A waste heat furnace heat exchanger

Abstract

This invention discloses a waste heat furnace heat exchanger, including a tubular heat exchanger body, multiple heat exchange tubes installed inside the tubular heat exchanger body, a wave guide and interception assembly installed inside the tubular heat exchanger body, a self-triggered liquid-cooled opening and closing assembly installed inside the wave guide and interception assembly, and a dynamic turbulence assembly installed on the outer surface of the self-triggered liquid-cooled opening and closing assembly. This invention constructs a continuous S-shaped forced flow channel by using an asymmetric wave interception net one and an asymmetric wave interception net two in conjunction with a guide plate, which significantly prolongs the residence time of high-temperature flue gas in the shell side and guides it to uniformly cover the outer wall of the heat exchange tube, effectively improving the contact between the flue gas and the heat exchange tube. By using the heat-conducting wires distributed inside the asymmetric wave interception net and the heat-conducting rings wrapped around the outer wall of the heat exchange tube to form a transverse high-efficiency heat conduction network, the heat of the flue gas can be quickly diffused laterally to the entire surface of the heat exchange tube, avoiding the formation of local hot spots and achieving uniform heat conduction and efficient transfer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of heat exchange technology, and more specifically, to a waste heat furnace heat exchanger. Background Technology

[0002] Waste heat exchangers, also known as waste heat recovery heat exchangers, are heat exchange devices used to recover waste heat energy from high-temperature exhaust gases and flue gases during industrial production processes and transfer it to another fluid for energy reuse. They are widely integrated into waste heat boiler systems and serve as key devices for achieving cascaded energy utilization, improving overall energy efficiency, reducing energy consumption, and reducing carbon emissions. Common forms include heat pipe heat exchangers, plate-fin heat exchangers, and shell-and-tube heat exchangers. Among them, shell-and-tube heat exchangers are widely used in industrial heat recovery devices such as waste heat furnaces because of their strong adaptability to high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, convenient maintenance, and applicability to various fluid media.

[0003] In existing technology, cryogenic liquid is typically introduced into the heat exchange tubes through the inlet pipe, while the upper exhaust valve is opened to expel air from the tube side, preventing air resistance from affecting heat transfer efficiency and fluid flow. When the liquid flowing out of the exhaust port is observed to be continuous, stable, and free of bubbles, the exhaust valve is then closed to complete the exhaust process. Subsequently, high-temperature flue gas enters the shell side through the flue gas inlet pipe, laterally scouring the heat exchange tube bundle within the shell and exchanging heat with the liquid inside the tubes in a counter-current or cross-current manner to achieve efficient heat recovery. The cryogenic liquid after heat exchange is discharged through the drain pipe, while the cooled flue gas is discharged through the shell side outlet, completing the entire heat exchange process.

[0004] In practical applications, existing technologies often suffer from short circuits and uneven flow distribution due to the direct transverse scouring of heat exchange tubes by high-temperature flue gas. This results in uneven heating or even localized overheating of the heat exchange tube surface, thereby reducing its heat exchange efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a waste heat furnace heat exchanger to address the aforementioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a waste heat furnace heat exchanger to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, an embodiment of the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A waste heat furnace heat exchanger includes a tubular heat exchanger body, a wave guide and interception assembly, a self-triggered liquid-cooled opening and closing assembly, and a dynamic turbulence assembly. Multiple heat exchange tubes are installed inside the tubular heat exchanger body. The wave guide and interception assembly is installed inside the tubular heat exchanger body, and the self-triggered liquid-cooled opening and closing assembly is installed inside the wave guide and interception assembly. A dynamic turbulence assembly is installed on the outer surface of the self-triggered liquid-cooled opening and closing assembly. The wave guide and interception assembly includes an asymmetric wave interception net one and an asymmetric wave interception net two installed inside the tubular heat exchanger body. Multiple heat exchange channels are installed between the asymmetric wave interception net one and the asymmetric wave interception net two. Multiple heat-conducting wires are distributed inside the asymmetric wave interception net one and the asymmetric wave interception net two. One end of each heat-conducting wire is fixedly connected to a heat-conducting ring, which is wound around the outer surface of the heat exchange tubes.

[0008] The self-triggered liquid-cooled opening and closing assembly includes multiple inlets opened inside the heat exchange channel and heat exchange tube. A sealing plug is snapped into the inside of each inlet, and a trigger rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sealing plug. The dynamic turbulence assembly includes multiple ellipsoidal bulges and metal springs installed at the crests of the asymmetric wave interception net one and the asymmetric wave interception net two. Multiple conical guide vanes are installed at the troughs of the asymmetric wave interception net one and the asymmetric wave interception net two. A metal bellows sheath is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the conical guide vanes.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the ellipsoidal convex hull and the metal spring are arranged adjacent to each other. The outer surface of the ellipsoidal convex hull is provided with a plurality of pits. Through the synergistic effect of the pits on the surface of the ellipsoidal convex hull and the adjacent metal spring, the local turbulence and vortex intensity are enhanced under the excitation of airflow or liquid flow, while promoting the vibration coupling of the two, thereby improving the dust collection efficiency and the heat exchange boundary layer disturbance effect.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the interior of the ellipsoidal convex hull is filled with a filling layer made of lightweight closed-cell foam material. The lightweight closed-cell foam filling layer reduces the overall mass while ensuring structural rigidity, improves the response sensitivity of the ellipsoidal convex hull, and reduces the reverse conduction of heat to the cooling side through its low thermal conductivity, thereby achieving the dual functions of heat shielding and efficient turbulence.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, a plurality of support bases are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the tubular heat exchanger body, an inlet pipe is installed inside the tubular heat exchanger body, and a shell-side inlet is connected to the bottom of the tubular heat exchanger body, so as to realize the orderly entry and exit of low temperature liquid and high temperature flue gas and efficient heat exchange.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, a drain pipe is installed inside the tubular heat exchanger body, a shell-side outlet is connected to the top of the inner cavity of the tubular heat exchanger body, and multiple guide plates are evenly distributed inside the tubular heat exchanger body to guide the flue gas to follow an S-shaped path.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, a heat-conducting block is fixedly connected to the inner cavity sidewall of the heat exchange channel, and a heat-absorbing block is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the heat-conducting block. The outer surface of the heat-absorbing block is connected to one end of the trigger rod, which can absorb the high temperature in the asymmetric wave interception net one and the asymmetric wave interception net two and transfer it to the trigger rod.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, an auxiliary rod is fixedly connected between the heat-absorbing block and the sealing plug. The auxiliary rod is made of a high-temperature resistant elastic material, and the trigger rod is made of a shape memory alloy material. When the temperature of the asymmetric wave interception net one and the asymmetric wave interception net two rises to a set threshold, a phase change occurs, resulting in axial expansion, which directly pushes the sealing plug to open the heat exchange channel.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, a sealing sleeve is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the sealing plug, and a limiting groove is opened inside the heat exchange channel. Through the cooperation of the sealing sleeve and the limiting groove, the stability and sealing reliability of the sealing plug during the opening and closing process are improved, and the coolant leakage is effectively prevented.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, a connecting chamber is installed between the heat exchange channel in the asymmetric wave interception net one and the heat exchange channel in the asymmetric wave interception net two. The connecting chamber enables the fluid to converge and equalize pressure in the heat exchange channels on both sides, ensuring that the low-temperature liquid is evenly distributed in the heat exchange channel in the asymmetric wave interception net one and the asymmetric wave interception net two.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, both the asymmetric wave interception net one and the asymmetric wave interception net two are asymmetric wave-shaped. Both the asymmetric wave interception net one and the asymmetric wave interception net two are made of high-temperature alloy materials. The heat-conducting wire and the heat-conducting ring are made of high thermal conductivity metal materials. The high-temperature alloy is used to ensure the structural strength and oxidation resistance of the asymmetric wave interception net one and the asymmetric wave interception net two in the high-temperature flue gas environment. At the same time, the high thermal conductivity metal materials accelerate heat conduction, taking into account both durability and high-efficiency heat conduction requirements.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this invention are:

[0019] (1) This scheme constructs a continuous S-shaped forced flow channel by using asymmetric wave interception net one and asymmetric wave interception net two in conjunction with a flow guide plate, which significantly prolongs the residence time of high temperature flue gas in the shell side and guides it to uniformly cover the outer wall of the heat exchange tube, effectively improving the contact between the flue gas and the heat exchange tube, and laying the flow field foundation for efficient heat exchange.

[0020] (2) By forming a transverse high-efficiency heat conduction network through the heat conduction wires distributed inside the asymmetric wave interception net and the heat conduction rings wrapped around the outer wall of the heat exchange tube, the heat of the flue gas can be quickly diffused transversely to the entire surface of the heat exchange tube, avoiding the formation of local hot spots, realizing uniform heat conduction and efficient transfer, and further improving the overall heat exchange performance.

[0021] (3) Through the synergistic effect of the ellipsoidal convex hull, the pit, the metal spring sheet, and the conical guide vane, microscale turbulence and periodic vibration are induced during the flue gas flow, breaking the gas-side thermal boundary layer and significantly enhancing the convective heat transfer effect on the shell side.

[0022] (4) When the temperature of the asymmetric wave interception net one and the asymmetric wave interception net two rises to the preset threshold of 180 to 230 degrees Celsius, the trigger rod expands due to heat and pushes the sealing plug to open automatically through the cooperation of the heat conduction block and the heat absorption block, so that a part of the low temperature liquid in the heat exchange tube flows into the heat exchange channel and then flows back into the heat exchange tube. The continuously flowing low temperature liquid can directly cool the heat conduction wire and the asymmetric wave interception net one and the asymmetric wave interception net two.

[0023] (5) When the temperature of the asymmetric wave interception net area 1 and asymmetric wave interception net area 2 drops below the preset threshold due to the action of low temperature liquid, the sealing plug is resealed by the cooperation of the trigger rod and the auxiliary rod. The sealing sleeve forms a sealing barrier under compression to prevent coolant leakage. At the same time, the residual liquid in the heat exchange channel is retained in the channel as a pre-stored medium for the next cooling start-up, which improves the response speed, avoids the energy waste caused by repeated liquid filling, and significantly improves the waste heat recovery efficiency.

[0024] (6) When the cryogenic liquid enters the heat exchange channel, the impact force of the cryogenic liquid flow is used by the metal spring, conical guide plate and ellipsoidal convex hull to generate vibration and eddy current induction effect, actively breaking the thermal boundary layer on the liquid side, significantly enhancing the turbulence intensity, and increasing the coolant, realizing the dual functions of online anti-scaling and enhanced heat exchange. The purified high-temperature flue gas flows evenly through the outer wall of the heat exchange tube under the guidance of the guide plate, realizing efficient counter-current or cross-current heat exchange between the shell side and the tube side. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of the tubular heat exchanger body of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of the wave guide and interception component of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of the self-triggered liquid-cooled opening and closing component of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged view of the structure at point A in the middle;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a partial structural diagram of the asymmetric wave interception net of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of the ellipsoidal convex hull of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the filling layer of the present invention.

[0033] Explanation of the labels in the diagram:

[0034] 1. Tubular heat exchanger body; 101. Support base; 102. Liquid inlet pipe; 103. Liquid outlet pipe; 104. Heat exchange tube; 105. Shell-side inlet; 106. Baffle plate; 2. Wave guide and interception assembly; 201. Asymmetric wave interception net one; 202. Asymmetric wave interception net two; 203. Heat exchange channel; 204. Heat-conducting wire; 205. Heat-conducting ring; 3. Self-triggered liquid-cooled opening and closing assembly; 301. Heat-conducting block; 302. Trigger rod; 303. Auxiliary rod; 304. Sealing plug; 305. Sealing sleeve; 306. Limiting groove; 307. Connecting chamber; 308. Heat-absorbing block; 309. Inlet; 4. Dynamic turbulence assembly; 401. Ellipsoidal bulge; 402. Dent; 403. Metal spring; 404. Conical guide vane; 405. Filling layer; 406. Metal bellows sheath. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] Example:

[0037] Please see Figures 1-8A waste heat furnace heat exchanger includes a tubular heat exchanger body 1, with multiple heat exchange tubes 104 installed inside the tubular heat exchanger body 1, and a wave guide and interception assembly 2 installed inside the tubular heat exchanger body 1.

[0038] Specifically, the wave guide and interception assembly 2 includes an asymmetric wave interception mesh 1 201 and an asymmetric wave interception mesh 202 installed inside the tubular heat exchanger body 1. Multiple heat exchange channels 203 are installed between the asymmetric wave interception mesh 1 201 and the asymmetric wave interception mesh 202. Multiple heat-conducting wires 204 are distributed inside the asymmetric wave interception mesh 1 201 and the asymmetric wave interception mesh 202. Both the asymmetric wave interception mesh 1 201 and the asymmetric wave interception mesh 202 are asymmetric wave-shaped. Both the asymmetric wave interception mesh 1 201 and the asymmetric wave interception mesh 202 are made of high-temperature alloy material, allowing high-temperature flue gas to pass through the asymmetric wave interception mesh 202. The symmetrical wave interception net 1 201 and the asymmetrical wave interception net 202 form an S-shaped forced flow path in the flue gas channel, significantly extending the flue gas residence time. When the cryogenic liquid enters the heat exchange channel 203 inside the asymmetrical wave interception net 1 201 and the asymmetrical wave interception net 202, the liquid flow generates a continuous fluid impact force on the inner wall of the interception net and the dynamic turbulence component 4 installed on it under pressure. This excites the metal spring sheet 403 and the conical guide plate 404 to undergo elastic vibration, and causes the ellipsoidal convex hull 401 to produce periodic swaying. This actively breaks the thermal boundary layer on the liquid side, enhances the fluid turbulence, strengthens the local heat transfer performance, and achieves efficient cooling.

[0039] The asymmetric wave interceptor mesh 1 201 and asymmetric wave interceptor mesh 202 can adaptively perform different functions according to the flue gas conditions. When dealing with natural gas with low dust content, the asymmetric wave interceptor mesh 1 201 and asymmetric wave interceptor mesh 202 can help enhance heat transfer. When dealing with high-concentration dust flue gas generated by coal mines, the dense mesh filter effectively intercepts solid particles and quickly dissipates the heat from the accumulated dust through the heat-conducting wire 204. Therefore, whether dealing with pure high-temperature gas or flue gas carrying particulate pollutants, the appropriate asymmetric wave interceptor mesh 1 201 and asymmetric wave interceptor mesh 202 can be selected according to the specific situation to achieve ideal filtration and heat exchange effects.

[0040] A heat-conducting wire 204 is fixedly connected to a heat-conducting ring 205 at one end. The heat-conducting ring 205 is wound around the outer surface of the heat exchange tube 104. Both the heat-conducting wire 204 and the heat-conducting ring 205 are made of high thermal conductivity metal material. The heat-conducting wire 204 is installed inside the asymmetric wave interception net 1 201 and the asymmetric wave interception net 202, forming a mesh inside the asymmetric wave interception net 1 201 and the asymmetric wave interception net 202. The heat-conducting ring 205 is installed on the outer surface of the heat exchange tube 104, so that the heat-conducting wire 204 transfers the heat from the asymmetric wave interception net 1 201 and the asymmetric wave interception net 202 to the heat-conducting ring 205. The heat-conducting ring 205 is cooled by the low-temperature liquid flowing inside the heat exchange tube 104, thereby achieving rapid lateral diffusion of heat.

[0041] Multiple support bases 101 are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the tubular heat exchanger body 1. An inlet pipe 102 is installed inside the tubular heat exchanger body 1. A shell-side inlet 105 is connected to the bottom of the tubular heat exchanger body 1. A drain pipe 103 is installed inside the tubular heat exchanger body 1. A shell-side outlet is connected to the top of the inner cavity of the tubular heat exchanger body 1. Multiple guide plates 106 are evenly distributed inside the tubular heat exchanger body 1. The support bases 101 can support the tubular heat exchanger body 1 and improve its stability.

[0042] The wave guide interception assembly 2 is internally equipped with a self-triggered liquid-cooled opening and closing assembly 3. The self-triggered liquid-cooled opening and closing assembly 3 includes multiple inlets 309 located inside the heat exchange channel 203 and the heat exchange tube 104. A sealing plug 304 is snapped into the inside of each inlet 309. A trigger rod 302 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sealing plug 304. A heat-conducting block 301 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the heat exchange channel 203. A heat-absorbing block 308 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the heat-conducting block 301. The outer surface of the heat-absorbing block 308 is connected to one end of the trigger rod 302. The trigger rod 302 is made of shape memory alloy material, such as nickel-titanium based high-temperature shape memory alloy or copper-aluminum-nickel alloy. Specifically, FLEXINOL manufactured by Dynalloy Corporation of the United States can be used. ® The HT series high-temperature memory alloy wire, or the SmartActuator T200 actuator module provided by SAESSmartMaterials of Italy, has a phase change temperature that can be set in the range of 180-230 degrees Celsius. When the asymmetric wave interception net 1 201 and the asymmetric wave interception net 202 heat up to the set threshold due to dust accumulation, the trigger rod 302 expands axially, pushing the sealing plug 304 to open the inlet 309. When the temperature drops, the trigger rod 302 contracts, and the sealing plug 304 re-closes the inlet under the elastic reset action of the auxiliary rod 303, realizing the automatic opening and closing of the cooling channel.

[0043] An auxiliary rod 303 is fixedly connected between the heat-absorbing block 308 and the sealing plug 304. The auxiliary rod 303 is made of a high-temperature resistant elastic material. When the trigger rod 302 cools and contracts, it pushes the sealing plug 304 back to its original position, ensuring that the inlet 309 is reliably closed. At the same time, it can buffer the mechanical impact during the triggering process and assist the trigger rod 302 to move reliably and stably. The heat-conducting block 301 is made of a high thermal conductivity metal, and the heat-absorbing block 308 is made of a high heat capacity and high thermal conductivity composite material, so as to quickly absorb the heat in the asymmetric wave interception net 1 201 and the asymmetric wave interception net 2 202, and transfer the heat to the heat-conducting block 301 through the heat-absorbing block 308, so that the heat-conducting block 301... Heat is efficiently transferred to the root of the trigger rod 302 to ensure accurate and rapid response of the temperature signal. A limiting groove 306 is opened inside the heat exchange channel 203. A connecting chamber 307 is installed between the heat exchange channel 203 in the asymmetric wave interception net one 201 and the heat exchange channel 203 in the asymmetric wave interception net two 202. A sealing sleeve 305 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the sealing plug 304. The sealing sleeve 305 is made of soft, high-temperature resistant elastic material. It maintains pre-tightening force at room temperature to prevent coolant leakage. It can still maintain elastic deformation capacity at high temperature to adapt to the movement of the sealing plug 304. The soft material can compensate for processing errors and thermal deformation to ensure dynamic sealing reliability.

[0044] The outer surface of the self-triggered liquid-cooled opening and closing assembly 3 is equipped with a dynamic turbulence component 4. The dynamic turbulence component 4 includes multiple ellipsoidal protrusions 401 and metal springs 403 installed at the crests of the asymmetric wave interception net 201 and the asymmetric wave interception net 202. The ellipsoidal protrusions 401 are made of elastic material and are installed in the crest areas of the asymmetric wave interception net 201 and the asymmetric wave interception net 202. When the low-temperature liquid enters the heat exchange channel 203, it causes an impact, which disturbs the fluid boundary layer of the ellipsoidal protrusions 401, induces local eddies, and enhances the turbulence intensity. When the heat exchange channel 203 is closed, the ellipsoidal protrusions 401 play a slight turbulence role to assist the high-temperature flue gas.

[0045] Multiple conical guide vanes 404 are installed at the troughs of the asymmetric wave interception net 1 201 and the asymmetric wave interception net 2 202. A metal bellows sheath 406 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the conical guide vane 404. An ellipsoidal convex hull 401 and a metal spring sheet 403 are arranged adjacent to each other. Multiple pits 402 are opened on the outer surface of the ellipsoidal convex hull 401. The interior of the ellipsoidal convex hull 401 is filled with a filling layer 405. The filling layer 405 is made of lightweight closed-cell foam material, preferably polyurethane foam or silicone foam, in order to maintain the structural rigidity of the ellipsoidal convex hull 401, prevent it from collapsing under negative pressure or impact, reduce the overall mass, and avoid inhibiting the elastic response. At the same time, the low thermal conductivity of the lightweight foam can also reduce the reverse conduction of heat to the liquid side, play a role in heat shielding, and optimize the direction of heat flow. The metal bellows sheath 406 is made of flexible high-temperature resistant metal material to protect the conical guide vane 404 and ensure that it can adapt to thermal expansion and contraction.

[0046] Furthermore, the cryogenic liquid enters the heat exchange tube 104 through the inlet pipe 102, and the upper exhaust valve is opened at the same time to expel the air in the tube. After the liquid flows out continuously and stably, the exhaust valve is closed. The cryogenic liquid flows through the U-shaped heat exchange tube 104 under the action of circulation power, and finally exits the tubular heat exchanger body 1 through the drain pipe 103, forming a preliminary cooling cycle. Then, the high-temperature flue gas enters the tubular heat exchanger body 1 through the shell inlet 105, flows through the S-shaped forced flow channel formed by the asymmetric wave interception net 1 201 and the asymmetric wave interception net 202, and at the same time, the heat conduction wire 204 quickly conducts the heat carried by the dust to the heat conduction ring 205, and then to the wall of the heat exchange tube 104, and is carried away by the cryogenic liquid in the tube, thus achieving preliminary cooling.

[0047] When the temperature of the interceptor reaches the phase change threshold, the trigger rod 302, made of shape memory alloy, expands due to heat, pushing the sealing plug 304 to move away from the inlet 309. The cryogenic liquid flows from the inlet 309 into the heat exchange channel 203, and after passing through the connecting chamber 307, it directly cools the asymmetric wave interceptor 1 201 and the asymmetric wave interceptor 2 202, and then flows back into the main heat exchange tube 104. During the cooling process, the liquid flow impacts the metal spring 403, the conical guide vane 404, and the ellipsoidal convex hull 401, exciting vibrations and eddies, breaking the liquid-side thermal boundary layer, and enhancing heat transfer. When its temperature reaches a certain level... When the temperature drops below the preset threshold, the trigger rod 302 retracts, and the sealing plug 304 automatically seals the inlet 309. The residual liquid in the heat exchange channel 203 is retained in the channel as a pre-stored medium for the next cooling start. The purified high-temperature flue gas continues to flow evenly through the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 104 under the guidance of the guide plate 106, the asymmetric wave interception net 1 201 and the asymmetric wave interception net 2 202, forming counter-current or cross-current heat exchange with the low-temperature medium in the tube. The heat is continuously transferred to the coolant, achieving efficient heat recovery. The cooled flue gas is discharged through the shell-side outlet, completing the entire process of waste heat utilization.

[0048] Working principle: In use, the tubular heat exchanger body 1 is first placed in the designated installation position via the support base 101. Then, the inlet pipe 102 is connected to the corresponding cryogenic liquid, the drain pipe 103 is connected to the discharge pipe, the shell-side inlet 105 is connected to the high-temperature flue gas source, and the shell-side outlet is connected to the downstream flue gas conveying pipe to ensure that the high-temperature flue gas after heat exchange can smoothly enter the subsequent treatment or discharge system. Then, the tubular heat exchanger body 1 is connected to the external plug plate via a cable to supply power to the electrical equipment inside the tubular heat exchanger body 1 and ensure its normal operation. Subsequently, the cryogenic liquid enters the heat exchange tube 104 through the inlet pipe 102, and at the same time, the upper exhaust valve is opened to discharge the air in the tube side to prevent air resistance from affecting the heat transfer efficiency and fluid flow. When the liquid flowing out of the exhaust port is observed to be continuous, stable, and without bubbles, the exhaust valve is closed to complete the exhaust process. After that, the cryogenic liquid flows through the U-shaped heat exchange tube 104 under the action of circulation power and is finally discharged from the tubular heat exchanger body 1 through the drain pipe 103, forming a stable initial cooling cycle.

[0049] High-temperature flue gas enters the tubular heat exchanger body 1 through shell-side inlet 105. Under the guidance of the S-shaped forced flow channel formed by the guide plate 106, asymmetric wave interception net 1 201 and asymmetric wave interception net 2 202, it evenly covers the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 104. Due to the extremely low dust content of natural gas, asymmetric wave interception net 1 201 and asymmetric wave interception net 2 202 significantly prolong the flue gas residence time and enhance the effects of disturbance and synergistic heat conduction.

[0050] Meanwhile, the heat-conducting wires 204 distributed within the asymmetric wave interception net 1 201 and the asymmetric wave interception net 202 form a highly efficient heat conduction path. The heat from the high-temperature flue gas absorbed by the asymmetric wave interception net 1 201 and the asymmetric wave interception net 202 can be quickly conducted to the heat-conducting ring 205 through the heat-conducting wires 204. Then, the heat-conducting ring 205 transfers the heat to the wall of the heat exchange tube 104, and finally it is carried away by the low-temperature liquid flowing inside the tube, thus achieving the initial cooling of the dust and the interception structure.

[0051] As the high-temperature flue gas flows through the asymmetric wave interception net 1 201 and the asymmetric wave interception net 2 202, its airflow is slightly disturbed by the ellipsoidal convex hull 401 and the concave pit 402, generating small-amplitude turbulence. Furthermore, the metal spring sheet 403 and the conical guide plate 404 generate slight vibrations under the excitation of the airflow, further enhancing the heat exchange effect of the high-temperature flue gas.

[0052] When the asymmetric wave interception net 1 201 and asymmetric wave interception net 202 intercept too much high-temperature flue gas, the heat-conducting blocks 301 inside the asymmetric wave interception net 1 201 and asymmetric wave interception net 202 absorb the heat. The heat-conducting blocks 301 transfer the heat to the heat-absorbing blocks 308, and the heat-absorbing blocks 308 further concentrate and conduct the heat energy to the trigger rod 302. The trigger rod 302 is made of shape memory alloy material. When the trigger rod 302 is heated to the phase change temperature between 180 and 230 degrees Celsius, the trigger rod 302 will axially expand and extend, pushing the sealing plug 304 to move away from the inlet 309 (e.g., Figure 4 As shown, the low-temperature liquid flows into the heat exchange channel 203 from the inlet 309 and enters the connecting chamber 307 through the heat exchange channel 203 for collection. It then flows into the interior of the asymmetric wave interception net 1 201 and the asymmetric wave interception net 202 to directly cool the dust accumulation area, the heat conduction wire 204, and the asymmetric wave interception net 1 201 and the asymmetric wave interception net 202. Afterward, it flows back into the heat exchange tube 104.

[0053] As the cryogenic liquid enters the heat exchange channel 203, its flow generates a continuous fluid impact on the dynamic turbulence component 4, causing the metal spring sheet 403 and the conical guide vane 404 to undergo elastic vibration under the impact, breaking the thermal boundary layer on the liquid side and significantly enhancing the turbulence intensity. At the same time, local vortices are formed through the ellipsoidal convex hull 401 and the pit 402, further promoting fluid mixing and expanding the effective heat exchange area.

[0054] When the temperature of the asymmetric wave interception net 1 201 and the asymmetric wave interception net 202 regions drops below a preset threshold due to the action of the coolant, the temperature of the trigger rod 302 decreases accordingly, the material undergoes a reverse phase change, and returns to its original shape. This reverse deformation of the trigger rod 302 causes the sealing plug 304 to move downwards, resealing the inlet 309 (e.g., Figure 3 As shown in the figure, at the same time, the sealing plug 304 forms a sealing barrier under compression to prevent coolant leakage. The residual liquid in the heat exchange channel 203 is retained in the channel as a pre-stored medium for the next cooling start-up, thereby improving the response speed.

[0055] The high-temperature flue gas continues to flow evenly through the shell-side space formed by the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 104 under the guidance of the guide plate 106. During this process, the flue gas and the low-temperature cooling medium inside the tube form a counter-flow or cross-flow heat exchange mode. The heat is continuously transferred to the low-temperature liquid inside the tube through the wall of the heat exchange tube 104, realizing efficient heat energy recovery. After the purified flue gas completes the heat exchange, the temperature drops significantly, and then it is discharged from the shell-side outlet of the tubular heat exchanger body 1.

[0056] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and not restrictive.

[0057] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style of the specification is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A waste heat boiler heat exchanger characterized by: Including the tubular heat exchanger body (1), the inside of the tubular heat exchanger body (1) is installed with multiple heat exchange pipes (104), the inside of the tubular heat exchanger body (1) is installed with wave flow guide intercepting assembly (2), the inside of wave flow guide intercepting assembly (2) is installed with self-triggering liquid cooling start-stop assembly (3), the outer surface of self-triggering liquid cooling start-stop assembly (3) is installed with dynamic flow disturbance assembly (4); Wave flow guide intercepting assembly (2) includes asymmetric wave intercepting net one (201) and asymmetric wave intercepting net two (202) installed inside the tubular heat exchanger body (1), multiple heat exchange channels (203) are installed between asymmetric wave intercepting net one (201) and asymmetric wave intercepting net two (202), multiple heat-conducting wires (204) are distributed inside asymmetric wave intercepting net one (201) and asymmetric wave intercepting net two (202), one end of heat-conducting wire (204) is fixedly connected with heat-conducting ring (205), heat-conducting ring (205) is wound on the outer surface of heat exchange pipe (104); Self-triggering liquid cooling start-stop assembly (3) includes multiple entry ports (309) opened in heat exchange channel (203) and heat exchange pipe (104), the inside of entry port (309) is clamped with sealing plug (304), the bottom of sealing plug (304) is fixedly connected with trigger rod (302), the inner cavity side wall of heat exchange channel (203) is fixedly connected with heat-conducting block (301), the outer surface of heat-conducting block (301) is fixedly connected with heat-absorbing block (308), the outer surface of heat-absorbing block (308) is connected with one end of trigger rod (302), auxiliary rod (303) is fixedly connected between heat-absorbing block (308) and sealing plug (304), auxiliary rod (303) is made of high-temperature-resistant elastic material, trigger rod (302) is made of shape memory alloy material; Dynamic flow disturbance assembly (4) includes multiple ellipsoidal convexes (401) and metal spring sheets (403) installed at the wave crests of asymmetric wave intercepting net one (201) and asymmetric wave intercepting net two (202), multiple conical flow guiding sheets (404) are installed at the wave troughs of asymmetric wave intercepting net one (201) and asymmetric wave intercepting net two (202), the outer surface of conical flow guiding sheet (404) is fixedly connected with metal bellows sheath (406).

2. A waste heat boiler heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterised in that: Ellipsoidal convex (401) and metal spring sheet (403) are arranged adjacently, multiple pits (402) are opened on the outer surface of ellipsoidal convex (401).

3. A waste heat boiler heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein: The inside of ellipsoidal convex (401) is filled with filling layer (405), filling layer (405) is made of light-weight closed-cell foam material.

4. A waste heat boiler heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein: The outer surface of tubular heat exchanger body (1) is fixedly connected with multiple support bases (101), the inside of tubular heat exchanger body (1) is installed with liquid inlet pipe (102), the bottom of tubular heat exchanger body (1) is connected with shell side inlet (105).

5. A waste heat boiler heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein: The pipe heat exchanger body (1) is internally provided with a liquid discharge pipe (103), the inner cavity top of the pipe heat exchanger body (1) is communicated with a shell side outlet, and the pipe heat exchanger body (1) is uniformly provided with a plurality of flow guide plates (106).

6. A waste heat boiler heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein: The outer surface of the sealing plug (304) is fixedly connected with a sealing sleeve (305), and the inside of the heat exchange channel (203) is provided with a limiting groove (306).

7. A waste heat boiler heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein: The heat exchange channel (203) in the asymmetric wave interception net one (201) and the heat exchange channel (203) in the asymmetric wave interception net two (202) are provided with a communication chamber (307).

8. A waste heat boiler heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein: The asymmetric wave interception net one (201) and the asymmetric wave interception net two (202) are both asymmetric wave shapes, the asymmetric wave interception net one (201) and the asymmetric wave interception net two (202) are both made of high-temperature alloy materials, and the heat-conducting wires (204) and the heat-conducting rings (205) are both made of high-heat-conducting metal materials.

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