A terraced type feeding guide device and a high-lock bolt composite machine tool with the same

Abstract

The application discloses a terraced type feeding guide device and a high-lock bolt composite machine tool with the same, relates to the technical field of high-lock bolt machining equipment, and solves the problem that the coaxiality of a high-lock bolt and a machining head is difficult to guarantee, thereby affecting machining precision. The feeding guide device comprises at least one feeding block for guiding and conveying a blank, and the feeding block comprises a first supporting block, a second supporting block, a third supporting block, a pressing block, a Y-axis fixing block, a Y-axis adjusting wheel and an X-axis adjusting wheel. The first supporting block is oppositely arranged with the second supporting block and the third supporting block, and a first material guide groove is formed between the first supporting block, the second supporting block and the third supporting block. A slidable push rod is arranged between the second supporting block and the third supporting block, and the push rod can cross into the first material guide groove to clamp the blank. The coaxiality of the blank in the first material guide groove and the machining head is finally adjusted by fine-tuning the X-axis direction and Y-axis direction positions of the first supporting block, and the blank will not be clamped.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aviation high-strength bolt processing equipment, and in particular to a terraced feeding and guiding device and a high-strength bolt composite machine tool having the same. Background Technology

[0002] Aviation bolts with a star-shaped or hexagonal hole at the end are high-locking bolts, also known as high-tightening bolts or locking bolts. These are high-performance fasteners that are very common and important in the aerospace industry, widely used in almost all places requiring high-reliability bolted connections, such as aircraft fuselages, wings, engine nacelles, doors, and interior panels.

[0003] High-strength lock bolts are typically bolt-nut assemblies. Their core design feature is a hexagonal socket (commonly a Torx hole / hexagonal flower shape or a standard hexagonal hole) at the bolt's end for mounting; they also come with a nut with a built-in neck groove. The hexagonal socket at the bolt's end is machined using a machine tool. During machining, it is essential to ensure that the high-strength lock bolt and the machining head are coaxial.

[0004] Existing high-strength bolt machining machines use a combination of two motors, a reducer, and a leadscrew. Coaxiality in the X and Y directions is digitally adjusted via an operating screen. This adjustment method is designed for applications with lower requirements, such as automotive fasteners. Therefore, its drawbacks are obvious: once adjusted, the leadscrew is held in the desired position. When subjected to large impact forces, such as those from punching or drilling, the leadscrew deforms and shifts, completely losing its reference point and accuracy. This is why this process is only suitable for machining aerospace screws where coaxiality requirements are not high. While it appears to achieve digital coaxiality adjustment, it is not suitable for the large-scale, stable machining of aerospace material screws, which are subject to high forces and have strict precision requirements.

[0005] In the prior art, such as the high-strength bolt tail end full-process processing machine with publication number CN114750001A, the bolts at all stations are simultaneously transferred and fed through an overall transfer mechanism. That is, the bolts are only introduced into the patent application after all workpieces at all stations have been processed at their corresponding stations and after the workpieces have been pushed out. Figure 6 Only a translation mechanism can synchronously move all workpieces to the next station, enabling the bolts to be moved between processing stations. This process can only be completed after the slowest processing station finishes processing, at which point all workpieces being processed can be uniformly pushed out of their processing positions and then pushed into the next station. Figure 6Only by moving the entire machine into the translation slot can it be moved to the next workstation for fully automated centering, chamfering, pre-processing before punching, punching, and removal of residual iron filings. This process is achieved by individual cylinders, and each cylinder needs to send an execution signal before it can perform the next action. Therefore, the processing efficiency of this mechanism is only 480 to 720 pieces per hour. This is as slow as the combined processing efficiency of purchasing a drilling machine with one operator to perform drilling and iron filings removal, or a punching machine with one operator. Since aviation high-strength bolts are processed in large batches, such a slow processing efficiency obviously cannot meet the cycle time requirements of actual processing.

[0006] Secondly, the process of transferring workpieces between processes is cumbersome. Furthermore, the air facing the vacuum hole is extracted from the workpiece using a vacuum device, causing the workpiece to be held in the clamping position before processing. Additionally, multiple large cams are mounted on a single shaft to achieve synchronous blank clamping at each station. However, the clamping speed and force are not adjustable, and the coaxiality of the workpieces is difficult to guarantee. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems by designing a terraced feeding and guiding device and a high-strength bolt composite machine tool with the same, which solves the problem that it is difficult to guarantee the coaxiality of the high-strength bolt and the processing head, thus affecting the processing accuracy.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention to achieve the above objectives is a terraced feeding and guiding device, comprising at least one feeding block for guiding and conveying blanks, wherein the feeding block comprises a first support block, a second support block, a third support block, a pressure block, a Y-axis fixing block, and rotatable Y-axis adjusting wheel and X-axis adjusting wheel;

[0009] The first support block is arranged opposite to the second and third support blocks, and a first guide groove for guiding and conveying the blank is formed between the first support block, the second support block and the third support block. The width of the first guide groove is adapted to the diameter of the blank rod. The pressure block is located above the middle area of ​​the first guide groove to limit the axial movement of the blank.

[0010] The first support block is adjustablely mounted on the bottom of the Y-axis fixing block. The Y-axis adjusting wheel is threadedly connected to the Y-axis fixing block, and the Y-axis adjusting wheel can press the first support block during rotation to fine-tune the Y-axis position of the first support block. The X-axis adjusting wheel is located on one side of the Y-axis fixing block, and the X-axis adjusting wheel can press the Y-axis fixing block during rotation to fine-tune the X-axis position of the first support block and the Y-axis fixing block.

[0011] A slidable push rod is provided between the second and third support blocks, and the push rod can pass through the first guide groove to clamp the blank.

[0012] Furthermore, the first guide groove includes a first groove, a second groove, and a third groove that are connected end to end. The first groove is formed between the first support block and the second support block. The second groove and the third groove are formed between the adjacent sides of the second support block and the first support block, respectively. A through slot is formed between the second support block and the third support block, which communicates with the second groove. The push rod can be inserted into the second groove along the through slot and can push the blank located at the end of the first groove along the second groove to the beginning of the third groove and press it against it.

[0013] Furthermore, two cap-shaped pressure plates are provided above the first support block. The two cap-shaped pressure plates are located above the edges of the first groove and the second groove, respectively, and are spaced at an appropriate distance from the first support block, so as to press down and guide the head of the blank.

[0014] Furthermore, the second support block has an internal receiving groove, in which a spring and a rotatable baffle are provided. The second support block has a notch on the side near the second groove to facilitate the partial exposure of the baffle. The spring can apply a preload to the baffle, causing the baffle to partially expose the notch, so as to block the blank from sliding along the guide of the second groove.

[0015] Furthermore, the first support block has a clearance area on the side near the third support block. The adjacent side walls of the clearance area form a second groove and a third groove with the adjacent side walls of the third support block, respectively. The intersection of the adjacent side walls of the clearance area has an arc surface that matches the shape of the blank. The interior of the first support block has an air hole extending to the arc surface. The air blowing direction of the air hole is consistent with the extension direction of the third groove.

[0016] Furthermore, the feeding block also includes:

[0017] A fixing base, wherein a locking bolt is provided on the fixing base;

[0018] A tooling fixing block is installed at the bottom of the fixing seat and threadedly connected to the locking bolt. The Y-axis fixing block is movably installed in the groove at the bottom of the tooling fixing block. The pressure block is connected to the tooling fixing block by bolts.

[0019] X-axis adjustment follower block, the X-axis adjustment follower block is located on one side of the Y-axis fixed block, and is adjustablely installed in the groove at the bottom of the tooling fixed block;

[0020] The X-axis adjusting block is located on the side of the Y-axis fixed block away from the X-axis adjusting follower block and is movably installed in the groove at the bottom of the tooling fixed block. The X-axis adjusting wheel is located in the receiving groove on the X-axis adjusting block and is threadedly connected to the tooling fixed block.

[0021] Furthermore, the bottom of the tooling fixing block is provided with a guide rail fixing plate, and the second support block and the third support block are adjustablely installed on the bottom of the guide rail fixing plate. The bottom of the guide rail fixing plate has a guide groove to facilitate the sliding of the push rod. The bottom of the guide rail fixing plate is provided with anti-detachment pressure plates on both sides of the guide groove to prevent the push rod from disengaging from the guide groove.

[0022] Furthermore, the bottom of the guide rail fixing plate has a mounting groove, and the second support block and the third support block are mounted in the mounting groove by bolts. The guide rail fixing plate has a waist-shaped hole extending along the X-axis direction to adjust the distance between the second support block and the third support block.

[0023] Furthermore, an X-axis guide block is provided on the side of the tooling fixing block near the X-axis adjusting follower block. One end of the X-axis guide block is connected to the side of the tooling fixing block by bolts, and the other end is connected to the side of the X-axis adjusting follower block by bolts.

[0024] The present invention also provides a high-strength bolt composite machine tool, including the feeding and guiding device as described above, and further comprising:

[0025] A countersinking mechanism is used to countersink the tail end of a blank.

[0026] A drilling mechanism is used to drill holes countersunk at the tail end of a blank.

[0027] A punching mechanism is used to punch holes drilled at the tail end of a blank.

[0028] The chip removal mechanism is used to clean the waste chips inside the holes punched out at the tail end of the blank;

[0029] Each of the countersinking mechanism, drilling mechanism, square hole punching mechanism and chip removal mechanism is provided with a feeding block above it. The first guide grooves on the four feeding blocks are connected end to end in sequence and are inclined from the feeding end to the discharge end of the first guide groove.

[0030] Its advantages over existing technologies are:

[0031] In this invention, the shank of the high-strength bolt blank is embedded in the first guide groove of the feeding block. The head of the blank is supported by the first, second, and third support blocks, and the blank slides along the first guide groove to complete the material transfer. A pressure block located above the middle area of ​​the first guide groove presses the head of the blank to limit its axial movement and prevent axial displacement during processing. Before processing, a push rod can pass through the first guide groove to clamp the blank, preventing rotation during processing.

[0032] By rotating the Y-axis adjusting wheel, the Y-axis adjusting wheel will press the first support block, thereby fine-tuning the Y-axis direction of the first support block; by rotating the X-axis adjusting wheel, the X-axis adjusting wheel will press the Y-axis fixing block and the first support block installed on the Y-axis fixing block, thereby fine-tuning the X-axis direction of the first support block, ultimately achieving the adjustment of the coaxiality between the blank located in the first guide groove and the processing head.

[0033] The corresponding support blocks on the feeding block have a self-locking function in both the X and Y directions. They will not be displaced when subjected to large impact forces such as punching square holes or other large impact forces such as impacts from drilling stations. The positioning in the X and Y coaxial directions is stable and reliable, making it more suitable for the large-scale stable processing of aerospace material screws with large forces and strict precision requirements. The processing efficiency is up to 2500 pieces / hour.

[0034] This invention also provides a composite machine tool in which four loading blocks are located above a countersinking mechanism, a drilling mechanism, a square hole punching mechanism, and a chip removal mechanism, respectively. The first guide grooves on the four loading blocks are connected end-to-end and inclined from the inlet end to the outlet end. The blank is sequentially conveyed through the first guide grooves on the four loading blocks to the top of the corresponding mechanism, where the center hole, drilling, square hole punching, and final chip removal at the tail end of the blank are completed sequentially, without the need for an additional transfer mechanism. Only one blank is placed in the guide groove of each loading block, ensuring that the blanks do not contact each other and do not stack together. This is particularly suitable for loading and conveying aviation screws, which have complex head shapes and low density, such as those made of lightweight titanium alloys or heavyweight high-temperature alloys.

[0035] This application solves the problems of low efficiency in the positioning and clamping of high-strength bolts at each machining station, resulting in low machining efficiency, and difficulty in ensuring the coaxiality of the high-strength bolts and machining heads, which affects machining accuracy. It also solves the problem of machine tool jamming and unstable machining caused by improper cooling and lubrication of titanium alloy or high-temperature alloy materials during the drilling and punching process of high-strength bolts, which leads to the contamination of the machine tool guide rails and gaps of moving parts by fine metal chips and metal powder. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the high-strength bolt composite machine tool;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of the high-strength bolt composite machine tool from another perspective;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the coordination of the vibrating feeding mechanism, conveyor belt, feeding block, and processing mechanism;

[0039] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Another structural diagram from another perspective;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the cooperation between the vibrating feeding mechanism and the conveyor belt.

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the conveyor belt structure;

[0042] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure when the guide cover is removed;

[0043] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the discharge plate at the rear end of the conveyor belt;

[0044] Figure 9 yes Figure 8 Enlarged view of the structure at point A in the middle;

[0045] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the countersinking mechanism, drilling mechanism, square hole punching mechanism, chip removal mechanism, and four feeding blocks installed on the mounting plate.

[0046] Figure 11 This is a structural diagram of a countersinking mechanism, a drilling mechanism, a square hole punching mechanism, and a chip removal mechanism;

[0047] Figure 12 This is an isometric schematic diagram of the counterboring mechanism;

[0048] Figure 13 This is a cross-sectional view of the counterboring mechanism;

[0049] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the axonal structure of the punching mechanism;

[0050] Figure 15 This is a cross-sectional view of the punching mechanism;

[0051] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the tool holder.

[0052] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when the linkage drive mechanism and the feeding block are in operation;

[0053] Figure 18 This is a bottom view of the feeding block structure.

[0054] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the axial structure of the feeding block;

[0055] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the first support block, the second support block, and the third support block at the bottom of the feeding block;

[0056] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram showing the removal of the fixed seat, tooling fixed block and X-axis adjustment follower block from the loading block;

[0057] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram showing the coordination of the first support block, the second support block, the third support block, and the push rod;

[0058] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first support block;

[0059] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the third support block;

[0060] Figure 25 This is a bottom view of the workpiece before it is clamped by the push rod, when the feeding block and the push rod are in tandem;

[0061] Figure 26 It is a bottom view of the workpiece when the feeding block and the push rod are engaged, and the workpiece is clamped by the push rod.

[0062] Figure 27 This is a schematic diagram of the push rod structure;

[0063] Figure 28 This is a schematic diagram of the material distribution mechanism.

[0064] In the diagram, 1. Machine body; 2. Vibrating feeding mechanism; 3. Conveyor belt; 301. First guide rail; 3011. Second guide chute; 302. Second guide rail; 303. Transmission belt; 304. First synchronous pulley; 305. Second synchronous pulley; 306. Tensioning pulley; 307. Spacing adjustment mechanism; 3071. Inlet adjustment frame; 3072. Guide rail fixing block; 3073. Adjusting screw; 3074. Guide cover plate; 3075. Locking element; 3076. Drive block; 3077. Outlet adjustment frame; 3078. Adapter block; 308. Drive motor; 309. Discharge plate; 310. Cover; 311. Pressure plate; 312. Support plate; 313. Angle plate; 314. Fixing plate; 315. 4. Adjusting block; 5. Counterboring mechanism; 401. Counterboring head; 402. Rotation control assembly; 4021. Second servo motor; 4022. Mandrel; 403. First feed control assembly; 4031. First housing; 4032. Second housing; 4033. Guide sleeve; 4034. First servo motor; 4035. Anti-rotation block; 40351. Roller; 4036. Rotary end cover; 4037. Feed end cover; 4038. Guide key; 4039. Lead screw; 4040. Guide bushing; 404. Tool holder; 4041. Socket head bolt; 6. Drilling mechanism; 501. Drill bit; 7. Square hole punching mechanism; 601. Punch; 602. Second feed control assembly; 6021. Third housing; 6 022. Reducer; 6023. Third servo motor; 6024. Guide mandrel sleeve; 6025. Adapter sleeve; 7. Chip removal mechanism; 701. Milling head; 8. Feeding block; 801. Fixed base; 802. Tooling fixing block; 803. Locking bolt; 804. First support block; 8041. First guide groove; 80411. First groove; 80412. Second groove; 80413. Third groove; 80401. Air blowing hole; 805. Second support block; 806. Third support block; 8061. Stop plate; 807. Pressure block; 808. Cap pressure plate; 809. Guide rail fixing plate; 810. X-axis adjustment follower block; 8101. X-axis adjustment limit block; 811. X-axis adjustment block; 812. Guide... 813. Fixed block; 814. Y-axis adjusting wheel; 815. X-axis adjusting wheel; 816. Identifier plate; 817. Y-axis fixed block; 818. Y-axis positioning block; 9. Material distribution mechanism; 901. Feed hopper; 902. Material distribution cylinder; 903. Material distribution plate; 904. Discharge pipe; 10. Waste collection mechanism; 11. Oil mist purifier; 12. Material rack; 13. Material box; 14. Oil unloading trough; 15. Mounting plate; 16. Linkage drive mechanism; 161. Protective frame; 162. Drive cylinder; 163. Extension rod; 164. Connecting sleeve; 165. Connecting rod; 166. Pin fixing block; 167. Pin; 17. Push rod; 171. Extrusion surface; 172. Arc groove; 173. Blocking part; 18. Protective cover. Detailed Implementation

[0065] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0066] A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a high-strength bolt composite machine tool, which integrates all the processing steps of high-strength bolts into one machine tool, and can automatically complete feeding, processing, unloading and screening.

[0067] For details, see Figure 1 , Figure 3 The composite machine tool mainly includes a machine body 1, a vibrating feeding mechanism 2, a countersinking mechanism 4, a drilling mechanism 5, a square hole punching mechanism 6, a chip removal mechanism 7, a guiding feeding device, a conveyor belt 3, a waste chip collection mechanism 10, and a material distribution mechanism 9. The guiding feeding device consists of four feeding blocks 8.

[0068] The machine body 1 is integrally cast, possessing advantages such as high strength and strong corrosion resistance. The interior of the machine body 1 is hollow, forming a processing space where all processing steps of the workpiece are completed. Two sliding doors (hidden in the image) are located on the front of the machine body 1, facilitating manual loading and observation of the workpiece's processing status through viewing windows on the doors.

[0069] The machine body 1 is equipped with a CNC screen 19 on its exterior to program the machine tool and send instructions to the corresponding mechanisms to process the workpiece.

[0070] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the vibratory feeding mechanism 2 uses a vibratory feeder. The vibratory feeder uses vibration to orderly convey the scattered high-strength bolt blanks from the discharge port. The feed inlet of the conveyor belt 3 is connected to the discharge port of the vibratory feeder.

[0071] In this embodiment, both the conveyor belt 3 and the aforementioned vibratory feeder are placed horizontally. The vibratory feeder is fixedly mounted on a bracket located on the outside of the machine body 1. The conveyor belt 3 extends into the machine body 1 after docking with the vibratory feeder. A cover (hidden in the figure) is provided on the outside of the vibratory feeder, and the cover has a small door to facilitate feeding materials into the vibratory feeder.

[0072] like Figures 5-9 As shown, the conveyor belt 3 is mainly composed of a first guide rail 301, a second guide rail 302, a transmission belt 303, two first synchronous pulleys 304, a second synchronous pulley 305, a drive motor 308, and two spacing adjustment mechanisms 307 located at the two ends of the first guide rail 301 and the second guide rail 302, respectively.

[0073] The first guide rail 301 and the second guide rail 302 are arranged opposite each other, with a certain distance between them, forming a guide groove, namely the second guide groove 3011. The width of the second guide groove 3011 is adapted to the diameter of the shank of the high-strength bolt blank. The spacing adjustment mechanism 307 is used to adjust the spacing between the first guide rail 301 and the second guide rail 302, that is, the width of the second guide groove 3011. The shank of the blank will be embedded into the second guide groove 3011, and the head (i.e., the cap of the high-strength bolt) will be supported by the first guide rail 301 and the second guide rail 302.

[0074] The first synchronous pulley 304 is the driven pulley, and the two driven pulleys are rotatably connected to the two ends of the first guide rail 301. The transmission belt 303 is annular, and its two ends are respectively engaged with two transmission gears.

[0075] The second synchronous pulley 305 is the driving pulley. The driving pulley is rotatably connected to the inside of the housing 310, which is fixed in the middle region of the bottom of the first guide rail 301. The drive motor 308 is fixedly mounted on the outside of the housing 310 and is connected to the driving pulley via a transmission connection; that is, the output end of the drive motor 308 is connected to the second synchronous pulley 305, driving the driving pulley to rotate. Tensioning pulleys 306 are respectively located above and to the upper left and right of the driving pulley. These tensioning pulleys 306 are smooth wheels and are rotatably connected to the housing 310 via pins 167. The lower edge of the transmission belt 303 passes over the two tensioning pulleys 306 and meshes with the driving pulley.

[0076] The distance between the two tensioning pulleys 306 is adjustable. The housing 310 has two horizontally extending oblong holes. The two tensioning pulleys 306 are rotatably connected to the two oblong holes by pins 167. The other end of the pins 167 is threaded to a bolt. By loosening or tightening the bolt, the distance between the two tensioning pulleys 306 is adjusted, thereby adjusting the tension of the drive belt 303.

[0077] The upper surface of the first guide rail 301 is recessed downward to form a groove, and the upper edge of the transmission belt 303 extends along the groove. Correspondingly, the upper surface of the second guide rail 302 is also recessed downward to form a groove, and a thin plate is provided in the groove. The upper surface of the thin plate is basically flush with the upper surface of the transmission belt 303.

[0078] After the blank's rod is embedded into the second guide groove 3011, the blank's head rests on the transmission belt 303 and the thin plate. The upper surface of the thin plate is smooth. The drive motor 308 drives the drive wheel (i.e., the second synchronous pulley 305) to rotate, which in turn drives the transmission belt 303 to rotate, ultimately causing the blank to slide backward along the second guide groove 3011, completing the transfer of the blank.

[0079] A protective cover plate is provided on the outside of the cover 310. The protective cover plate is fixedly installed on the cover 310 by bolts, which protects the second synchronous pulley 305.

[0080] See Figure 6 , Figure 7 The spacing adjustment mechanism 307 located at the inlet of conveyor belt 3 mainly consists of a guide rail fixing block 3072, an inlet fixing frame, an inlet adjusting frame 3071, an adjusting screw, and a drive block 3076. The feed ends of the first guide rail 301 and the second guide rail 302 are respectively fixed to the two guide rail fixing blocks 3072. The guide rail fixing block 3072 connected to the first guide rail 301 is fixed to the inlet fixing frame, and the guide rail fixing block 3072 connected to the second guide rail 302 is fixedly connected to the drive block 3076.

[0081] The inlet adjustment bracket 3071 is located outside the second guide rail 302. A groove is located on the side of the inlet adjustment bracket 3071, and a through-groove is formed within this groove. A drive block 3076 is slidably connected to this through-groove. The sliding direction of the drive block 3076 is consistent with the spacing direction of the first guide rail 301 and the second guide rail 302. An adjusting screw 3073 passes through the inlet adjustment bracket 3071 and is threadedly connected to the drive block 3076 within the through-groove. The adjusting screw 3073 and the inlet adjustment bracket 3071 are rotatably connected; the adjusting screw will not move axially relative to the inlet adjustment bracket 3071. The drive block 3076, confined by the through-groove, will not rotate. By rotating the adjusting screw 3073, the drive block 3076 slides along the through-groove, thereby moving the second guide rail 302.

[0082] A knob is provided at the outer end of the adjusting screw 3073 to allow the adjusting bolt to be rotated.

[0083] A guide cover plate 3074 is provided in the groove on the side of the adjustment frame at the entrance. The guide cover plate 3074 is fixedly installed on the adjustment frame 3071 at the entrance by bolts, and at the same time, the drive block 3076 is limited in the slide groove.

[0084] The drive block 3076 has an oblong hole extending along the sliding direction. A locking member 3075 is disposed in the oblong hole. The locking member 3075 passes through the oblong hole and is threadedly connected to the adjustment bracket 3071 at the inlet. By rotating the locking member 3075, the locking member 3075 will press or release the drive block 3076, thereby limiting the movement of the drive member.

[0085] Correspondingly, the guide cover 3074 has a pass-through hole to facilitate the passage of the locking member 3075.

[0086] See also Figure 6 , Figure 7The spacing adjustment mechanism 307 located at the outlet of conveyor belt 3 mainly consists of a guide rail fixing block 3072, a transition block 3078, an outlet adjustment frame 3077, an adjusting screw, and a drive block 3076. The discharge end of the second guide rail 302 is fixed to two guide rail fixing blocks 3072. These two guide rail fixing blocks 3072 are connected to the transition block 3078 and the drive block 3076, respectively.

[0087] Two drive blocks 3076 and two adjusting screws 3073 are provided, corresponding to the first guide rail 301 and the second guide rail 302 respectively. Correspondingly, the adjusting bracket 3077 at the outlet also has two sliding grooves, in which the two drive blocks 3076 are slidably connected, and one end of each of the two adjusting screws 3073 is threadedly connected to the two drive blocks 3076. The installation method is the same as described above, and will not be described in detail here.

[0088] The outlet adjustment bracket 3077 extends horizontally on one side and spans above the first guide rail 301 and the second guide rail 302. A drive block 3076 corresponding to the first guide rail 301 is also located above the guide rail. This drive block 3076 is connected to the adapter block 3078 and is used to adjust the position of the first guide rail 301. Another drive block 3076 is located below the outlet adjustment bracket 3077 and is used to adjust the position of the first guide rail 301.

[0089] Two spacing adjustment mechanisms 307 located at the inlet and outlet of the conveyor belt 3 cooperate to adjust the spacing between the first guide rail 301 and the second guide rail 302 in order to accommodate high-strength bolt blanks of different diameters.

[0090] like Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown, a discharge plate 309 is respectively provided at the outlet of the first guide rail 301 and the second guide rail 302. The two discharge plates 309 are arranged opposite each other and inclined downwards. A guide groove is also formed between the two discharge plates 309 for guiding and conveying the blank. The discharge plates 309 are used to support the head of the blank.

[0091] A pressure plate 311 is provided above one of the discharge plates 309, and the inclination angle of the pressure plate 311 is consistent with that of the corresponding discharge plate 309. The pressure plate 311 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the adjusting block 315. The pressure plate 311 is a certain distance away from the discharge plate 309, and is used to press down on the head of the blank and position it axially.

[0092] An angle plate 313 is provided on the outside of the adjusting block 315, and the angle plate 313 is fixedly installed on the front end of the support plate 312 by bolts. A fixing plate 314 is provided above the adjusting block 315, and the fixing plate 314 is fixedly installed on the top of the support plate 312 by bolts.

[0093] A screw with a torsion knob is provided on the fixed plate 314. The screw is rotatably connected to the fixed plate 314, and the lower end of the screw is threadedly connected to a screw hole on the upper surface of the adjusting block 315. The angle plate 313 and the support plate 312 limit the rotation of the adjusting block 315. Therefore, by rotating the screw, the adjusting plate will move up and down, thereby causing the pressure plate 311 to move up and down, so as to adjust the distance between the pressure plate 311 and the discharge plate 309, and to accommodate high-strength bolts of different specifications.

[0094] An oblong hole extending vertically is provided on the angle plate 313. A screw with a torsion knob is also provided in the oblong hole. The screw passes through the oblong hole and is threaded to the side of the adjusting block 315. After the position of the discharge plate 309 is adjusted, the screw is rotated, which will tighten the adjusting block 315, so that the adjusting block 315 fits tightly against the angle plate 313 to prevent the adjusting block 315 from moving up and down.

[0095] like Figure 10 As shown, there are four feeding blocks 8, corresponding to the countersinking mechanism 4, drilling mechanism 5, square hole punching mechanism 6, and chip removal mechanism 7, respectively, and located above the corresponding mechanisms. The countersinking mechanism 4, drilling mechanism 5, square hole punching mechanism 6, and chip removal mechanism 7 are arranged sequentially, with the four feeding blocks 8 closely adjacent to each other, and gradually sloping downwards from the countersinking mechanism 4 to the chip removal mechanism 7. The countersinking mechanism 4, drilling mechanism 5, square hole punching mechanism 6, chip removal mechanism 7, and the four feeding blocks 8 are all mounted on the mounting plate 15 fixed to the inner wall of the processing space.

[0096] The guide groove formed between the two discharge plates 309 is connected to the first guide groove 8041 on the feeding block 8.

[0097] Existing machine tools use a combination of two motors, a reducer, and a leadscrew. Coaxiality in the X and Y directions is digitally adjusted via an operating screen. However, this method has significant drawbacks. After adjustment, the leadscrew is held in place by the set position. When subjected to large impact forces, such as those from punching square holes or external impact forces like those from drilling, the leadscrew deforms and moves, completely losing its reference point and accuracy. This is why this process is only suitable for machining aerospace screws where high coaxiality is not required. While it appears to achieve digital coaxiality adjustment, it is unsuitable for the large-scale, stable machining of aerospace material screws, which are subject to high forces and have stringent precision requirements. The feeding block 8 proposed in this invention completely solves this problem.

[0098] like Figures 18-21 As shown, the feeding block 8 mainly consists of a fixed base 801, a tooling fixed block 802, a first support block 804, a second support block 805, a third support block 806, an X-axis adjusting follower block 810, an X-axis adjusting block 811, a pressure block 807, a Y-axis fixed block 816, a guide rail fixed piece 809, a Y-axis adjusting wheel 813, and an X-axis adjusting wheel 814.

[0099] The back of the fixing base 801 is generally fixed to the mounting plate 15 by bolts. The fixing base 801 has an L-shaped cross-section, and the tooling fixing block 802 is installed in the groove at the bottom of the fixing base 801. A locking bolt 803 is provided on the fixing base 801. The lower end of the locking bolt 803 passes through the fixing base 801 and is threadedly connected to the threaded sleeve fixed on the tooling fixing block 802. The tooling fixing block 802 is fixed to the fixing base 801 by the locking bolt 803, which facilitates the quick installation and removal of the tooling fixing block 802 and all components installed on the tooling fixing block 802.

[0100] The tooling fixing block 802 also has an L-shaped cross-section. The Y-axis fixing block 816 is installed in the groove at the bottom of the tooling fixing block 802, and the first support plate is installed at the bottom of the Y-axis fixing block 816. The guide rail fixing piece 809 is located on the front side of the Y-axis fixing block 816 and is fixedly installed in the groove at the bottom of the tooling fixing block 802 by bolts. The second support block 805 and the third support block 806 are both installed at the bottom of the guide rail fixing piece 809.

[0101] The first support block 804 and the second support block 805 are both located in front of the first support block 804, and the second support block 805 and the third support block 806 are arranged opposite each other. The first support block 804 is T-shaped, with a portion missing from its front side to form a clearance area, making the front side of the first support block 804 Z-shaped. The third support block 806 is located within this clearance area.

[0102] See Figure 22 The Z-shaped front side of the first support block 804 mates with the sides of the second support block 805 and the third support block 806, forming a Z-shaped guide channel, namely the first guide channel 8041, between the three support blocks. This first guide channel 8041 consists of a first channel 80411, a second channel 80412, and a third channel 80413, which are connected end-to-end to form a Z-shape. A through-slot is formed between the second support block 805 and the third support block 806 at a certain distance, allowing the push rod 17 to pass through this through-slot and into the second channel 80412. The first channel 80411 and the second channel 80412 are parallel, but the first channel 80411 and the third channel 80413 are not perpendicular to the second channel 80412; the included angle between them is acute.

[0103] Since the feeding block 8 is inclined, the first guide groove 8041 is also inclined. Therefore, when the blank enters the first groove 80411, it will slide down the slope to the end of the first groove 80411, where it is formed by the outer wall of the third support block 806. Then, the push rod 17 passes through the through slot and pushes the blank into the second groove 80412, reaching the end of the second groove 80412.

[0104] Between the second groove 80412 and the third groove 80413, there is an arc surface at the junction of the adjacent inner walls of the front clearance area of ​​the first support block 804, which is adapted to the shape of the blank rod.

[0105] See Figure 27 Correspondingly, the front end of the push rod 17 has a pressing surface 171. In this embodiment, the pressing surface 171 is an arc-shaped surface formed by splicing multiple planes. When the pressing surface 171 of the extruder presses the blank, the resultant force of the pressing force of the push rod 17 on the blank is directed towards the arc surface between the second groove 80412 and the third groove 80413, so that the blank will be clamped more tightly and will not move.

[0106] In other embodiments, the extruded surface 171 can also be a quarter-circle arc surface.

[0107] A blocking part 173 is formed on the front end face of the push rod 17 near the third support block 806. The blocking part extends into and blocks the blank from being conveyed backward, preventing the blank from continuing to slide backward along the first guide groove 8041 after reaching the top of the corresponding processing mechanism.

[0108] A guide groove is formed at the bottom of the guide rail fixing plate 809, and the push rod 17 is horizontally slidably connected to the guide groove. The front extension of the push rod 17 is inserted into the through slot between the second support block 805 and the third support block 806. An anti-detachment pressure plate is provided on each side of the guide groove at the bottom of the guide rail fixing plate 809. The anti-detachment pressure plate is fixed to the bottom of the guide rail fixing plate 809 by bolts and limits the push rod 17 within the guide groove, preventing the push rod 17 from detaching from the bottom of the guide groove. The push rod 17 can only slide horizontally along the guide groove.

[0109] Define the width direction of the first slot 80411 and the third slot 80413 as the Y-axis direction, and the width direction of the second slot 80412 as the X-axis direction.

[0110] like Figure 25 As shown, the X-axis adjusting follower block 810 and the X-axis adjusting block 811 are located on both sides of the first support block 804. The first support block 804 has a first adjusting hole on the side away from the second support block 805 and the third support block 806. This first adjusting hole extends along the Y-axis direction, and the Y-axis adjusting wheel 813 is located within the first adjusting hole, with its shaft threadedly connected to the Y-axis fixing block 816. The X-axis adjusting block 811 has a second adjusting hole extending along the X-axis direction. The X-axis adjusting wheel 814 is located within the second adjusting hole, and its shaft is threadedly connected to the tooling fixing block 802.

[0111] The surface of the first adjusting hole that contacts the Y-axis adjusting wheel 813 has a flat plane, which aligns with the X-axis direction. The Y-axis adjusting wheel 813 is tangent to this plane, and its rotation compresses the plane. The surface of the second adjusting hole that contacts the X-axis adjusting wheel 814 also has a flat plane, which aligns with the Y-axis direction. The X-axis adjusting wheel 814 is tangent to this plane, and its rotation compresses the plane.

[0112] In this embodiment, both the Y-axis adjusting wheel 813 and the X-axis adjusting wheel 814 are eccentric wheels. The eccentric wheel includes a first shaft, a second shaft, and a wheel body. The first and second shafts are located on opposite axial sides of the wheel body, coaxial but not coaxial with the wheel body. The distance between the first and second shafts and the wheel body's axis differs by tens of micrometers, thus allowing for fine-tuning. The first shaft is threaded to the Y-axis fixing block 816. The second shaft has an internal hexagonal hole at its end. By turning the second shaft with a wrench, the wheel body rotates eccentrically, pressing against the first support block 804, causing it to move along the Y-axis direction, thus fine-tuning the width of the first groove 80411 and the third groove 80413.

[0113] Similarly, rotating the eccentric wheel along the X-axis will compress the X-axis adjusting block 811. The X-axis adjusting block 811 protrudes outward from the middle area on one side facing the Y-axis fixing block 816, forming a flat compression part. This compression part compresses the Y-axis fixing block 816, causing the Y-axis fixing block 816 to move along the X-axis towards the side where the X-axis adjusting follower block 810 is located, thus fine-tuning the width of the second groove 80412.

[0114] In other technical solutions, the Y-axis adjusting wheel 813 and the X-axis adjusting wheel 814 can also be cams.

[0115] The X-axis adjusting block 811 is fixed to the bottom of the tooling fixing block 802 by bolts. The bolt hole on the X-axis adjusting block 811 and the bolt are clearance fit so that the X-axis adjusting block 811 can move in the X-axis direction with a margin. After the bolt passes through the bolt hole, it is threadedly connected to the tooling fixing block 802.

[0116] The first support block 804 has multiple bolt holes, which are countersunk holes. The first support block 804 is fixed to the bottom of the Y-axis fixing block 816 by countersunk bolts. The countersunk bolts and the bolt holes on the first support block 804 are clearance fit to allow sufficient allowance for the first support block 804 to move and make fine adjustments. After passing through the bolt holes, the countersunk bolts are threaded into the Y-axis fixing block 816.

[0117] Within the bottom groove of the tooling fixing block 802, a Y-axis positioning block 817 is located on the side of the Y-axis fixing block 816 near the Y-axis adjusting wheel 813. This Y-axis positioning block 817 is in close contact with the side of the Y-axis fixing block 816, positioning the Y-axis of the Y-axis positioning block 817. A certain distance is maintained between the Y-axis positioning block 817 and the first support block 804. Two bolts are threaded onto the Y-axis positioning block 817, passing through it from the side and abutting against the first support block 804. This allows the Y-axis adjusting wheel 813 to make minor adjustments to the Y-axis direction of the first support block 804, and then the bolts are rotated to position the first support block 804 in the Y-axis direction.

[0118] The X-axis adjustment follower block 810 is fixed to the bottom of the tooling fixing block 802 by bolts. A guide fixing block 812 is provided on the side of the tooling fixing block 802. The upper and lower ends of the guide fixing block 812 are respectively embedded into the grooves on the side of the tooling fixing block 802 and the X-axis adjustment follower block 810. A bolt is threaded to each of the upper and lower ends of the guide fixing block 812. The upper end of the guide fixing block 812 is fixedly connected to the tooling fixing block 802 by bolts. After the bolt located on the lower side of the guide fixing block 812 is threaded to the guide fixing block 812, it passes through the guide fixing block 812 and abuts against the X-axis adjustment limit block 8101.

[0119] The bottom of the X-axis adjustment follower block 810 has a cavity, and the X-axis adjustment limit block 8101 is located in the cavity and can move relative to the cavity. One end of the X-axis adjustment limit block 8101 extends out of the cavity and abuts against the side of the first support block 804.

[0120] Before fine-tuning the X-axis direction of the first support block 804, the X-axis adjusting wheel 814 and the X-axis adjusting block 811 loosen the bolts on the guide fixing block 812 that abut against the X-axis adjusting limit block 8101, so that the X-axis adjusting limit block 8101 can retract into the cavity at the bottom of the X-axis adjusting follower block 810, leaving room for the X-axis movement of the first support block 804. After fine-tuning, the bolts are tightened so that the bolts abut against the X-axis adjusting limit block 8101, and the protruding end of the X-axis adjusting limit block 8101 abuts against the side of the first support block 804 again to prevent it from moving.

[0121] All structures at the bottom of the fixed seat 801 in the loading block 8 can be disassembled from the fixed seat 801. After adjusting the coaxiality in the X and Y directions by adjusting the adjusting wheel, the disassembled structures are inserted back into the machine tool and locked. The corresponding support blocks at the bottom of the loading block 8 have a self-locking function in the X and Y directions (that is, after adjusting by adjusting the adjusting wheel, they are locked by bolts). They will not be displaced when subjected to large impact forces such as punching or large impact forces such as impacts from drilling stations. The positioning in the X and Y coaxial directions is stable and reliable, making it more suitable for the large-scale stable processing of aerospace material screws with large forces and strict precision requirements.

[0122] See Figure 20 A label plate 815 is provided at the bottom of the first support block 804, which is marked with the Y-axis and X-axis directions. The corresponding position on the label plate 815 has a hole for the Y-axis adjusting wheel 813 and the X-axis adjusting wheel 814 to be exposed.

[0123] The protruding portion of the second support block 805 and the third support block 806 on the side away from the first support block 804 is embedded into the sliding groove on the inner wall of the bottom groove of the guide rail fixing piece 809, so that when the distance between the second support block 805 and the third support block 806 is adjusted, they can slide along the sliding groove.

[0124] The guide rail fixing plate 809 has oblong holes extending along the X-axis on its side and top surfaces. Each oblong hole contains a bolt. After the distance between the second support block 805 and the third support block 806 is adjusted, the bolt passes through the oblong holes and is threaded to the side and top surfaces of the first support block 804 and the second support block 805, thereby fixing the first support block 804 and the second support block 805 to the guide rail fixing plate 809.

[0125] There is an appropriate gap between the first support block 804 and the tooling fixing block 802 to accommodate the pressure block 807 and the cap pressure plate 808. Both the pressure block 807 and the cap pressure plate 808 are located above the first support block 804 and spaced a certain distance from it. The pressure block 807 is suspended below the tooling fixing block 802 by bolts. The lower end of the bolts passes through the tooling fixing block 802 and is threadedly connected to the pressure block 807. The height of the pressure block 807 can be adjusted by rotating the bolts to accommodate different sizes of high-strength bolts.

[0126] See Figure 19 Two cap-head pressing plates 808 are provided, corresponding to the first groove 80411 and the third groove 80413 of the first guide groove 8041, respectively, and located above the edges of the first groove 80411 and the second groove 80412, forming a guide space between them and the first support block 804 to facilitate the sliding of the blank head. The cap-head pressing plates 808 can press down the head of the blank to prevent the blank from falling out of the guide groove during the sliding process.

[0127] The pressure block 807 is located directly above the second groove 80412 of the first guide groove 8041, and specifically directly above the arc surface where the second groove 80412 and the third groove 80413 intersect. After the push rod 17 presses the blank against this arc surface, when drilling the tail end of the blank rod, the pressure block 807 can position the axial progress of the blank, preventing the machining head from pushing the blank out of the guide groove.

[0128] Two cap pressure plates 808 are fixed to both sides of the pressure block 807 by bolts, and the cap pressure plates 808 have waist-shaped holes that extend vertically to adjust the vertical position of the cap pressure plates 808.

[0129] Correspondingly, there is also a receiving groove in the bottom groove of the tooling fixing block 802 for accommodating the cap pressure plate 808.

[0130] See Figure 22 , Figure 24 As shown, a receiving groove is located on the side of the third support block 806, directly opposite the first groove 80411. This receiving groove is semi-open, and one side of the receiving groove has a notch that communicates with the first groove 80411 and the second groove 80412. A baffle plate 8061 is provided inside the receiving groove. The baffle plate 8061 is rotatably connected to a cover plate, and the cover plate is fixedly installed on the third support block 806 by screws, sealing the area of ​​the receiving groove except for the notch.

[0131] The shape of the receiving groove is adapted to the shape of the baffle plate 8061, but its size is slightly larger than that of the baffle plate 8061 to allow sufficient space for the baffle plate 8061 to rotate. A spring is also provided in the receiving groove, one end of which is connected to the first support block 804 and the other end is connected to the baffle plate 8061.

[0132] The baffle plate 8061 has a protrusion on one side. The spring applies a preload force to the baffle plate 8061, causing the protrusion of the baffle plate 8061 to extend out of the notch and into the second groove 80412.

[0133] See Figure 25 , Figure 26 When the blank slides downwards along the first groove 80411, it is blocked by the protrusion of the baffle plate 8061 at the end of the first groove 80411, thus pre-positioning the blank. This prevents multiple blanks from falling into the second groove 80412 simultaneously, ensuring that only one blank is pushed into the second groove 80412 at a time. Then, the push rod 17 passes through the through slot and presses down on the blank. The protrusion of the baffle plate 8061 is subjected to compressive force, causing the baffle plate 8061 to deflect. The spring stores energy, and the protrusion retracts into the receiving groove. Under the pressure of the push rod 17, the blank slides from the front end of the second groove 80412 to the rear end arc surface of the second groove 80412, where it is clamped between the arc surface and the extrusion surface 171 at the front end of the push rod 17.

[0134] When push rod 17 returns to its original position and is withdrawn from the second slot 80412, the spring releases energy, and the protrusion of the baffle plate 8061 re-extends from the notch under the action of the spring.

[0135] like Figure 23As shown, the first support block 804 has an arc surface extending to the junction of the second groove 80412 and the third groove 80413 inside, and the air blowing direction of the air blowing hole 80401 is towards the extension direction of the third groove 80413. Since oil needs to be sprayed on the blank during processing, the blank may stick to the arc surface. By blowing air onto the blank through the air blowing hole 80401, the blank can be blown into the third groove 80413, and the oil can be blown away at the same time.

[0136] Traditional machine tools use multiple large cams on a single shaft to achieve synchronous blank clamping at each station. The clamping speed and clamping force are not adjustable. This is very uncoordinated for stations with significant differences in hole depth and force, such as drilling center holes and punching square holes. Only the average speed and force can be used, which leads to instability in the processing of high-temperature alloys or large-diameter aerospace screws at the punching square hole station.

[0137] like Figure 3 , Figure 17 As shown, this application provides a linkage drive mechanism 16 above each feeding block 8, which drives the push rod 17 to slide relative to the guide rail fixing plate 809, controls the push rod 17 to pass through the through slot, and presses the blank against the arc surface. Each linkage drive mechanism 16 is independently controlled.

[0138] The linkage 165 drive mechanism 16 mainly includes a protective frame 161, a drive cylinder 162, a connecting rod 165, and an extension rod 163. The protective frame 161 is typically fixedly mounted on the machine tool, and the drive cylinder 162 is horizontally fixedly mounted on top of the protective frame. The output end of the drive cylinder 162 is fixedly connected to the extension rod 163, and the other end of the extension rod 163 is fixedly connected to a connecting sleeve 164. The other end of the connecting sleeve 164 is hinged to the connecting rod 165. The protective frame 161 has a rectangular hole through which the connecting rod 165 passes vertically. The lower end of the connecting rod 165 passes through the rectangular hole and extends to the bottom of the protective frame 161.

[0139] The middle part of the connecting rod 165 is rotatably connected to the protective frame 161 via a pivot, and the rectangular hole can limit the rotation angle of the connecting rod 165.

[0140] In this embodiment, the lower end of the connecting rod 165 is connected to a pin fixing block 166, and the upper end of the pin fixing block 166 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the connecting rod 165 by bolts. A pin 167 is provided at the lower end of the pin fixing block 166. Correspondingly, an arc-shaped groove 172 is provided on the upper surface of the tail end of the push rod 17. The arc-shaped groove 172 is "U"-shaped, and the pin 167 is partially embedded in the arc-shaped groove 172. When the drive cylinder 162 drives the connecting rod 165 to rotate relative to the protective frame 161, it will drive the pin 167 to move in an arc-shaped trajectory. The pin 167 embedded in the arc-shaped groove 172 will push the push rod 17 to slide relative to the guide rail fixing piece 809. When the connecting rod 165 rotates clockwise, it pushes the push rod 17 into the second groove 80412. When the connecting rod 165 rotates counterclockwise, it pulls the push rod 17 out of the second groove 80412.

[0141] In other embodiments, a waist-shaped hole can be formed at the lower end of the connecting rod 165, extending along the length of the connecting rod 165. The upper end of the pin fixing block 166 is rotatably connected to the waist-shaped hole via a pin 167, and the lower end of the pin fixing block 166 is hinged to the rear end of the push rod 17 via a pin 167. When the connecting rod 165 rotates, the pin fixing block 166 pushes or pulls the push rod 17 to slide.

[0142] Each workstation utilizes an independent small pneumatic cylinder in conjunction with a lever-type speed-increasing and force-enhancing mechanism to achieve independent and rapid force-increasing clamping of the workpiece. The purpose of the small pneumatic cylinder is to achieve rapid movement of the cylinder piston rod with only a small flow of compressed air. The added lever not only amplifies the force but also makes the clamping action faster. Each workstation can independently adjust the clamping parameters and clamping force, making it particularly suitable for multi-station applications with varying requirements for clamping force and speed. It is especially suitable for multi-station machining applications involving aerospace material parts, where the processing forces and depths vary significantly.

[0143] See Figure 3 , Figure 4 The four mechanisms are arranged sequentially according to the processing order. The four feeding blocks 8 are close to each other and inclined in the direction of the processing order. Therefore, the first guide grooves 8041 on the four feeding blocks 8 are connected end to end in sequence, thus forming a through material channel. The blank can slide along this material channel to the corresponding process position.

[0144] As mentioned in the patent application CN114750001A regarding the full-process machining of high-strength bolt tail ends, a dotting structure is used during the machining process to achieve dotting lubrication for drilling and punching. It is well known that the materials used for aerospace high-strength bolts are mostly high-strength TC4 titanium alloy, with a small portion being high-strength high-temperature alloys such as A286 or Inconel 718. The common cooling and lubrication method for this material, both domestically and internationally, is to spray cooling oil or coolant at high flow rates to achieve cooling and lubrication during drilling and punching. The fundamental reason for the use of dotting lubrication described in this patent application is a serious design flaw. All motors, cables, couplings, spindle bearings, linear guides, translation mechanism slides, etc., are directly exposed to areas where oil can directly splash due to this flawed design, making it impossible to achieve sealing and protection against oil splashing. The only way to prevent corrosion damage to these components is by dripping oil. The various moving and positioning parts of the machine tool are frequently jammed by iron powder and fine iron filings that should have been flushed away by the coolant (using dotting lubrication).

[0145] Secondly, all drilling and punching servo drive devices adopted the design described in this application. Figure 16 The stepped linear guide structure with different axes (which generates a significant overturning torque) is used instead of the coaxial cylindrical guide structure (which has no overturning torque). Therefore, the servo drive device in this patent application has poor rigidity and large deformation after being subjected to force, which is not suitable for the processing of aerospace fasteners with extremely high coaxiality accuracy requirements.

[0146] The countersinking mechanism 4, drilling mechanism 5, square hole punching mechanism 6, and chip removal mechanism 7 of this invention are different from those in this application.

[0147] See Figure 11 The countersinking mechanism 4, drilling mechanism 5, and chip removal mechanism 7 have similar structures, but their functions and the machining heads on the mechanisms are different. A protective cover 18 is provided on the outside of the countersinking mechanism 4, drilling mechanism 5, square hole punching mechanism 6, and chip removal mechanism 7 to protect the internal motor.

[0148] like Figure 12 , Figure 13 As shown, the countersinking mechanism 4 mainly consists of a first feed control component 403, a rotation control component 402, and a countersinking head 401. The first feed control component 403 includes a first housing 4031, a second housing 4032, a guide sleeve 4033, an anti-rotation block 4035, and a first servo motor 4034. The second housing 4032 is fixedly mounted on the first housing 4031, and the two are connected by a guide hole extending along the length of both housings. The anti-rotation block 4035 can slide along the guide hole. The first housing 4031 is generally fixedly mounted on a pad, and then mounted on the machine tool via the pad.

[0149] A guide key 4038 is provided on each side of the guide hole on the first housing 4031. The anti-rotation block 4035 is located between the two guide keys 4038 and slides in contact with the guide keys 4038. The guide keys 4038 guide the sliding of the anti-rotation block 4035 and restrict the rotation of the anti-rotation block 4035.

[0150] The first housing 4031 has a through hole that extends from front to back. The guide sleeve 4033 is inserted into the through hole, and both ends of the guide sleeve 4033 extend a certain length from the through hole so as to allow for a certain amount of space when the guide sleeve 4033 moves telescopically relative to the through hole.

[0151] A guide sleeve 4040 is provided at each of the front and rear ends of the through hole, and the guide sleeve 4033 is slidably connected to the two guide sleeves 4040 through the through hole. The anti-rotation block 4035 is fixedly installed on the outside of the guide sleeve 4033. The lower end of the anti-rotation block 4035 is embedded in the groove on the outer wall of the guide sleeve 4033 and fixed by bolts. The upper end of the anti-rotation block 4035 extends into the second housing 4032 through the guide hole.

[0152] Each guide bushing 4040 and guide sleeve 4033 has a threaded groove extending from its contact surface. The threaded groove is used to inject lubricant, so that the lubricant can wet the surface of the guide sleeve 4033 and allow the guide sleeve 4033 to slide axially relative to the guide bushing 4040.

[0153] A feed end cover 4037 is provided at each of the front and rear ends of the first housing 4031. The feed end cover 4037 is fixedly connected to the first housing 4031 by bolts and is used to seal and fix the guide bushing 4040 in the through hole of the first housing 4031.

[0154] The first servo motor 4034 is fixedly installed on the outer end of the second housing 4032. The output shaft of the first servo motor 4034 is connected to the lead screw 4039 through a coupling. The lead screw is located inside the second housing 4032. One end of the lead screw connected to the output shaft of the motor is rotatably connected to the second housing 4032 through a bearing, and the other end is threadedly connected to the lead screw nut fixed on the upper end of the anti-rotation block 4035.

[0155] The first servo motor 4034 drives the lead screw 4039 to rotate. Since the anti-rotation block 4035 will not rotate due to the restriction of the guide hole, the guide sleeve 4033 connected to the anti-rotation block 4035 will also not rotate. Therefore, the lead screw 4039 will drive the anti-rotation block 4035 to slide along the guide hole, thereby driving the guide sleeve 4033 to move axially and retract relative to the through hole on the first housing 4031, and then controlling the feed motion of the countersink 401.

[0156] The rotation control assembly 402 is mounted on the guide sleeve 4033. This rotation control assembly 402 mainly consists of a rotary spindle 4022 and a second servo motor 4021. The second servo motor 4021 is fixedly mounted at the rear end of the guide sleeve 4033. The rotary spindle 4022 is located inside the guide sleeve 4033, and its front and rear ends are rotatably connected to the two ends of the guide sleeve 4033 via ball bearings. The output shaft of the second servo motor 4021 is connected to the rear end of the rotary spindle 4022 via a coupling, driving the rotary spindle 4022 to rotate relative to the guide sleeve 4033.

[0157] Three ball bearings, a spacer, a locking sleeve, and an adjusting nut are arranged near the front end of the rotary spindle 4022. The adjusting nut is threaded onto the front end of the rotary spindle 4022 and is flush with the front end face of the guide sleeve 4033. A sealing ring is provided on the inner ring of the adjusting nut. The spacer is fitted onto the rotary spindle 4022, with two ball bearings located between the adjusting nut and the spacer, and the other ball bearing located on the other side of the spacer. The locking sleeve is fixedly installed on the rotary spindle 4022 and is tightly against the ball bearings, so that the three ball bearings, the spacer, and the adjusting nut are tightly against each other.

[0158] A locking sleeve, a bearing housing end cover, and two ball bearings are located near the rear end of the rotary spindle 4022. The two ball bearings are close together. The locking sleeve is fixedly installed at the rear end of the rotary spindle 4022, located between the ball bearings and the coupling. The bearing housing end cover is sleeved on the rotary spindle 4022 and fixedly connected to the guide sleeve 4033 by bolts. The bearing housing end cover is located outside the locking sleeve, sealing both the locking cover and the ball bearings within the guide sleeve 4033.

[0159] A rotary end cap 4036 is provided at the front end of the guide sleeve 4033. The rotary end cap 4036 can be threaded to the guide sleeve 4033, or it can be fixedly connected to the guide sleeve 4033 or an adjusting nut by bolts. The rotary end cap 4036 seals the front end of the guide sleeve 4033, thus preventing dust.

[0160] The front end of the rotary spindle 4022 passes through the rotary end cover 4036 and extends a certain length. A tool holder 404 is provided at the front end of the rotary spindle 4022, and the countersink 401 is installed at the front end of the tool holder 404. The rear end of the tool holder 404 is inserted into a slot at the front end of the rotary spindle 4022, and the slot is tapered.

[0161] A connector is provided at the rear end of the tool holder 404. One end of the connector is inserted into the slot at the front end of the rotary spindle 4022, and the other end of the connector is inserted into the tool holder 404, with a tapered surface fit between the connector and the tool holder 404.

[0162] See Figure 16 An internal hex bolt 4041 is provided near the rear end of the tool holder 404. The internal hex bolt 4041 passes through the rotary spindle 4022 and the tool holder 404 and is threadedly connected to the connector. By tightening the internal hex bolt 4041 with a wrench, the conical surface on the connector presses against the tool holder 404, thereby causing the tool holder 404 to tend to move axially toward the rear end of the rotary spindle 4022, thus fixing the tool holder 404 on the rotary spindle 4022 and preventing it from detaching from the rotary spindle 4022.

[0163] When the second servo motor 4021 drives the rotary spindle 4022 to rotate, it will drive the countersink 401 to rotate. When the first servo motor 4034 controls the feed motion of the guide sleeve 4033, it will drive the structure including the second servo motor 4021, the rotary spindle 4022 and the countersink 401 to feed together. That is, the first feed control component 403 and the rotation control component 402 will not interfere with each other when they are working, and at the same time, the accuracy of axial movement can be guaranteed.

[0164] See also Figure 11 The drilling mechanism 5 mainly includes a first feed control component 403, a rotation control component 402, and a drill bit 501. Except for the structure and function of the processing head (i.e., the drill bit 501), the other structures and installation methods are the same as those of the counterboring mechanism 4, so they will not be described in detail here.

[0165] Similarly, the chip removal mechanism 7 has the same structure as the countersinking mechanism 4 and the drilling mechanism 5. The front end of the chip removal mechanism 7 is a milling head 701. When the punching mechanism 6 punches the tail end of the high-strength bolt, it will push the waste chips into the bottom of the hole. The waste chips will remain at the bottom of the hole. At this time, the milling head 701 will extend into the hole to stir and clean out the remaining waste chips.

[0166] like Figure 14 , Figure 15As shown, the punching mechanism 6 mainly includes a punch 601 and a second feed control assembly 602 that controls the feed movement of the punch 601. The second feed control assembly 602 has a similar structure to the first feed control assembly 403. The second feed control assembly 602 mainly consists of a third housing 6021, a guide spindle 4022 sleeve, a lead screw 4039, a lead screw nut, a reducer 6022, and a third servo motor 6023. The third housing 6021 is generally fixed to a pad and mounted on the machine tool via the pad. The rear end of the guide spindle 4022 sleeve is inserted into the third housing 6021 from the front end and passes through a through hole on the third housing 6021. A guide sleeve 4040 is provided in this through hole, and the guide spindle 4022 sleeve passes through this guide sleeve 4040.

[0167] Both the guide sleeve 4040 and the guide mandrel 4022 have threaded grooves extending outwards, i.e. threaded grooves. The threaded grooves are used to inject lubricating fluid, so that the lubricating fluid can wet the surface of the guide mandrel 4022 and allow the guide mandrel 4022 to slide axially relative to the guide sleeve 4040.

[0168] A feed end cover 4037 is provided at the front end of the third housing 6021. The feed end cover 4037 is fixedly connected to the third housing 6021 by bolts and is used to seal and fix the guide sleeve 4040 in the through hole of the third housing 6021.

[0169] The lead screw nut is fixedly installed at the rear end of the guide spindle 4022 sleeve. One end of the lead screw 4039 passes through the lead screw nut and can extend into the guide spindle 4022 sleeve. The guide spindle 4022 sleeve is hollow. The lead screw 4039 and the lead screw nut are connected by threads. The output shaft of the third servo motor 6023 is connected to the input end of the reducer 6022. The reducer 6022 is fixedly installed at the rear end of the third housing 6021. The output end of the reducer 6022 is connected to the end of the lead screw 4039 away from the lead screw nut via a coupling. The lead screw 4039 is rotatably connected to the third housing 6021 via a bearing. A bearing seat end cover is also provided at the rear end of the third housing 6021. This bearing seat end cover is located inside the third housing 6021 and is fixed to the third housing 6021 by bolts. The bearing seat end cover seals and fixes the bearing inside the third housing 6021.

[0170] The third housing 6021 also has a guide hole. An anti-rotation block 4035 is located on the outer side of the guide spindle 4022 sleeve near the rear end. The lower end of the anti-rotation block 4035 is embedded in a groove on the outer wall of the guide spindle 4022 sleeve and fixed thereto with bolts. The upper end of the anti-rotation block 4035 extends into the guide hole. A guide key 4038 is provided on each side of the guide hole. The anti-rotation block 4035 is located between the two guide keys 4038 and slides in contact with them. The guide keys 4038 guide the sliding of the anti-rotation block 4035 and simultaneously restrict its rotation.

[0171] A roller 40351 is provided on the anti-rotation block 4035. The roller 40351 makes rolling contact with the guide key 4038, reducing the friction when the anti-rotation block 4035 slides.

[0172] An adapter sleeve 6025 is provided at the front end of the guide mandrel 4022, and a tool holder 404 is provided at the front end of the adapter sleeve 6025. The punch 601 is installed at the front end of the tool holder 404. The specific installation method of the tool holder 404 is the same as the structure in the counterboring mechanism 4 described above, and will not be described in detail here.

[0173] When the third servo motor 6023 is working, it transmits power to the lead screw 4039 through the reducer 6022, driving the lead screw 4039 to rotate. Because the anti-rotation block 4035 is restricted by the guide hole, it will not rotate, and therefore the guide sleeve 4033 connected to the anti-rotation block 4035 will also not rotate. When the lead screw 4039 rotates, the rotational force is converted into axial force through the engagement of the lead screw nut. Therefore, the lead screw 4039 will drive the anti-rotation block 4035 to slide along the guide hole, thereby causing the guide spindle 4022 sleeve to move axially relative to the through hole on the third housing 6021, thus controlling the feed motion of the punch 601.

[0174] In other words, the punch 601 of the punching mechanism 6 can only move forward and backward, and will not rotate.

[0175] During processing, the countersinking mechanism 4 first controls the rotation and feed motion of the countersinking head 401 to countersink a center hole at the tail end of the high-strength bolt for subsequent finishing. This center hole is coaxial with the central axis of the high-strength bolt. Next, the drilling mechanism 5 controls the rotation and feed motion of the drill bit 501 to process the center hole, forming a circular hole. Then, the punching mechanism 6 controls the feed motion of the punch 601 to punch an internal hexagonal hole in the circular hole. Finally, the chip removal mechanism 7 controls the rotation and feed motion of the milling head 701 to agitate and clean out the chips punched into the internal hexagonal hole, completing the chip removal process.

[0176] Existing machine tools use a motor and reducer to drive a cam. The spindle that rotates at the top of the cam achieves drilling and punching at a fixed distance and feed speed. The entire cam mechanism is then supported by a variable frequency motor and a trapezoidal screw below to adjust the drilling and punching depth. However, this method has too many transmission chains, poor rigidity, large depth machining errors, and the feed speed cannot be adjusted. It is not well-suited for machining aerospace materials such as titanium alloys and high-temperature alloys, which require different feed speeds.

[0177] As can be seen from the above description, the combination of servo motor ball screw feed drive and servo motor rotary shaft realizes digital processing of drilling and punching depth displacement and feed speed during drilling and punching, which is especially suitable for processing aerospace materials such as titanium alloys and high-temperature alloys that correspond to different feed speeds.

[0178] During loading, when the blank slides above the countersinking mechanism 4, the corresponding push rod 17 pushes the blank into the tail end of the second groove 80412 of the first guide groove 8041 and clamps it, so that the blank is directly above the countersink 401 and coaxial with the countersink 401. The countersink 401, drill 501, punch 601 and milling head 701 are perpendicular to the corresponding first guide groove 8041. The fine adjustment of the first support block 804, the second support block 805 and the third support block 806 is also to adapt to high-strength bolts of different specifications and to make the high-strength bolt blanks of different specifications coaxial with the processing heads including the countersink 401, drill 501, punch 601 and milling head 701, to prevent eccentricity between the blank to be processed and the processing head. If eccentricity occurs, the position of the first support block 804, the second support block 805 and the third support block 806 can be finely adjusted. Especially the position of the first support block 804.

[0179] The finished high-strength bolts flow out from the feeding block 8 above the chip removal mechanism 7. The material distribution mechanism 9 is located at the discharge port.

[0180] like Figure 28 As shown, the material distribution mechanism 9 mainly consists of a feeding hopper 901, a distribution plate 903, and a distribution cylinder 902. The feeding hopper 901 has a receiving port at its top, through which the finished high-strength bolts fall into the feeding hopper 901. The space inside the feeding hopper 901 is divided into two parts. The distribution plate 903 is located above the two spaces. The distribution cylinder 902 is installed on the outside of the feeding hopper 901, and its output end is connected to the distribution plate 903 inside the feeding hopper 901, driving the distribution plate 903 to rotate. During rotation, the distribution plate 903 obscures the two spaces respectively.

[0181] The bottom of the hopper has two discharge ports that are connected to two separate spaces, and each discharge port is connected to a discharge pipe 904. The qualified and unqualified high-strength bolts produced are separated by the distribution plate 903 and flow out from the two discharge pipes 904 respectively.

[0182] A material box 13 is installed below each discharge pipe 904. See also Figure 2 The material box 13 is placed inside the material rack 12 fixed to the machine body 1. The bottom of the material box 13 has several small holes so that residual oil on the high-locking bolts falling into the material box 13 can flow into the material rack 12.

[0183] The bottom of the rack 12 has an outlet, the bottom of which is connected to a pipe that extends to the top of the oil unloading tank 14 inside the machine body 1. The remaining oil will eventually collect in the oil unloading tank 14.

[0184] During the hole machining process of the blank, the sensors installed on the countersinking mechanism 4, drilling mechanism 5, square hole punching mechanism 6 and chip removal mechanism 7 will detect the torque of the high-strength bolt. Once the torque is overloaded or changes in some way, the system will automatically determine whether the high-strength bolt is qualified, and then the qualified and unqualified products will be screened by the material sorting mechanism 9.

[0185] like Figure 1 As shown, the oil unloading tank 14 is located at the bottom of the processing space inside the machine body 1, below the counterboring mechanism 4, drilling mechanism 5, square hole punching mechanism 6 and chip removal mechanism 7. The oil and waste chips generated during the processing will also fall into the oil unloading tank 14 for collection.

[0186] The waste collection mechanism 10 is located at the bottom of the machine body 1. The middle of the oil unloading tank 14 is open from top to bottom and is connected to the collection tank in the waste collection mechanism 10. The oil and waste will eventually flow into the collection tank, and the waste collection mechanism 10 will collect and process the oil and waste.

[0187] An oil mist purifier 11 is installed on the top of the machine body 1. This oil mist purifier 11 is an electrostatic oil mist purifier 11, which is connected to the processing space inside the machine body 1. Air containing oil mist in the processing space is drawn into the purifier by a fan and enters the ionization zone. The electric field ionizes the air molecules, generating a large number of positive ions and electrons. Oil mist particles become charged when passing through these ions, acquiring a positive charge. The charged oil mist particles enter the dust collection zone with the airflow. According to the principle of "opposites attract," the positively charged oil mist particles are strongly adsorbed onto the negatively charged dust collection plate. The oil mist particles adsorbed on the dust collection plate gradually gather and condense into oil droplets. When the oil droplets reach a certain size, they automatically drip into the oil collection tank at the bottom under gravity, thus achieving oil recovery and air purification. The purified clean air is finally discharged.

[0188] See Figure 3 As shown, four square holes are provided on the mounting plate 15, corresponding to the counterboring mechanism 4, drilling mechanism 5, square hole punching mechanism 6, and chip removal mechanism 7, respectively. The square holes are used to install a broken tool detector (not shown in the figure). The broken tool detector is used to automatically, quickly, and accurately detect whether the cutting tools (such as milling cutters, drill bits 501, etc.) are broken, excessively worn, or missing during CNC machining, thereby avoiding the scrapping of machined parts and equipment damage, and greatly improving the degree of production automation and product quality.

[0189] The above technical solutions only embody the preferred technical solutions of the present invention. Any modifications that may be made by those skilled in the art to certain parts thereof embody the principles of the present invention and fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A terraced feeding and guiding device, characterized in that, It includes at least one feeding block for guiding and conveying blanks, the feeding block including a first support block, a second support block, a third support block, a pressure block, a Y-axis fixing block, and rotatable Y-axis adjusting wheels and X-axis adjusting wheels; The first support block is arranged opposite to the second and third support blocks, and a first guide groove for guiding and conveying the blank is formed between the first support block, the second support block and the third support block. The width of the first guide groove is adapted to the diameter of the blank rod. The pressure block is located above the middle area of ​​the first guide groove to limit the axial movement of the blank. The first support block is adjustablely mounted on the bottom of the Y-axis fixing block. The Y-axis adjusting wheel is threadedly connected to the Y-axis fixing block, and the Y-axis adjusting wheel can press the first support block during rotation to fine-tune the Y-axis position of the first support block. The X-axis adjusting wheel is located on one side of the Y-axis fixing block, and the X-axis adjusting wheel can press the Y-axis fixing block during rotation to fine-tune the X-axis position of the first support block and the Y-axis fixing block. A slidable push rod is provided between the second support block and the third support block. The push rod can pass through the first guide groove to clamp the blank. The first guide groove includes a first groove, a second groove, and a third groove that are connected end to end. The three grooves are connected end to end and spliced ​​into a Z-shape. The first groove is formed between the first support block and the second support block. The second groove and the third groove are formed between the adjacent sides of the second support block and the first support block, respectively. A through slot is formed between the second support block and the third support block, which communicates with the second groove. The push rod can be inserted into the second groove along the through slot and can push the blank located at the end of the first groove along the second groove to the beginning of the third groove and press it against it.

2. The terraced feeding and guiding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two cap-shaped pressure plates are provided above the first support block. The two cap-shaped pressure plates are located above the edges of the first groove and the second groove, respectively, and are spaced at an appropriate distance from the first support block, so as to press down and guide the head of the blank.

3. The terraced feeding and guiding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second support block has an internal receiving groove, in which a spring and a rotatable baffle are provided. The second support block has a notch on the side near the second groove to allow the baffle to be partially exposed. The spring can apply a preload to the baffle, causing the baffle to be partially exposed at the notch, so as to block the blank from sliding along the guide of the second groove.

4. The terraced feeding and guiding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first support block has a clearance area on the side near the third support block. The adjacent side walls of the clearance area form a second groove and a third groove with the adjacent side walls of the third support block, respectively. The intersection of the adjacent side walls of the clearance area has an arc surface that matches the shape of the blank. The interior of the first support block has an air hole extending to the arc surface. The air blowing direction of the air hole is consistent with the extension direction of the third groove.

5. The terraced feeding and guiding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding block also includes: A fixing base, wherein a locking bolt is provided on the fixing base; A tooling fixing block is installed at the bottom of the fixing seat and threadedly connected to the locking bolt. The Y-axis fixing block is movably installed in the groove at the bottom of the tooling fixing block. The pressure block is connected to the tooling fixing block by bolts. X-axis adjustment follower block, the X-axis adjustment follower block is located on one side of the Y-axis fixed block, and is adjustablely installed in the groove at the bottom of the tooling fixed block; The X-axis adjusting block is located on the side of the Y-axis fixed block away from the X-axis adjusting follower block and is movably installed in the groove at the bottom of the tooling fixed block. The X-axis adjusting wheel is located in the receiving groove on the X-axis adjusting block and is threadedly connected to the tooling fixed block.

6. The terraced feeding and guiding device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bottom of the tooling fixing block is provided with a guide rail fixing plate. The second support block and the third support block are adjustablely installed on the bottom of the guide rail fixing plate. The bottom of the guide rail fixing plate has a guide groove to facilitate the sliding of the push rod. The bottom of the guide rail fixing plate is provided with anti-detachment pressure plates on both sides of the guide groove to prevent the push rod from detaching from the guide groove.

7. The terraced feeding and guiding device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The bottom of the guide rail fixing plate has a mounting groove, and the second and third support blocks are installed in the mounting groove by bolts. The guide rail fixing plate has a waist-shaped hole extending along the X-axis direction to adjust the distance between the second and third support blocks.

8. The terraced feeding and guiding device according to claim 5, characterized in that, An X-axis guide block is provided on the side of the tooling fixing block near the X-axis adjustment follower block. One end of the X-axis guide block is connected to the side of the tooling fixing block by bolts, and the other end is connected to the side of the X-axis adjustment follower block by bolts.

9. A high-strength bolt composite machine tool, characterized in that, Including the feeding guide device as described in any one of claims 1-8, further comprising: A countersinking mechanism is used to countersink the tail end of a blank. A drilling mechanism is used to drill holes countersunk at the tail end of a blank. A punching mechanism is used to punch holes drilled at the tail end of a blank. The chip removal mechanism is used to clean the waste chips inside the holes punched out at the tail end of the blank; Each of the countersinking mechanism, drilling mechanism, square hole punching mechanism and chip removal mechanism is provided with a feeding block above it. The first guide grooves on the four feeding blocks are connected end to end in sequence and are inclined from the feeding end to the discharge end of the first guide groove.

Images