Hydrocyanic acid reactor with flexible tube plate structure
The problem of thermal stress deformation of the tube sheet in the hydrogen cyanide reactor was solved by using a flexible tube sheet structure and a demineralized water spray system, thereby achieving equipment stability and extending service life.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511777620.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-02
AI Technical Summary
In existing hydrogen cyanide reactors, the tube sheet temperature rises during the reaction process, leading to excessive thermal stress deformation, which can easily cause damage and shorten the service life.
The flexible tube sheet structure, combined with the cooling section and demineralized water spray system, compensates for thermal expansion differences through flexible deformation, reduces thermal stress concentration, enhances connection strength, and extends tube sheet life through uniform spray cooling.
It effectively reduces tube sheet temperature, minimizes thermal stress damage, extends the service life of the hydrogen cyanide reactor, and improves equipment stability and cooling effect.
Smart Images
Figure CN121244145A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of hydrogen cyanide production, in particular to a hydrogen cyanide reactor with a flexible tube plate structure. BACKGROUND
[0002] Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is also known as (anhydrous) hydrocyanic acid, which is a highly toxic chemical and can easily diffuse at room temperature and pressure. Industrial synthesis of hydrogen cyanide mainly uses the Amm's method for production, and the hydrogen cyanide reactor is the core device in the hydrogen cyanide production process. The principle of producing hydrogen cyanide by Amm's method is that the reaction gas mixture of methane or natural gas containing methane, ammonia and oxygen is converted through the catalyst net in the reactor at a temperature of about 1000℃.
[0003] However, the existing hydrogen cyanide reactor will cause the temperature of the tube plate to rise during the reaction process. After the tube plate is affected by high temperature, it will deform under the action of thermal stress, and the deformation amount is too large, which can easily lead to damage to the entire tube plate, thereby shortening the service life of the hydrogen cyanide reactor. SUMMARY
[0004] In view of the above problems in the prior art, the present application provides a hydrogen cyanide reactor with a flexible tube plate structure to solve the problem that the existing hydrogen cyanide reactor will cause the temperature of the tube plate to rise during the reaction process. After the tube plate is affected by high temperature, it will deform under the action of thermal stress, and the deformation amount is too large, which can easily lead to damage to the entire tube plate, thereby shortening the service life of the hydrogen cyanide reactor.
[0005] The inventor found in the process of solving the above technical problems that: 1. The rigid tube plate deforms greatly under the action of thermal stress, which can easily lead to damage due to cracking; 2. After the rigid tube plate deforms under the action of thermal stress, the middle part of the tube plate arches upward, thereby forming an air cavity, which makes it difficult for the tube plate to contact with the cooling water, thereby reducing the cooling effect of the tube plate; 3. After the rigid tube plate deforms, stress concentration can easily occur at the connection between the tube plate and the heat exchange tube, and the height of the weld at the connection is insufficient, which can easily lead to damage at the connection.
[0006] Therefore, the present application adopts the following technical solutions: The flexible tube plate structure hydrogen cyanide reactor comprises a tank body, an air inlet and an air outlet are fixedly installed at the upper and lower ends of the tank body respectively, a catalyst net is arranged inside the top end of the tank body, and an exciter is fixedly installed outside the tank body; a distributor is arranged above the catalyst net; a heat exchange pipe is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the tank body at the bottom end, a tube plate is fixedly installed inside the tank body, the top end of the heat exchange pipe is connected with the tube plate, the tube plate is arranged below the distributor, and the tube plate is a flexible plate; a cooling part is arranged below the tube plate; and a manifold part is installed outside the tank body and is in communication with the cooling part through a pipeline.
[0007] Thus, when producing hydrogen cyanide, raw material gas enters the tank body from the air inlet, flows downward, contacts the catalyst net after flowing to a certain height, the exciter is turned on, the raw material gas reacts under high temperature and catalysis of the catalyst net, the tube plate deforms under thermal stress during the reaction process, the cooling part is arranged below the tube plate, the manifold part is in communication with the cooling part through a pipeline, the manifold part is turned on, desalted water is transported to the inside of the tank body and the cooling part, the desalted water vaporizes after being subjected to high temperature in the tank body, heat in the tank body is consumed, the cooling part is turned on at the same time, the tube plate is forcibly cooled by using desalted water spraying, the tube plate is a flexible plate, thermal expansion difference between the heat exchange pipe and the tank body can be compensated through flexible deformation, the possibility of stress concentration of the tube plate under thermal stress can be reduced by the structure, the possibility of tube plate cracking damage can be reduced, and the service life of the hydrogen cyanide reactor can be prolonged.
[0008] Further, the surface of the tube plate is uniformly provided with a butt joint interface, the heat exchange pipe is inserted into the butt joint interface, and the top end of the heat exchange pipe is fixedly connected with a connecting pipe.
[0009] Thus, when the heat exchange pipe is connected with the tube plate, the heat exchange pipe and the connecting pipe are inserted into the butt joint interface, the end of the connecting pipe extends to the top surface of the butt joint interface, the end surface of the connecting pipe is welded to the top surface of the butt joint interface, and the welding height is increased according to different working conditions, so that the connection between the heat exchange pipe and the tube plate can be strengthened, and the welding seam arranged on the surface of the tube plate facilitates subsequent maintenance of the operator.
[0010] Further, the cooling part comprises a plurality of horizontally arranged cross pipes, the plurality of cross pipes are equidistantly distributed, the cross pipes are opposite to the gaps between the holes on the surface of the tube plate, the cross pipes can be in communication with the manifold part through a pipeline, and the top surface of each cross pipe is provided with a spraying mechanism.
[0011] Thus, when the tube plate needs to be forcedly cooled, the spray mechanism sprays desalted water to the gap between the holes on the surface of the tube plate, so as to reduce the temperature of the joint between the tube plate and the heat exchange tube, and the horizontal tube is evenly distributed between the heat exchange tubes, so as to reduce the distance between the spray mechanism and the tube plate, so that the tube plate can be uniformly cooled, and the possibility of local thermal stress concentration is reduced.
[0012] Further, the manifold includes a plurality of riser pipes and a plurality of downcomers, the plurality of riser pipes are arranged in a circumferential array, an output pipe is fixedly installed outside the riser pipe, and an input pipe is fixedly installed inside the riser pipe and communicates with the tank body; The plurality of downcomers are arranged in a circumferential array, an input liquid pipe is fixedly installed outside the downcomer, and an output liquid pipe is fixedly installed inside the downcomer and communicates with the horizontal pipe through a pipeline, and the output pipe and the input liquid pipe communicate with an external separator through a pipeline.
[0013] Thus, when the tube plate needs to be cooled, the input liquid pipe is opened, desalted water enters the downcomer through the input liquid pipe, the downcomer delivers the desalted water to the input liquid pipe, the desalted water enters the tank body through the input liquid pipe, and the desalted water vaporizes after meeting the high temperature in the tank body, thereby consuming the heat in the tank body, the high-temperature steam after vaporization and the residual desalted water enter the input pipe, and then enter the output pipe through the riser pipe, and the output pipe and the input liquid pipe communicate with an external separator through a pipeline, and the separated desalted water is circulated back to the input liquid pipe through a pipeline of the separator, so that the pipeline can be integrated to save space, and the desalted water can be uniformly delivered and the utilization rate of the desalted water can be improved.
[0014] Further, the distributor is made of a plurality of sintered nets and a silk screen, so that the raw gas can be filtered again, the raw gas can be uniformly delivered to contact the catalyst net, and the stability of the equipment during the reaction process is improved.
[0015] Further, the exciter end is slidingly connected with an excitation rod, and a safety valve is fixedly installed on the side, so that when the excitation rod is withdrawn, the pipeline communicating the exciter with the tank body is closed, and the possibility of leakage of the raw gas in the tank body is reduced.
[0016] Further, the catalyst net is made of a platinum-rhodium net, so that the reaction efficiency can be improved.
[0017] Further, the tank body is symmetrically fixedly installed with a fixed support on the side, so that the weight of the tank body can be supported, and the stability of the tank body during the reaction process is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0018] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional structure schematic view of the hydrogen cyanide reactor with the flexible tube plate structure according to the embodiment of the present application. Figure 2This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the top of the tank in an embodiment of the hydrogen cyanide reactor with a flexible tube sheet structure according to the present invention. Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the cooling section in an embodiment of the flexible tube sheet structure of the hydrogen cyanide reactor of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the riser pipe and related components in an embodiment of the flexible tube sheet structure of the hydrogen cyanide reactor of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the downcomer and related components in an embodiment of the flexible tube sheet structure of the hydrogen cyanide reactor of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the connection between the heat exchange tube and the tube sheet in an embodiment of the flexible tube sheet structure of the hydrogen cyanide reactor of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the exciter in an embodiment of the flexible tube sheet structure of the hydrogen cyanide reactor of the present invention; Reference numerals in the accompanying drawings: Tank body 1, air inlet 101, air outlet 102, catalyst mesh 103, fixed support 104; Exciter 2, exciter rod 201, safety valve 202; Distributor 3; Heat exchange tube 4, tube sheet 401, docking interface 402, connecting tube 403; Cooling section 5, horizontal pipe 501; Manifold 6, Ascending pipe 601, Downcomer pipe 602, Output pipe 603, Input pipe 604, Infusion pipe 605, Inlet pipe 606. Detailed Implementation
[0019] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0020] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual images. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent. To better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual dimensions of the product. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.
[0021] Example: like Figures 1-7As shown, the flexible tube sheet structure of the present invention includes a tank 1. An inlet 101 and an outlet 102 are fixedly installed at the upper and lower ends of the tank 1, respectively. Fixed supports 104 are symmetrically fixedly installed on the outer side of the tank 1. The tank 1 is fixedly connected to an external support through the fixed supports 104. Multiple riser pipes 601 are fixedly installed on the outer side of the top of the tank 1. Specifically, eight riser pipes 601 are arranged in a circumferential array on the outer side of the tank 1. Two input pipes 604 are symmetrically fixedly installed on the inner side of each riser pipe 601 and communicate with the tank 1. An output pipe 603 is fixedly installed on the outer side of each riser pipe 601. The output pipe 603 can communicate with an external separator through a pipeline. Multiple downcomer pipes 602 are fixedly installed on the outer side of the bottom of the tank body 1. Specifically, the six downcomer pipes 602 are arranged in a circular array. Two infusion pipes 605 are symmetrically fixedly installed on the inner side of each downcomer pipe 602 and connected to the tank body 1. An inlet pipe 606 is fixedly installed on the outer side of each downcomer pipe 602. The inlet pipe 606 can be connected to the separator in the outside through the pipeline. In this way, during the reaction process, the inlet pipe 606 is opened, and the demineralized water is supplied from the outside into the downcomer 602 through the inlet pipe 606. After being evenly distributed through the downcomer 602, it enters the delivery pipe 605. The delivery pipe 605 delivers the demineralized water into the tank 1. The demineralized water vaporizes when it encounters the high temperature inside the tank 1. The high-temperature steam enters the riser pipe 601 through the input pipe 604. After being evenly distributed through the riser pipe 601, it enters the output pipe 603. The output pipe 603 is connected to the separator outside. Through the siphon effect, the cooled and liquefied demineralized water is transported back to the inlet pipe 606 for recycling.
[0022] Inside the tank 1, from top to bottom, there are a distributor 3, a catalyst mesh 103, and a tube sheet 401. Specifically, the distributor 3 is made by pressing together three layers of sintered mesh and three layers of wire mesh. The raw material gas is filtered by the distributor 3 and then evenly distributed, reducing the possibility of vortex formation in the raw material gas. The catalyst mesh 103 can be made of platinum-rhodium mesh or platinum-rhodium-palladium mesh. The tube sheet 401 is made of flexible plate, which can undergo flexible deformation. An exciter 2 is fixedly installed on the outside of the tank 1. Specifically, one end of the exciter 2 faces the catalyst mesh 103, and the other end is slidably connected to an exciter rod 201. A safety valve 202 is fixedly installed on the side.
[0023] The tube sheet 401 has uniformly arranged docking interfaces 402, and heat exchange tubes 4 are inserted into the docking interfaces 402. Specifically, according to the stress analysis design method, the wall thickness of the heat exchange tube 4 is set to 3.5mm, which can support the stability of the thin and flexible tube sheet 401. The top end of the heat exchange tube 4 is fixedly connected to the connecting pipe 403, and the bottom end of the heat exchange tube 4 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tank 1. The end face of the connecting pipe 403 is welded to the top surface of the docking interface 402. Specifically, the weld height is determined according to the standard GB / T 150.3 and the actual working conditions.
[0024] Multiple horizontal tubes 501 are horizontally arranged between heat exchange tubes 4. Each horizontal tube 501 is evenly distributed. A spraying mechanism is provided on the top surface of each horizontal tube 501. The spraying mechanism is directly facing the gap between the holes on the surface of the tube sheet 401. Each horizontal tube 501 is connected to the liquid inlet pipe 606 through a pipeline. Specifically, during the reaction process, the demineralized water in the inlet pipe 606 is transported to the horizontal pipe 501 through the pipeline. It is then sprayed through the spray holes on the top surface of the horizontal pipe 501 toward the gaps in the holes on the surface of the tube sheet 401. The sprayed demineralized water vaporizes upon contact with the high-temperature surface of the tube sheet 401. The high-temperature steam, along with the residual demineralized water, is transported to the external separator through the outlet pipe 603. During this process, the surface temperature of the tube sheet 401 drops from 1100° to 150-300°, significantly reducing the surface temperature of the tube sheet 401 and thus reducing the thermal stress borne by the tube sheet 401.
[0025] The above are merely embodiments of the present invention. Commonly known structures and characteristics are not described in detail here. Those skilled in the art are aware of all common technical knowledge in the field prior to the application date or priority date, and are capable of using conventional experimental methods prior to that date. They can improve and implement the present invention based on the guidance provided in this application and their own capabilities. Typical known structures or methods should not be obstacles for those skilled in the art to implement this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the structure of the present invention. These modifications and improvements should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention, and will not affect the effectiveness of the invention or the practicality of the patent.
Claims
1. A hydrogen cyanide reactor with a flexible tube sheet structure, characterized in that, include: Tank (1), with an air inlet (101) and an air outlet (102) fixedly installed at the upper and lower ends of the tank (1), a catalyst mesh (103) is provided inside the top of the tank (1), and an exciter (2) is fixedly installed on the outside of the tank (1). A distributor (3) is disposed above the catalyst mesh (103); Heat exchange tube (4), the bottom end of the heat exchange tube (4) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tank (1), a tube sheet (401) is fixedly installed inside the tank (1), the top end of the heat exchange tube (4) is connected to the tube sheet (401), the tube sheet (401) is placed below the distributor (3), and the tube sheet (401) is a flexible plate; Cooling section (5), the cooling section (5) is disposed below the tube sheet (401); The manifold (6) is installed on the outside of the tank (1) and is connected to the cooling section (5) through a pipeline.
2. The hydrogen cyanide reactor with a flexible tube sheet structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The tube sheet (401) is uniformly provided with docking interfaces (402), the heat exchange tube (4) is inserted into the docking interface (402), and a connecting tube (403) is fixedly connected to the top end of the heat exchange tube (4). The end face of the connecting tube (403) is welded to the top surface of the docking interface (402).
3. The hydrogen cyanide reactor with a flexible tube sheet structure as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The cooling section (5) includes multiple horizontally arranged horizontal pipes (501), which are equidistantly distributed. The horizontal pipes (501) are directly opposite the gap between the holes on the surface of the tube sheet (401). The horizontal pipes (501) can all be connected to the manifold section (6) through pipelines. The top surface of each horizontal pipe (501) is provided with a spraying mechanism.
4. The hydrogen cyanide reactor with a flexible tube sheet structure as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The manifold (6) includes multiple riser pipes (601) and multiple downcomer pipes (602). The multiple riser pipes (601) are arranged in a circumferential array. An output pipe (603) is fixedly installed on the outside of the riser pipe (601), and an input pipe (604) is symmetrically fixedly installed on the inside of the riser pipe (601) and communicates with the tank body (1). Multiple downcomers (602) are arranged in a circular array. Infusion pipes (605) are symmetrically fixedly installed on the inner side of each downcomer (602). The infusion pipes (605) are connected to the horizontal pipe (501) through a pipeline. An inlet pipe (606) is fixedly installed on the outer side of each downcomer (602). Both the outlet pipe (603) and the inlet pipe (606) are connected to the separator in the outside through pipelines.
5. The hydrogen cyanide reactor with a flexible tube sheet structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The distributor (3) is made of multi-layer sintered mesh and wire mesh pressing.
6. The hydrogen cyanide reactor with a flexible tube sheet structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The exciter (2) has an exciter rod (201) slidably connected to its end and a safety valve (202) fixedly installed on its side.
7. The hydrogen cyanide reactor with a flexible tube sheet structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The catalyst mesh (103) is a platinum-rhodium mesh.
8. The hydrogen cyanide reactor with a flexible tube sheet structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The tank body (1) is symmetrically fixedly mounted with fixed supports (104) on its side.