects the anti-collision shell. This significantly reduces the cost of repairing or replacing the laser head. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a laser head protection mechanism provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the locking bracket structure in an embodiment of this application;

[0018] Figure 3 A flowchart of a collision detection method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrating the process of sending control signals to a machine tool based on a comparison result between a real-time changing value and a preset threshold, as provided in this embodiment of the application.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Laser head; 201. Adjusting nut; 202. Linear bearing; 203. Compression spring; 204. Slide rod; 205. Quick connector; 206. Connecting block; 207. Anti-collision housing; 208. Locking bracket; 208-1. Linear bearing mounting hole; 208-2. Laser head mounting hole; 208-3. Locking threaded hole; 208-4. Screw through hole; 208-5. Threaded sleeve mounting hole; 209. Tapered sleeve; 210. Locking nut; 211. Meter head mounting sleeve rod; 3. Dial indicator; 301. Signal line; 302. Connecting rod; 303. Meter head; 304. Meter needle.

[0021] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0024] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixed" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can mean a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0025] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this invention involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the meaning of "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions; for example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0026] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 This application provides a laser head protection mechanism for protecting a laser head 1. The first end of the laser head 1 is connected to a machine tool, and the second end of the laser head 1 is used to emit laser light. The laser head protection mechanism may include a locking bracket 208, a slide rod 204, a compression spring 203, and an anti-collision housing 207. The locking bracket 208 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the laser head 1 and close to the first end of the laser head 1. The slide rod 204 passes through the locking bracket 208 and slides in cooperation with the locking bracket 208. The compression spring 203 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the slide rod 204 and one end is connected to the slide rod 204, and the other end is connected to the locking bracket 208. The anti-collision housing 207 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the laser head 1 and surrounds the second end of the laser head 1. There is a gap between the anti-collision housing 207 and the laser head 1. The anti-collision housing 207 is connected to the slide rod 204. The compression spring 203 is located on the side of the locking bracket 208 facing the anti-collision housing 207.

[0027] The laser head protection mechanism proposed in this application involves an anti-collision housing 207 surrounding the second end of the laser head 1 when it collides with a workpiece. The anti-collision housing 207 first collides with the workpiece. Upon collision, the anti-collision housing 207 pushes the sliding rod 204 to slide, thereby compressing the compression spring 203. This allows the compression spring 203 to absorb the collision energy of the anti-collision housing 207. The gap between the anti-collision housing 207 and the laser head 1 provides space for the anti-collision housing 207 to move. This effectively protects the laser head 1 from damage due to the collision. Simultaneously, the compression spring 203, after absorbing the energy generated by the collision, also protects the anti-collision housing 207. This significantly reduces the cost of repairing or replacing the laser head 1.

[0028] It should be noted that the anti-collision housing 207 is generally ring-shaped, with one end located on the outer periphery of the laser head 1 and the other end providing an opening for the laser head 1 to pass through.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, in the axial direction of the laser head 1, the distance between the end of the anti-collision housing 207 away from the locking bracket 208 and the locking bracket 208 is greater than the distance between the second end of the laser head 1 and the locking bracket 208. Thus, in the axial direction of the laser head 1, when the laser head 1 is about to collide with the workpiece, the anti-collision housing 207 will contact the workpiece first.

[0030] It should be understood that when the anti-collision housing 207 collides with the workpiece, the sound emitted can remind the operator to shut down the machine tool for maintenance in time.

[0031] refer to Figure 1 In an exemplary embodiment, the axis of the slide bar 204 is parallel to the axis of the laser head 1, and the slide bar 204 has the degree of freedom to slide along its own axis.

[0032] The sliding direction of the slide bar 204 is the movable direction of the anti-collision housing 207. When the axis of the slide bar 204 is parallel to the axis of the laser head 1, the anti-collision housing 207 can move along the axis of the laser head 1 so that the compression spring 203 can absorb the energy transmitted along the axis of the laser head 1.

[0033] It should be noted that the compression spring 203 is located on the side of the locking bracket 208 facing the anti-collision housing 207, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the axis of the laser head 1 is usually the same as the direction of gravity, and the second end is located below the first end. When the anti-collision housing 207 moves upward due to a collision, it can drive the slide bar 204 to slide upward. The slide bar 204 drives the compression spring 203 to compress, thereby absorbing the collision energy.

[0034] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In an exemplary embodiment, the locking bracket 208 is provided with a linear bearing mounting hole 208-1; the laser head protection mechanism may further include a linear bearing 202 and two adjusting nuts 201; the linear bearing 202 is installed in the linear bearing mounting hole 208-1, and the slide rod 204 is slidably engaged with the inner circumference of the linear bearing 202; both adjusting nuts 201 are threadedly connected to the outer circumference of the slide rod 204; wherein, the linear bearing 202 and the compression spring 203 are arranged in sequence, and the two adjusting nuts 201 are respectively located at the ends of the compression spring 203 and the linear bearing 202 that are far apart from each other, and the two ends of the compression spring 203 respectively abut against one adjusting nut 201 and the linear bearing 202.

[0035] Specifically, the linear bearing 202 is installed in the linear bearing mounting hole 208-1, and the slide rod 204 is slidably fitted on the inner circumference of the linear bearing 202, so that the slide rod 204 can slide along its own axial direction.

[0036] like Figure 1As shown, when the anti-collision housing 207 moves upward due to a collision, it drives the slide rod 204 to move synchronously. The slide rod 204 pushes the end of the compression spring 203 near the anti-collision housing 207 to move upward through an adjusting nut 201. In this way, the compression spring 203 is compressed, thereby absorbing the collision energy.

[0037] Furthermore, the other end of the compression spring 203 abuts against the linear bearing 202, so the distance between the two adjusting nuts 201 can be adjusted by turning the adjusting nut 201 located above, thereby changing the initial length of the compression spring 203, that is, changing the length of the compression spring 203 when the anti-collision housing 207 does not collide, making it more convenient to use.

[0038] It should be noted that when adjusting the distance between the two adjusting nuts 201 by turning the uppermost adjusting nut 204 of the slide rod 204, the slide rod 204 moves upward or downward as a whole. That is, in the vertical direction, the position of the uppermost adjusting nut 201 and the linear bearing 202 remains unchanged. In this way, the length of the second end of the laser head 1 extending from the lower end of the anti-collision housing 207 can be adjusted, making it more convenient to use.

[0039] In an exemplary embodiment, the anti-collision housing 207 expands towards the end of the locking bracket 208 along the axial direction of the laser head 1. That is, the anti-collision housing 207 is generally conical with a small opening at the lower end and a large opening at the upper end. Thus, when the slide bar 204 moves up or down, the distance between the anti-collision housing 207 and the laser head 1 can be adjusted, making it more convenient to use.

[0040] refer to Figure 1 In an exemplary embodiment, the laser head protection mechanism may further include a quick-connect connector 205 and a connecting block 206. The quick-connect connector 205 is fixed to one end of the slide bar 204 near the anti-collision housing 207. The connecting block 206 is fixed to the outer periphery of the anti-collision housing 207 and has an insertion groove. The quick-connect connector 205 is inserted into the insertion groove and threadedly connected to the connecting block 206.

[0041] This facilitates the disassembly of the slide bar 204 and the anti-collision housing 207, allowing for the replacement of the anti-collision housing 207; for example, when the anti-collision housing 207 needs to be replaced, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the adjusting nut 201 at the top of the slide bar 204 can be unscrewed to move the slide bar 204 downwards and remove the linear bearing 202. The slide bar 204 will cause the anti-collision housing 207 and the connecting block 206 to detach from the laser head 1. Then, the slide bar 204 and the connecting block 206 can be rotated relative to each other to replace the anti-collision housing 207. After the replacement is completed, the slide bar 204 is moved upwards so that it passes through the linear bearing 202. Then, the adjusting nut 201 is screwed on at the top of the slide bar 204.

[0042] refer to Figure 1 In an exemplary embodiment, the laser head protection mechanism may further include a connecting rod 302 and a dial indicator 3. The connecting rod 302 is connected to the side of the locking bracket 208 facing the anti-collision housing 207. The dial indicator 3 has a head 303 and a needle 304. The head 303 is fixed to the end of the connecting rod 302 away from the locking bracket 208. The needle 304 is rotatably connected to the end of the head 303 away from the connecting rod 302 and has a degree of freedom to swing about the horizontal direction. The needle 304 abuts against the outside of the anti-collision housing 207 in response to the driving force of the head 303.

[0043] It should be noted that the pointer 304 on the meter head 303 usually has a certain elastic swing amplitude. In its natural state, the pointer 304 is in the first position. When the pointer 304 is rotated slightly, it is in the second position. When the pointer is released, it will rotate back to the first position. That is, the pointer 304 has a certain elastic swing amplitude. The force that drives the pointer 304 from the second position back to the first position causes the pointer 304 and the end away from the meter head 303 to come into contact with the outer side of the conical anti-collision housing 207. There are many traditional solutions for this type of dial indicator 3, which will not be described in detail here.

[0044] Thus, when the anti-collision housing 207 collides, its position changes, and the dial indicator needle 304 is subjected to force and comes into contact with the anti-collision housing 207, causing the dial indicator needle 304 to rotate, thereby changing the reading of the dial indicator 3. This allows the collision of the anti-collision housing 207 to be detected, and the machine tool can be stopped in time.

[0045] Furthermore, a signal line 301 is provided on the meter head 303, which is connected to an external computer device, and the computer device is electrically connected to the machine tool. Since the anti-collision housing 207 will produce a certain amount of shaking during normal processing, a range can be set in the computer device. When the change value of the dial gauge 3 reading is detected to be greater than this range, it can be determined that the anti-collision housing 207 has collided, so that the computer can control the machine tool to stop working in time.

[0046] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In an exemplary embodiment, the locking bracket 208 has a threaded sleeve mounting hole 208-5; the laser head protection mechanism may further include a tapered sleeve 209, a meter mounting sleeve 211, and a locking nut 210. The tapered sleeve 209 has an external thread at the smaller diameter end and is installed through the threaded sleeve mounting hole 208-5; the meter mounting sleeve 211 passes through the inner circumference of the tapered sleeve 209; the locking nut 210 is threadedly connected to the outer circumference of the tapered sleeve 209; wherein, the connecting rod 302 is fixed to the meter mounting sleeve 211.

[0047] The tapered sleeve 209 is installed through the threaded sleeve mounting hole 208-5. Tightening the locking nut 210 can adjust the tightness of the tapered sleeve 209, further controlling whether the tapered sleeve 209 clamps or loosens the meter head mounting sleeve 211. Thus, by tightening the locking nut 210, the tapered sleeve 209 can be controlled to loosen the meter head mounting sleeve 211, thereby adjusting the position of the meter head mounting sleeve 211, the connecting rod 302, and the dial indicator 3. After adjustment, tightening the locking nut 210 causes the tapered sleeve 209 to clamp the meter head mounting sleeve 211, thereby locking the position of the dial indicator 3 so that the needle 304 can contact the outside of the conical anti-collision housing 207.

[0048] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In an exemplary embodiment, the locking bracket 208 has a laser head mounting hole 208-2 and a gap channel connecting the laser head mounting hole 208-2 and the outer periphery of the locking bracket 208; the locking bracket 208 also has screw through holes 208-4 and locking threaded holes 208-3 disposed opposite to each other on both sides of the gap channel.

[0049] When installing the laser head protection mechanism onto the laser head 1, first move the locking bracket 208 from bottom to top to the outer periphery of the laser head 1, so that the laser head 1 passes through the laser head mounting hole 208-2, as shown. Figure 2 As shown, a screw is then tightened into the screw through hole 208-4 and the locking threaded hole 208-3 to adjust the gap width of the gap channel, so that the locking bracket 208 is clamped to the outer periphery of the laser head 1. After that, the subsequent installation operation can be carried out. Of course, other components on the locking bracket 208 (such as the slide bar 204, dial indicator 3, etc.) can be installed first, and then the locking bracket 208 can be connected to the laser head 1 for fine-tuning. Similarly, during disassembly, the bolts can be directly loosened so that the locking bracket 208 is no longer clamping the laser head 1, thereby removing the entire laser head protection mechanism. Alternatively, the slide bar 204 can be removed first, then the dial indicator 3 can be removed, and finally the locking bracket 208 can be removed. There are various disassembly and installation methods, and maintenance and replacement operations are convenient and quick.

[0050] refer to Figure 3 Based on the above embodiments, this application also provides a collision detection method applied to the laser head protection mechanism. The collision detection method may specifically include the following steps:

[0051] S100. Obtain the initial reading, real-time reading and preset threshold, wherein the initial reading is the value measured by dial indicator 3 before processing begins, and the real-time reading is the reading of dial indicator 3 during processing.

[0052] S200. Determine the real-time change value based on the initial reading and the real-time reading;

[0053] S300: Based on the comparison result between the real-time change value and the preset threshold, a control signal is sent to the machine tool.

[0054] In step S100, the initial reading is the reading of dial indicator 3 before processing begins. This reading can also be zero, meaning that dial indicator 3 can be zeroed before processing begins. The preset threshold is the range set by the operator in advance. The range can be set according to the actual usage situation, which will not be elaborated here.

[0055] In step S200, since the anti-collision housing 207 will shake during processing, the real-time reading of the dial indicator 3 will change at any time. The real-time change value of the reading can be determined based on the difference between the real-time reading and the initial reading. This value can be the absolute value.

[0056] In this way, the machine tool can be further controlled based on the relationship between the real-time change value and the preset threshold, so that when the anti-collision housing 207 collides, the machine tool can be stopped in time to prevent damage to the laser head 1.

[0057] In an exemplary embodiment, the control signal may include a first signal and a second signal; reference Figure 4 Specifically, step S300 may include the following steps:

[0058] S310. Compare the real-time change value with the preset threshold;

[0059] S320. If the real-time change value is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, a first control signal is sent to the machine tool. The first control signal is used to instruct the machine tool to stop.

[0060] S330. If the real-time change value is less than the preset threshold, a second control signal is sent to the machine tool. The second control signal is used to instruct the machine tool to maintain the current state.

[0061] In step S310, the real-time change value is compared with the preset threshold.

[0062] Subsequently, when the real-time change value is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, it indicates that the anti-collision housing 207 has collided, and the computer can send a first control signal to the machine tool to control the machine tool to stop working; when the real-time change value is less than the preset threshold, it indicates that the anti-collision housing 207 has not collided, and the computer can send a second control signal to the machine tool to instruct the machine tool to continue working.

[0063] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and do not limit the patent scope of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made using the content of this application's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A laser head protection mechanism, characterized in that, Used to protect the laser head (1), the first end of the laser head (1) is connected to the machine tool, and the second end of the laser head (1) is used to emit laser; The laser head protection mechanism includes: A locking bracket (208) is fitted around the outer periphery of the laser head (1) and close to the first end of the laser head (1); A slide rod (204) passes through the locking bracket (208) and slides in cooperation with the locking bracket (208); A compression spring (203) is sleeved on the outer periphery of the slide rod (204) and one end is connected to the slide rod (204), and the other end is connected to the locking bracket (208); An anti-collision housing (207) is sleeved on the outer periphery of the laser head (1) and surrounds the second end of the laser head (1). There is a gap between the anti-collision housing (207) and the laser head (1). The anti-collision housing (207) is connected to the slide rod (204). The compression spring (203) is located on the side of the locking bracket (208) facing the anti-collision housing (207). Along the axial direction of the laser head (1), the anti-collision housing (207) expands toward one end closer to the locking bracket (208); The laser head protection mechanism also includes: A connecting rod (302) is connected to the side of the locking bracket (208) facing the anti-collision housing (207); The dial indicator (3) has a head (303) and a needle (304). The head (303) is fixed to the end of the connecting rod (302) away from the locking bracket (208). The needle (304) is rotatably connected to the end of the head (303) away from the connecting rod (302) and has a degree of freedom to swing around the horizontal direction. The dial indicator (304) responds to the driving force of the dial head (303) and abuts against the outside of the anti-collision housing (207); The axis of the slide bar (204) is parallel to the axis of the laser head (1), and the slide bar (204) has the degree of freedom to slide along its own axis; The locking bracket (208) is provided with a linear bearing mounting hole (208-1); The laser head protection mechanism also includes: A linear bearing (202) is installed in the linear bearing mounting hole (208-1), and the slide rod (204) is slidably fitted on the inner circumference of the linear bearing (202); Two adjusting nuts (201) are threaded to the outer periphery of the slide rod (204); The linear bearing (202) and the compression spring (203) are arranged in sequence, and the two adjusting nuts (201) are located at the ends of the compression spring (203) and the linear bearing (202) that are far apart from each other. The two ends of the compression spring (203) respectively abut against one of the adjusting nuts (201) and the linear bearing (202).

2. The laser head protection mechanism as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The laser head protection mechanism also includes: A quick-connect connector (205) is fixed to one end of the slide bar (204) near the anti-collision housing (207); The connecting block (206) is fixed to the outer periphery of the anti-collision housing (207) and has an insertion groove; The quick-connector (205) is inserted into the insertion groove and threadedly connected to the connecting block (206).

3. The laser head protection mechanism as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The locking bracket (208) has a threaded sleeve mounting hole (208-5); The laser head protection mechanism also includes: The tapered sleeve (209) has an external thread at the smaller diameter end, and the tapered sleeve (209) is installed through the threaded sleeve mounting hole (208-5); The head mounting sleeve (211) passes through the inner circumference of the tapered sleeve (209); A lock nut (210) is threaded onto the outer periphery of the tapered sleeve (209); The connecting rod (302) is fixed to the meter head mounting sleeve (211).

4. The laser head protection mechanism as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The locking bracket (208) has a laser head mounting hole (208-2) and a gap channel connecting the laser head mounting hole (208-2) and the outer periphery of the locking bracket (208); The locking bracket (208) also has screw through holes (208-4) and locking threaded holes (208-3) disposed opposite to each other on both sides of the gap channel.

5. A collision detection method, characterized in that, The collision detection method, applied to the laser head protection mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprises: Acquire initial reading, real-time reading and preset threshold, wherein the initial reading is the value measured by the dial indicator (3) before processing begins, and the real-time reading is the reading of the dial indicator (3) during processing; The real-time change value is determined based on the initial reading and the real-time reading; Control signals are sent to the machine tool based on the comparison result between the real-time change value and the preset threshold.

6. The collision detection method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The control signal includes a first signal and a second signal; sending the control signal to the machine tool based on the comparison result between the real-time change value and the preset threshold includes: Compare the real-time change value with the preset threshold; If the real-time change value is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, a first control signal is sent to the machine tool, and the first control signal is used to instruct the machine tool to stop. If the real-time change value is less than the preset threshold, a second control signal is sent to the machine tool, which is used to instruct the machine tool to maintain the current state.

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