A method for operating a new air heat recovery integrated system for roof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of new wind heat recovery integration system operation methods of roof, belong to photovoltaic panel cooling technical field, system includes photovoltaic array system, new wind heat recovery unit and roof air supply and return system;Photovoltaic array system includes photovoltaic panel, photovoltaic panel support device, the ventilation layer between photovoltaic panel below and roof and install temperature monitoring instrument and hygroscopic material in ventilation layer;New wind heat recovery unit includes new wind heat recovery machine and is connected on new wind heat recovery machine new wind pipe, exhaust pipe, indoor return air pipe and air supply pipe;Roof air supply and return system includes roof air supply pipeline and roof return air pipeline;Roof air supply pipeline is connected with exhaust pipe, and the place of connection is equipped with air supply valve;Air supply pipeline outlet is connected with ventilation layer, and is equipped with air supply pipe outlet baffle;Return air pipeline inlet is connected with ventilation layer, and is equipped with return air pipe inlet baffle, and roof return air pipeline is connected with new wind pipe, and the place of connection is equipped with return air valve.The application can cool photovoltaic panel and effectively utilize energy in different seasons.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic panel cooling, in particular to a roof fresh air heat recovery integrated system operation method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Due to the limited band gap of silicon-based semiconductor materials, a small part of the absorption of short-wave radiation of the sun by the photovoltaic panel is used for power generation, and a large amount of short-wave radiation is dissipated in the form of heat, causing the upper and lower surfaces and the ventilation layer of the solar photovoltaic array to increase in temperature. High temperature is not conducive to the power generation of the photovoltaic panel and may even damage the structure of the photovoltaic panel. Such temperature effects have a great impact on the photovoltaic panel. In summer, the air handling unit will handle the high-temperature and high-humidity air outside the room to a low-temperature and low-humidity state and deliver it to the room, so as to achieve the purpose of keeping the human body in a comfortable environment. However, directly discharging such air to the outside will cause waste of energy and cannot use the energy most efficiently. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a refrigeration technology that can efficiently use energy and reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic panel.

[0003] In order to reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic panel, an evaporative cooling technology is usually used to achieve this purpose. In the existing patent for invention with publication number CN119891943A, a photovoltaic waste heat utilization power generation device based on evaporative cooling is disclosed. The device contains a conductive strip, an evaporative cooling layer, a storage battery and a water supply storage and circulation system, which realizes the cooperative operation of direct power generation, waste heat power generation and efficient cooling of the photovoltaic panel. In the patent for invention with publication number CN112910409B, a zero-energy real-time photovoltaic panel passive cooling device is disclosed. When the system is running, the heat generated by the operation of the photovoltaic panel is transferred to the back of the hygroscopic medium, which promotes the evaporation of water in it into water vapor. The water vapor diffuses downward to the condensation circulation device, which condenses into water droplets under the action of the super-hydrophobic micro-channel and the Janus micro-membrane on the side wall. The water droplets slide down to the water collecting device. The room temperature cooling water in the water collecting device acts as a cold source to promote the condensation of water vapor, and at the same time collects the waste heat of the system to promote evaporation, providing a high-humidity environment for the hygroscopic medium. The lower water evaporates under the action of the waste heat of the photovoltaic panel and the heat released by the condensation of steam, forming water vapor that maintains a high humidity in the system, promoting the continuous moisture absorption of the hygroscopic medium. When the photovoltaic panel is dormant at night, the hygroscopic medium continues to absorb moisture in the high-humidity environment, and enters the cooling cycle again when the sun shines the next day, thereby realizing the passive cooling of the photovoltaic panel.

[0004] In the above-mentioned evaporative cooling system, water resources are excessively relied on. In extremely dry areas, when the initial environmental humidity is very low, the process of forming a high-humidity environment by evaporating the cooling water in the water collecting device may be slow, which affects the cooling effect due to the lack of timely water supply, and further reduces the thermoelectric conversion efficiency and the performance of the photovoltaic panel. SUMMARY

[0005] The application aims to provide a roof fresh air heat recovery integrated system operation method, which combines a photovoltaic array with an indoor energy recovery system, cools the photovoltaic panel through forced convection heat exchange in summer, introduces cool air into the indoor energy recovery system at night, and introduces warm air into the indoor energy recovery system in winter to improve energy utilization efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the application is implemented by using the following technical scheme:

[0007] The application provides a roof fresh air heat recovery integrated system operation method, which comprises a photovoltaic array system, a fresh air heat recovery unit and a roof air supply and return system.

[0008] The photovoltaic array system comprises a photovoltaic panel, a photovoltaic panel support device arranged above the roof, a ventilation layer formed between the photovoltaic panel and the roof, and temperature monitoring instruments and moisture absorbing materials installed between the ventilation layers.

[0009] The fresh air heat recovery unit comprises a fresh air heat recovery machine and a fresh air pipe, an exhaust air pipe, an indoor return air pipe and a supply air pipe connected to the fresh air heat recovery machine; the fresh air pipe is connected to an air inlet fan, and the indoor return air pipe is connected to an air outlet fan; the air inlet fan and the air outlet fan are not connected; a fresh air pipe valve and a fresh air pipe inlet baffle are arranged at the fresh air pipe inlet of the fresh air pipe; an exhaust air pipe valve and an exhaust air pipe outlet baffle are arranged at the exhaust air pipe outlet of the exhaust air pipe; the indoor return air pipe is connected to an indoor space; a supply air pipe baffle is arranged on the supply air pipe.

[0010] The roof air supply and return system comprises a roof air supply pipe and a roof air return pipe; the roof air supply pipe is connected to the exhaust air pipe, and a supply air valve is arranged at the connection position; the outlet of the roof air supply pipe is connected to the ventilation layer, and a supply air pipe outlet baffle is arranged at the outlet; the inlet of the roof air return pipe is connected to the ventilation layer, and a return air pipe inlet baffle is arranged at the inlet; the roof air return pipe is connected to the fresh air pipe, and a return air valve is arranged at the connection position.

[0011] Optionally, the roof fresh air heat recovery integrated system operation method further comprises a power storage system and an air handling unit.

[0012] The power storage system comprises a solar controller, a storage battery, an inverter and a user terminal connected in sequence; the power storage system is used for storing the electric energy converted from the solar radiation of the photovoltaic panel in the storage battery and supplying power to household electricity.

[0013] The air handling unit comprises an air handling machine, an air handling machine fresh air pipe and an air handling machine fresh air pipe inlet baffle connected to one end of the air handling machine, and an indoor air supply pipe connected to the other end of the air handling machine; the air handling unit is used for adjusting the temperature, humidity, cleanliness and air flow distribution of indoor air.

[0014] Optionally, the angle between the photovoltaic panel and the ground is greater than 0° and less than 60°, so as to prevent the photovoltaic panel from absorbing more solar radiation due to the excessively high angle.

[0015] Optionally, the new air duct inlet baffle and the exhaust air duct outlet baffle adopt rainproof shutters and water baffle plates, so as to block rain and sundries from entering the air duct or the room while ensuring the free circulation of air.

[0016] Optionally, the air duct is made of galvanized steel plate and is provided with a corrosion-resistant coating or a thermal insulation layer, so as to ensure the stable operation of the air duct system and prolong the service life.

[0017] Optionally, when the air duct is connected with the fresh air heat recovery machine and the air treatment machine, flange connection is adopted, so as to have high connection strength, good stability, high pressure resistance and vibration resistance, and excellent sealing performance.

[0018] Optionally, the moisture-absorbing material is sodium alginate composite LiCl gel.

[0019] In a high-temperature environment during the day, the air humidity is lower than the equilibrium humidity of the LiCl solution in the sodium alginate composite LiCl gel, and water molecules evaporate from the surface of the sodium alginate composite LiCl gel to the air by overcoming the ion binding.

[0020] In a low-temperature environment at night, the air humidity is higher than the equilibrium humidity of the LiCl solution in the sodium alginate composite LiCl gel, and water molecules in the air diffuse into the sodium alginate composite LiCl gel through the porous structure of the sodium alginate composite LiCl gel.

[0021] Optionally, the photovoltaic panel is a single-crystal photovoltaic panel.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. Significantly improve the photovoltaic power generation efficiency and service life:

[0024] By introducing the return air of the building air conditioning system or the cold air at night into the ventilation layer below the photovoltaic panel, the back of the photovoltaic panel is actively and efficiently forced to flow and cool, directly and effectively reducing the working temperature of the photovoltaic panel. This not only significantly improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic panel in a high-temperature environment, but also reduces the structural aging and performance degradation caused by long-term overheating, thereby prolonging the service life.

[0025] 2. Realize efficient recovery and utilization of building air conditioning system energy:

[0026] The system innovatively uses the ventilation layer as a free natural cold source and heat source. In summer night, the low-temperature air obtained by the sky radiation cooling effect and the passive dehumidification of the moisture-absorbing material provide the air conditioning system with pre-cooling and dehumidified fresh air, greatly reducing the refrigeration and dehumidification energy consumption. In winter daytime, the ventilation layer warm air heated by solar radiation is used as preheated fresh air, effectively reducing the heating energy consumption. The low-grade energy in the environment is recycled and utilized.

[0027] 3. The passive humidity regulation is innovatively introduced to enhance the environmental adaptability:

[0028] The moisture-absorbing material is arranged in the ventilation layer, and the passive and energy-free regulation of air humidity is realized by using the property of the material, i.e., releasing moisture in daytime and absorbing moisture at night. In particular, in summer night, while the material absorbs moisture in the air, the temperature of the material slightly rises, which further promotes the heat exchange with the cold air at night, strengthens the double effects of cooling and dehumidification, and improves the applicability and energy efficiency of the system in humid areas.

[0029] 4. The integration and intelligent control are realized to achieve automatic optimization operation of the system throughout the year:

[0030] The photovoltaic system and the air conditioning ventilation system are closely combined through the integrated design of the air duct and the valve, the structure is compact, and the space is saved. Based on the real-time monitoring of the ventilation layer temperature, the system can intelligently judge and automatically switch four working modes (summer daytime / night, winter daytime / night), without manual intervention, so that the most energy-saving and effective operation strategy can be automatically selected under any climate conditions, and the optimization of energy utilization is realized throughout the year and under all working conditions.

[0031] 5. Promote energy synergy and improve the comprehensive energy efficiency of buildings:

[0032] The energy synergy closed loop between the photovoltaic power generation system and the building energy system is constructed. The photovoltaic power generation supplies the building with electricity, and the waste heat or special heat environment formed is converted into a resource serving building energy saving; and the air flow of the building system in turn guarantees the efficient operation of the photovoltaic panel. The synergy fundamentally improves the comprehensive energy efficiency of the building as a whole, realizes the complementation and recycling of solar photovoltaic and thermal energy at the building level, and meets the requirements of green building and sustainable development. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 is a structure schematic view of a roof fresh air heat recovery integrated system of the present application;

[0034] Figure 2 is a working schematic view of the roof fresh air heat recovery integrated system of the present application in summer daytime;

[0035] Figure 3is a working schematic diagram of the roof fresh air heat recovery integrated system of the present application in summer night and winter daytime;

[0036] Figure 4 is a working schematic diagram of the roof fresh air heat recovery integrated system of the present application in winter night.

[0037] Marked in the figure: 1 - fresh air heat recovery machine, 2 - fresh air pipe, 3 - fresh air pipe inlet, 4 - fresh air pipe inlet baffle, 5 - exhaust pipe, 6 - exhaust air pipe outlet, 7 - exhaust air pipe outlet baffle, 8 - indoor return air pipe, 9 - air supply pipe, 10 - air supply pipe baffle, 11 - air handling unit, 12 - air handling unit fresh air duct, 13 - air handling unit fresh air pipe inlet baffle, 14 - indoor air supply pipe, 15 - photovoltaic panel, 16 - photovoltaic panel support device, 17 - ventilation layer, 18 - temperature monitoring instrument, 19 - moisture absorbing material, 20 - roof air supply duct, 21 - air supply duct outlet, 22 - air supply duct outlet baffle, 23 - roof return air duct, 24 - return air duct inlet, 25 - return air duct inlet baffle, 26 - air supply valve, 27 - return air valve, 28 - exhaust air pipe valve, 29 - fresh air pipe valve, 30 - solar controller, 31 - battery, 32 - inverter, 33 - user end, 34 - air inlet fan, 35 - exhaust fan. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. The description of the at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative, but not as any limitation on the present application and its application or use.

[0039] In an optional embodiment of the present application:

[0040] The present embodiment introduces a running method of a roof fresh air heat recovery integrated system, as shown in Figure 1 The roof fresh air heat recovery integrated system includes a photovoltaic array system, a fresh air heat recovery unit and a roof air supply and return system.

[0041] The photovoltaic array system includes a photovoltaic panel 15, a photovoltaic panel support device 16 arranged above the roof, a ventilation layer 17 formed between the photovoltaic panel and the roof, and a temperature monitoring instrument 18 and a moisture absorbing material 19 installed between the ventilation layers.

[0042] The fresh air heat recovery unit comprises a fresh air heat recovery machine 1, a fresh air pipe 2, an exhaust air pipe 5, an indoor return air pipe 8 and a supply air pipe 9 connected to the fresh air heat recovery machine 1; the fresh air pipe 2 is connected to an air inlet fan 34, and the indoor return air pipe 8 is connected to an air outlet fan 35; the air inlet fan 34 and the air outlet fan 35 are not connected; the fresh air pipe 2 is provided with a fresh air pipe valve 29 and a fresh air pipe inlet baffle 4 at a fresh air pipe inlet 3; the exhaust air pipe 5 is provided with an exhaust air pipe valve 28 and an exhaust air pipe outlet baffle 7 at an exhaust air pipe outlet 6; the indoor return air pipe 8 is connected to an indoor space; and the supply air pipe 9 is provided with a supply air pipe baffle 10.

[0043] The roof air supply and return system comprises a roof air supply pipe 20 and a roof air return pipe 23; the roof air supply pipe 20 is connected to the exhaust air pipe 5, and a supply air valve 26 is arranged at the connection; the roof air supply pipe 20 is connected to a ventilation layer 17 at a supply air pipe outlet 21, and a supply air pipe outlet baffle 22 is arranged at the supply air pipe outlet 21; the roof air return pipe 23 is connected to the ventilation layer 17 at a return air pipe inlet 24, and a return air pipe inlet baffle 25 is arranged at the return air pipe inlet 24; and the roof air return pipe 23 is connected to the fresh air pipe 2, and a return air valve 27 is arranged at the connection.

[0044] The roof air supply and return system comprises a roof air supply pipe 20 and a roof air return pipe 23; the roof air supply pipe 20 is connected to the exhaust air pipe 5, and a supply air valve 26 is arranged at the connection; the roof air supply pipe 20 is connected to a ventilation layer 17 at a supply air pipe outlet 21, and a supply air pipe outlet baffle 22 is arranged at the supply air pipe outlet 21; the roof air return pipe 23 is connected to the ventilation layer 17 at a return air pipe inlet 24, and a return air pipe inlet baffle 25 is arranged at the return air pipe inlet 24; and the roof air return pipe 23 is connected to the fresh air pipe 2, and a return air valve 27 is arranged at the connection.

[0045] The power supply and storage system comprises a solar controller 30, a storage battery 31, an inverter 32 and a user end 33 connected in sequence; the power supply and storage system is used for storing the electric energy converted from the solar radiation of the photovoltaic panel in the storage battery and supplying power to household electricity.

[0046] The air handling unit comprises an air handling machine 11, an air handling machine fresh air pipe 12 connected to one end of the air handling machine 11 and an air handling machine fresh air pipe inlet baffle 13, and an indoor air supply pipe 14 connected to the other end of the air handling machine 11, and is used for adjusting the temperature, humidity, cleanliness and air flow distribution of indoor air.

[0047] The angle between the photovoltaic panel 15 and the ground is greater than 0° and less than 60°, so that the photovoltaic panel cannot absorb more solar radiation due to the excessively high angle.

[0048] The fresh air pipe inlet baffle 4 and the exhaust air pipe outlet baffle 7 adopt rainproof louvers and water baffles, so that rainwater and sundries can be blocked from entering the air pipe or the indoor space under the premise of free air circulation.

[0049] The air pipe is made of galvanized steel plate, and a corrosion-resistant coating or a thermal insulation layer is provided to protect the air pipe system from stable operation and prolong the service life.

[0050] The air pipe is connected with the fresh air heat recovery machine and the air treatment machine through flanges, high connection strength, good stability, high pressure resistance and vibration resistance, and excellent sealing performance.

[0051] The hygroscopic material 19 is sodium alginate composite LiCl gel;

[0052] In the daytime high-temperature environment, the air humidity is lower than the equilibrium humidity of the LiCl solution in the sodium alginate composite LiCl gel, and the water molecules evaporate from the surface of the sodium alginate composite LiCl gel to the air by overcoming the ion binding;

[0053] In the night low-temperature environment, the air humidity is higher than the equilibrium humidity of the LiCl solution in the sodium alginate composite LiCl gel, and the water molecules in the air diffuse into the sodium alginate composite LiCl gel through the porous structure of the sodium alginate composite LiCl gel.

[0054] The photovoltaic panel adopts a single-crystal photovoltaic panel.

[0055] Implementation principle:

[0056] The implementation principle of the present application is based on the integrated integration and energy cooperation of the building photovoltaic system and the ventilation and air conditioning system. The system realizes efficient cooling of the roof photovoltaic panel and step utilization of the building fresh air energy through structural coupling and intelligent control, and the core lies in the dynamic regulation and control of the air flow path and the adaptation to multiple working conditions.

[0057] 1. System integration and energy coupling:

[0058] The system integrates the roof photovoltaic array, the building fresh air heat recovery unit and the special air duct into one. The ventilation layer formed below the photovoltaic panel serves as the key heat exchange and air pretreatment area, and is connected with the indoor fresh air heat recovery unit and the air treatment unit through the roof air supply duct and the return air duct. Therefore, the system constructs two interactive energy flows of electric energy and air heat energy: the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic panel is stored and inverted to supply the building load; the air in the ventilation layer is intelligently selected as a cooling medium, a free cold source or a preheating source according to its temperature and humidity characteristics, so that the heat dissipation demand of the photovoltaic panel and the energy consumption demand of the building fresh air treatment are organically unified.

[0059] 2. Core component cooperation principle:

[0060] Photovoltaic array and ventilation layer: the ventilation layer provides a forced convection heat exchange channel for the back of the photovoltaic panel, and the flowing air directly carries away the waste heat generated by the photovoltaic panel during operation, realizing active cooling. The hygroscopic material placed in the ventilation layer passively adjusts the humidity of the flowing air by utilizing its daytime high-temperature moisture release and nighttime low-temperature moisture absorption characteristics, especially in summer night, the fresh air can be effectively dehumidified and pretreated.

[0061] Valve network and intelligent control: A flexible air flow network is formed by fresh air duct, exhaust air duct, roof supply / return air duct and multiple control valves. The system uses temperature monitoring devices installed in the ventilation layer as sensing nodes. According to the real-time temperature signals, the system dynamically switches the air source and flow path by logically controlling the opening and closing of the valves, so as to achieve the optimal operation mode in different seasons and time periods.

[0062] Energy recovery and processing: The fresh air heat recovery machine is used as the core energy recovery device to realize heat exchange between fresh air and indoor exhaust air, greatly reducing the initial energy consumption of fresh air processing. The air handling unit adjusts the temperature, humidity and cleanliness of the fresh air after pre-cooling, pre-heating or dehumidification processing to ensure that the supply air quality meets the indoor comfort requirements.

[0063] 3. Multi-mode operation principle:

[0064] The system automatically switches to four typical working modes according to outdoor climate conditions and indoor demand:

[0065] Summer daytime mode: When the ventilation layer temperature is high, the system closes the exhaust air valve and opens the supply air valve. At this time, the indoor low-temperature return air after heat recovery is introduced to the ventilation layer to forcibly convect and cool the photovoltaic panel, and the cooled air is discharged to the outdoor. This mode reduces the working temperature of the photovoltaic panel and improves the power generation efficiency, while recycling the cold energy of the indoor exhaust air.

[0066] Summer night mode: When the ventilation layer temperature is lower than the outdoor due to sky radiation cooling, the system switches the air path and preferentially introduces the low-temperature and low-humidity air in the ventilation layer after cooling and dehumidification by the dehumidification material as fresh air. This makes full use of the natural cold source and passive dehumidification effect at night, significantly reducing the refrigeration and dehumidification load of the air conditioning system.

[0067] Winter daytime mode: When the ventilation layer air temperature rises due to solar radiation, the system will preferentially extract the preheated air as fresh air source. Directly use the waste heat generated by the photovoltaic panel to preheat the fresh air for free, effectively reducing the heating energy consumption in winter.

[0068] Winter night mode: When there is no temperature advantage in the ventilation layer, the system switches to the conventional fresh air heat recovery mode, and the fresh air is taken from the outdoor, and the exhaust air heat is recovered through heat exchange to ensure the basic energy-saving operation of the system in adverse conditions.

[0069] In summary, this invention, through integrated design, creates a virtuous cycle of energy utilization between the photovoltaic system and the building air conditioning system: photovoltaic power generation supplies electricity to the building, and the waste heat or resulting thermal environment generated is converted into resources to improve the quality of fresh air in the building; simultaneously, the return air and natural cold / heat sources of the building air conditioning system are used to ensure the efficient and stable operation of the photovoltaic panels. This system realizes the spatiotemporal transfer and comprehensive utilization of energy, improving the overall energy efficiency and sustainability of the building.

[0070] In one alternative embodiment of the present invention:

[0071] This embodiment describes the working method of an integrated rooftop fresh air and heat recovery system, including:

[0072] I. Summer Daytime Work Schedule

[0073] like Figure 2 As shown, during summer daytime, to ensure comfortable indoor air temperature and humidity, the air handling unit 11 first draws in high-temperature, high-humidity air through the air handling unit's fresh air duct 12, processes it into low-temperature, low-humidity air, and then evenly distributes it into the room through the indoor air supply duct 14. When the rooftop photovoltaic panel 15 converts solar radiation into electrical energy, more solar radiation is converted into heat energy, causing the photovoltaic panel temperature to rise, and the ventilation layer temperature also rises. Driven by a reverse humidity gradient, the moisture-absorbing material 19, sodium alginate composite LiCl gel, in the ventilation layer 17, allows water molecules to gain sufficient kinetic energy to overcome ion binding and evaporate from the gel surface into the dry air, resulting in solution concentration and absorption of latent heat of vaporization. When the temperature monitoring instrument 18 located in the ventilation layer 17 detects that the temperature of the ventilation layer 17 is higher than the indoor temperature by one degree Celsius, the exhaust duct valve 28 closes, the supply air valve 26 on the roof supply air duct 20 opens, the return air valve 27 on the roof return air duct 23 closes, and the fresh air duct valve 29 on the fresh air duct 2 opens. The fresh air heat recovery unit 1 draws fresh air from the outside through the fresh air duct 2 and exchanges heat with the indoor return air in the indoor return air duct 8. The fresh air after heat exchange is sent to the air handling unit 11 through the intake fan 34 and the supply air duct 9 to be processed into low-temperature and low-humidity air and sent to the user's room. The indoor return air after heat exchange is sent to the ventilation layer 17 through the exhaust fan 35, the exhaust duct 5 and the roof supply air duct 20. The photovoltaic panel 15 is cooled by forced convection, forming a cycle to complete the recovery and utilization of indoor air cooling and the cooling of the photovoltaic panel 15. Meanwhile, the electrical energy converted by the photovoltaic panel 15 is stored in the battery 31 through the solar controller 30 and then sent to the user end 33 through the inverter 32, thus completing the use of solar energy.

[0074] II. Working methods during summer nights

[0075] like Figure 3As shown, during summer nights, the temperature of the photovoltaic panel 15 will drop due to radiative cooling from the sky, and the air temperature in the ventilation layer 17 will be lower than the outdoor air temperature. Therefore, the indoor air handling unit 11 is still needed to provide low-temperature, low-humidity air during summer nights. The moisture-absorbing material 19 in the ventilation layer 17, sodium alginate composite LiCl gel, is in a dry state. Water molecules diffuse through the porous structure of the gel into its three-dimensional network, where they are strongly hydrated and captured by LiCl ions, leading to solution dilution and the release of heat of hydration.

[0076] When the temperature monitoring instrument 18 located in the ventilation layer 17 detects that the temperature of the ventilation layer 17 is lower than the indoor temperature by one degree Celsius, the exhaust duct valve 28 opens, the supply air valve 26 on the roof supply air duct 20 closes, the return air valve 27 on the roof return air duct 23 opens, and the fresh air duct valve 29 closes. The fresh air heat recovery unit 1 extracts the low-temperature, low-humidity air from the ventilation layer 17 as fresh air and sends it to the indoor air handling unit 11 through the intake fan 34 and the supply air duct 9, which then delivers it to the user's room. At the same time, the indoor return air is extracted by the indoor return air duct 8 into the fresh air heat recovery unit 1 and sent directly to the outside through the exhaust duct 5.

[0077] When the temperature monitoring instrument 18 located in the ventilation layer 17 detects that the temperature of the ventilation layer 17 is higher than the indoor temperature by one degree Celsius, the exhaust duct valve 28 opens, the supply air valve 26 on the roof supply air duct 20 closes, the return air valve 27 on the roof return air duct 23 opens, and the fresh air duct valve 29 closes. The fresh air heat recovery unit 1 extracts low-humidity air from the ventilation layer 17 as fresh air and exchanges heat with the indoor return air in the indoor return air duct 8. The fresh air after heat exchange is then sent to the indoor air handling unit 11 through the intake fan 34 and the supply air duct 9 to be processed into low-temperature, low-humidity air before being sent to the user's room. The return air after heat exchange is directly sent to the outside through the exhaust duct 5. This completes the utilization of the indoor air cooling capacity and the low-temperature, low-humidity air in the ventilation layer 17 below the photovoltaic panel 15.

[0078] III. Winter Daytime Work Methods

[0079] like Figure 3 As shown, during the daytime in winter, the air temperature in the ventilation layer 17 is higher than the outdoor air temperature due to solar radiation.

[0080] When the temperature monitoring instrument 18 located in the ventilation layer 17 detects that the temperature of the ventilation layer 17 is higher than the indoor temperature plus one degree Celsius, the exhaust duct valve 28 opens, the supply air valve 26 on the roof supply air duct 20 closes, the return air valve 27 on the roof return air duct 23 opens, and the fresh air duct valve 29 closes. The fresh air heat recovery unit 1 extracts the high-temperature air in the ventilation layer 17 as fresh air and sends it to the indoor air handling unit 11 through the air intake fan 34 and the air supply duct 9 to process it into air at a suitable temperature and send it to the user's room. At the same time, the indoor return air is extracted through the indoor return air duct 8 to the fresh air heat recovery unit 1 and sent directly to the outside through the exhaust duct 5.

[0081] When the temperature monitoring instrument 18 located in the ventilation layer 17 detects that the temperature of the ventilation layer 17 is one degree Celsius lower than the indoor temperature, the exhaust duct valve 28 opens, the supply air valve 26 on the roof supply air duct 20 closes, the return air valve 27 on the roof return air duct 23 opens, and the fresh air duct valve 29 closes. The fresh air heat recovery unit 1 draws air from the ventilation layer 17 as fresh air to exchange heat with the indoor return air. The fresh air after heat exchange is then sent to the indoor air handling unit 11 through the intake fan 34 and the supply air duct 9 to be processed into air at a suitable temperature before being sent to the user's room. The return air after heat exchange is directly sent to the outside through the exhaust duct 5. This completes the utilization of the heat from the high-temperature air in the ventilation layer 17. At the same time, the electrical energy converted by the photovoltaic panel 15 is stored in the battery 31 through the solar controller 30 and then sent to the user end 33 through the inverter 32, completing the use of solar energy.

[0082] IV. Working Methods at Night in Winter

[0083] like Figure 4 As shown, during winter nights, due to the cooling effect of sky radiation, the temperature of photovoltaic panel 15 will drop, and the air temperature of ventilation layer 17 will be lower than the outdoor air temperature.

[0084] Exhaust duct valve 28 is open, supply air valve 26 on roof supply air duct 20 is closed, return air valve 27 on roof return air duct 23 is closed, and fresh air duct valve 29 is open. Fresh air heat recovery unit 1 draws outdoor air through fresh air duct 2 as fresh air to exchange heat with indoor return air, and sends the heat-exchanged fresh air through supply air duct 9 to indoor air handling unit 11 for processing into suitable air before sending it to the user's room. The heat-exchanged return air is directly sent outdoors through exhaust duct 5.

[0085] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for operating an integrated rooftop fresh air and heat recovery system, characterized in that, This includes photovoltaic array systems, fresh air heat recovery units, and rooftop supply and return air systems; The photovoltaic array system includes a photovoltaic panel (15), a photovoltaic panel support device (16) installed above the roof, a ventilation layer (17) formed between the photovoltaic panel and the roof, and a temperature monitoring instrument (18) and a moisture-absorbing material (19) installed between the ventilation layers. The moisture-absorbing material (19) is sodium alginate composite LiCl gel, which is used to release moisture in the daytime high temperature and low humidity environment and absorb moisture in the nighttime low temperature and high humidity environment. The fresh air heat recovery unit includes a fresh air heat recovery unit (1) and a fresh air duct (2), an exhaust duct (5), an indoor return air duct (8), and a supply air duct (9) connected to the fresh air heat recovery unit (1); the fresh air duct (2) is connected to the intake fan (34), and the indoor return air duct (8) is connected to the exhaust fan (35); the areas where the intake fan (34) and the exhaust fan (35) are located are not connected; the fresh air duct inlet (3) of the fresh air duct (2) is provided with a fresh air duct valve (29) and a fresh air duct inlet baffle (4); the exhaust duct outlet (6) of the exhaust duct (5) is provided with an exhaust duct valve (28) and an exhaust duct outlet baffle (7); the indoor return air duct (8) is connected to the indoor environment; the supply air duct (9) is provided with a supply air duct baffle (10). The roof supply and return air system includes a roof supply air duct (20) and a roof return air duct (23); the roof supply air duct (20) is connected to the exhaust duct (5), and a supply air valve (26) is provided at the connection; the supply air duct outlet (21) of the roof supply air duct (20) is connected to the ventilation layer (17), and a supply air duct outlet baffle (22) is provided; the return air duct inlet (24) of the roof return air duct (23) is connected to the ventilation layer (17), and a return air duct inlet baffle (25) is provided; the roof return air duct (23) is connected to the fresh air duct (2), and a return air valve (27) is provided at the connection. The rooftop fresh air heat recovery integrated system also includes a power supply and energy storage system and an air handling unit; The power supply and energy storage system includes a solar controller (30), a battery (31), an inverter (32), and a user terminal (33) connected in sequence; it is used to store the electrical energy converted from solar radiation absorbed by the photovoltaic panel in the battery and supply power to the household. The air handling unit includes an air handling unit (11), an air handling unit fresh air duct (12) connected to one end of the air handling unit (11) and an air handling unit fresh air duct inlet baffle (13), and an indoor air supply duct (14) connected to the other end of the air handling unit (11), for regulating the temperature, humidity, cleanliness and airflow distribution of indoor air; The operation method of the rooftop fresh air heat recovery integrated system includes: Summer daytime operation mode: The moisture-absorbing material (19) in the ventilation layer (17) overcomes ion binding and evaporates from the gel surface into the dry air, the solution is concentrated and absorbs the latent heat of vaporization; when the temperature monitoring instrument (18) located in the ventilation layer (17) detects that the temperature of the ventilation layer (17) is higher than the indoor temperature by one degree Celsius, the exhaust duct valve (28) is closed, the supply air valve (26) is opened, the return air valve (27) is closed, the fresh air duct valve (29) is opened, and the fresh air heat recovery machine (1) draws fresh air from the outside through the fresh air duct (2) and the indoor return air in the indoor return air duct (8). Heat exchange is performed, and the fresh air after heat exchange is sent to the air handling unit (11) through the air intake fan (34) and the air supply pipe (9) to be processed into low temperature and low humidity air and sent to the user's room. The indoor return air after heat exchange is sent to the ventilation layer (17) through the exhaust fan (35), the exhaust pipe (5) and the roof air supply pipe (20) to cool the photovoltaic panel (15) by forced convection. The electrical energy converted by the photovoltaic panel (15) is stored in the battery (31) through the solar controller (30) and then sent to the user end (33) through the inverter (32). Summer nighttime operation mode: Water molecules diffuse into the three-dimensional network of the moisture-absorbing material (19) through the porous structure, the solution is diluted and releases hydration heat; when the temperature monitoring instrument (18) detects that the temperature of the ventilation layer (17) is lower than the indoor temperature minus one degree Celsius, the exhaust duct valve (28) is opened, the supply air valve (26) is closed, the return air valve (27) is opened, and the fresh air duct valve (29) is closed. The fresh air heat recovery machine (1) extracts the low temperature and low humidity air in the ventilation layer (17) as fresh air and sends it to the indoor air handling unit (11) through the air intake fan (34) and the air supply duct (9) to deliver it to the user's room. At the same time, the indoor return air is extracted by the indoor return air duct (8) into the fresh air heat recovery machine (1) and then sent to the user's room. The exhaust air is sent directly to the outside through the exhaust duct (5); when the temperature monitoring instrument (18) detects that the temperature of the ventilation layer (17) is higher than the indoor temperature plus one degree Celsius, the exhaust duct valve (28) is opened, the supply air valve (26) is closed, the return air valve (27) is opened, and the fresh air duct valve (29) is closed. The fresh air heat recovery machine (1) extracts the low-humidity air in the ventilation layer (17) as fresh air and exchanges heat with the indoor return air in the indoor return air duct (8). The fresh air after heat exchange is sent to the indoor air handling unit (11) through the air intake fan (34) and the air supply duct (9) to be processed into low-temperature and low-humidity air and sent to the user's room. The return air after heat exchange is sent directly to the outside through the exhaust duct (5). Winter daytime operation mode: When the temperature monitoring instrument (18) detects that the temperature of the ventilation layer (17) is higher than the indoor temperature by one degree Celsius, the exhaust duct valve (28) is opened, the supply air valve (26) is closed, the return air valve (27) is opened, and the fresh air duct valve (29) is closed. The fresh air heat recovery machine (1) extracts the high-temperature air from the ventilation layer (17) as fresh air and sends it to the indoor air handling unit (11) through the intake fan (34) and the supply air duct (9) for processing before sending it to the user's room. At the same time, the indoor return air is extracted through the indoor return air duct (8) to the fresh air heat recovery machine (1) and sent directly to the outside through the exhaust duct (5); when the temperature monitoring instrument (18) detects that the temperature of the ventilation layer (17) is lower than the indoor temperature, the exhaust duct valve (28) is opened, the supply air valve (26) is closed, the return air valve (27) is opened, and the fresh air duct valve (29) is closed. The fresh air heat recovery machine (1) extracts the high-temperature air from the ventilation layer (17) as fresh air and sends it to the outside through the exhaust duct (5). When the indoor temperature drops by one degree Celsius, the exhaust duct valve (28) opens, the supply air valve (26) closes, the return air valve (27) opens, and the fresh air duct valve (29) closes. The fresh air heat recovery machine (1) extracts air from the ventilation layer (17) as fresh air and exchanges heat with the indoor return air. The fresh air after heat exchange is sent to the indoor air handling unit (11) through the intake fan (34) and the supply air pipe (9) for processing and then sent to the user's room. The return air after heat exchange is sent directly to the outside through the exhaust pipe (5). The electrical energy converted by the photovoltaic panel (15) is stored in the battery (31) through the solar controller (30) and then sent to the user end (33) through the inverter (32). Winter nighttime operation mode: exhaust duct valve (28) is open, supply air valve (26) is closed, return air valve (27) is closed, fresh air duct valve (29) is open, fresh air heat recovery machine (1) draws outdoor air through fresh air duct (2) as fresh air to exchange heat with indoor return air, and sends the fresh air after heat exchange through supply air duct (9) to indoor air handling unit (11) for processing and then to the user's room. The return air after heat exchange is sent directly to the outside through exhaust duct (5).

2. The operation method of the rooftop fresh air heat recovery integrated system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between the photovoltaic panel and the ground is greater than 0° and less than 60°.

3. The operation method of the rooftop fresh air and heat recovery integrated system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fresh air duct inlet baffle (4) and the exhaust air duct outlet baffle (7) are equipped with rainproof louvers and water baffles to prevent rainwater and debris from entering the duct or the room.

4. The operation method of the rooftop fresh air heat recovery integrated system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air duct is made of galvanized steel sheet and is protected with anti-corrosion coating or insulation layer to extend its service life.

5. The operation method of the rooftop fresh air heat recovery integrated system according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the air duct is connected to the fresh air heat recovery unit and the air handling unit, a flange connection is used.

6. The operation method of the rooftop fresh air heat recovery integrated system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic panel is a monocrystalline photovoltaic panel.

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