Variable-diameter machining tool suitable for circular workpieces with different diameters

Abstract

The variable-diameter machining tool suitable for the circular workpieces with the different diameters comprises a lifting mechanism, a variable-diameter mechanism and a cover plate mechanism, the lifting mechanism comprises a lifting moving frame, a lifting linear guide rail, a ball screw lifter and the like, and the ball screw lifter drives the lifting moving frame to move up and down; the variable-diameter mechanism comprises a variable-diameter tool, a variable-diameter straight guide rail, a variable-diameter guide disc, a bearing and the like, and the variable-diameter guide disc rotates to drive the variable-diameter tool to move on the variable-diameter straight guide rail at equal distance through the bearing in a guide groove; the cover plate mechanism comprises a cover plate frame, a cover plate workbench, a pedal linear module, a pedal tool and the like. The linear module drives the pedal tool to move in the radial direction of the circle center of a center hole of the cover plate frame. According to the device, automatic height changing positions and automatic diameter changing positions of the diameter changing tool can be achieved, clamping and supporting of round products are achieved, automatic compatibility of various round product models of different sizes is achieved, and the punching operation efficiency of the large round products is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mechanical processing, in particular to a variable-diameter machining tooling suitable for different-diameter circular workpieces. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of mechanical processing, circular workpieces (such as shafts, cylinders, etc.) are widely used. In these processes, it is often necessary to reliably position, clamp, and support circular workpieces of different diameters and heights in order to perform end-face punching operations on the circular workpieces. The current common method is to design and manufacture a dedicated tooling for a specific diameter and height of circular workpiece. Although this method has simple structure, good rigidity, and high positioning accuracy, it has poor versatility. Each type of circular workpiece requires a corresponding tooling, and different circular workpieces require different toolings for punching operations, resulting in high production costs, long manufacturing cycles, and complex management and maintenance. Therefore, the applicability of this method is very low.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need in the art for a new tooling that can have high versatility (quickly adapt to a wide range of diameters), high precision (ensure accurate positioning of the workpiece), high rigidity (ensure stable and reliable processing), and easy operation.

[0004] Patent CN202010998845.X discloses a screw installation automatic variable-diameter device, mainly including a driving mechanism, a variable-diameter guide disc, a rotary support bearing, a fixed workbench, and a variable-diameter tooling. The variable-diameter guide disc is rotated by the driving mechanism, and the guide grooves on the disc cooperate with the rollers at the bottom of the variable-diameter tooling to push multiple toolings to move synchronously and equidistantly along the radial guide rails, thereby achieving automatic adjustment of the clamping diameter. The device can automatically adapt to workpieces of different diameters, meet the needs of automated production, and can simultaneously tighten multiple screws, significantly improving assembly efficiency. This prior art has two defects: (1) the variable-diameter range is small, which is not conducive to the application of large circular products with large diameters and wide variable-diameter ranges; (2) it only has a variable-diameter effect and does not have a lifting effect, which is not conducive to the application of large circular products with varying heights. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application relates to the technical field of mechanical processing, in particular to a variable-diameter machining tooling suitable for different-diameter circular workpieces.

[0006] The technical solution for achieving the purpose of the present application is as follows: A variable-diameter machining tooling suitable for different-diameter circular workpieces, comprising: A lifting mechanism with a lifting and fixing frame is provided to drive the diameter changing mechanism to adjust the height of the product protruding from the cover plate mechanism. The variable diameter mechanism for supporting the bottom of a product to be processed includes a variable diameter worktable fixed on a lifting mechanism, a variable diameter guide plate that can rotate relative to the variable diameter worktable, a drive device connected to the variable diameter guide plate to drive its rotation, multiple linear sliding pairs disposed on the variable diameter worktable, and variable diameter tooling connected to the sliding pairs. The variable diameter guide plate has multiple guide slots that are distributed in a spiral pattern, and the length direction of the guide slots is parallel to the tangent direction of the inner circular hole on the variable diameter guide plate. The variable diameter tooling is located in the guide slots and rolls in contact with them. By driving the variable diameter guide plate to rotate, the variable diameter tooling moves radially parallel to the variable diameter guide plate, so that multiple variable diameter toolings can be used to support the bottom of products with different diameters. The cover plate mechanism fixed to the top of the lifting frame includes a worktable, a high-pedal linear module and a low-pedal linear module mounted on the worktable; the worktable has a central hole at its center, which serves as the insertion hole for placing the product to be processed, and the central hole is coaxial with the variable-diameter guide plate; multiple high-pedal linear modules and multiple low-pedal linear modules are arranged at equal intervals around the center of the central hole, and the low-pedal linear modules are staggered with the high-pedal linear modules, and both the low-pedal linear modules and the high-pedal linear modules slide radially parallel to the central hole; high-pedal fixtures and low-pedal fixtures are respectively fixed on the low-pedal linear modules and the high-pedal linear modules, which are used to push the product to be processed from different heights to center and clamp the product to be processed, and to fill the gap between the product to be processed and the central hole, serving as the stepping position for the worker when processing the product to be processed; the high-pedal fixture is also used to guide the product to be processed when it is lowered.

[0007] The significant advantages of this invention compared to existing technologies are: (1) The present invention can realize the automatic change of height position and the automatic change of diameter position of the variable diameter tooling, and realize the clamping and support of round products, thereby improving the efficiency of drilling of round products; the present invention can realize the automatic compatibility of various round product models of different sizes, overcome the problem of low efficiency and high cost of using corresponding tooling for different models of round products, and reduce production costs.

[0008] (2) The present invention overcomes the safety hazards in the process of manually disassembling and assembling tooling for different models of round products. The present invention is compatible with different models of round products, which can avoid manual disassembly and reassembly of tooling, which not only improves work efficiency but also reduces safety risks. Attached Figure Description

[0009] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall appearance of the present invention (the diameter change to the maximum diameter position).

[0010] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Another state diagram (the diameter change to the minimum diameter position).

[0011] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The front view (the one raised and lowered to the lowest position).

[0012] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Another state diagram (the rise and fall to the highest position).

[0013] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting mechanism of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Top view.

[0015] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the variable diameter mechanism of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A top view (the variable diameter tooling is moved to the maximum diameter position).

[0017] Figure 9 yes Figure 8 Another state diagram (the variable diameter tooling moves to the minimum diameter position).

[0018] Figure 10 yes Figure 7 A partial schematic diagram of the guide groove and bearing described in the figure.

[0019] Figure 11 This is an assembly diagram of the guide spacing disk, guide spacing disk connecting plate, diameter changing worktable and hollow rotating platform of the diameter changing mechanism of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the hollow rotating platform structure of the variable diameter mechanism of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the variable diameter servo motor, reducer, hollow rotating platform, guide spacing disk, and guide spacing disk connecting plate of the variable diameter mechanism of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the diameter-changing tooling structure of the diameter-changing mechanism of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the cover plate mechanism of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the cover plate mechanism of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the cover plate mechanism of the present invention, which conceals the blocking plate and the guardrail structure.

[0026] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the cover plate mechanism of the present invention, omitting the cover plate frame, blocking plate and guardrail structure (the variable diameter is moved to the maximum diameter position).

[0027] Figure 19 yes Figure 18 Another state diagram (the variable diameter moves to the minimum diameter position).

[0028] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the linear module of the high pedal tooling and the structure of the high pedal tooling of the cover plate mechanism of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism of the cover plate mechanism of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the linear module and structure of the low pedal tooling of the cover plate mechanism of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0032] Combination Figures 1-22 The present invention provides a variable diameter machining fixture suitable for circular workpieces of different diameters, comprising a lifting mechanism 1, a diameter changing mechanism 2, and a cover plate mechanism 3. like Figures 1-22As shown, this embodiment is a variable diameter machining fixture suitable for circular workpieces of different diameters, including a lifting mechanism 1, a diameter changing mechanism 2, and a cover plate mechanism 3; the lifting mechanism 1 includes a lifting fixed frame 11, a lifting moving frame 12, a lifting linear guide rail 13, a lifting guide rail slider 14, a bearing seat 15, a ball screw jack 16, a lifting transmission shaft 17, a lifting coupling 18, a lifting reversing reducer 19, and a lifting servo motor 110. The lifting reversing reducer 19 is fixedly installed on the lifting fixed frame 11; the bottom of the ball screw jack 16 is fixedly installed on the lifting fixed frame 11, and the top of the ball screw jack 16 is fitted with the bearing seat 15 installed on the top of the lifting fixed frame 11; the side of the lifting moving frame 12 is provided with two lifting guide rail sliders 14, which are fitted with lifting linear guide rails 13 installed on the lifting fixed frame 11. Multiple lifting linear guide rails 13 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the center of the lifting reversing reducer 19, and the lifting guide rail sliders 14 can slide vertically up and down along the lifting linear guide rails 13; the bottom of the lifting moving frame 12 is fixedly connected to the nut of the ball screw jack 16. The output shaft of the lifting servo motor 110 is connected to the lifting reversing reducer 19. The lifting reversing reducer 19 is connected to a lifting transmission shaft 17 on each side via a lifting coupling 18. The lifting transmission shaft 17 is then connected to the input shaft of the ball screw jacks 16 on both sides via the lifting coupling 18. The lifting servo motor 110 drives the nuts of the ball screw jacks 16 on both sides to move up and down through the lifting reversing reducer 19, the lifting transmission shaft 17, and the lifting coupling 18. The lifting servo motor 110 is used to drive the lifting moving frame 12 to move up and down on the lifting linear guide rail 13, which can realize the simultaneous driving of the lifting moving frames 12 by a single motor.

[0033] The diameter changing mechanism 2 includes a diameter changing worktable 21, a diameter changing tooling 22, a diameter changing linear guide rail 23, a diameter changing guide rail slider 24, a diameter changing guide disk 25, a diameter changing guide disk connecting plate 26, a hollow rotary platform 27, a diameter changing reducer 28, and a diameter changing servo motor 29. The variable diameter worktable 21 is fixedly connected to the lifting and moving frame 12 on both sides and moves up and down with the lifting and moving frame 12; the motor connecting plate 272 of the hollow rotating platform 27 is fixedly connected to the middle of the variable diameter tooling table 21; the hollow rotating platform 27 is provided with a hollow shaft 271 at the upper end, and the hollow shaft 271 is fixedly connected to the variable diameter guide disk 25 through the variable diameter guide disk connecting plate 26. The variable diameter guide disk 25 is located on the upper side of the variable diameter tooling table 21. The variable diameter guide disk 25 is provided with multiple guide slots 251, and the multiple guide slots 251 are distributed in a spiral radiating shape. The variable diameter tooling 22 is installed in the guide slots 251; the variable diameter tooling 22 includes a variable diameter upper connecting plate 226, a variable diameter upper connecting piece 225, a connecting shaft 223, and a variable diameter lower connecting plate 221 arranged sequentially from top to bottom; the variable diameter upper connecting plate 226 is fixed to the connecting shaft 223 through the variable diameter upper connecting piece 225, and the connecting shaft 223 is fixed to the lower connecting plate 221 through the connecting shaft 225. A lower connecting plate 221 with a fixed diameter is provided at the end; a bearing 222 is provided on the connecting shaft 223, and the bearing 222 is set in the guide groove 251; the lower connecting plate 221 with the diameter-changing guide slider 24 is fixed, and the diameter-changing guide slider 24 cooperates with the diameter-changing linear guide 23 installed on the diameter-changing worktable 21. Multiple diameter-changing linear guides 23 are arranged radially with the intersection of the axis of the hollow shaft 271 of the hollow rotating platform 27 and the diameter-changing worktable 21 as the center. The diameter-changing guide slider 24 can slide radially parallel to the diameter-changing guide disk 25; the diameter-changing servo motor 29 is connected to the hollow shaft 271 through the diameter-changing reducer 28, and the diameter-changing reducer 28 is fixed to the motor connecting plate 272; the diameter-changing servo motor 29 is used to drive the diameter-changing guide disk 25 to rotate. After the diameter-changing guide disk 25 rotates, it pushes multiple diameter-changing tooling 22 to move equidistantly on the diameter-changing linear guide 23 through the cooperation of the guide groove 251 and the bearing 222. The variable diameter guide plate 25 is also provided with multiple weight reduction slots 252.

[0034] The cover plate mechanism 3 includes a cover plate frame 31, a cover plate worktable 32, a baffle 33, a guardrail 34, a high-pedal linear module 35, a high-pedal fixture 36, a low-pedal linear module 37, and a low-pedal fixture 38. The bottom of the cover plate frame 31 is fixedly connected to the top of the lifting and fixing frame 11. The variable-diameter worktable 21 is fixedly connected to the lifting and moving frame 12, ensuring that the variable-diameter mechanism 3 and the variable-diameter mechanism 2 are coaxial. The cover plate worktable 32 is fixedly installed on the cover plate frame 31. A baffle 33 is provided around the cover plate frame 31 and the cover plate worktable 32. The top of the baffle 33 is fixedly installed on the cover plate worktable 32, and the baffle 33 is fixedly installed on the side of the cover plate frame 31 to protect the linear module and the servo motor. The guardrail 34 is fixedly installed on the cover plate worktable 32. Multiple high-pedal linear module 35 housings are circumferentially spaced around the center of the central hole 311 of the cover plate frame 31. The layout and driving direction are radially set around this center. The high-pedal linear module 35 slide is fixedly connected to the high-pedal fixture 36. Multiple high-pedal linear module servo motors 351 are used to drive the high-pedal fixtures 36 to move equidistantly on the corresponding high-pedal linear modules 35. Multiple low-pedal linear module 37 housings are arranged circumferentially at equal intervals around the center of the central hole 311 of the cover frame 31, with the driving direction set radially around this center, and are staggered with the high-pedal linear modules 35. The low-pedal linear module 37 slide is fixedly connected to the low-pedal fixture 38. Multiple low-pedal linear module servo motors 371 are used to drive the multiple low-pedal fixtures 38 to move equidistantly on the corresponding high-pedal linear modules 37. The high-pedal fixtures and low-pedal fixtures can push the product to be processed from different height positions to center and clamp the product to be processed, and fill the gap between the product to be processed and the central hole.

[0035] like Figures 1-4 As shown, in this embodiment, the diameter-changing mechanism 2 is fixedly installed on the top of the lifting and moving frame 12 of the lifting mechanism 1. The cover plate frame 31 is connected to the lifting and fixing frame 11 of the lifting mechanism 1, ensuring the coaxial effect of the diameter-changing mechanism 2 on the cover plate mechanism 3 and the lifting mechanism 1. The lifting and moving frame 11 drives the diameter-changing mechanism 2 to move up and down, and the diameter-changing effects of the diameter-changing mechanism 2 and the cover plate mechanism 3 are synchronized.

[0036] like Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, in this embodiment, the lifting fixed frame 11 is a U-shaped steel frame. A lifting reversing reducer 19 and a ball screw jack 16 are fixedly installed at the bottom of the lifting fixed frame 11. Two lifting linear guides 13 and a bearing seat 15 are fixedly installed on each side of the lifting fixed frame 11. The lifting linear guides 13 are connected to the lifting guide slider 14 fixedly installed on the lifting moving frame 12. The top of the ball screw jack 16 is connected to the bearing seat 15. The nut of the ball screw jack 16 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the lifting moving frame 12. The two lifting linear guides 13 on one side of the lifting fixed frame 11 are symmetrically arranged around the center of the ball screw jack 16. The output shaft of the lifting servo motor 110 is connected to the lifting reversing reducer. The input shaft of the lifting servo motor 110 is connected to the lifting transmission shafts 17 on both sides via the lifting coupling 18. The lifting transmission shafts 17 on both sides are connected to the input shafts of the ball screw jacks 16 on both sides via the lifting coupling 18. The rotation of the output shaft of the lifting servo motor 110 drives the input shaft of the ball screw jack 16 to rotate through the lifting servo motor 19, the lifting coupling 18 and the lifting transmission shaft 17, which is converted into the rotation of the ball screw jack 16 screw, which drives the nut of the ball screw jack 16 to rise and fall. Finally, it drives the lifting moving frame 12 to rise and fall vertically along the lifting linear guide rail 13 via the linear guide slider 14. The linear guide rails 13 on both sides of the lifting fixed frame 11 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the lifting servo motor 19.

[0037] like Figure 7 As shown, in this embodiment, the variable diameter worktable 21 is a steel frame, and eight variable diameter linear guides 23 are installed on the variable diameter worktable 21. The eight variable diameter linear guides 23 are evenly arranged along the diameter direction of the variable diameter guide disk 25. The variable diameter linear guides 23 are connected to the variable diameter guide slider installed on the variable diameter tooling 22. The variable diameter tooling 22 can slide along the direction of the variable diameter linear guides 23.

[0038] like Figure 10 As shown, in this embodiment, a bearing 222 is provided at the bottom of the variable diameter tooling 22. The bearing 222 is arranged in the guide groove 251 of the variable diameter guide disk 25. The outer circle of the bearing 222 is tangent to the inner wall of the guide groove 251. The rotation of the variable diameter guide disk 25 can drive the variable diameter tooling 22 to slide along the direction of the variable diameter linear guide rail 23 through the bearing 222.

[0039] like Figure 11 and Figure 12As shown, in this embodiment, the motor connecting plate 272 of the hollow rotary platform 27 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the variable diameter worktable 21, the hollow shaft 271 of the hollow rotary platform 27 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the variable diameter guide plate 26, and the variable diameter guide plate 25 is fixedly connected to the top of the variable diameter guide plate 26. The rotation of the hollow shaft 271 of the hollow rotary platform 27 can drive the variable diameter guide plate 26 and the variable diameter guide plate 25 to rotate. The variable diameter guide plate 25 can rotate relative to the variable diameter worktable 21. The variable diameter guide plate 25 is provided with guide slots 251 and weight reduction slots 252. The length direction of the multiple guide slots 251 is arranged along the tangent direction of the inner circular hole on the variable diameter guide plate 25, and the multiple weight reduction slots 252 are evenly arranged circumferentially along the axis of the variable diameter guide plate 25.

[0040] like Figure 13 As shown, in this embodiment, the output shaft of the variable diameter servo motor 29 is connected to the input shaft of the reducer 28, and the output shaft of the reducer 28 is connected to the input shaft of the hollow rotating platform 27. The rotation of the output shaft of the variable diameter servo motor 29 drives the hollow shaft of the hollow rotating platform 27 to rotate, thereby driving the variable diameter guide plate 26 and the variable diameter guide plate 25 to rotate.

[0041] like Figure 14 As shown, in this embodiment, the bearing 222 is mounted on the step of the connecting shaft 223, the connecting shaft 223 is fixedly mounted on the top of the lower connecting plate 221 of the variable diameter, the connecting shaft sleeve 224 presses the inner ring of the bearing 222, the connecting shaft 223 is also fixed to the bottom of the upper connecting piece 225 of the variable diameter, the upper connecting plate 226 of the variable diameter is fixed to the top of the upper connecting piece 225 of the variable diameter, the upper connecting plate 226 of the variable diameter directly contacts the end face of the circular product, and is made of non-metallic material. The variable diameter tooling 22 plays a supporting role for the circular product.

[0042] like Figures 15-17 As shown, in this embodiment, the cover plate workbench 32 is fixedly installed on the top of the cover plate frame 31, the guardrail 34 is fixedly installed on the top of the cover plate workbench, multiple blocking plates 33 are fixedly installed on the top of the cover plate workbench 32 and the side of the cover plate frame 31 respectively, multiple high pedal linear modules 35 are fixedly installed at the bottom of the cover plate workbench 32 and are lower than the top plate of the cover plate workbench 32, and multiple low pedal linear modules 37 are fixedly installed at the bottom of the cover plate workbench 32 and are lower than the top plate of the cover plate workbench 32.

[0043] like Figure 18 and Figure 19As shown, in this embodiment, multiple high-pedal linear modules 35 and multiple low-pedal linear modules 37 are arranged at equal intervals around the center of the central hole 311 of the cover frame 31. The high-pedal fixture 36 is fixedly installed on the slide of the high-pedal linear module 35 and can move radially along the center of the central hole 311 of the cover frame 31 with the slide of the high-pedal linear module 35. The low-pedal fixture 38 is fixedly installed on the slide of the low-pedal linear module 37 and can move radially along the center of the central hole 311 of the cover frame 31 with the slide of the low-pedal linear module 37. The high-pedal fixture 36 and the low-pedal fixture 38 are arranged at different heights and do not interfere with each other during their joint movement.

[0044] like Figure 20 As shown, in this embodiment, the high-pedal linear module servo motor 351 is fixedly mounted on the side of the high-pedal linear module 35 housing; the high-pedal fixture 36 includes a high-pedal platform 361, guide rollers 362, and a clamping mechanism 363; the high-pedal platform 361 of the high-pedal fixture 36 is fixedly mounted on the slide of the high-pedal linear module 35, and the two guide rollers 362 are respectively fixedly mounted on the top and bottom of the high-pedal platform 361, facing the central hole 311 of the cover frame 31. The clamping mechanism 363 is fixedly mounted on the top of the high-pedal platform 361, and the rotation of the high-pedal linear module servo motor 351 can be converted into linear movement of the high-pedal fixture 36 following the slide of the high-pedal linear module 35. The inner side of the high-pedal platform 361 has an arc-shaped structure.

[0045] like Figure 21 As shown, in this embodiment, the tightening mechanism 363 includes a tightening mechanism connecting plate 3631, a trapezoidal lead screw 3632, a nut 3633, a trapezoidal lead screw connecting plate 3634, and a handwheel 3635. The connecting plate 3631 is fixed on the high pedal platform 361, the nut 3633 is fixedly installed on the tightening mechanism connecting plate 3631, the trapezoidal lead screw 3632 passes through the hole in the tightening mechanism connecting plate 3631 and cooperates with the nut 3633, the handwheel 3635 is fixed at one end of the trapezoidal lead screw 3632, and the trapezoidal lead screw connecting plate 3634 is fixed at the other end of the trapezoidal lead screw 3632, facing the center hole 311 of the cover frame 31. When the handwheel 3635 rotates, it can be converted into linear motion of the trapezoidal lead screw connecting plate 3634 through the lead screw and nut pair, which is used to tighten the round product. The trapezoidal lead screw connecting plate 3634 is made of non-metallic material.

[0046] like Figure 22 As shown, in this embodiment, the low-pedal linear module servo motor 371 is fixedly mounted on the side of the low-pedal linear module 37 housing, and the low-pedal fixture 38 is fixedly mounted on the low-pedal linear module 37 slide. The rotation of the low-pedal linear module servo motor 371 can be converted into the linear movement of the low-pedal fixture 38 following the low-pedal linear module 37 slide. The inner side of the low-pedal fixture 38 has an arc-shaped structure.

[0047] The variable diameter machining fixture described in this embodiment is used by workers to operate a radial drill on the ground to drill holes in the end faces of circular workpieces of different sizes. Large circular workpieces, due to their excessive length, often extend deep into the pit; therefore, a suitable height is left for workers to operate the radial drill to drill holes in the end faces of the circular workpieces. The lifting mechanism 1 of the variable diameter machining fixture is fixedly installed at the bottom of the pit, and the diameter-changing mechanism 2 is fixedly installed on the top of the lifting and moving frame 12 of the lifting mechanism 1. The cover frame 31 is connected to the lifting and fixing frame 11 of the lifting mechanism 1, ensuring the coaxial effect of the diameter-changing mechanism 2 on the lifting mechanism 1 and the cover mechanism 3. The lifting and moving frame 11 drives the diameter changing mechanism 2 to move up and down. The diameter changing tool 22 of the diameter changing mechanism 2 can support the appropriate height of round products exposed on the ground. The diameter changing effect of the diameter changing tool 22 is used to support round products of different diameters. The high pedal tool 36 and the low pedal tool 38 of the cover plate mechanism 3 achieve the diameter changing effect through linear movement, which makes it easy for the clamping mechanism 363 to clamp products of different diameters. At the same time, it is convenient for workers to stand on the high pedal tool 36 and the low pedal tool 38 to perform drilling operations. The lifting mechanism 1 has a lifting stroke of 1500mm, and the diameter changing range of the diameter changing mechanism 2 and the cover plate mechanism 3 is 400mm-1400mm.

[0048] In this embodiment, when the variable diameter machining fixture is in operation, the lifting mechanism 1 rises to a suitable height, the diameter-changing mechanism 2 and the cover plate mechanism 3 change the diameter to a suitable position, and then the operator lowers the circular product from the central hole 311 along the guide roller 362 onto the diameter-changing upper connecting plate 226 of the diameter-changing fixture 22. After it is in place, the operator rotates the handwheel 3635 to clamp the circular product. Finally, the operator stands in a suitable position on the high-pedal fixture 36 or the low-pedal fixture 38 to perform the drilling operation. Compared with the prior art, the variable diameter machining fixture replaces the special fixtures for different models of circular products, reducing production costs; it also reduces the time for operators to change different special fixtures, improving production efficiency; and it reduces the frequency of operators entering and exiting the pit, reducing safety risks.

[0049] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "side", "right", "left", "upper", "lower", "vertical", "top", "bottom", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0050] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "setting" should be interpreted broadly; for example, they can refer to fixed connections or settings, detachable connections or settings, or integrated structures; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium, or internal connections between two components; those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0051] In the description of this invention, references to terms such as “embodiment,” “specific example,” or “practical application” indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention; the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example, and the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

Claims

1. A variable diameter machining fixture suitable for circular workpieces of different diameters, characterized in that, include: A lifting mechanism with a lifting and fixing frame is provided to drive the diameter changing mechanism to adjust the height of the product protruding from the cover plate mechanism. The variable diameter mechanism for supporting the bottom of a product to be processed includes a variable diameter worktable fixed on a lifting mechanism, a variable diameter guide plate that can rotate relative to the variable diameter worktable, a drive device connected to the variable diameter guide plate to drive its rotation, multiple linear sliding pairs disposed on the variable diameter worktable, and variable diameter tooling connected to the sliding pairs. The variable diameter guide plate has multiple guide slots that are distributed in a spiral pattern, and the length direction of the guide slots is parallel to the tangent direction of the inner circular hole on the variable diameter guide plate. The variable diameter tooling is located in the guide slots and rolls in contact with them. By driving the variable diameter guide plate to rotate, the variable diameter tooling moves radially parallel to the variable diameter guide plate, so that multiple variable diameter toolings can be used to support the bottom of products with different diameters. The cover plate mechanism fixed to the top of the lifting frame includes a worktable, a high-pedal linear module and a low-pedal linear module set on the worktable; the worktable has a central hole at its center, which serves as an insertion hole for the product to be processed, and the central hole is coaxial with the variable diameter guide plate; multiple high-pedal linear modules and multiple low-pedal linear modules are arranged at equal intervals around the center of the central hole, and the low-pedal linear modules and high-pedal linear modules are staggered, and both the low-pedal linear modules and high-pedal linear modules slide radially parallel to the central hole; The low-pedal linear module and the high-pedal linear module are respectively fixed with high-pedal fixtures and low-pedal fixtures, which are used to push the product to be processed from different height positions to center and clamp the product to be processed, and fill the gap between the product to be processed and the central hole, serving as the stepping position for the worker when processing the product to be processed; the high-pedal fixture is also used to guide the product to be processed when it is lowered.

2. The variable diameter machining fixture for circular workpieces of different diameters according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting mechanism includes a lifting reversing reducer and a ball screw jack fixed on the lifting fixed frame; two lifting linear guides and a bearing seat are fixed on both sides of the lifting fixed frame; the lifting linear guides cooperate with the lifting guide slider fixed on the lifting moving frame; the top of the ball screw jack cooperates with the bearing seat; the nut of the ball screw jack is fixedly connected to the lifting moving frame; the output shafts on both sides of the lifting reversing reducer are connected to the lifting transmission shafts on both sides through lifting couplings; the lifting transmission shafts are connected to the ball screw jack through lifting couplings and reversing devices; the input shaft of the lifting reversing reducer is connected to a lifting servo motor, and a single lifting servo motor simultaneously drives the lifting movement of two lifting moving frames.

3. The variable diameter machining fixture for circular workpieces of different diameters according to claim 1, characterized in that, The linear sliding pair includes a variable diameter linear guide rail and a variable diameter guide rail slider, the variable diameter guide rail slider being able to slide radially parallel to the variable diameter guide disc; the variable diameter tooling includes a variable diameter upper connecting plate, a variable diameter upper connecting piece, a connecting shaft, and a variable diameter lower connecting plate arranged sequentially from top to bottom; the variable diameter lower connecting plate is fixed to the variable diameter guide rail slider; the connecting shaft is provided with a bearing, the bearing is set in the guide groove, and the outer circle of the bearing is tangent to the inner wall of the guide groove.

4. The variable diameter machining fixture for circular workpieces of different diameters according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-pedal fixture includes a high-pedal platform, guide rollers, and a clamping mechanism; the high-pedal platform is fixedly installed on the slide of the high-pedal linear module, and two guide rollers are fixedly installed on the top and bottom of the high-pedal platform, respectively, facing the central hole; the clamping mechanism is fixedly installed on the top of the high-pedal platform.

5. The variable diameter machining fixture for circular workpieces of different diameters according to claim 4, characterized in that, The tightening mechanism includes a tightening mechanism connecting plate, a trapezoidal lead screw, a nut, a trapezoidal lead screw connecting plate, and a handwheel. The tightening mechanism connecting plate is fixed on the high pedal platform, the nut is fixed on the tightening mechanism connecting plate, the trapezoidal lead screw passes through the hole in the tightening mechanism connecting plate and engages with the nut, the handwheel is fixed at one end of the trapezoidal lead screw, and the trapezoidal lead screw connecting plate is fixed at the other end of the trapezoidal lead screw, facing the central hole.

6. The variable diameter machining fixture for circular workpieces of different diameters according to claim 3, characterized in that, The upper connecting plate of the variable diameter is made of non-metallic material.

7. The variable diameter machining fixture for circular workpieces of different diameters according to claim 1, characterized in that, The workbench includes a cover plate frame and a cover plate workbench; the workbench is fixedly installed on the top of the cover plate frame, and a blocking plate is provided between the cover plate frame and the cover plate workbench; the high pedal linear module and the low pedal linear module are positioned below the top plate of the cover plate workbench.

8. The variable diameter machining fixture for circular workpieces of different diameters according to claim 1, characterized in that, A guardrail is fixed to the worktable of the cover plate.

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