A controllable weak current power distribution equipment data transmission communication method

Abstract

The present application relates to wireless remote monitoring technical field, disclose a kind of weak current distribution equipment data transmission communication method of controllable, the method includes the following steps: S1: the system management platform generates control instruction data packet for target weak current distribution terminal equipment, the control instruction data packet at least contains target equipment identifier, instruction operation code and first integrity check code;S2: the system management platform is sent to target area communication manager by the first wireless communication link with the control instruction data packet。By constructing system management platform-area communication manager-weak current distribution terminal equipment three-level hierarchical management and control architecture, the centralized, precision management of large-scale dispersed equipment is realized, system management platform can track and monitor the whole process of instruction issuing, transmission, execution and state feedback, form a complete communication management closed loop, greatly improve the controllability of system.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of wireless remote monitoring, in particular to a data transmission communication method of weak current power distribution equipment that can be managed and controlled. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the wide application of Internet of Things technology in intelligent buildings, data centers and industrial automation systems, a large number of terminal devices for state monitoring and control are deployed in weak current power distribution systems (including DC power distribution lines and AC power distribution lines). These devices are usually widely distributed, numerous, and mostly located in wiring difficult or high mobility scenarios, so wireless communication methods based on IEEE 802.15.4, ZigBee, LoRa or private protocols are generally used for data transmission, which belongs to the technical category of wireless signal transmission systems covered by G08C17 / 02.

[0003] However, the wireless communication scheme of weak current power distribution equipment in the prior art has obvious deficiencies in realizing "manageable and controllable", which is specifically manifested in the following aspects:

[0004] 1. Lack of management dimension, poor system manageability: Most existing systems lack unified device identification and hierarchical management mechanisms, and the system management platform cannot effectively identify the identity, track the state and configure the strategy of a large number of terminal devices. The process of issuing instructions and reporting states is loose and asynchronous, the platform cannot real-time perceive whether the instructions are correctly received and executed by the target device, and lacks visual management capability for the whole communication link, resulting in low efficiency of operation and maintenance management.

[0005] 2. Unreliable control link, controllability difficult to guarantee: Existing communication protocols generally lack end-to-end security protection mechanisms, control instructions are easy to be tampered with, forged or replayed during transmission, and the system lacks effective identity authentication and data integrity verification means, which cannot ensure the authenticity of the instruction source and the integrity of the data. At the same time, wireless channel access mostly uses a competitive mechanism (such as CSMA / CA), which is easy to cause data collision and conflict when the network load is high, resulting in large transmission delay and low success rate of instructions, seriously affecting the real-time and reliability of control. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a data transmission communication method of weak current power distribution equipment that can be managed and controlled, to solve the problems raised in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the application provides the following technical scheme: a controllable weak current power distribution equipment data transmission communication method applied to a weak current power distribution equipment communication system comprising a system management platform, at least one regional communication manager and a plurality of weak current power distribution terminal devices, the regional communication manager is connected with the system management platform through a first wireless communication link and connected with a plurality of weak current power distribution terminal devices within the jurisdiction through a second wireless communication link, the system management platform and each regional communication manager prestore a first key pair for identity authentication and data integrity protection, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1: the system management platform generates a control instruction data packet for a target weak current power distribution terminal device, the control instruction data packet at least contains a target device identifier, an instruction operation code and a first integrity check code;

[0009] S2: the system management platform sends the control instruction data packet to a target regional communication manager through the first wireless communication link, the target regional communication manager is the regional communication manager associated with the target device identifier;

[0010] S3: the target regional communication manager receives and analyzes the control instruction data packet, extracts the target device identifier, the instruction operation code and the first integrity check code, and verifies the first integrity check code based on the pre-stored first verification public key corresponding to the signature private key in the first key pair;

[0011] S4: when the first integrity check code is verified, the target regional communication manager constructs a device-level communication frame, the device-level communication frame at least includes a frame header, a ciphertext of the instruction operation code, a second integrity check code and a frame tail, wherein the ciphertext of the instruction operation code is formed by processing the instruction operation code using the device encryption key corresponding to the target weak current power distribution terminal device, and the second integrity check code is generated based on the pre-stored second verification key and for the data content containing the ciphertext of the instruction operation code;

[0012] S5: the target regional communication manager sends the device-level communication frame to the target weak current power distribution terminal device in a specified first communication time slot through the second wireless communication link in a time division multiple access mode;

[0013] S6: the target weak current power distribution terminal device listens to and receives the device-level communication frame in the first communication time slot, analyzes the device-level communication frame to obtain the ciphertext of the instruction operation code and the second integrity check code;

[0014] S7: The target weak current power distribution terminal device uses a device decryption key corresponding to the device encryption key stored locally to reversely process the ciphertext of the instruction operation code, to obtain the plaintext of the instruction operation code, and verifies the second integrity check code based on a third verification key corresponding to the second verification key stored locally;

[0015] S8: When the second integrity check code is verified, the target weak current power distribution terminal device executes an operation corresponding to the plaintext of the instruction operation code, and generates operation response data, which at least contains current device state information and a third integrity check code;

[0016] S9: The target weak current power distribution terminal device sends a response communication frame containing the operation response data to the target area communication manager in a specified second communication time slot through the second wireless communication link in a time division multiple access manner;

[0017] S10: The target area communication manager receives the response communication frame in the second communication time slot, parses the operation response data, verifies the third integrity check code, and encapsulates the operation response data after verification into a platform-level data packet and forwards it to the system management platform through the first wireless communication link;

[0018] S11: The system management platform receives and parses the platform-level data packet, extracts the current device state information, and performs state evaluation based on a pre-stored device state threshold or running strategy, and if it is judged as an abnormal state, generates an alarm information and records it to a device management log; at the same time, updates the device state database according to the current device state information, and supports remote query and strategy configuration.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, in the step S1, the process of generating the control instruction data packet by the system management platform specifically comprises:

[0020] S101: Obtain the target device identifier and the instruction operation code, the instruction operation code being used to instruct the target weak current power distribution terminal device to execute a specific state query, parameter configuration or switch control operation;

[0021] S102: Arrange the target device identifier and the instruction operation code according to a first predetermined data format to form an initial data block;

[0022] S103: Use the signature private key in the first key pair stored by the system management platform to process the initial data block to generate a first digital signature;

[0023] S104: encapsulate the first digital signature as the first integrity check code, the target device identifier, and the instruction operation code together to form the control instruction data packet.

[0024] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, in step S3, the process that the target area communication manager verifies the first integrity check code specifically includes:

[0025] S301: extract the target device identifier, instruction operation code, and first digital signature from the control instruction data packet;

[0026] S302: find the first verification public key stored locally according to the target device identifier;

[0027] S303: verify the first digital signature using the first verification public key, and if the verification is successful, confirm the integrity and authenticity of the control instruction data packet, and perform step S4; if the verification fails, discard the control instruction data packet and send a first error report to the system management platform.

[0028] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, in step S4, the process that the target area communication manager constructs the device-level communication frame specifically includes:

[0029] S401: obtain the device encryption key and the second verification key corresponding to the target device identifier from a local device key mapping table according to the target device identifier;

[0030] S402: encrypt the instruction operation code using the device encryption key to form the ciphertext of the instruction operation code;

[0031] S403: combine the ciphertext of the instruction operation code, the frame header, and the frame trailer according to a second predetermined data format to form a to-be-verified data block;

[0032] S404: generate a message authentication code for the to-be-verified data block using the second verification key, and use the message authentication code as the second integrity check code;

[0033] S405: insert the second integrity check code into a specified position between the ciphertext of the instruction operation code and the frame trailer in the to-be-verified data block to form a complete device-level communication frame.

[0034] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, in step S7, the process that the target weak current power distribution terminal device reversely processes the ciphertext of the instruction operation code and verifies the second integrity check code specifically includes:

[0035] S701: extract the ciphertext of the instruction opcode and the second integrity check code from the received device-level communication frame;

[0036] S702: decrypt the ciphertext of the instruction opcode using the locally pre-stored device decryption key identical to the device encryption key, to obtain the plaintext of the instruction opcode;

[0037] S703: generate a local message authentication code using the locally pre-stored verification key identical to the second verification key, for the part of the received device-level communication frame excluding the second integrity check code;

[0038] S704: compare the local message authentication code with the received second integrity check code, if consistent, pass the verification, and execute step S8; if inconsistent, discard the device-level communication frame and record a communication error log.

[0039] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the time division multiple access mode in steps S5 and S9 is implemented as follows:

[0040] S501: the system management platform assigns a globally unique regional network identifier to each regional communication manager, and assigns a local device identifier unique within the jurisdiction of the regional communication manager to each weak current power distribution terminal device;

[0041] S502: the target regional communication manager assigns a fixed uplink communication time slot and a downlink communication time slot to each weak current power distribution terminal device according to the local device identifiers of all weak current power distribution terminal devices within its jurisdiction and a preset communication period length, the first communication time slot is a specific downlink communication time slot assigned to the target weak current power distribution terminal device, and the second communication time slot is a specific uplink communication time slot assigned to the target weak current power distribution terminal device;

[0042] S503: the target regional communication manager broadcasts a time slot allocation table through the second wireless communication link, the time slot allocation table contains the mapping relationship between the local device identifier of each weak current power distribution terminal device and its corresponding uplink communication time slot and downlink communication time slot;

[0043] S504: the target weak current power distribution terminal device receives and stores the time slot allocation table, and activates the receiving circuit in the first communication time slot allocated to it to listen to the downlink communication from the target regional communication manager, and activates the transmitting circuit in the second communication time slot allocated to it to send uplink communication to the target regional communication manager.

[0044] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, before the target area communication manager sends the device-level communication frame through the second wireless communication link in step S5, the step further comprises a channel sensing and avoidance step:

[0045] S511: Before the start of the first communication time slot, the target area communication manager performs carrier sensing on a predetermined transmission channel within a first sensing window;

[0046] S512: If the channel is detected to be busy within the first sensing window, the target area communication manager re-performs carrier sensing after randomly backing off for a first backoff duration, until the channel is idle or the maximum number of retries is reached.

[0047] S513: If the channel is detected to be idle within the first sensing window, or the channel is detected to be idle after retrying, the device-level communication frame is immediately started to be sent within the first communication time slot.

[0048] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, before the target weak current power distribution terminal device sends the response communication frame through the second wireless communication link in step S9, the step further comprises a power self-adaptive adjustment step:

[0049] S911: The target weak current power distribution terminal device measures the received signal strength indication value of the reference signal received from the target area communication manager within a second sensing window before the start of the second communication time slot;

[0050] S912: According to a pre-stored correspondence table of received signal strength indication value and transmission power, the target transmission power level corresponding to the received signal strength indication value is obtained, and in the correspondence table, the lower the received signal strength indication value, the higher the corresponding target transmission power level.

[0051] S913: The transmission power of the wireless transmission module of the target weak current power distribution terminal device is adjusted to the target transmission power level;

[0052] S914: The response communication frame is sent within the second communication time slot using the adjusted transmission power.

[0053] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, in step S10, the target area communication manager encapsulates the operation response data that passes the verification into a platform-level data packet, and the process specifically comprises:

[0054] S1001: Analyzing the response communication frame to obtain the current device state information and the third integrity check code in the operation response data;

[0055] S1002: Verify the third integrity check code using a pre-stored fourth verification key corresponding to the target low-voltage power distribution terminal device, if the verification fails, discard the operation response data and record the error, if the verification passes, execute the next step;

[0056] S1003: Combine the current device state information after verification with the target device identifier, timestamp information according to a third predetermined data format to form a platform-level data block;

[0057] S1004: Process the platform-level data block using the second signature private key stored by the target regional communication manager corresponding to the system management platform to generate a second digital signature;

[0058] S1005: Encapsulate the second digital signature as a fourth integrity check code together with the platform-level data block to form the platform-level data packet.

[0059] As a preferred technical solution of the application, the first wireless communication link is a link based on a cellular mobile communication network, and the second wireless communication link is a wireless personal area network link based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard or ZigBee protocol;

[0060] The low-voltage power distribution terminal device is an intelligent device for monitoring or controlling a direct-current power distribution line with a voltage below 50 volts or an alternating-current power distribution line with a voltage below 36 volts, including but not limited to a miniature circuit breaker state monitoring module, a direct-current power supply quality collector or a low-voltage intelligent switch actuator;

[0061] The regional communication manager is an embedded communication gateway device deployed in a centralized area of low-voltage power distribution equipment and having data aggregation and forwarding functions.

[0062] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0063] 1. By constructing a three-level hierarchical management and control architecture of system management platform-regional communication manager-low-voltage power distribution terminal device, and combining a globally unique device identification system, centralized and accurate management of large-scale dispersed devices is realized, the system management platform can track and monitor the whole process of instruction issuing, transmission, execution and state feedback, forming a complete communication management closed loop, and greatly improving the controllability of the system.

[0064] 2. A multi-level, end-to-end data integrity check and encryption mechanism based on asymmetric key and symmetric key combination is adopted, ensuring the integrity, confidentiality and anti-repudiation of control instructions and state data in the transmission process, and each verification step constitutes a controllable security gateway, effectively preventing data tampering, forgery and other attacks, and significantly enhancing the security controllability of the system.

[0065] 3、By introducing a fixed time slot allocation mechanism based on time division multiple access, wireless channel competition between devices is avoided, ensuring the orderliness and certainty of communication, thereby greatly improving the reliability and real-time performance of instruction transmission. Combined with adaptive adjustment of transmission power, precise control of terminal device energy consumption is achieved under the premise of ensuring communication quality, improving system energy efficiency.

[0066] 4、The designed channel listening and avoidance, verification failure retransmission, time slot step recovery and other exception handling mechanisms enable the system to effectively cope with dynamic changes in wireless channels and various types of interference, ensuring the stability of communication links under non-ideal working conditions and improving the overall robustness and sustained controllability of the system.

[0067] 5、The clear system architecture and standardized communication data format make it easy to extend new devices and new functions, and the unified policy configuration, state evaluation and log management functions of the system management platform greatly facilitate the operation and maintenance management of large-scale weak power distribution equipment networks, reducing long-term management costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0068] Figure 1 The overall flowchart of the weak power distribution equipment data transmission communication method according to the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of the present application.

[0070] Embodiment 1: Basic communication flow implementation example

[0071] This embodiment takes a weak power distribution system of an intelligent office building in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province as an example to illustrate the specific implementation of the present application. The system realizes centralized and refined management of dispersed devices through the introduction of a three-level management and control architecture of “system management platform— regional communication manager— weak power distribution terminal device”, laying the foundation for “manageability”. The system includes a system management platform, three regional communication managers (covering A, B and C three power distribution regions respectively) and 20 weak power distribution terminal devices (including miniature circuit breaker state monitoring module, DC power quality collector and low-voltage intelligent switch actuator) under the jurisdiction of each region.

[0072] The system management platform is deployed in the cloud, uses a 4G cellular network as a first wireless communication link to communicate with each regional communication manager, and uses a second wireless communication link based on IEEE 802.15.4 between the regional communication manager and the weak-current power distribution terminal device, and works in the 2.4 GHz frequency band.

[0073] In step S1, the system management platform generates a control instruction data packet for the target weak-current power distribution terminal device (device identifier "A-05"), and the instruction operation code is "0x01" (indicating a state query). To ensure that the instruction source is reliable and complete, and to achieve effective "control", the system management platform uses the signature private key (RSA-2048) in the first key pair stored by the system management platform to sign the initial data block containing the target device identifier and the instruction operation code, and generates a first digital signature as a first integrity check code.

[0074] In step S2, the system management platform sends the control instruction data packet to the target regional communication manager (region identifier "A") through the 4G network.

[0075] In step S3, the target regional communication manager receives and parses the control instruction data packet, extracts the target device identifier, the instruction operation code, and the first digital signature, and uses the pre-stored first verification public key to verify the first digital signature. This verification step is a key link of "controllable", which ensures that only legal and complete instructions can be continued to be issued. After verification, step S4 is executed.

[0076] In step S4, the target regional communication manager queries the local device key mapping table according to the target device identifier "A-05", obtains the corresponding device encryption key (AES-128 key) and the second verification key (HMAC-SHA256 key), and realizes the security and controllability of the instruction at the terminal access side through device-level encryption and verification. The device encryption key is used to encrypt the instruction operation code to generate the ciphertext of the instruction operation code, and the second verification key is used to generate the second integrity check code (HMAC value), and a device-level communication frame is constructed.

[0077] In step S5, to ensure that the instruction is reliable and timely, avoid channel conflict, and reflect the "controllable" at the access level, the target regional communication manager sends the device-level communication frame in the specified first communication time slot (time slot number "A-05-DL") using time division multiple access (TDMA) mode. Before sending, the channel listening and avoidance step is performed: carrier sensing is performed in the first listening window (10 ms in length) before the start of the time slot. If the channel is busy, it will be randomly backed off (backoff time 5ms-20ms), and a maximum of 3 retries.

[0078] In step S6, the target weak current power distribution terminal device listens and receives the device-level communication frame in the first communication time slot, and parses the ciphertext of the instruction operation code and the second integrity check code.

[0079] In step S7, the target weak current power distribution terminal device decrypts the instruction operation code plaintext using the locally stored device decryption key (which is the same as the device encryption key), and verifies the second integrity check code using the locally stored third verification key (which is the same as the second verification key). The terminal-side verification ensures the integrity and authenticity of the received instruction, and is the last "controllable" gateway before execution. After verification, step S8 is executed.

[0080] In step S8, the target weak current power distribution terminal device performs a state query operation, collects current device state information (such as current value, voltage value, switch state), and generates a third integrity check code (using an HMAC key corresponding to the fourth verification key), and the response data is accompanied by a check code, which ensures the "controllability" of the state information return process.

[0081] In step S9, the target weak current power distribution terminal device sends a response communication frame in the second communication time slot (time slot number "A-05-UL"). To optimize resource utilization and ensure reliable uplink, the "controllability" of energy efficiency and reliability is realized. Before sending, the power self-adaptive adjustment step is executed: in the second listening window (5ms long) before the start of the time slot, the RSSI value of the reference signal is measured, and the transmission power is adjusted according to the pre-stored RSSI-transmission power correspondence table (for example, when RSSI=-80dBm, the transmission power is adjusted to 10dBm).

[0082] In step S10, the target regional communication manager receives the response communication frame and verifies the third integrity check code. The regional communication manager checks and signs the terminal reported data again, realizes the quality and safety "management and control" before forwarding the data to the platform, signs the platform-level data block using the second signature private key (RSA-2048) stored in the regional communication manager, generates a fourth integrity check code, and encapsulates it into a platform-level data packet and forwards it to the system management platform through the 4G network.

[0083] In step S11, the system management platform parses the platform-level data packet, extracts the current device state information, and compares it with the pre-stored device state threshold (such as voltage threshold: 24V±2V). If it exceeds the range, an alarm information is generated and recorded to the device management log. The platform completes the closed-loop management from instruction issuance to state sensing through state assessment, alarm generation and database update, and fully realizes "manageable and controllable".

[0084] Embodiment 2: Implementation example of multi-region concurrent communication

[0085] This embodiment takes a data center power distribution system in Pudong New Area, Shanghai as an example to illustrate the implementation of the present invention in a multi-region concurrent communication scenario. The system includes a system management platform, five regional communication managers (covering computer rooms A to E respectively), and 30 low-voltage power distribution terminal devices under each region.

[0086] The system management platform assigns a unique regional network identifier (such as “RoomA” to “RoomE”) to each regional communication manager and a unique local device identifier (such as “RoomA-01” to “RoomA-30”) to each low-voltage power distribution terminal device. This hierarchical identification system is the foundation for achieving precise “management” of large-scale devices.

[0087] The target area communication manager (area identifier "RoomB") allocates fixed uplink and downlink communication time slots to each device based on the local device identifiers of all low-voltage power distribution terminal devices within its jurisdiction and the preset communication cycle duration (communication cycle duration is 1000ms). For example, the downlink communication time slot for device "RoomB-07" is from 70ms to 90ms, and the uplink communication time slot is from 470ms to 490ms. This fixed time slot allocation based on TDMA achieves orderly "control" of the communication behavior of all devices from the communication resource scheduling level, effectively avoiding conflicts.

[0088] The time slot allocation table is broadcast through a second wireless communication link. Each low-voltage power distribution terminal device receives and stores the table, and activates the receiving or transmitting circuit within the allocated time slot. This makes the communication behavior of each device predictable and manageable.

[0089] Experimental data and control examples

[0090] To verify the communication reliability and efficiency of this invention, a simulation system was built in a laboratory environment, and the following comparative examples were set up:

[0091] Compare with Example 1: Do not use integrity check codes (i.e. omit the check steps in S1, S3, S4, S7, and S10).

[0092] Compare with Example 2: TDMA time slot allocation is not used; CSMA / CA contention access is used instead.

[0093] Compare with Example 3: without power adaptive adjustment, the transmit power is fixed at 0dBm.

[0094] Experimental conditions:

[0095] Number of low-voltage power distribution terminal devices: 50 units

[0096] Communication cycle: 1000ms

[0097] Experiment duration: 24 hours

[0098] Data packet size: Control command data packet is 64 bytes, and response communication frame is 128 bytes.

[0099] The experimental results are recorded in the table below:

[0100]

[0101] Data Analysis Explanation:

[0102] 1. Communication success rate: The embodiment of the present invention achieves 99.7%, which is significantly higher than that of control example 2 (92.4%). This proves the excellent effect of the TDMA-based time slot allocation mechanism in avoiding channel contention and ensuring reliable delivery of instructions, and reflects the "controllability" of the communication process. Although control example 1 has a slightly lower response time due to the lack of integrity verification, it has a higher risk of data tampering, indicating that the "controllability" without security verification is incomplete.

[0103] 2. Average response time: The average response time of the present invention is 85ms, which is much lower than the 156ms of the control example 2. This shows that the communication scheduling method of the present invention greatly improves the real-time response of the system and enhances the timeliness of control. The control example 1 has a slightly lower response time due to the omission of the verification step, but sacrifices security.

[0104] 3. Average power consumption of the device: The average power consumption of the embodiment of the present invention is 12.5mW, which is lower than the 18.6mW of the control example 3. This verifies that the power adaptive adjustment mechanism can effectively control energy consumption while ensuring the reliability of the communication link. The control example 2 also has higher power consumption due to frequent competition and retries.

[0105] 4. Data tampering attack success rate: The success rate of this embodiment is 0%, which fully demonstrates that the multi-level integrity verification mechanism can effectively resist malicious attacks and ensure the security and "controllability" of data transmission. In contrast, the success rate of Example 1 is as high as 18.3%, which exposes the serious security risks that the system is easily interfered with and tampered with without a verification mechanism.

[0106] Example 3: Key Management and Update Implementation Case

[0107] This embodiment further explains the key management and key update mechanism, which is the core guarantee for achieving long-term security and "controllability".

[0108] The system management platform triggers a key update process periodically (e.g., every 30 days):

[0109] 1. Generate a new first key pair (RSA-2048) and a device encryption key (AES-128), and distribute them to the regional communication managers through a secure channel.

[0110] 2. In the next communication cycle, the area communication manager will encrypt and send the new device encryption key to each low-voltage power distribution terminal device through device-level communication frames.

[0111] 3. The low-voltage power distribution terminal equipment receives and updates the locally stored key, and uses the new key in subsequent communications.

[0112] Experimental data: During the key update process, the communication success rate briefly dropped to 98.5%, and recovered to 99.6% after the update was completed. This shows that the key update mechanism of the present invention has a slight impact on the normal communication of the system. At the same time, by updating the key regularly, the system’s high security level is dynamically maintained, and sustainable “controllability” is achieved.

[0113] Example 4: Exception Handling and Fault Tolerance Mechanism

[0114] This embodiment further explains the exception handling and fault tolerance mechanisms, which enhance the system's "manageability and controllability" under non-ideal operating conditions.

[0115] Verification failure handling: If the verification fails in step S3, S7 or S1002, the system records the error log and triggers the retransmission mechanism (maximum number of retransmissions 3 times). This mechanism ensures that individual communication failures will not cause the entire control link to be interrupted, thus improving the robustness and controllability of the system.

[0116] Time slot out-of-sync handling: If the weak current distribution terminal equipment detects time slot out-of-sync (no valid frames are received for 3 consecutive cycles), it will actively request to resynchronize the time slot allocation table. This mechanism ensures the long-term stable operation of the TDMA system and avoids communication paralysis caused by equipment out-of-sync. It is an important measure to maintain the "controllable" communication order.

[0117] Experimental data: Under simulated signal interference environment, the communication success rate of the embodiment of the present invention remains above 98.5%, which proves that the anomaly handling and fault tolerance mechanism included in the present invention can effectively cope with harsh environments and ensure that the system can maintain a high degree of "controllability" under various conditions.

[0118] Through the experimental data and analysis of the above embodiments and comparative examples, it is fully demonstrated that the present invention, through a comprehensive approach including a three-level control architecture, multi-level security verification, TDMA resource scheduling, power adaptation, and fault tolerance, fully realizes the "manageable and controllable" transmission of data for weak current power distribution equipment in terms of communication reliability, real-time performance, security, and energy efficiency. The method described in this invention is applicable to various intelligent buildings, data centers, and other scenarios with high requirements for equipment management.

[0119] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A manageable and controllable data transmission communication method for low-voltage power distribution equipment, applied to a communication system for low-voltage power distribution equipment including a system management platform, at least one area communication manager, and multiple low-voltage power distribution terminal devices, wherein the area communication manager is connected to the system management platform via a first wireless communication link and to the multiple low-voltage power distribution terminal devices within its jurisdiction via a second wireless communication link, wherein the system management platform and each area communication manager pre-store a first key pair for identity authentication and data integrity protection, characterized in that... The method includes the following steps: S1: The system management platform generates a control instruction data packet for the target weak current distribution terminal equipment. The control instruction data packet includes at least the target equipment identifier, the instruction operation code, and the first integrity check code. S2: The system management platform sends the control instruction data packet to the target area communication manager through the first wireless communication link. The target area communication manager is an area communication manager associated with the target device identifier. S3: The target area communication manager receives and parses the control instruction data packet, extracts the target device identifier, instruction operation code and first integrity verification code, and verifies the first integrity verification code based on the pre-stored first verification public key corresponding to the signature private key in the first key pair; S4: When the first integrity check code is verified, the target area communication manager constructs a device-level communication frame. The device-level communication frame includes at least a frame header, the ciphertext of the instruction operation code, a second integrity check code, and a frame tail. The ciphertext of the instruction operation code is formed by processing the instruction operation code using the device encryption key corresponding to the target weak current distribution terminal device. The second integrity check code is generated based on a pre-stored second verification key and for the data content containing the ciphertext of the instruction operation code. S5: The target area communication manager sends the device-level communication frame to the target weak current distribution terminal equipment in a specified first communication time slot through the second wireless communication link using a time division multiple access method. S6: The target weak current distribution terminal device listens to and receives the device-level communication frame in the first communication time slot, and parses the device-level communication frame to obtain the ciphertext of the instruction operation code and the second integrity verification code; S7: The target weak current distribution terminal equipment uses the device decryption key corresponding to the device encryption key stored locally to reverse process the ciphertext of the instruction operation code to obtain the plaintext of the instruction operation code, and verifies the second integrity check code based on the third verification key corresponding to the second verification key stored locally. S8: When the second integrity check code is verified, the target weak current distribution terminal device performs the operation corresponding to the plaintext of the instruction operation code and generates operation response data. The operation response data includes at least the current device status information and the third integrity check code. S9: The target weak current distribution terminal equipment sends a response communication frame containing the operation response data to the target area communication manager in a specified second communication time slot through the second wireless communication link using a time division multiple access method. S10: The target area communication manager receives the response communication frame in the second communication time slot, parses the operation response data, verifies the third integrity check code, and encapsulates the verified operation response data into a platform-level data packet, which is then forwarded to the system management platform through the first wireless communication link. S11: The system management platform receives and parses the platform-level data packet, extracts the current device status information, and performs a status assessment based on the pre-stored device status threshold or operating strategy. If it is determined to be an abnormal status, an alarm message is generated and recorded in the device management log. At the same time, the device status database is updated according to the current device status information, and remote query and strategy configuration are supported. In step S5, before sending the device-level communication frame, the target area communication manager also performs carrier listening in a first listening window before the start of the first communication time slot. If the channel is busy, it will randomly back off and retry until the channel is idle or the maximum number of retries is reached. In step S9, before sending the response communication frame, the target weak current distribution terminal device also measures the received signal strength indication value of the reference signal from the target area communication manager within a second listening window before the start of the second communication time slot, and queries the target transmission power level according to the pre-stored correspondence table between the received signal strength indication value and the transmission power, and adjusts the transmission power of the wireless transmission module to the target transmission power level. In step S10, the process by which the target area communication manager encapsulates the verified operation response data into a platform-level data packet includes: using the second signature private key stored in the target area communication manager corresponding to the system management platform to process the platform-level data block containing the current device status information, generating a second digital signature, and encapsulating the second digital signature as a fourth integrity check code together with the platform-level data block to form the platform-level data packet.

2. The manageable and controllable data transmission communication method for low-voltage power distribution equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the process by which the system management platform generates the control command data packet specifically includes: S101: Obtain the target device identifier and the instruction operation code, wherein the instruction operation code is used to instruct the target weak current distribution terminal device to perform specific status query, parameter configuration or switch control operations; S102: Arrange the target device identifier and the instruction opcode according to a first predetermined data format to form an initial data block; S103: Process the initial data block using the signature private key in the first key pair stored on the system management platform to generate a first digital signature; S104: The first digital signature is used as the first integrity verification code and encapsulated together with the target device identifier and the instruction opcode to form the control instruction data packet.

3. The manageable and controllable data transmission communication method for low-voltage power distribution equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S3, the process by which the target area communication manager verifies the first integrity check code specifically includes: S301: Extract the target device identifier, instruction opcode, and first digital signature from the control instruction data packet; S302: Based on the target device identifier, locate the first verification public key stored locally; S303: Use the first verification public key to verify the first digital signature. If the verification is successful, confirm the integrity and authenticity of the source of the control instruction data packet and execute step S4. If the verification fails, discard the control instruction data packet and send a first error report to the system management platform.

4. The manageable and controllable data transmission communication method for low-voltage power distribution equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the process by which the target area communication manager constructs the device-level communication frame specifically includes: S401: Based on the target device identifier, retrieve the corresponding device encryption key and the second verification key from the local device key mapping table; S402: Encrypt the instruction opcode using the device encryption key to form the ciphertext of the instruction opcode; S403: Combine the ciphertext of the instruction opcode with the frame header and frame tail according to the second predetermined data format to form a data block to be verified; S404: Using the second verification key, generate a message authentication code for the data block to be verified, and use the message authentication code as the second integrity verification code; S405: Insert the second integrity check code into the specified position between the ciphertext of the instruction opcode and the frame tail in the data block to be checked, to form a complete device-level communication frame.

5. The manageable and controllable data transmission communication method for low-voltage power distribution equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S7, the process by which the target low-voltage power distribution terminal device reverse-processes the encrypted text of the instruction operation code and verifies the second integrity check code specifically includes: S701: Extract the ciphertext of the instruction opcode and the second integrity check code from the received device-level communication frame; S702: Using the locally stored device decryption key, which is the same as the device encryption key, the ciphertext of the instruction opcode is decrypted to obtain the plaintext of the instruction opcode; S703: Using a locally pre-stored verification key that is the same as the second verification key, generate a local message authentication code for the portion of the received device-level communication frame other than the second integrity check code; S704: Compare the local message authentication code with the received second integrity verification code. If they match, the verification is successful, and step S8 is executed. If they do not match, the device-level communication frame is discarded and a communication error log is recorded.

6. The manageable and controllable data transmission communication method for low-voltage power distribution equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The time-division multiple access method described in steps S5 and S9 is specifically implemented as follows: S501: The system management platform assigns a globally unique regional network identifier to each of the regional communication managers, and assigns a unique local device identifier to each of the weak current distribution terminal devices within the jurisdiction of its respective regional communication manager; S502: The target area communication manager allocates fixed uplink and downlink communication time slots to each weak current distribution terminal device according to the local device identifier of all weak current distribution terminal devices within its jurisdiction and the preset communication cycle duration. The first communication time slot is a specific downlink communication time slot allocated to the target weak current distribution terminal device, and the second communication time slot is a specific uplink communication time slot allocated to the target weak current distribution terminal device. S503: The target area communication manager broadcasts a time slot allocation table through the second wireless communication link. The time slot allocation table contains the mapping relationship between the local device identifier of each weak current distribution terminal device and its corresponding uplink and downlink communication time slots. S504: The target weak current distribution terminal equipment receives and stores the time slot allocation table, and activates the receiving circuit in the first communication time slot allocated to it to listen for downlink communication from the target area communication manager, and activates the transmitting circuit in the second communication time slot allocated to it to send uplink communication to the target area communication manager.

7. The manageable and controllable data transmission communication method for low-voltage power distribution equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S5, before the target area communication manager sends the device-level communication frame through the second wireless communication link, a channel sniffing and avoidance step is also included: S511: During a first listening window before the start of the first communication time slot, the target area communication manager performs carrier listening on a predetermined transmission channel; S512: If the channel is busy within the first listening window, the target area communication manager will randomly back off for a first backoff duration and then re-listen to the carrier until the channel is idle or the maximum number of retries is reached. S513: If channel idle is detected within the first listening window, or channel idle is detected after retry, then the device-level communication frame shall be sent immediately within the first communication time slot.

8. The manageable and controllable data transmission communication method for low-voltage power distribution equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S9, before the target low-voltage power distribution terminal device sends the response communication frame through the second wireless communication link, a power adaptive adjustment step is further included: S911: The target weak current distribution terminal device measures the received signal strength indication value of the reference signal received from the target area communication manager within a second listening window before the start of the second communication time slot; S912: According to the pre-stored correspondence table between received signal strength indication value and transmit power, the target transmit power level corresponding to the received signal strength indication value is obtained. In the correspondence table, the lower the received signal strength indication value, the higher the corresponding target transmit power level. S913: Adjust the transmission power of the wireless transmission module of the target weak current distribution terminal equipment to the target transmission power level; S914: Using the adjusted transmit power, transmit the response communication frame in the second communication time slot.

9. The manageable and controllable data transmission communication method for low-voltage power distribution equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S10, the process by which the target area communication manager encapsulates the verified operation response data into a platform-level data packet specifically includes: S1001: Parse the response communication frame to obtain the current device status information and the third integrity check code in the operation response data; S1002: Use the pre-stored fourth verification key corresponding to the target low-voltage power distribution terminal equipment to verify the third integrity check code. If the verification fails, discard the operation response data and record the error; if the verification passes, proceed to the next step. S1003: Combine the verified current device status information with the target device identifier and timestamp information according to a third predetermined data format to form a platform-level data block; S1004: The platform-level data block is processed using the second signature private key corresponding to the system management platform stored in the target area communication manager to generate a second digital signature; S1005: The second digital signature is used as the fourth integrity check code and encapsulated together with the platform-level data block to form the platform-level data packet.

10. A manageable and controllable data transmission communication method for low-voltage power distribution equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first wireless communication link is a link based on a cellular mobile communication network, and the second wireless communication link is a wireless personal area network link based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard or the ZigBee protocol. The low-voltage power distribution terminal equipment is an intelligent device used to monitor or control DC power distribution lines with voltage below 50 volts or AC power distribution lines with voltage below 36 volts, including but not limited to miniature circuit breaker status monitoring modules, DC power quality acquisition devices or low-voltage intelligent switch actuators. The regional communication manager is an embedded communication gateway device deployed in areas with concentrated low-voltage power distribution equipment, which has data aggregation and forwarding functions.

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