Method for collecting riverway sludge to restore riverbed ecology
By using grid-based sampling and planting devices to buffer water flow, the problems of inaccurate riverbed silt removal and low survival rate of aquatic plants were solved, achieving precise dredging and efficient ecological restoration.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511350554.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-22
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies for riverbed ecological restoration suffer from problems such as inaccurate silt removal leading to secondary ecological damage and low survival rates of aquatic plants. Traditional dredging methods also disturb unpolluted areas, and transplanted aquatic plants are prone to lodging and drifting.
The sampling area is divided into grids, and planting channels are formed by planting devices. The planting devices buffer the water flow, reducing the erosion of aquatic plants and native soil. Combined with adjustable floating grids, the aquatic plants are protected and the survival rate is improved.
Accurately identify polluted areas, reduce dredging costs and workload, minimize ecological damage, and improve the survival rate and planting effect of aquatic plants.
Smart Images
Figure CN121248099A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of riverbed ecological restoration technology, specifically relating to a method for collecting riverbed silt to restore riverbed ecology. Background Technology
[0002] With the acceleration of industrialization and the rapid growth of urban population, the phenomenon of various industrial wastewater and domestic sewage being discharged directly or indirectly into rivers without adequate treatment is becoming increasingly common. In addition, the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural production leads to the loss of nutrients, which also enter the river system via surface runoff. This results in the continuous accumulation and deposition of pollutants in the rivers, forming silt. This silt not only occupies the effective water passage of the river, reducing its flood control and drainage capacity, but also releases heavy metals (such as cadmium, lead, and chromium), high concentrations of organic matter, and other harmful components into the water, causing eutrophication, water quality deterioration, and other problems. It severely damages the habitats of aquatic organisms, leading to a decline in aquatic biodiversity and disrupting the river's ecosystem.
[0003] Currently, the main technical approaches for riverbed ecological restoration focus on two main areas: silt removal and aquatic plant planting. Regarding silt removal, traditional methods often employ a comprehensive dredging approach, using dredgers to excavate silt from the entire riverbed. However, this method lacks precise assessment of the riverbed's pollution status, often causing unnecessary disturbance to unpolluted or lightly polluted silt areas. This not only increases dredging costs and workload but may also disrupt the original benthic community structure, leading to secondary ecological damage. In the aquatic plant planting and restoration phase, existing technologies typically involve directly transplanting aquatic plants along with their native soil to the cleaned riverbed. However, due to the scouring action of river flow, the native soil is difficult to anchor to the riverbed surface, and transplanted aquatic plants are prone to lodging and drifting, resulting in low survival rates. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a method for collecting riverbed silt to restore riverbed ecology. A planting device is used to form a planting channel, which buffers the water flow entering the planting channel, reducing the erosion of aquatic plants and native soil by the water flow, lowering the risk of lodging and drifting of aquatic plants in the planting space, and improving the survival rate of aquatic plants.
[0005] The specific technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:
[0006] A method for collecting riverbed silt to restore riverbed ecology includes the following steps:
[0007] S1. Divide the riverbed into sampling areas in a grid pattern and collect silt from each area to obtain multiple silt samples. Then, test the content of harmful components in each silt sample and identify the areas of the riverbed to be restored based on the test results.
[0008] S2. Clean the silt from the area to be repaired;
[0009] S3. Lay the planting device in the cleaned area to be restored, dig a pit along the planting port of the planting device to form a planting pit, and transplant the aquatic plants used for ecological restoration along with their native soil into the planting pit along the planting channel of the planting device.
[0010] The specific criteria for confirming the area to be repaired in step S1 are as follows:
[0011] S101. When any index in the sludge sample meets the following conditions, the sampling area is determined to be an area to be remediated. The conditions include: cadmium ≥ 0.6 mg / kg, lead ≥ 100 mg / kg, chromium ≥ 150 mg / kg, mercury ≥ 0.5 mg / kg, arsenic ≥ 30 mg / kg, organic matter content ≥ 80 g / kg, and total phosphorus content ≥ 2.0 g / kg.
[0012] S102. If the sampling areas at both ends of three consecutive sampling areas in the horizontal or vertical direction are areas to be repaired, then the middle sampling area is also determined to be an area to be repaired.
[0013] After the silt in the area to be repaired described in step S2 is cleared down to the exposed soil layer of the riverbed, continue clearing downwards for 5-10cm.
[0014] The planting device described in step S3 includes a settling grid at the lower layer and a floating grid above it. The settling grid and the floating grid are respectively provided with multiple sets of corresponding settling mesh holes and floating mesh holes. The corresponding nodes between the settling grid and the floating grid are connected by connecting ropes. The area between the settling mesh holes and the floating mesh holes is the planting channel.
[0015] Multiple sets of counterweights are evenly distributed on the settling grid, and the settling grid settles to the bottom of the riverbed with the help of the counterweights.
[0016] The ribs of the floating grid are hollow plastic tubes. The hollow cavities of multiple sets of ribs of the floating grid are interconnected and together form a water storage chamber. The floating grid is provided with a water inlet, an air inlet, and a drain outlet. A drain check valve is provided at the drain outlet. An air pump passes through the air inlet to vent air into the water storage chamber and drives the water in the water storage chamber to be discharged through the drain outlet. The two ends of the connecting rope are tied and fixed to the nodes of the settling grid and the floating grid, respectively. The middle section of the connecting rope is bent into multiple strands in an S-shape and tied with an elastic ring. The middle section of the connecting rope is released from the elastic ring by the buoyancy of the floating grid and returns to its original length.
[0017] The height adjustment of the floating grid specifically includes the following steps:
[0018] Q1. Before laying the planting device, first inject water into the water storage chamber along the water inlet of the floating grid, and then stack the middle section of the connecting rope in an S-shape and tie it with an elastic ring.
[0019] Q2. The floating grid filled with water is laid in the water together with the settling grid. The floating grid is suspended in the water under the action of buoyancy and the pull of the connecting rope.
[0020] Q3. After the top of the aquatic plants is 0.5-1m higher than the floating grid, open the drain check valve of the floating grid. The output end of the air pump is connected to the air inlet through a hose and air is introduced into the water storage chamber. The water pre-injected in the water storage chamber is discharged through the drain outlet with the help of air pressure. The weight of the floating grid decreases, the top of the connecting rope is pulled upward, the middle section of the connecting rope breaks free from the elastic ring and restores its length, the floating height of the floating grid increases and it floats on the water surface.
[0021] During the binding process, the distance between the two ends of the connecting rope is 50-80cm. After the middle section of the connecting rope breaks free from the elastic ring, the distance between the two ends of the connecting rope is 3-5m.
[0022] Multiple sets of drainage outlets are provided at the nodes of the floating grid. The connecting ropes include any one of cotton rope, flax rope, or coconut fiber rope. Nutrient solution is injected into the water storage chamber. The nutrient solution seeps into the connecting ropes along the drainage outlets and is absorbed by the aquatic plants in the planting channel.
[0023] The nutrient solution, by mass concentration, comprises 1-2% potassium nitrate, 1-2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3-0.5% magnesium sulfate, 0.2-0.3% EDTA-iron, 0.05-0.1% boric acid, with the remainder being water.
[0024] The beneficial effects of this invention are:
[0025] 1. In this invention, the sampling area is first divided into grids. By detecting the harmful components of multiple silt samples, the distribution pattern of riverbed pollution can be captured more accurately. Dredging is carried out only in the areas to be restored as confirmed by the detection, avoiding the blindness of traditional full-area dredging, avoiding ineffective disturbance to unpolluted or lightly polluted areas, reducing dredging costs and workload, and reducing secondary ecological damage.
[0026] Then, planting channels are formed through planting devices. These devices buffer the water flow entering the planting channels, reducing the erosion of aquatic plants and native soil by the water flow, lowering the risk of lodging and drifting of aquatic plants in the planting space, and improving the survival rate of aquatic plants.
[0027] 2. The height of the floating grid in this invention is adjustable. Before laying the planting device, water is injected into the water storage chamber to ensure that the sum of the weight of the floating grid itself and the weight of the water in the water storage chamber is m.总 Slightly less than the buoyancy F acting on the floating grid 浮 The floating grid will float in the water. At this time, the upward tension F1 on the connection end between the connecting rope and the floating grid is equal to (F 浮 -m 总 ) / n, where n is the number of connecting ropes of the planting device. At this time, F1 is small and cannot provide enough tension to make the middle section of the connecting rope break free from the elastic ring. Therefore, the floating grid will form a dynamic balance in the water and be suspended in the water.
[0028] Once the aquatic plants have grown to 0.5-1m above the floating grid, open the drain valve and use an air pump to inject air into the water storage chamber. The water in the storage chamber will then be discharged outwards through the drain under air pressure. Because the floating grid is made of lightweight plastic, its weight is only [m]. 漂浮格 The buoyancy force F_buoyancy is much smaller than that of the floating grid. At this time, the tension F1 increases, exceeding the binding force of the elastic ring on the middle section of the connecting rope. As a result, the middle section of the connecting rope breaks free from the elastic ring and returns to its original length. The floating grid will float to the water surface at this time because it is temporarily free from the binding force of the connecting rope. At this time, the connecting rope is taut again to prevent the floating grid from drifting on the water surface. Attached Figure Description
[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention;
[0030] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the riverbed cross-section when the connecting rope has not broken free of the elastic ring;
[0031] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the riverbed cross-section after the connecting rope has broken free of the elastic ring;
[0032] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the planting device structure when the connecting rope has not broken free from the elastic ring;
[0033] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the planting device structure after the connecting rope breaks free from the elastic ring;
[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the settlement grid structure;
[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the floating grid structure;
[0036] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting rope structure;
[0037] In the attached diagram, 1 is a settling grid, 2 is a floating grid, 3 is a settling mesh, 4 is a floating mesh, 5 is a connecting rope, 6 is a counterweight, 7 is a water inlet, 8 is an air inlet, 9 is a drain outlet, and 10 is an elastic ring. Detailed Implementation
[0038] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:
[0039] in Figure 4-5 The dotted lines in the diagram represent connecting ropes 5. To clearly show the structure of the planting device and to avoid the connecting ropes 5 obscuring too much of the structure, some connecting ropes 5 are replaced with dotted lines.
[0040] Specific embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a method for collecting riverbed silt to restore riverbed ecology, comprising the following steps:
[0041] S1. Divide the riverbed into sampling areas in a grid pattern and collect silt from each area to obtain multiple silt samples. Then, test the content of harmful components in each silt sample and identify the areas of the riverbed to be restored based on the test results.
[0042] S2. Clean the silt from the area to be repaired;
[0043] S3. Lay the planting devices in an array in the cleaned area to be restored. Dig pits along the planting openings of the planting devices to form planting pits. Transplant the aquatic plants used for ecological restoration along with their native soil into the planting pits along the planting channels of the planting devices.
[0044] Currently, the main technical approaches for riverbed ecological restoration focus on two main areas: silt removal and aquatic plant planting. Regarding silt removal, traditional methods often employ a comprehensive dredging approach, using dredgers to excavate silt from the entire riverbed. However, this method lacks precise assessment of the riverbed's pollution status, often causing unnecessary disturbance to unpolluted or lightly polluted silt areas. This not only increases dredging costs and workload but may also disrupt the original benthic community structure, leading to secondary ecological damage. In the aquatic plant planting and restoration phase, existing technologies typically involve directly transplanting aquatic plants along with their native soil to the cleaned riverbed. However, due to the scouring action of river flow, the native soil is difficult to anchor to the riverbed surface, and transplanted aquatic plants are prone to lodging and drifting, resulting in low survival rates.
[0045] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention first employs a gridded (e.g., 10m*10m) approach to divide the sampling area. By detecting harmful components in multiple sets of silt samples, the distribution patterns of riverbed pollution can be captured more accurately. Dredging is then carried out only in the areas confirmed to require restoration, avoiding the blindness of traditional full-area dredging, preventing ineffective disturbance to unpolluted or lightly polluted areas, reducing dredging costs and workload, and minimizing secondary ecological damage.
[0046] Then, planting channels are formed through planting devices. These devices buffer the water flow entering the planting channels, reducing the erosion of aquatic plants and native soil by the water flow, lowering the risk of lodging and drifting of aquatic plants in the planting space, and improving the survival rate of aquatic plants.
[0047] The specific criteria for confirming the area to be repaired in step S1 are as follows:
[0048] S101. When any index in the sludge sample meets the following conditions, the sampling area is determined to be an area to be remediated. The conditions include: cadmium ≥ 0.6 mg / kg, lead ≥ 100 mg / kg, chromium ≥ 150 mg / kg, mercury ≥ 0.5 mg / kg, arsenic ≥ 30 mg / kg, organic matter content ≥ 80 g / kg, and total phosphorus content ≥ 2.0 g / kg.
[0049] S102. If the sampling areas at both ends of three consecutive sampling areas in the horizontal or vertical direction are areas to be repaired, then the middle sampling area is also determined to be an area to be repaired.
[0050] This invention provides a quantitative and clear standard for determining areas to be repaired, avoiding subjective judgment errors and improving the accuracy and objectivity of defining polluted areas. At the same time, considering that pollutants may spread in the riverbed, the middle area located between the two areas to be repaired is likely to be hiddenly polluted, so it is also included in the area to be repaired, thus avoiding blind spots in the repair process.
[0051] After the silt in the area to be repaired described in step S2 is cleared down to the exposed soil layer of the riverbed, continue clearing downwards for 5-10cm.
[0052] Since harmful substances in the silt may have spread into the underlying sand layer, the surface of the sand layer needs to be removed.
[0053] like Figure 2-7 As shown, the planting device in step S3 includes a settling grid 1 located at the lower layer and a floating grid 2 located above it. The settling grid 1 and the floating grid 2 are respectively provided with multiple sets of corresponding settling mesh holes 3 and floating mesh holes 4. The corresponding nodes between the settling grid 1 and the floating grid 2 are connected by connecting ropes 5. The area between the settling mesh holes 3 and the floating mesh holes 4 is the planting channel.
[0054] The lower settling grid 1 is attached to the bottom of the riverbed, and the upper floating grid 2 is suspended in the water. The two are fixed in relative position by connecting rope 5. First, the settling grid 1 surrounds the top and perimeter of the planting pit. Before the turbulent water flows through the planting pit, it impacts the surface of the settling grid 1, thus achieving a water flow buffering effect.
[0055] Meanwhile, the settling grid 1, the floating grid 2, and the connecting rope 5 together form a three-dimensional planting channel that can surround the aquatic plants. When the water flows through the connecting rope 5, the water flow is divided into two streams, which can also play a certain buffering role, thus protecting the aquatic plants.
[0056] like Figure 6 As shown, multiple sets of counterweights 6 are evenly distributed on the settling grid 1, and the settling grid 1 settles to the bottom of the riverbed with the help of the counterweights 6.
[0057] The counterweights 6 evenly distributed on the settling grid 1 can increase the weight of the grid itself, offset the buoyancy of the water on the grid and the impact force of the water flow, so that the grid can settle stably and fit the riverbed substrate, and will not float up and down or move laterally with the water flow.
[0058] like Figure 2-5 and Figure 8 As shown, the ribs of the floating grid 2 are hollow plastic tubes. The hollow cavities of multiple sets of ribs of the floating grid 2 are interconnected and together form a water storage chamber. The floating grid 2 is respectively provided with a water inlet 7, an air inlet 8, and a drain outlet 9. A drain one-way valve is provided at the drain outlet 9. The air pump circulates air into the water storage chamber through the air inlet 8 and drives the water in the water storage chamber to be discharged through the drain outlet 9. The two ends of the connecting rope 5 are respectively tied and fixed to the nodes of the settling grid 1 and the floating grid 2. The middle section of the connecting rope 5 is bent into multiple strands in an S-shape and tied with an elastic ring 10. The middle section of the connecting rope 5 is released from the elastic ring 10 by the buoyancy of the floating grid 2 and returns to its original length.
[0059] The height adjustment of the floating grid 2 specifically includes the following steps:
[0060] Q1. Before laying the planting device, first inject water into the water storage chamber through the water inlet 7 of the floating grid 2, and then stack the middle section of the connecting rope 5 in an S-shape and tie it with the elastic ring 10.
[0061] Q2. The floating grid 2 filled with water is laid in the water together with the settling grid 1. The floating grid 2 is suspended in the water under the action of buoyancy and the pulling of the connecting rope 5.
[0062] Q3. After the top of the aquatic plants is 0.5-1m higher than the top of the floating grid 2, open the drain check valve of the floating grid 2. The output end of the air pump is connected to the air inlet 8 through the hose and air is introduced into the water storage chamber. The water pre-injected in the water storage chamber is discharged through the drain outlet 9 by the air pressure. The weight of the floating grid 2 decreases, the top of the connecting rope 5 is pulled upward, the middle section of the connecting rope 5 breaks free from the elastic ring 10 and restores its length, the floating height of the floating grid 2 increases and it floats on the water surface.
[0063] Because some aquatic plants, such as reeds, grow relatively quickly and can reach a height of about 3m when mature, the reeds will exceed the height of the floating grid 2 in the later stages of growth. The planting device cannot provide good protection for the reeds. In addition, when the reeds grow to the top and are close to the water surface by 0-30cm, the crew cannot observe the reed community and avoid it. When the ship passes over the reeds, the engine is easy to get caught in the reed stems, causing engine failure or plant damage.
[0064] Therefore, the height of the floating grid 2 in this invention is adjustable. Before laying the planting device, water is injected into the water storage chamber to ensure that the sum of the weight of the floating grid 2 itself and the weight of the water in the water storage chamber is m. 总 Slightly less than the buoyancy F acting on the floating grid 2 浮 The floating grid 2 will float in the water. At this time, the upward tension F1 on the connection end between the connecting rope 5 and the floating grid 2 is equal to (F 浮 -m 总 ) / n, where n is the number of connecting ropes 5 of the planting device. At this time, F1 is small and cannot provide enough tension to make the middle section of the connecting rope 5 break free from the elastic ring 10. Therefore, the floating grid 2 will form a dynamic balance in the water and be suspended in the water.
[0065] When the aquatic plants grow to 0.5-1m above the top of the floating grid 2, open the drain check valve of the drain outlet 9 and use an air pump to inject air into the water storage chamber. Under air pressure, the water in the storage chamber will be discharged outwards through the drain outlet 9. Since the floating grid 2 is made of lightweight plastic, its own weight is only m... 漂浮格栅 Much smaller than the buoyancy F acting on the floating grid 浮 This causes the tension F1 to increase, exceeding the binding force of the elastic ring 10 on the middle section of the connecting rope 5. As a result, the middle section of the connecting rope 5 breaks free from the elastic ring 10 and returns to its original length. At this time, the floating grid 2 will float to the water surface briefly without the binding force of the connecting rope 5. At this time, the connecting rope 5 is taut again to prevent the floating grid 2 from drifting on the water surface.
[0066] The above methods can extend the planting channel, provide protection for aquatic plants in the later stages of growth, and the floating grid 2 floating on the water surface can also serve as a warning to passing ships, preventing ship engines from getting caught in reed stems.
[0067] During the binding process, the distance between the two ends of the connecting rope 5 is 50-80cm. After the middle section of the connecting rope 5 breaks free from the elastic ring 10, the distance between the two ends of the connecting rope 5 is 3-5m.
[0068] In this invention, the middle section of the connecting rope 5 increases in thickness during the binding process, which enhances the buffering effect on the water flow and provides better protection for the aquatic plants and the native soil during the initial transplanting stage. The specific length of the connecting rope 5 is determined based on the water level of the river to be repaired; the length of the connecting rope 5 should be slightly greater than the water depth to ensure that the connecting rope 5 provides sufficient length for the floating grid 2 to float to the water surface.
[0069] Multiple sets of drainage outlets 9 are provided at the nodes of the floating grid 2. The connecting rope 5 includes any one of cotton rope, flax rope or coconut fiber rope. Nutrient solution is injected into the water storage chamber. The nutrient solution seeps into the connecting rope 5 along the drainage outlet 9 and is absorbed by the aquatic plants in the planting channel.
[0070] Cotton rope, flax rope, and coconut fiber rope all have good water absorption and retention properties. Without allowing the connecting rope 5 to break free of the elastic ring 10, the nutrient solution inside the water storage chamber can be released in small amounts along the drain outlet 9 under the action of the air pump. Since the drain outlet 9 is located at the binding point between the connecting rope 5 and the floating grid 2, most of the released nutrient solution is absorbed and guided by the connecting rope 5 and dispersed in the planting channel, where it is absorbed by aquatic plants, meeting their nutrient needs in the early stages of growth and compensating for the lack of nutrients in the riverbed sediment after cleaning. Furthermore, the material selected for the connecting rope 5 can gradually degrade into harmless substances in the natural aquatic environment, avoiding secondary pollution to the river ecosystem.
[0071] The nutrient solution, by mass concentration, comprises 1-2% potassium nitrate, 1-2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3-0.5% magnesium sulfate, 0.2-0.3% EDTA-iron, 0.05-0.1% boric acid, with the remainder being water.
[0072] The nutrient solution, by mass concentration, comprises 1-2% potassium nitrate, 1-2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3-0.5% magnesium sulfate, 0.2-0.3% EDTA-iron, 0.05-0.1% boric acid, with the remainder being water.
[0073] Each component is formulated in a specific mass concentration ratio to meet the plant's growth needs while avoiding the ecological risks caused by excessive amounts of a single component.
Claims
1. A method for collecting riverbed silt to restore riverbed ecology, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Divide the riverbed into sampling areas in a grid pattern and collect silt from each area to obtain multiple silt samples. Then, test the content of harmful components in each silt sample and identify the areas of the riverbed to be restored based on the test results. S2. Clean the silt from the area to be repaired; S3. Lay the planting device in the cleaned area to be restored, dig a pit along the planting port of the planting device to form a planting pit, and transplant the aquatic plants used for ecological restoration along with their native soil into the planting pit along the planting channel of the planting device.
2. The method for collecting riverbed silt and restoring riverbed ecology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific criteria for confirming the area to be repaired in step S1 are as follows: S101. When any index in the sludge sample meets the following conditions, the sampling area is determined to be an area to be remediated. The conditions include: cadmium ≥ 0.6 mg / kg, lead ≥ 100 mg / kg, chromium ≥ 150 mg / kg, mercury ≥ 0.5 mg / kg, arsenic ≥ 30 mg / kg, organic matter content ≥ 80 g / kg, and total phosphorus content ≥ 2.0 g / kg. S102. If the sampling areas at both ends of three consecutive sampling areas in the horizontal or vertical direction are areas to be repaired, then the middle sampling area is also determined to be an area to be repaired.
3. The method for collecting riverbed silt and restoring riverbed ecology according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the silt in the area to be repaired described in step S2 is cleared down to the exposed soil layer of the riverbed, continue clearing downwards for 5-10cm.
4. The method for collecting riverbed silt and restoring riverbed ecology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The planting device described in step S3 includes a settling grid (1) located at the lower layer and a floating grid (2) located above it. The settling grid (1) and the floating grid (2) are respectively provided with multiple sets of corresponding settling mesh (3) and floating mesh (4). The corresponding nodes between the settling grid (1) and the floating grid (2) are connected by connecting ropes (5). The area between the settling mesh (3) and the floating mesh (4) is the planting channel.
5. The method for collecting riverbed silt and restoring riverbed ecology according to claim 4, characterized in that, Multiple sets of counterweights (6) are evenly distributed on the settling grid (1), and the settling grid (1) settles to the bottom of the riverbed with the help of the counterweights (6).
6. The method for collecting riverbed silt and restoring riverbed ecology according to claim 4, characterized in that, The ribs of the floating grid (2) are hollow plastic tubes. The hollow cavities of multiple sets of ribs of the floating grid (2) are interconnected and together form a water storage chamber. The floating grid (2) is provided with a water inlet (7), an air inlet (8) and a drain outlet (9). A drain one-way valve is provided at the drain outlet (9). The air pump circulates air into the water storage chamber through the air inlet (8) and drives the water in the water storage chamber to be discharged through the drain outlet (9). The two ends of the connecting rope (5) are tied and fixed to the nodes of the settling grid (1) and the floating grid (2) respectively. The middle section of the connecting rope (5) is bent into multiple strands in an S-shape and tied with an elastic ring (10). The middle section of the connecting rope (5) is detached from the elastic ring (10) by the buoyancy of the floating grid and returns to its original length.
7. The method for collecting riverbed silt and restoring riverbed ecology according to claim 6, characterized in that, The height adjustment of the floating grid (2) specifically includes the following steps: Q1. Before laying the planting device, first inject water into the water storage chamber along the water inlet (7) of the floating grid (2), and then stack the middle section of the connecting rope (5) in an S-shape and tie it with an elastic ring (10). Q2. The floating grid (2) filled with water is laid in the water together with the settling grid (1). The floating grid (2) is suspended in the water under the action of buoyancy and the pulling of the connecting rope (5). Q3. After the top height of the aquatic plants is 0.5-1m higher than the floating grid (2), open the drain check valve of the floating grid (2). The output end of the air pump is connected to the air inlet through the hose and air is introduced into the water storage chamber. The water pre-injected in the water storage chamber is discharged through the drain outlet (9) by air pressure. The weight of the floating grid (2) decreases, the top of the connecting rope (5) is pulled upward, the middle section of the connecting rope (5) breaks free from the elastic ring (10) and restores its length. The floating height of the floating grid (2) increases and it floats on the water surface.
8. The method for collecting riverbed silt and restoring riverbed ecology according to claim 7, characterized in that, During the binding process, the distance between the two ends of the connecting rope (5) is 50-80cm. After the middle section of the connecting rope (5) breaks free from the elastic ring (10), the distance between the two ends of the connecting rope (5) is 3-5m.
9. A method for collecting riverbed silt and restoring riverbed ecology according to claim 6, characterized in that, Multiple sets of drain outlets (9) are provided at the nodes of the floating grid (2). The connecting rope (5) includes any one of cotton rope, flax rope or coconut fiber rope. Nutrient solution is injected into the water storage chamber. The nutrient solution seeps into the connecting rope (5) along the drain outlet (9) and is absorbed by the aquatic plants in the planting channel.
10. A method for collecting riverbed silt and restoring riverbed ecology according to claim 9, characterized in that, The nutrient solution, by mass concentration, comprises 1-2% potassium nitrate, 1-2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3-0.5% magnesium sulfate, 0.2-0.3% EDTA-iron, 0.05-0.1% boric acid, with the remainder being water.