A retractable roof system for a large venue and a control method thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a retractable roof system for large venues and its control method, comprising a fixed roof structure on which several movable roof units are movably mounted. Each movable roof unit includes a movable roof truss with a downward-facing, embedded C-shaped cross-section at its bottom. Track beams are provided on both sides, and the track beams are integrated with the C-shaped cross-section of the movable roof truss. A support system cooperating with the track beams is installed on the fixed roof structure. Each movable roof unit is connected to a drive transmission system that drives it to run along the track beams. A flip-up track groove cover system is provided below each movable roof unit. This invention solves the technical problems of large structural height and poor transmission reliability in traditional movable roof systems, and has advantages such as smooth operation, high synchronization accuracy, and safety and reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of large-span spatial structure technology, and more specifically to an openable and closable roof system for a large venue and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] Large venues utilizing retractable roofs can better meet multi-functional needs, balancing indoor activities with the experience of the natural environment. However, existing technologies for large retractable roofs often face several challenges: First, controlling the synchronous operation precision of large-scale movable roofs is difficult, easily leading to accumulated errors and jamming; second, the system structure is complex, requiring extremely high standards for track flatness, drive synchronization, and installation accuracy, making construction difficult; third, safety measures are insufficient, making it difficult to cope with extreme weather or sudden malfunctions. Furthermore, at the engineering implementation level, traditional methods often separate the mechanical system from civil engineering and steel structure installation, resulting in numerous overlapping operations, long construction periods, and difficulty in guaranteeing accuracy, further affecting the reliability and performance of the entire retractable roof system.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a highly integrated, stable and reliable, synchronously controlled, and intelligent safety control solution for opening and closing roof systems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an openable and closable roof system for large venues and its control method, which is reasonably designed, safe and reliable in operation, and has high synchronization accuracy.

[0005] A retractable roof system for a large venue includes a fixed roof structure with several movable roof units movably mounted on it. Each movable roof unit includes a movable roof truss with a downward-facing, embedded C-shaped cross-section at its bottom and track beams on both sides. The track beams are integrated with the C-shaped cross-section of the movable roof truss. A support system that cooperates with the track beams is installed on the fixed roof structure. Each movable roof unit is connected to a drive transmission system that drives it to run along the track beams. A flip-up track groove cover system is provided below each movable roof unit.

[0006] Furthermore, the drive transmission system includes a floating seat fixed to the fixed roof structure. The floating seat is connected to a drive frame via a floating structure. A drive motor and a drive sprocket connected to the drive motor are mounted on the drive frame. A chain meshing with the drive sprocket is provided on the movable roof unit. The floating structure is a four-bar linkage, which enables the drive frame to adaptively float relative to the floating seat to maintain constant engagement between the drive sprocket and the chain.

[0007] Furthermore, an H-shaped steel beam is installed inside the movable roof truss, and an mounting pad for fixing the chain is provided on the H-shaped steel beam. A guide wheel that contacts and engages with the flange of the H-shaped steel beam is provided inside the drive frame.

[0008] Furthermore, the drive motor is a geared motor with a bidirectional output shaft. Its front output shaft is connected to a drive sprocket, and its rear output shaft is connected to a passive hydraulic damping system.

[0009] Furthermore, the support system includes several support trolleys mounted on the fixed roof structure. Each support trolley includes a trolley frame, support wheels, guide wheels, and a return spring mechanism. A mounting base is fixedly installed on the fixed roof structure. The trolley frame is hinged to the mounting base. The support wheels move in conjunction with the inner side of the track beam. The guide wheels are located on both sides of the trolley frame for contacting the sides of the track beam. The return spring mechanism is installed at the bottom of the trolley frame. The trolley frame is mounted on the fixed roof structure via the mounting base. The support wheels engage with the track beam to bear vertical loads, the guide wheels contact the sides of the track beam to bear lateral forces and provide guidance, and the return spring mechanism, installed at the bottom of the trolley frame, assists the support wheels in smoothly guiding the track beam in and out.

[0010] Furthermore, the track beam is provided with flared structures at both ends to guide the support trolley to smoothly enter and exit the track beam.

[0011] Furthermore, the track trough covering system includes multiple covering units arranged sequentially along the length of the track beam, each covering unit being connected to an electric push rod that controls its rotation. Each covering unit includes a cover plate, on which a rotation mechanism connected to the electric push rod is mounted. The cover plate and rotation mechanism are hinged to the movable roof unit via supports, with one end of the rotation mechanism hinged to the electric push rod and the other end hinged to the cover plate. The electric push rod extends and retracts, driving the rotation mechanism to rotate, causing the cover plate to switch between a closed position covering the track trough and an open position that avoids the movement of the movable roof.

[0012] Furthermore, a central canopy system is included, comprising a rotatable waterproof cap mounted at the head of one of the movable roof units to prevent rainwater from entering the central area of ​​the venue when the roof is closed. The central canopy system consists of a slewing support, a servo motor, and the waterproof cap. The central canopy system is installed at the head of one of the multiple movable roof units. When the roof is open, the servo motor drives the slewing support, causing the waterproof cap to rotate to the outside to prevent obstruction of the view and meet the overall architectural aesthetic requirements; when the roof is closed, the waterproof cap rotates to the center of the roof to prevent rainwater from entering the interior of the venue.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes a safety assurance system comprising a buffer assembly and a retractable pin assembly. The buffer assembly is fixed to the fixed roof structure, and the pin assembly is mounted on the drive transmission system. The buffer assembly is disposed on the fixed roof structure and corresponds to the end position of the travel of the movable roof unit. The pin assembly includes a pin and a drive unit disposed on the drive frame, and the movable roof truss is provided with a locking hole that engages with the pin assembly in its extended state.

[0014] A control method for a retractable roof system in a large venue includes the following steps:

[0015] Operation preparation phase: Check the locking status of the latch components of all movable roof units. After confirming that all latch components are pulled out in place, start the drive transmission system.

[0016] Roof opening and closing control stage: Real-time monitoring of the displacement signals of each movable roof unit, control of the start, stop and speed of the drive motor, to achieve synchronous operation of multiple movable roof units, and automatic deceleration when approaching the end of the stroke;

[0017] Track trough covering system collaborative control phase: Based on the real-time position of the movable roof unit, during the roof closing process, each section of the covering unit is controlled to close sequentially from head to tail, and during the roof opening process, each section of the covering unit is controlled to open sequentially from tail to head.

[0018] Central Shielding System Control Phase: After the roof is fully closed, control the rotation of the central shielding system's waterproof cap to the central waterproofing position; before the roof is opened, control the rotation of the waterproof cap to the outer clearance position.

[0019] Safety monitoring and fault handling phase: Continuously monitor the system's operating status. When abnormal displacement, abnormal speed, current overload, or power failure is detected, immediately stop all operating components and automatically activate the passive hydraulic damping system to achieve safe and slow descent of the movable roof in the event of a power failure.

[0020] In summary, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The integrated design of embedded C-section truss and track beam fundamentally solves the problems of large structural height and heavy weight of traditional systems, achieving the ultimate lightweight and low elevation of the system, while significantly improving the overall stiffness and stability.

[0022] The innovative three-section support point and floating trolley mechanism, combined with the four-bar adaptive chain drive system, can effectively compensate for track deformation and installation errors, ensuring accurate and reliable transmission and smooth operation throughout the entire stroke range;

[0023] The segmented flip-type intelligent track trough covering system and the central rotating waterproof cap design perfectly balance functionality and architectural aesthetics within extremely small space constraints.

[0024] The integrated passive hydraulic damping safety system and multiple protection measures provide comprehensive safety assurance from normal operation to emergency response.

[0025] The modular design facilitates installation and maintenance, and the control system boasts high precision and excellent synchronization performance.

[0026] This invention solves the technical problems of traditional movable roof systems, such as large structural height and poor transmission reliability, and has the advantages of stable operation, high synchronization accuracy, and safety and reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the fully open state of the movable roof according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the fully closed state of the movable roof according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a layout diagram of the support trolley and drive transmission system in the fully open state according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a layout diagram of the fully enclosed support trolley and drive transmission system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the opening and closing roof position according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the retractable roof unit in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the opening and closing roof track beam and chain according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the end of the opening and closing roof track beam according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the supporting trolley structure in an embodiment of the invention;

[0036] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the drive transmission system structure according to an embodiment of the invention;

[0037] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the pin assembly structure according to an embodiment of the invention;

[0038] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the support trolley, drive transmission assembly, and buffer assembly according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0039] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the central shielding system in an embodiment of the invention;

[0040] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the chain portion structure in an embodiment of the invention;

[0041] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the track groove covering system according to an embodiment of the invention;

[0042] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the covering unit structure according to an embodiment of the invention;

[0043] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the track groove covering system in the open state according to an embodiment of the invention;

[0044] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the closed state of the track groove covering system according to an embodiment of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1 to 18 The present invention provides a more detailed description of the specific implementation of an openable and closable roof system for a large venue and its control method.

[0046] This invention is used in a large venue openable and closable roof system. The overall structure includes a fixed roof structure 1, a movable roof unit 2, a support trolley 3, a drive transmission system 4, a central cover system 5, and a track groove cover system 8.

[0047] Each movable roof unit 2 is independent of the others. To ensure operational stability, its structure adopts a single-beam, double-track design. The movable roof unit 2 includes a movable roof truss 2-1, which features a downward-facing, embedded C-shaped cross-section design. A C-shaped track beam is mirrored on each of its two sides and integrated with the movable roof truss. The track beams are made of special wear-resistant steel, eliminating the need for traditional steel rails and reducing the height of the track beams, thus significantly reducing the weight of the movable roof. Combined with a cantilevered support trolley, this provides vertical tensile and compressive strength, greatly reducing the gap between the movable and fixed roofs, minimizing the height of the movable roof, and reducing lateral wind loads. The embedded mechanical equipment also contributes to a more aesthetically pleasing appearance.

[0048] The support trolleys 3 are driven and arranged on the main beam of the fixed roof structure 1. The fixed roof structure has three support points (top, middle, and bottom), with two support trolleys 3 arranged symmetrically at each point. Therefore, a total of six support trolleys 3 are arranged on each main beam of the fixed roof structure, meshing with the track beams 6 on both sides of the movable roof unit 2, providing support and guidance for the movement of the movable roof unit 2. Simultaneously, the sprockets 4-4 in the drive transmission system 4 mesh with the chain 7-3 of the movable roof unit, and the reduction motor 4-5 outputs torque, providing driving force for the movement of the movable roof unit 2 through the sprocket and chain transmission.

[0049] In the closed state, the support trolleys 3 at the upper and middle support points are located inside the track beam 6. At this time, the support trolleys 3 at the lower support point are disengaged from the track. During the opening process of the movable roof unit 2, the support trolleys 3 at the lower support point will enter the area of ​​the track beam 6 until the movable roof unit 2 is fully opened. Then, the support trolleys 3 at the upper support point are disengaged from the track. At this time, the structure is supported by the support trolleys 3 at the middle and lower support points. The drive transmission system 4 remains within the track throughout all processes. To ensure that the support trolleys 3 at the upper and lower support points can smoothly enter the track during use, the track beam is designed with a flared shape at both ends.

[0050] The structure supporting trolley 3 is as follows Figure 9 As shown, the structure includes a mounting base 3-1, a trolley frame 3-2, support wheels 3-3, guide wheels 3-4, and a return spring mechanism 3-5 (return disc spring). The mounting base 3-1 is fixed to the fixed roof structure 1 using pre-embedded bolts. The trolley frame 3-2 is hinged to the mounting base 3-1 via a main shaft, allowing for rotation at a certain angle in the vertical plane. The support wheels 3-3 precisely fit into the C-grooves of the track beam 6, ensuring even distribution of pressure and tension. Return spring mechanisms 3-5 are installed on both sides of the bottom of the trolley frame 3-2, symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main shaft, providing stable preload to ensure the support wheels 3-3 of the supporting trolley 3 can smoothly enter the track. The guide wheels 3-4 are installed on both sides of the trolley frame 3-2, forming rolling contact with the outer side of the track beam 6, allowing the supporting trolley 3 to withstand a certain lateral force.

[0051] The structure of the drive transmission system 4 is as follows Figure 10 The system includes a floating seat 4-1, a floating structure 4-2 (four-bar linkage), a drive frame 4-3, a geared motor 4-5, and a drive sprocket 4-4. The floating seat 4-1 is fixed to the fixed roof structure 1. The four-bar linkage 4-2 consists of four links of equal length, with self-lubricating spherical bearings at each hinge point, allowing the drive frame 4-3 to self-adaptively float in three-dimensional space. This system uses a sprocket and chain drive, which is precise and reliable, suitable for spatial movement. The drive frame 4-3 is connected to the fixed roof structure 1 via the four-bar linkage and the floating seat 4-1.

[0052] The movable roof unit 2 includes an H-beam 7-1, mounting plates 7-2, and a chain 7-3. The H-beam 7-1 is arranged along the movable roof unit 2. Mounting plates 7-2 are welded on-site to the lower surface of the lower flange according to the hole positions of the chain connecting plate. The chain 7-3 is then bolted onto the mounting plates 7-2. This installation method not only improves installation accuracy and better matches the curved structure, reducing structural errors, but also facilitates subsequent maintenance and replacement. A guide wheel 4.8 is mounted on the drive frame 4-3, maintaining pre-load contact with the lower surface of the flange of the H-beam 7-1, providing a precise positioning reference for the floating system and ensuring that the drive sprocket 4-4 and chain 7-3 are always precisely engaged.

[0053] The floating structure adapts to the deformation interference of the movable roof unit 2, and, in conjunction with the guide roller 4.8, ensures that the sprocket 4-4 and chain 7-3 are always precisely engaged. The geared motor 4-5 is a dual-output shaft geared motor. Its front output shaft is connected to the drive sprocket 4-4 via a coupling, providing sufficient power for the opening and closing of the roof; the rear output shaft is connected to the passive hydraulic damping system 4-6. The passive hydraulic damping system 4-6 can provide a constant damping torque in the event of a power outage, ensuring that the movable roof unit 2 can be opened quickly in the event of a fire or other special circumstances leading to a power outage.

[0054] The track trough covering system 8 is installed on both sides below the track trough of the movable roof unit 2, and is arranged in a segmented manner. The structure of the track trough covering system 8 is as follows: Figure 15-17 As shown, the system includes multiple covering units arranged along the length of the track. Each covering unit is connected to an electric push rod 8-1 that controls its rotation. Each covering unit includes a cover plate 8-3, on which a rotation mechanism 8-2 connected to the electric push rod is mounted. The cover plate 8-3 and the rotation mechanism are hinged to the movable roof unit 2 via a support 8-4. The rotation mechanism 8-2 uses a linkage mechanism, with one end hinged to the electric push rod and the other end hinged to the cover plate 8-3. The telescopic movement of the electric push rod 8-1 drives the rotation mechanism 8-2 to rotate the cover plate 8-3, thus opening and closing the covering unit. When the movable roof unit 2 closes, the head electric cover plate gradually closes until fully closed, fulfilling the track groove covering requirement. When the movable roof unit 2 opens, the tail electric cover plate gradually opens until fully open, preventing the cover plate from interfering with the roof's operation.

[0055] To address the drainage problem at the center of multiple closed sections, a central shielding system 5 and a central shielding system 6 are also installed. Figure 13As shown, this design ensures effective waterproofing of the central area after the movable roof unit 2 is closed, diverting rainwater from the central area to the surrounding area. It includes a slewing support 5-1, a servo motor 5-2, and a waterproof cap 5-3 with an umbrella-shaped membrane structure. The waterproof cap 5-3 is mounted on the head of one of the sections of the movable roof unit 2 via the slewing support 5-1 and is driven to rotate by the servo motor 5-2. When the roof is open, the servo motor 5-2 drives the slewing support 5-1, causing the waterproof cap 5-3 to rotate to the outside, preventing obstruction of the view and meeting the overall architectural aesthetic requirements. When the roof is closed, the waterproof cap 5-3 rotates to the center of the roof, preventing rainwater from entering the venue.

[0056] The safety assurance system includes a buffer assembly and pin assemblies 4-7. The buffer assembly, employing a hydraulic damper, is installed at the end of the stroke of the fixed roof structure 1 to ensure relatively uniform force distribution when each movable roof unit is fully open / closed. Pin assemblies 4-7 are telescopic and include pins, hydraulic actuators, and locking holes for mechanical locking of the drive frame. The locking holes are fixed to the movable roof unit 2 (H-beam), and the pin assembly locks its position when the movable roof unit is in the fully open or fully closed state, improving the structural safety redundancy in the event of severe storms or earthquakes during the fully closed, non-operating state.

[0057] A control method for a retractable roof system in a large venue includes the following steps:

[0058] Operation preparation phase: Check the locking status of the latch components of all movable roof units. After confirming that all latch components are pulled out in place, start the drive transmission system.

[0059] Roof opening and closing control stage: Real-time monitoring of the displacement signals of each movable roof unit, control of the start, stop and speed of the drive motor, to achieve synchronous operation of multiple movable roof units, and automatic deceleration when approaching the end of the stroke;

[0060] Track trough covering system collaborative control phase: Based on the real-time position of the movable roof unit, during the roof closing process, each section of the covering unit is controlled to close sequentially from head to tail, and during the roof opening process, each section of the covering unit is controlled to open sequentially from tail to head.

[0061] Central Shielding System Control Phase: After the roof is fully closed, control the rotation of the central shielding system's waterproof cap to the central waterproofing position; before the roof is opened, control the rotation of the waterproof cap to the outer clearance position.

[0062] Safety monitoring and fault handling phase: Continuously monitor the system's operating status. When abnormal displacement, abnormal speed, current overload, or power failure is detected, immediately stop all operating components and automatically activate the passive hydraulic damping system to achieve safe and slow descent of the movable roof in the event of a power failure.

[0063] Closing Process: First, all movable roof unit pin assemblies are pulled out. Once the system detects that all pins are fully extended, all drive inverters simultaneously apply torque while stationary, then release the drive motor brakes. After all brakes are confirmed to be fully released, speed commands are simultaneously sent to each roof inverter, the drive motors start running, and the movable roof units begin to move and close. The system displacement monitoring encoder checks the position of the movable roof units in real time. When a movable roof unit closes to a certain position, the corresponding cover plate electric push rod is activated to control the corresponding cover plate at the lower end of the roof to close. When the system displacement encoder detects that the movable roof unit is approaching its end point, it will decelerate to reduce inertia upon stopping. After the movable roof unit touches the closed position limit switch, the movable roof unit immediately stops running. At this time, the drive motor brakes also immediately engage, and then the pin assemblies are engaged. Once all the pin assemblies of the movable roof units are fully engaged, the movable roof unit with the rotating waterproof cap will start its servo motor, rotating the entire waterproof cap 180 degrees to the closed position, completing the entire closing process.

[0064] Opening Process: First, the electric push rods of the last cover plates of all movable roof units are activated, opening the cover plates. Simultaneously, the servo motors of the movable roof units with waterproof caps start, rotating the waterproof caps 180 degrees to the open position. After all movable roof units' corresponding cover plates are detected to be in the open position, the next operation is performed. All movable roof unit pin assemblies are pulled out. After the system detects that all pins are pulled out, all drive inverters simultaneously apply torque while stationary, then release the drive motor brakes. After all brakes are confirmed to be fully released, speed commands are simultaneously sent to each movable roof unit inverter, the drive motors start running, and the movable roof units begin to move and open. The system displacement monitoring encoder checks the position of the movable roof units in real time. When a movable roof unit opens to a certain position, the corresponding cover plate electric push rod is activated, controlling the opening of the corresponding cover plate at the lower end of the movable roof unit. When the system displacement encoder detects that the movable roof unit is approaching its end point, it will decelerate to reduce inertia upon stopping. Once the movable roof unit touches the open limit switch, the movable roof unit immediately stops running. At this time, the drive motor brake also immediately engages, followed by the latch assembly latching. After all the latches of the movable roof units are latched into place, the entire opening process is completed.

[0065] This invention employs an advanced process combining factory prefabrication and precise on-site installation when constructing a large-scale stadium retractable roof system. The specific steps are as follows:

[0066] First, the track beams and movable roof trusses are manufactured as a single integrated unit in the factory. Specialized tooling ensures the straightness and flatness of the track working surface, and CNC machine tools are used to precision mill the track working surface to ensure that its dimensional and positional tolerances are controlled within the design requirements. Simultaneously, the H-beams and chains are assembled into a transmission module on the ground. The connection holes of the chain mounting plate are machined on-site using a pre-drilled process to eliminate accumulated errors and ensure the assembly accuracy of the transmission system.

[0067] Subsequently, the support system and drive transmission system were installed on the construction site. A laser tracker was used to precisely measure and adjust the elevation of each support point on the fixed roof structure, ensuring the flatness of the installation base surface for the support trolley. The drive unit is connected to the floating seat via a four-bar linkage; during installation, the initial engagement position of the drive sprocket was precisely controlled by adjusting shims.

[0068] Next, large lifting equipment was used to hoist the pre-assembled movable roof unit onto the fixed roof structure. A real-time monitoring system was employed during the hoisting process to ensure accurate unit placement. Finally, system coordination and debugging were performed. A laser rangefinder and encoder were used to monitor the engagement status of the drive sprocket and chain throughout their entire stroke range, dynamically adjusting the floating preload of the drive unit to ensure the transmission system was always in optimal working condition.

[0069] This construction method ensures component precision through factory prefabrication, guarantees system installation quality through precise on-site measurement and adjustment, and ensures the collaborative performance of each subsystem through systematic debugging, thereby achieving high-precision and high-reliability installation of the entire openable roof system.

[0070] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the scope of the present invention's concept are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, any improvements and modifications made without departing from the principles of the present invention should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A retractable roof system for a large venue, characterized in that: The system includes a fixed roof structure on which several movable roof units are movably mounted. Each movable roof unit includes a movable roof truss with a downward-facing, embedded C-shaped cross-section at its bottom. Track beams are provided on both sides, and the track beams are integrated with the C-shaped cross-section of the movable roof truss. A support system that cooperates with the track beams is installed on the fixed roof structure. The movable roof unit is connected to a drive transmission system that drives it to run along the track beams. A rotatable track groove cover system is provided below the movable roof unit. The track groove covering system includes multiple covering units arranged sequentially along the length of the track beam, and each covering unit is connected to an electric push rod that controls its rotation. The covering unit includes a cover plate, on which a flipping mechanism connected to an electric push rod is provided. The cover plate and the flipping mechanism are hinged to the movable roof unit via a support. One end of the flipping mechanism is hinged to the electric push rod, and the other end is hinged to the cover plate. The electric push rod extends and retracts to drive the flipping mechanism to rotate, causing the cover plate to switch between a closed position covering the track groove and an open position that avoids the operation of the movable roof.

2. The retractable roof system for large venues according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive transmission system includes a floating seat fixed on the fixed roof structure. The floating seat is connected to a drive frame through the floating structure. A drive motor and a drive sprocket connected to the drive motor are mounted on the drive frame. A chain that meshes with the drive sprocket is provided on the movable roof unit.

3. The retractable roof system for large venues according to claim 2, characterized in that: The movable roof truss is equipped with H-shaped steel beams, and the H-shaped steel beams are provided with mounting pads for fixing the chains. The drive frame is equipped with guide wheels that contact and cooperate with the flanges of the H-shaped steel beams.

4. The retractable roof system for large venues according to claim 2, characterized in that: The drive motor is a geared motor with a bidirectional output shaft. Its front output shaft is connected to the drive sprocket, and its rear output shaft is connected to a passive hydraulic damping system.

5. The retractable roof system for large venues according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support system includes several support trolleys installed on the fixed roof structure. Each support trolley includes a trolley frame, support wheels, guide wheels, and a return spring mechanism. A mounting base is fixedly installed on the fixed roof structure. The trolley frame is hinged to the mounting base. The support wheels move in cooperation with the inner side of the track beam. The guide wheels are located on both sides of the trolley frame for contacting the sides of the track beam. The return spring mechanism is installed at the bottom of the trolley frame.

6. The retractable roof system for large venues according to claim 5, characterized in that: The track beam has flared structures at both ends to guide the support trolley to smoothly enter and exit the track beam.

7. The retractable roof system for large venues according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a central canopy system comprising a rotatable waterproof cap mounted on the head of one of the movable roof units to prevent rainwater from entering the central area of ​​the venue when the roof is closed.

8. The retractable roof system for large venues according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a safety assurance system, which comprises a buffer assembly and a retractable pin assembly, the buffer assembly being fixed to the fixed roof structure and the pin assembly being mounted on the drive transmission system.

9. A control method for an openable / closed roof system in a large stadium, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Operation preparation phase: Check the locking status of the latch components of all movable roof units. After confirming that all latch components are pulled out in place, start the drive transmission system. Roof opening and closing control stage: Real-time monitoring of the displacement signals of each movable roof unit, control of the start, stop and speed of the drive motor, to achieve synchronous operation of multiple movable roof units, and automatic deceleration when approaching the end of the stroke; Track trough covering system coordinated control phase: Based on the real-time position of the movable roof unit, during the roof closing process, each covering unit is controlled to close sequentially from head to tail, and during the roof opening process, each covering unit is controlled to open sequentially from tail to head; Central covering system control phase: After the roof is fully closed, the waterproof cap of the central covering system is controlled to rotate to the central waterproof position; before the roof opens, the waterproof cap is controlled to rotate to the outer avoidance position; Safety monitoring and fault handling phase: The system operating status is continuously monitored. When abnormal displacement, abnormal speed, current overload, or power failure is detected, all operating components are immediately stopped, and the passive hydraulic damping system is automatically activated to achieve safe and slow descent of the movable roof in the event of a power failure.

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