Inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure of fusion device divertor heat sink structure

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of nuclear fusion device application, and discloses an import and export coaxial cooling structure of a fusion device filter heat sink structure. The cooling structure comprises coaxially arranged outer flow channel components and inner flow channel components; the outer flow channel components and the inner flow channel components are arranged at the edge positions of the heat sink structure and are horizontally and axially floatingly installed in the interval arranged heat sink structure and main body structure; the inner flow channel components are internally provided with inner flow channels, and the inner flow channels are communicated between the outlet of the cooling flow channel in the heat sink structure and the inlet of the liquid outlet flow channel in the main body structure; the outer flow channel components and the space between the outer flow channel components and the inner flow channel components jointly form outer flow channels, and the outer flow channels are communicated between the inlet of the cooling flow channel and the outlet of the liquid inlet flow channel in the main body structure. The application makes the whole heat sink structure realize reasonable temperature gradient, guarantees the strength reliability of the main body structure, and has compact overall structure, which can reduce the complex connection of external pipelines, is convenient to install and maintain, and has low maintenance cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nuclear fusion device applications, and more particularly to an inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure for a heat sink structure of a fusion device divertor. Background Technology

[0002] Fusion energy is the ultimate ideal energy source for human society in terms of both safety and cleanliness. Moreover, fusion fuel is abundant on Earth. Deuterium is very rich in seawater, and tritium can be produced from lithium on Earth, with sufficient reserves to meet the supply of deuterium-tritium fusion fuel.

[0003] The divertor is one of the core components of a tokamak fusion device, comprising a plasma-facing unit (PFU) and a main structure (used to integrate the PFU and fixed to the vacuum chamber by a support structure). The divertor system operates in a high-temperature, high-radiation, and high-dynamic-load environment, utilizing various structural materials with different coefficients of thermal expansion. The PFU, acting as a heat sink, primarily uses tungsten, copper, or chromium-zirconium copper; the main structure, a strength structure, is primarily made of stainless steel. The significant difference in their coefficients of thermal expansion leads to localized thermal stress. Furthermore, heating the heat sink and main structure causes small, primarily horizontal, displacements between them. Additionally, when plasma breaks up or shifts, the heat sink, subjected to external loads such as electromagnetic forces, is prone to small, axial displacements. These thermal expansions and small displacements cause stress concentrations in both the heat sink and main structure, affecting their reliability and ultimately the performance of the divertor system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in related technologies. To this end, one objective of this invention is to propose an inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure for the heat sink of a divertor in a fusion device, enabling the heat sink structure to achieve a reasonable temperature gradient, ensuring the strength and reliability of the main structure, while also having a compact overall structure, reducing complex connections in external piping, facilitating installation and maintenance, and reducing maintenance costs.

[0005] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure of the heat sink structure of the divertor of the fusion device includes an outer flow channel component and an inner flow channel component arranged coaxially; the outer flow channel component and the inner flow channel component are arranged at one side edge of the heat sink structure and can be horizontally and axially floatingly installed in the heat sink structure and the main structure that are spaced apart.

[0006] The internal flow channel component is provided with an internal flow channel, which is connected between the outlet of the cooling flow channel in the heat sink structure and the inlet of the liquid outlet flow channel in the main structure.

[0007] An external flow channel is formed within the external flow channel component and between the external flow channel component and the internal flow channel component. The external flow channel is connected between the inlet of the cooling flow channel and the outlet of the liquid inlet flow channel in the main structure.

[0008] The coaxial inlet and outlet cooling structure of the heat sink structure for the divertor of the fusion device according to this embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:

[0009] Firstly, by designing the outer and inner flow channels coaxially, the inlet flow channel (outer flow channel) and outlet flow channel (inner flow channel) are designed to be coaxial, thus enabling the heat sink structure to achieve a reasonable temperature gradient. Since the main structure and the heat sink structure are in contact for heat conduction, the main structure also achieves a reasonable temperature gradient, thereby ensuring the strength and stability of the main structure.

[0010] Secondly, by designing the outer and inner flow channel components coaxially, the overall structure of the inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure of the fusion device divertor heat sink structure in this embodiment of the invention can be made more compact, reducing the complexity of external pipeline connections.

[0011] Third, in this embodiment of the invention, the inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structures of the heat sink structure of the fusion device divertor are located on the same side of the heat sink structure. When space is limited, this facilitates pipeline connection, makes installation and maintenance convenient, and reduces the difficulty of operation and maintenance costs.

[0012] Fourth, the outer and inner flow channel components together constitute a floating heat exchange structure. The floating heat exchange structure allows the overall structure to compensate for displacement deformation in a small range along the axial direction when subjected to fluctuating pulse dynamic loads such as electromagnetic force, so as to release thermal stress and reduce stress concentration, which is conducive to ensuring the strength and stability of the main structure. The floating heat exchange structure also allows the overall structure to compensate for displacement deformation along the planar direction when subjected to thermal loads and uneven thermal expansion of different components, so as to release thermal stress and reduce stress concentration, which is conducive to ensuring the strength and stability of the main structure.

[0013] In summary, the coaxial cooling structure of the inlet and outlet of the heat sink structure of the fusion device divertor in this embodiment of the invention enables the heat sink structure to achieve a reasonable temperature gradient, ensuring the strength and reliability of the main structure. Moreover, the overall structure is compact, which can reduce the complex connection of external pipelines, making installation and maintenance convenient and the maintenance cost low.

[0014] In some embodiments, the outer flow channel includes a main outer flow channel and a branch outer flow channel, the main outer flow channel being connected between the liquid inlet flow channel and the branch outer flow channel; a liquid inlet annular flow channel is formed between the outer flow channel component and the heat sink structure, the liquid inlet annular flow channel being connected between the branch outer flow channel and the inlet of the cooling flow channel.

[0015] In some embodiments, the inlet of the liquid inlet annular flow channel is located on one side of the liquid inlet annular flow channel, and the outlet of the liquid inlet annular flow channel is located on the other side of the liquid inlet annular flow channel.

[0016] In some embodiments, the inner flow channel includes a main inner flow channel and a branch inner flow channel, the main inner flow channel being connected between the liquid outlet flow channel and the branch inner flow channel; a liquid outlet annular flow channel is also formed between the outer flow channel component and the heat sink structure, the outer flow channel component having a corresponding branch connecting flow channel connected between the branch inner flow channel and the liquid outlet annular flow channel, the liquid outlet annular flow channel being connected between the branch connecting flow channel and the outlet of the cooling flow channel.

[0017] In some embodiments, the outlet annular flow channel is closer to the main structure than the inlet annular flow channel.

[0018] In some embodiments, the inlet of the liquid outlet annular flow channel is located on one side of the liquid outlet annular flow channel, and the outlet of the liquid outlet annular flow channel is located on the other side of the liquid outlet annular flow channel.

[0019] In some embodiments, a connecting annular flow channel is formed between the outer flow channel component and the inner flow channel component, and the branch connecting flow channel communicates with the branch inner flow channel through the connecting annular flow channel.

[0020] In some embodiments, the outer flow channel component includes an axially connected outer flow channel deflector and an outer flow channel expansion joint; the outer flow channel deflector and the outer flow channel expansion joint are respectively fixed in the heat sink mounting cavity of the heat sink structure and the main body mounting cavity of the main body structure, the outer flow channel deflector extends into the main body mounting cavity with clearance fit and is supported on the main body structure by its own outer shoulder, and there is a gap between the outer flow channel expansion joint and the side wall of the main body mounting cavity;

[0021] The inner flow channel component includes a copper alloy cap, an inner flow channel diverter, an inner flow channel expansion joint, and a short pipe connected axially in sequence; the inner flow channel diverter and the short pipe are respectively sealed and fixed in the outer flow channel diverter and the main body mounting cavity, the copper alloy cap is located in the heat sink mounting cavity, and the inner flow channel diverter and the inner flow channel expansion joint extend into the outer flow channel expansion joint;

[0022] The outer flow channel is formed between the outer side of the inner flow channel diverter, the inner flow channel expansion joint, and the short pipe and the inner side of the outer flow channel diverter and the expansion joint, as well as inside the outer flow channel diverter; the inner flow channel is formed inside the inner flow channel diverter, the inner flow channel expansion joint, and the short pipe.

[0023] In some embodiments, the outer flow channel component and the inner flow channel component are connected by a thread on the side of the connecting annular flow channel away from the copper alloy cap in the axial direction, and the outer flow channel component and the inner flow channel component are connected by a weld on the other side of the connecting annular flow channel near the copper alloy cap in the axial direction.

[0024] In some embodiments, the main mounting cavity includes a first cavity, a second cavity, and a bottom insertion hole that are axially connected; the second cavity is located axially between the first cavity and the bottom insertion hole, the inner diameter of the first cavity is larger than the inner diameter of the second cavity, the inner diameter of the second cavity is larger than the inner diameter of the bottom insertion hole, the bottom insertion hole communicates with the outlet of the liquid outlet channel, a shoulder is formed between the first cavity and the second cavity, the outer channel expansion joint is welded to the shoulder at the end away from the outer channel deflector, and the short tube is sealed and inserted into the bottom insertion hole; the outlet of the liquid inlet channel is located on the wall of the second cavity.

[0025] In some embodiments, the outer flow channel deflector is provided with the branch outer flow channel, and the inner flow channel deflector is provided with the branch inner flow channel.

[0026] In some embodiments, an inlet annular flow channel and an outlet annular flow channel are formed between the outer flow channel deflector and the heat sink structure, wherein the inlet annular flow channel is closer to the plasma-facing surface of the heat sink structure than the outlet annular flow channel.

[0027] In some embodiments, the external flow channel deflector is welded and fixed to the heat sink structure by a first adjusting washer. The first adjusting washer is distributed on both axial sides of the liquid outlet annular flow channel and on the inner side of the liquid inlet annular flow channel. The first adjusting washer located on one axial side of the liquid inlet annular flow channel is also located between the liquid inlet annular flow channel and the liquid outlet annular flow channel.

[0028] In some embodiments, the copper alloy cap is axially welded to the inner flow channel deflector via a second adjusting washer.

[0029] In some embodiments, the device further includes a stop clamp, a tungsten cap, and a third adjusting washer; the outer flow channel component has an end face groove on its end face located in the heat sink structure; the stop clamp is installed in the heat sink mounting cavity, the outer peripheral surface of the stop clamp abuts against the peripheral wall of the heat sink mounting cavity, the inner peripheral wall of the first adjusting washer located inside the liquid inlet annular flow channel, and the peripheral wall and bottom of the end face groove, and the stop clamp is locked with the outer flow channel deflector; the third adjusting washer is welded to the bottom of the end face groove, the tungsten cap is disposed between the stop clamp and the copper alloy cap and abuts against the end face of the third adjusting washer, the tungsten cap is disposed in the annular space between the heat sink structure and the copper alloy cap, and locks with the stop clamp after rotation.

[0030] In some embodiments, the installation method of the inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure of the fusion device divertor heat sink structure includes:

[0031] The outer flow channel steering gear is welded to the heat sink structure through the first adjusting washer, and the outer flow channel expansion joint is welded to the outer flow channel steering gear;

[0032] The heat sink structure is assembled with the main body structure, wherein the end of the outer flow channel expansion joint away from the outer flow channel deflector is welded to the shoulder of the main body mounting cavity;

[0033] Insert the short tube on the inner flow channel component into the bottom insertion hole, and thread the inner flow channel deflector and the outer flow channel deflector together. Weld the inner flow channel deflector and the outer flow channel deflector together. Weld the third adjusting washer to the bottom of the end face groove. Then install the stop clamp.

[0034] Install the tungsten cap.

[0035] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the layout of the inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structures of the heat sink structure of the divertor in the fusion device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure of the heat sink structure of the divertor in the fusion device according to an embodiment of the present invention, assembled with the heat sink structure and the main structure.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure and the flow direction of the cooling medium in the heat sink structure of the divertor heat sink structure of the fusion device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the outer flow channel component according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal flow channel component according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the outer flow channel component and the heat sink structure of the inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure of the fusion device divertor heat sink structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the outer flow channel component and the main structure of the inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure of the divertor heat sink structure of the fusion device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the inner flow channel component of the inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure of the divertor heat sink structure of the fusion device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the tungsten cap of the inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure of the heat sink structure of the divertor in the fusion device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure Labels

[0046] The fusion device divertor heat sink structure includes an inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure 1000; an outer flow channel component 10; an outer flow channel 101; a main outer flow channel 1011; a branch outer flow channel 1012; an outer flow channel diverter 102; an outer flow channel expansion joint 103; an inlet annular flow channel 104; an outlet annular flow channel 105; a branch connecting flow channel 106; a first adjusting washer 107; an end face groove 108; an outer shaft shoulder 109; an inner flow channel component 20; an inner flow channel 201; a main inner flow channel 2011; and a branch inner flow channel 201. 2; Copper alloy cap 202; Inner flow channel diverter 203; Inner flow channel expansion joint 204; Short pipe 205; Connecting annular flow channel 206; Second adjusting washer 207; Third adjusting washer 30; Stop clamp 40; Tungsten cap 50; Heat sink structure 2000; Cooling flow channel 21; Heat sink mounting cavity 22; Main structure 3000; Liquid outlet flow channel 31; Liquid inlet flow channel 32; Main body mounting cavity 33; First cavity 331; Second cavity 332; Bottom insertion hole 333; Shoulder 334; Fastener 4000. Detailed Implementation

[0047] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0048] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 9 The inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure 1000 of the heat sink structure of the divertor of the fusion device according to an embodiment of the present invention is described.

[0049] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, the inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure 1000 of the heat sink structure of the divertor in the fusion device of this embodiment includes an outer flow channel component 10 and an inner flow channel component 20 coaxially arranged. The outer flow channel component 10 and the inner flow channel component 20 are arranged at one side edge of the heat sink structure 2000 and are horizontally and axially floatingly installed in the spaced-apart heat sink structure 2000 and main structure 3000. It should be noted that, as Figure 1 As shown, the heat sink structure 2000 and the main structure 3000 are also connected by fasteners 4000 at multiple points. The fasteners 4000 maintain the connection between the heat sink structure 2000 and the main structure 3000, and also ensure that there is elastic adjustment space between them. This is also to offset the structural deformation that may be caused by loads under different working conditions. However, the way the heat sink structure 2000 and the main structure 3000 are connected by fasteners 4000 is not within the scope of protection of this application, and will not be described in detail here.

[0050] The connection between the inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure 1000 of the heat sink structure of the fusion device's divertor and the heat sink structure 2000 and the main structure 3000 is not rigidly fixed, but allows for slight relative movement. This allows the structure to compensate for axial displacement of the heat sink structure 2000 caused by thermal expansion or electromagnetic impact. Similarly, due to its floating design, the inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure 1000 of the fusion device's divertor heat sink structure can accommodate horizontal relative displacement between the heat sink structure 2000 and the main structure 3000 caused by differences in thermal expansion.

[0051] The internal flow channel component 20 is provided with an internal flow channel 201, which connects the outlet of the cooling flow channel 21 in the heat sink structure 2000 and the inlet of the liquid outlet flow channel 31 in the main structure 3000. The cooling flow channel 21 built into the heat sink structure 2000 can remove the heat from the plasma on the heat sink structure 2000 through the cooling medium.

[0052] An outer flow channel 101 is formed within the outer flow channel component 10 and between the outer flow channel component 10 and the inner flow channel component 20. The outer flow channel 101 is connected between the inlet of the cooling flow channel 21 and the outlet of the liquid inlet flow channel 32 in the main structure 3000.

[0053] During operation, the cooling medium flows in from the inlet channel 32 within the main structure 3000 and enters the outer channel 101. The cooling medium then reaches and enters the inlet of the cooling channel 21 inside the heat sink structure 2000 via the outer channel 101; this path is responsible for supplying the low-temperature cooling medium to the heat sink structure 2000, which bears extremely high heat loads. The heated cooling medium flowing out from the outlet of the cooling channel 21 of the heat sink structure 2000 enters the inner channel 201. The cooling medium is then guided back to the outlet channel 31 within the main structure 3000 via the inner channel 201; this path is responsible for discharging the heated cooling medium from the heat sink structure 2000. The cooling channel 21 inside the heat sink structure 2000 is connected between the outer channel 101 and the inner channel 201. The cooling medium starts from the liquid inlet channel 32, enters the cooling channel 21 of the heat sink structure 2000 through the outer channel 101, cools the heat sink structure 2000, and removes the heat from the heat sink structure 2000. Then it enters the inner channel 201 and is finally discharged from the liquid outlet channel 31, thereby achieving the cooling of the heat sink structure 2000.

[0054] The inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure 1000 of the fusion device divertor heat sink structure of this embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:

[0055] Firstly, by designing the outer flow channel component 10 and the inner flow channel component 20 as coaxial, the inlet flow channel (i.e., the outer flow channel 101) and the outlet flow channel (i.e., the inner flow channel 201) are designed as coaxial, so that the heat sink structure 2000 as a whole achieves a reasonable temperature gradient. Since the main structure 3000 and the heat sink structure 2000 are in contact for heat conduction, the main structure 3000 also achieves a reasonable temperature gradient, thereby ensuring the strength and stability of the main structure 3000.

[0056] Secondly, by designing the outer flow channel component 10 and the inner flow channel component 20 as coaxial, the overall structure of the inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure 1000 of the fusion device divertor heat sink structure in this embodiment of the invention can be compact, reducing the complex connection of external pipelines.

[0057] Third, in this embodiment of the invention, the inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure 1000 of the heat sink structure of the fusion device divertor is located on one side of the heat sink structure 2000. When space is limited, it is convenient for pipeline connection, and installation and maintenance are more convenient, reducing the difficulty of operation and maintenance costs.

[0058] Fourth, the outer flow channel component 10 and the inner flow channel component 20 together constitute a floating heat exchange structure. This floating heat exchange structure allows the overall structure to compensate for displacement deformation within a small range along the axial direction when subjected to fluctuating pulse dynamic loads such as electromagnetic forces, thereby releasing thermal stress and reducing stress concentration, which helps ensure the strength and stability of the main structure 3000. The floating heat exchange structure also allows the overall structure to compensate for displacement deformation along the planar direction when subjected to thermal loads and uneven thermal expansion of different components, thereby releasing thermal stress and reducing stress concentration, which helps ensure the strength and stability of the main structure 3000.

[0059] In summary, the inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure 1000 of the heat sink structure of the fusion device divertor in this embodiment of the invention enables the heat sink structure 2000 to achieve a reasonable temperature gradient, ensures the strength and reliability of the main structure 3000, makes the overall structure compact, reduces the complex connection of external pipelines, facilitates installation and maintenance, and reduces maintenance costs.

[0060] In some embodiments, the outer flow channel 101 includes a main outer flow channel 1011 and branch outer flow channels 1012. The main outer flow channel 1011 connects the liquid inlet flow channel 32 and the branch outer flow channels 1012. There can be multiple branch outer flow channels 1012, for example, five. A liquid inlet annular flow channel 104 is formed between the outer flow channel component 10 and the heat sink structure 2000. The liquid inlet annular flow channel 104 connects the branch outer flow channels 1012 and the inlet of the cooling flow channel 21. After entering the main outer flow channel 1011, the cooling medium is divided into multiple fluid streams through multiple branch outer flow channels 1012, increasing the flow velocity before entering the liquid inlet annular flow channel 104. The liquid inlet annular flow channel 104 allows the cooling medium to be evenly distributed in multiple parallel cooling flow channels 21, and the transition of the liquid inlet annular flow channel 104 is smooth, which can significantly reduce the frictional resistance and local resistance of the fluid.

[0061] In some embodiments, the inlet of the liquid inlet annular flow channel 104 is located on one side of the liquid inlet annular flow channel 104, and the outlet of the liquid inlet annular flow channel 104 is located on the other side of the liquid inlet annular flow channel 104, that is, the inlet and outlet of the liquid inlet annular flow channel 104 are located on opposite sides of the liquid inlet annular flow channel 104. This means that the cooling medium flows in from one side of the liquid inlet annular flow channel 104 and flows out from the other side into the cooling flow channel 21, which avoids local stagnation or eddies of the fluid in the liquid inlet annular flow channel 104.

[0062] In some embodiments, the inner flow channel 201 includes a main inner flow channel 2011 and a branch inner flow channel 2012. The main inner flow channel 2011 is connected between the liquid outlet flow channel 31 and the branch inner flow channel 2012. A liquid outlet annular flow channel 105 is also formed between the outer flow channel component 10 and the heat sink structure 2000. The outer flow channel component 10 is provided with a branch connecting flow channel 106 that is connected between the branch inner flow channel 2012 and the liquid outlet annular flow channel 105. The liquid outlet annular flow channel 105 is connected between the branch connecting flow channel 106 and the outlet of the cooling flow channel 21.

[0063] The high-temperature cooling medium flowing out from the outlet of the cooling channel 21 enters the outlet annular channel 105, and then is divided into multiple streams of fluid through multiple branch inner channels 2012 to increase the flow rate into the main inner channel 201. The outlet annular channel 105 allows the cooling medium to be evenly distributed to multiple parallel branch inner channels 2012, and the outlet annular channel 105 has a smooth transition, which can significantly reduce the frictional resistance and local resistance of the fluid.

[0064] Specifically, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, after entering the inlet annular flow channel 104, the cooling medium is divided into multiple streams to increase the flow velocity. It enters the cooling flow channel 21 on the plasma-facing side of the heat sink structure 2000 in the direction shown by the arrow, and flows through the cooling flow channel 21 in the direction of the arrow. Finally, the heated cooling medium enters the outlet annular flow channel 105 and flows out of the heat sink structure 2000. The inlet annular flow channel 104 and the outlet annular flow channel 105 are structurally coaxial.

[0065] In some embodiments, the outlet annular flow channel 105 is closer to the main structure 3000 than the inlet annular flow channel 104. This design is more reasonable and helps to achieve a reasonable temperature gradient.

[0066] In some embodiments, the inlet of the liquid outlet annular flow channel 105 is located on one side of the liquid outlet annular flow channel 105, and the outlet of the liquid outlet annular flow channel 105 is located on the other side of the liquid outlet annular flow channel 105, that is, the inlet and outlet of the liquid outlet annular flow channel 105 are located on opposite sides of the liquid outlet annular flow channel 105. This means that the cooling medium flows in from one side of the liquid outlet annular flow channel 105 and flows out from the other side, which avoids local stagnation or eddies of the fluid in the liquid outlet annular flow channel 105.

[0067] In some embodiments, a connecting annular flow channel 206 is formed between the outer flow channel component 10 and the inner flow channel component 20, and the branch connecting flow channel 106 communicates with the branch inner flow channel 2012 through the connecting annular flow channel 206. The connecting annular flow channel 206 has a smooth transition, which can significantly reduce the frictional resistance and local resistance of the fluid.

[0068] In some embodiments, the outer flow channel component 10 includes an axially connected outer flow channel deflector 102 and an outer flow channel expansion joint 103. The outer flow channel deflector 102 and the outer flow channel expansion joint 103 are respectively fixed in the heat sink mounting cavity 22 of the heat sink structure 2000 and the main body mounting cavity 33 of the main body structure 3000. The outer flow channel deflector 102 extends into the main body mounting cavity 33 with a clearance fit and is supported on the main body structure 3000 by its own outer shaft shoulder 109. There is a gap between the outer flow channel expansion joint 103 and the side wall of the main body mounting cavity 33. The outer flow channel deflector 102 is a rigid component that is supported on the main body structure 3000 by the outer shaft shoulder 109 and can slide or rotate slightly relative to the main body structure 3000. The outer flow channel expansion joint 103 serves as a flexible structure to buffer thermal expansion and contraction and vibration, and allows relative sliding in the planar direction between the heat sink structure 2000 and the main body structure 3000 within a certain swing angle range.

[0069] The inner flow channel component 20 includes a copper alloy cap 202, an inner flow channel diverter 203, an inner flow channel expansion joint 204, and a short pipe 205 connected axially in sequence. The inner flow channel diverter 203 and the short pipe 205 are respectively sealed and fixed in the outer flow channel diverter 102 and the main body mounting cavity 33. The copper alloy cap 202 is located in the heat sink mounting cavity 22, and the inner flow channel diverter 203 and the inner flow channel expansion joint 204 extend into the outer flow channel expansion joint 103. The inner flow channel diverter 203 is a rigid component that can undergo slight sliding or rotation. The inner flow channel expansion joint 204 serves as a flexible structure to buffer thermal expansion and contraction and vibration, and allows relative sliding along the plane between the heat sink structure 2000 and the main body structure 3000 within a certain swing angle range. The copper alloy cap 202 directly faces the high-temperature area and has certain thermal conductivity and heat resistance. The short tube 205 is used to be embedded in the bottom insertion hole 333 of the main structure 3000 to connect to the liquid outlet channel 31.

[0070] An outer flow channel 101 is formed between the outer sides of the inner flow channel diverter 203, the inner flow channel expansion joint 204, and the short pipe 205, and between the inner sides of the outer flow channel diverter 102 and the expansion joint 103, as well as within the outer flow channel diverter 102. An inner flow channel 201 is formed inside the inner flow channel diverter 203, the inner flow channel expansion joint 204, and the short pipe 205. Therefore, the inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure 1000 of the fusion device divertor heat sink structure of this embodiment has the following advantages: by designing the outer flow channel component 10 and the inner flow channel component 20 as coaxial, the inlet flow channel (i.e., the outer flow channel 101) and the outlet flow channel (i.e., the inner flow channel 201) are coaxially designed, enabling the heat sink structure 2000 to achieve a reasonable temperature gradient. Since the main structure 3000 and the heat sink structure 2000 are in contact for heat conduction, the main structure 3000 also achieves a reasonable temperature gradient, thereby ensuring the strength and stability of the main structure 3000. By using the coaxial design of the outer flow channel component 10 and the inner flow channel component 20, the overall structure of the inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure 1000 of the fusion device divertor heat sink structure in this embodiment of the invention can be made more compact, reducing the complexity of external pipeline connections. This facilitates pipeline docking when space is limited, makes installation and maintenance more convenient, and reduces operating difficulty and maintenance costs. The outer flow channel component 10 and the inner flow channel component 20 constitute a floating heat exchange structure. The outer flow channel deflector 102 extends into the main body mounting cavity 33 with a clearance fit and is supported on the main body structure 3000 by its own outer shaft shoulder 109. There is a gap between the outer flow channel expansion joint 103 and the side wall of the main body mounting cavity 33, which allows the outer flow channel component 10 to have slight horizontal and axial movement. At the same time, the inner flow channel component 20 is provided with an inner flow channel expansion joint 204, which allows the inner flow channel component 20 to have slight horizontal and axial movement. This can cope with structural deformation and stress concentration caused by load fluctuations and thermal loads. Specifically, when the overall structure is subjected to fluctuating pulse dynamic loads such as electromagnetic forces, it can compensate for displacement deformation in a small range along the axial direction to release thermal stress and reduce stress concentration, which is beneficial to ensuring the strength and stability of the main body structure 3000. At the same time, when the overall structure is subjected to thermal loads and different components expand unevenly due to heat, it can compensate for displacement deformation in the planar direction to release thermal stress and reduce stress concentration, which is beneficial to ensuring the strength and stability of the main body structure 3000.

[0071] In some embodiments, the outer flow channel component 10 and the inner flow channel component 20 are connected by a thread on the side of the connecting annular flow channel 206 away from the copper alloy cap 202 in the axial direction, and are connected by welding on the other side of the connecting annular flow channel 206 closer to the copper alloy cap 202 in the axial direction. This facilitates the installation and fixing of the inner flow channel component 20 and the outer flow channel component 10, as well as the main structure 3000, and reduces the number of welds and welding deformation.

[0072] In some embodiments, the main mounting cavity 33 includes a first cavity 331, a second cavity 332, and a bottom insertion hole 333 connected axially; the second cavity 332 is located axially between the first cavity 331 and the bottom insertion hole 333, the inner diameter of the first cavity 331 is larger than the inner diameter of the second cavity 332, the inner diameter of the second cavity 332 is larger than the inner diameter of the bottom insertion hole 333, the bottom insertion hole 333 communicates with the outlet of the liquid outlet channel 31, a shoulder 334 is formed between the first cavity 331 and the second cavity 332, the outer channel expansion joint 103 is welded to the shoulder 334 at the end away from the outer channel diverter 102, the short tube 205 is sealed and inserted into the bottom insertion hole 333, and the short tube 205 and the wall of the bottom insertion hole 333 are frictionally sealed; the outlet of the liquid inlet channel 32 is located on the wall of the second cavity 332.

[0073] In some embodiments, the outer flow channel diverter 102 is provided with branch outer flow channels 1012, for example, five branch outer flow channels 1012 are provided on one side of the outer flow channel diverter 102; the inner flow channel diverter 203 is provided with branch inner flow channels 2012, for example, five branch inner flow channels 2012 are provided on one side of the inner flow channel diverter 203.

[0074] In some embodiments, an inlet annular flow channel 104 and an outlet annular flow channel 105 are formed between the outer flow channel deflector 102 and the heat sink structure 2000. The inlet annular flow channel 104 is closer to the plasma-facing surface of the heat sink structure 2000 than the outlet annular flow channel 105. The reasonable arrangement of the inlet annular flow channel 104 and the outlet annular flow channel 105 is beneficial for achieving a reasonable temperature gradient.

[0075] In some embodiments, the outer flow channel diverter 102 is welded and fixed to the heat sink structure 2000 via a first adjusting washer 107. The first adjusting washer 107 is distributed on both axial sides of the outlet annular flow channel 105 and on the inner side of the inlet annular flow channel 104. The first adjusting washer 107 located on one axial side of the inlet annular flow channel 104 is also located between the inlet annular flow channel 104 and the outlet annular flow channel 105. By setting the first adjusting washer 107, it is beneficial to control the assembly tolerance between the outer flow channel diverter 102 and the heat sink structure 2000, and to facilitate the maintenance and reuse of the heat sink structure 2000, the main structure 3000, and complex parts.

[0076] In some embodiments, the copper alloy cap 202 is axially welded to the inner flow channel diverter 203 via a second adjusting washer 207. The second adjusting washer 207 ensures the installation accuracy of the copper alloy cap 202, compensates for machining tolerances, and guarantees the stability and reliability of the connection.

[0077] In some embodiments, the system further includes a stop clamp 40, a tungsten cap 50, and a third adjusting washer 30; the outer flow channel component 10 has an end face groove 108 on its end face located in the heat sink structure 2000; the stop clamp 40 is installed in the heat sink mounting cavity 22, and the outer peripheral surface of the stop clamp 40 abuts against the peripheral wall of the heat sink mounting cavity 22, the inner peripheral wall of the first adjusting washer 107 located inside the liquid inlet annular flow channel 104, and the peripheral wall and bottom of the end face groove 108; the stop clamp 40 is engaged with the outer flow channel deflector 102, for example, The stop clamp 40 is embedded in the circumferential groove in the heat sink structure 2000 through an elastic structure, thereby achieving a tight fit with the heat sink structure 2000; the third adjusting washer 30 is welded to the bottom of the end face groove 108; the tungsten cap 50 is placed between the stop clamp 40 and the copper alloy cap 202 and abuts against the end face of the third adjusting washer 30 to adjust the position and tightness of the stop clamp 40 and the tungsten cap 50; the tungsten cap 50 is placed in the annular space between the heat sink structure 2000 and the copper alloy cap 202, and locks with the stop clamp 40 after rotation.

[0078] The elastic structure at the end of the stop clamp 40 is embedded in the circumferential slot within the heat sink structure 2000 for clamping. The elastic deformation of the stop clamp 40 provides clamping force while allowing for minor displacement. Its main function is to achieve circumferential and radial limiting, thereby preventing component rotation or large-scale movement. The third adjusting washer 30 is welded to the bottom of the end face groove 108, providing a precise axial reference surface for the entire locking mechanism and compensating for machining tolerances. The tungsten cap 50 is wear-resistant and high-temperature resistant, protecting the structure below it. The tungsten cap 50 locks with the stop clamp 40 after rotation. The stop clamp 40 provides flexible constraint, allowing axial thermal expansion, while the rotationally locked tungsten cap 50 connects the entire top assembly as a whole, resisting vibration and impact caused by plasma disturbance. In some embodiments, the installation method of the inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure 1000 of the fusion device divertor heat sink structure of this embodiment of the invention includes:

[0079] like Figure 6 As shown, the outer flow channel diverter 102 is welded to the heat sink structure 2000 via the first adjusting washer 107, and the outer flow channel expansion joint 103 is welded to the outer flow channel diverter 102.

[0080] like Figure 7 As shown, the heat sink structure 2000 is assembled with the main structure 3000, wherein the end of the outer flow channel expansion joint 103 away from the outer flow channel diverter 102 is welded to the shoulder 334 of the main body mounting cavity 33.

[0081] like Figure 8As shown, insert the short pipe 205 on the inner flow channel component 20 into the bottom insertion hole 333, and thread the inner flow channel diverter 203 and the outer flow channel diverter 102 together. Weld the inner flow channel diverter 203 and the outer flow channel diverter 102 together, weld the third adjusting washer 30 to the bottom of the end face groove 108, and then install the stop clamp 40.

[0082] like Figure 9 As shown, install the tungsten cap 50.

[0083] After the inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure 1000 of the heat sink structure of the fusion device divertor is installed, the relative position of the heat sink structure 2000 and the main structure 3000 is determined. When subjected to plasma rupture and displacement, the heat sink structure 2000 is subjected to an axially upward electromagnetic force. The heat sink structure 2000 vibrates under the constraint of the fastening structure, and its vibration range is limited, thereby buffering the influence of electromagnetic load on the structure. At this time, the floating head structure of the cooling channel 21 undergoes elastic deformation to compensate for this displacement range. Due to the large size of the components, the first adjusting washer 107, the second adjusting washer 207, and the third adjusting washer 30 are used to adjust the deviation between the fastener shaft and the hole caused by deformation during processing and manufacturing, ensuring reliable connection and stability. There is a gap between the heat sink structure 2000 and the main structure 3000 to control the temperature rise of the main structure 3000. The connection between the heat sink structure 2000 and the main structure 3000 in this embodiment of the invention is easy to install, inspect, and replace parts while meeting the requirements of safety and reliability.

[0084] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coaxial inlet and outlet cooling structure for a heat sink in a divertor of a fusion device, characterized in that, It includes an outer flow channel component and an inner flow channel component arranged coaxially; the outer flow channel component and the inner flow channel component are arranged at one side edge of the heat sink structure and can be horizontally and axially floated in the spaced-apart heat sink structure and main structure; The internal flow channel component is provided with an internal flow channel, which is connected between the outlet of the cooling flow channel in the heat sink structure and the inlet of the liquid outlet flow channel in the main structure. An external flow channel is formed within the external flow channel component and between the external flow channel component and the internal flow channel component. The external flow channel is connected between the inlet of the cooling flow channel and the outlet of the liquid inlet flow channel in the main structure.

2. The inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure of the heat sink structure for the divertor of the fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The external flow channel includes a main external flow channel and a branch external flow channel. The main external flow channel is connected between the liquid inlet flow channel and the branch external flow channel. An annular liquid inlet flow channel is formed between the external flow channel component and the heat sink structure. The annular liquid inlet flow channel is connected between the inlet of the branch external flow channel and the inlet of the cooling flow channel.

3. The inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure of the heat sink structure for the divertor of the fusion device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inlet of the liquid inlet annular flow channel is located on one side of the liquid inlet annular flow channel, and the outlet of the liquid inlet annular flow channel is located on the other side of the liquid inlet annular flow channel.

4. The inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure of the heat sink structure of the divertor in a fusion device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The inner flow channel includes a main inner flow channel and a branch inner flow channel, the main inner flow channel being connected between the liquid outlet flow channel and the branch inner flow channel; a liquid outlet annular flow channel is also formed between the outer flow channel component and the heat sink structure, the outer flow channel component is provided with a branch connecting flow channel corresponding to the branch inner flow channel and the liquid outlet annular flow channel, and the liquid outlet annular flow channel is connected between the branch connecting flow channel and the outlet of the cooling flow channel.

5. The inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure of the heat sink structure for the divertor of the fusion device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The liquid outlet annular flow channel is closer to the main structure than the liquid inlet annular flow channel.

6. The inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure of the heat sink structure of the divertor in the fusion device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inlet of the liquid outlet annular flow channel is located on one side of the liquid outlet annular flow channel, and the outlet of the liquid outlet annular flow channel is located on the other side of the liquid outlet annular flow channel.

7. The inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure of the heat sink structure for the divertor of the fusion device according to claim 4, characterized in that, A connecting annular flow channel is formed between the outer flow channel component and the inner flow channel component, and the branch connecting flow channel is connected to the branch inner flow channel through the connecting annular flow channel.

8. The inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure of the heat sink structure for the divertor of the fusion device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The outer flow channel component includes an outer flow channel deflector and an outer flow channel expansion joint connected axially; the outer flow channel deflector and the outer flow channel expansion joint are respectively fixed in the heat sink mounting cavity of the heat sink structure and the main body mounting cavity of the main body structure; the outer flow channel deflector extends into the main body mounting cavity with clearance fit and is supported on the main body structure by its own outer shoulder; there is a gap between the outer flow channel expansion joint and the side wall of the main body mounting cavity; The inner flow channel component includes a copper alloy cap, an inner flow channel diverter, an inner flow channel expansion joint, and a short pipe connected axially in sequence; the inner flow channel diverter and the short pipe are respectively sealed and fixed in the outer flow channel diverter and the main body mounting cavity, the copper alloy cap is located in the heat sink mounting cavity, and the inner flow channel diverter and the inner flow channel expansion joint extend into the outer flow channel expansion joint; The outer flow channel is formed between the outer side of the inner flow channel diverter, the outer flow channel expansion joint, and the short pipe, and the inner side of the outer flow channel diverter and the expansion joint, as well as inside the outer flow channel diverter; the inner flow channel is formed inside the inner flow channel diverter, the inner flow channel expansion joint, and the short pipe.

9. The inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure of the heat sink structure for the divertor of the fusion device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The outer flow channel component and the inner flow channel component are connected by a thread on the side away from the copper alloy cap in the axial direction of the connecting annular flow channel, and the outer flow channel component and the inner flow channel component are connected by a weld on the other side near the copper alloy cap in the axial direction of the connecting annular flow channel.

10. The inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure of the heat sink structure for the divertor of the fusion device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The main mounting cavity includes a first cavity, a second cavity, and a bottom insertion hole that are axially connected; the second cavity is located axially between the first cavity and the bottom insertion hole, the inner diameter of the first cavity is larger than the inner diameter of the second cavity, the inner diameter of the second cavity is larger than the inner diameter of the bottom insertion hole, the bottom insertion hole communicates with the outlet of the liquid outlet channel, a shoulder is formed between the first cavity and the second cavity, the outer channel expansion joint is welded to the shoulder at the end away from the outer channel deflector, and the short pipe is sealed and embedded in the bottom insertion hole; the outlet of the liquid inlet channel is located on the wall of the second cavity.

11. The inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure of the heat sink structure for the divertor of the fusion device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The outer flow channel deflector is provided with the branch outer flow channel, and the inner flow channel deflector is provided with the branch inner flow channel.

12. The inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure of the heat sink structure for the divertor of the fusion device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The inlet annular flow channel and the outlet annular flow channel are formed between the outer flow channel deflector and the heat sink structure, with the inlet annular flow channel being closer to the plasma-facing surface of the heat sink structure than the outlet annular flow channel.

13. The inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure of the heat sink structure for the divertor of the fusion device according to claim 10, characterized in that, The external flow channel deflector is welded and fixed to the heat sink structure by a first adjusting washer. The first adjusting washer is distributed on both sides of the liquid outlet annular flow channel and on the inner side of the liquid inlet annular flow channel. The first adjusting washer located on one side of the liquid inlet annular flow channel is also located between the liquid inlet annular flow channel and the liquid outlet annular flow channel.

14. The inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure of the heat sink structure for the divertor of the fusion device according to claim 13, characterized in that, The copper alloy cap is axially welded to the inner flow channel steering gear via a second adjusting washer.

15. The inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure of the heat sink structure for the divertor of the fusion device according to claim 14, characterized in that, It also includes a stop clamp, a tungsten cap, and a third adjusting washer; the outer flow channel component has an end face groove on its end face located in the heat sink structure; the stop clamp is installed in the heat sink mounting cavity, the outer peripheral surface of the stop clamp abuts against the peripheral wall of the heat sink mounting cavity, the inner peripheral wall of the first adjusting washer located inside the liquid inlet annular flow channel, and the peripheral wall and bottom of the end face groove, and the stop clamp is locked with the outer flow channel deflector; the third adjusting washer is welded to the bottom of the end face groove, the tungsten cap is disposed between the stop clamp and the copper alloy cap and abuts against the end face of the third adjusting washer, the tungsten cap is disposed in the annular space between the heat sink structure and the copper alloy cap, and locks with the stop clamp after rotation.

16. The inlet and outlet coaxial cooling structure of the heat sink structure for the divertor of the fusion device according to claim 15, characterized in that, Its installation methods include: The outer flow channel steering gear is welded to the heat sink structure through the first adjusting washer, and the outer flow channel expansion joint is welded to the outer flow channel steering gear; The heat sink structure is assembled with the main body structure, wherein the end of the outer flow channel expansion joint away from the outer flow channel deflector is welded to the shoulder of the main body mounting cavity; Insert the short tube on the inner flow channel component into the bottom insertion hole, and thread the inner flow channel deflector and the outer flow channel deflector together. Weld the inner flow channel deflector and the outer flow channel deflector together. Weld the third adjusting washer to the bottom of the end face groove. Then install the stop clamp. Install the tungsten cap.

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