Automatic turning device

Abstract

An automatic turning machining device comprises a workpiece intermittent feeding device, and the workpiece intermittent feeding device comprises a driving source, a cam mechanism driven by the driving source, a rotating disc mechanism provided with a plurality of stations and an elastic element used for resetting the cam mechanism; the automatic center device comprises a center driving source, a transmission mechanism and a center; the transmission mechanism is used for converting rotary motion into linear motion; the center is driven by the transmission mechanism to linearly move; the tip is used for jacking a workpiece conveyed by the turntable mechanism at a processing station; the improved tool feeding device comprises a tool driving source, a variable-diameter worm driven by the tool driving source, a tool rest assembly meshed with the variable-diameter worm and driven by the variable-diameter worm, and an elastic pressing mechanism enabling the tool rest assembly to be meshed with the variable-diameter worm.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a turning device, in particular to an automatic turning device. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of mechanical manufacturing, the automation of turning is an important development direction to improve production efficiency and stability. At present, the mainstream scheme to realize turning automation is to use an integrated system of "numerical control machine tool combined with industrial robot". In this system, the industrial robot is responsible for the grabbing, carrying and feeding of the workpiece, and the numerical control system controls the start and stop of the spindle and the precise motion trajectory of the tool holder.

[0003] However, this prior art scheme has several obvious defects in actual popularization and application, especially in small and medium-sized production scenes: first, the cost of the whole system is high. The industrial robot itself, high-precision numerical control system, servo driver and supporting sensors, safety fence and other auxiliary equipment result in huge initial investment. In addition, the system's later maintenance, software upgrade and professional operator training further increase the operating cost. Second, the system structure and control are too complex. This scheme deeply integrates mechanical engineering, electrical control, computer software and sensing technology, forming a complex mechatronic system. This complexity brings many potential fault points, making the installation and debugging period of the equipment long, the fault diagnosis and maintenance difficult, and puts high requirements on the technical strength of the using unit. Third, for some specific machining processes, such as turning a conical surface or a complex surface by synchronously feeding in the axial and radial directions, this scheme is not the optimal solution. Although such machining can be realized through multi-axis numerical control interpolation function, the programming is complex, and the control system needs to perform a large number of real-time operations, so the dynamic response performance may become a bottleneck, and it is impossible to achieve efficient compound cutting in the most direct and economical way. Finally, the cost performance of its feeding scheme needs to be improved. For regular workpiece processing lines with large quantities and fixed beats, the industrial robot with strong general functionality performs simple feeding operation, and its powerful flexibility function cannot be fully utilized, resulting in low equipment investment return rate and a waste of resources.

[0004] Therefore, there is a lack of a solution in the prior art that can effectively avoid the above-mentioned defects and is designed for efficient and low-cost automatic turning. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art and provide an automatic turning device with simple structure, low cost, reliable operation and efficient realization of bidirectional synchronous turning.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0007] An automatic turning device comprises:

[0008] A workpiece intermittent feeding device comprises a driving source, a cam mechanism driven by the driving source, a rotary disc mechanism provided with a plurality of work stations, and an elastic element for resetting the cam mechanism; the cam mechanism selectively engages with the rotary disc mechanism to control intermittent rotation of the rotary disc mechanism, thereby realizing workpiece conveying;

[0009] An automatic center device comprises a center driving source, a transmission mechanism for converting rotary motion into linear motion, and a center driven by the transmission mechanism to move linearly; the center is used to clamp a workpiece conveyed by the rotary disc mechanism at a machining station;

[0010] An improved tool feeding device comprises a tool driving source, a variable-diameter worm driven by the tool driving source, a tool holder assembly engaged with and driven by the variable-diameter worm, and an elastic compression mechanism for keeping the tool holder assembly engaged with the variable-diameter worm; the tool holder assembly simultaneously performs compound axial and radial motion under the drive of the variable-diameter worm to drive the tool to turn the workpiece.

[0011] The cam mechanism comprises a cam and a cam lever, one side of the cam lever is hinged to a fixed block, and the other side is provided with a hook portion;

[0012] The rotary disc mechanism comprises a slotted rotary disc and a rotary disc with rods, the slotted rotary disc is provided with a plurality of inclined slots matched with the hook portions, and the rotary disc with rods is provided with a plurality of rod barriers for accommodating workpieces;

[0013] The elastic element is a tension spring, which acts on the cam lever to make the hook portion have a tendency to be clamped into the inclined slots.

[0014] The workpiece intermittent feeding device further comprises a workpiece guide rail provided with a slope, and workpieces slide along the workpiece guide rail under the action of gravity and push the rotary disc with rods to rotate.

[0015] The transmission mechanism of the automatic center device comprises:

[0016] A rotating member connected with the center driving source and coaxially rotating with a middle shaft;

[0017] A shaft sleeve ball seat assembled on the outer surface of the middle shaft;

[0018] A center ball connecting rod, one end of which is connected with the shaft sleeve ball seat through a spherical pair, and the other end is hinged to a shaft sleeve sliding block;

[0019] The sleeve slider is connected with the center and moves on the linear slide rail; the rotation of the rotating part is converted into the linear movement of the sleeve slider through the top ball connecting rod.

[0020] The top ball connecting rod forms a rotating pair with the sleeve slider through a cylindrical pin.

[0021] The tool holder assembly of the improved tool feeding device comprises:

[0022] The horizontal rod of the T-shaped bracket set forms a sliding pair with a fixed support;

[0023] The vertical rod of the T-shaped bracket forms a sliding pair with the T-shaped bracket set, and the end of the vertical rod is provided with the tool;

[0024] The roller is arranged on the T-shaped bracket through a roller shaft and engages with the tooth surface of the variable-diameter worm.

[0025] The elastic compression mechanism comprises an upper spring seat, a lower spring seat and a compression spring, the upper spring seat and the lower spring seat are fixed to the roller shaft and the T-shaped bracket set respectively, and the compression spring is located between the upper spring seat and the lower spring seat to provide the roller with a compression force towards the variable-diameter worm.

[0026] The roller rolls along the spiral line of the variable-diameter worm, and drives the T-shaped bracket to move axially and radially through the sliding cooperation of the T-shaped bracket set and the T-shaped bracket.

[0027] The workpiece intermittent feeding device, the automatic center device and the improved tool feeding device are all installed on a main shaft box.

[0028] The sleeve ball seat is a self-lubricating sleeve ball seat.

[0029] Reference signs

[0030] 1-main shaft box; 2-center; 3-slide rail; 4-sleeve slider; 5-T-shaped bracket; 6-cylindrical pin; 7-T-shaped bracket set; 8-protruding rod; 9-roller; 10-variable-diameter worm; 11-fixed support; 12-top ball connecting rod; 13-self-lubricating sleeve ball seat; 14-workpiece; 15-blocking rod; 16-workpiece guide rail; 17-slotted turntable; 18-support; 19-motor support; 20-motor; 21-rotating part; 22-coupling; 23-middle shaft; 24-steel ball; 25-cam; 26-hook; 27-protrusion; 28-inclined slot; 29-tension spring; 30-tension spring fixing seat; 31-rotating shaft; 32-axle seat; 33-turntable fixing block; 34-tension spring fixing pin; 35-protruding rod fixing block; 36-rod-equipped turntable; 37-workpiece support; 38-threaded tool bit; 39-roller shaft; 40-upper compression spring seat; 41-compression spring; 42-lower compression spring seat; long shaft-43 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the automated turning apparatus of this application;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the automatic centering device of this application;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the intermittent workpiece feeding device of this application;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a partial schematic diagram of the tension spring mechanism of the intermittent workpiece feeding device of this application;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a partial schematic diagram of the fixing component of the intermittent workpiece feeding device of this application;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the improved tool feed device of this application;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the cam mechanism of the intermittent workpiece feeding device of this application;

[0038] Figure 8 This is a partial schematic diagram of the feeding mechanism of the intermittent workpiece feeding device of this application;

[0039] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the improved tool feed device roller and worm gear mating structure of this application;

[0040] Figure 10 This is a partial schematic diagram of the elastic clamping mechanism of the improved tool feed device in this application;

[0041] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the long shaft and bearing support structure of the intermittent workpiece feeding device of this application;

[0042] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the coordinated operation of the automated turning apparatus of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0044] This invention provides an automated turning apparatus, such as... Figure 1 As shown, its overall structure includes an intermittent workpiece feeding device, an automatic centering device, and an improved tool feed device. These devices are all mounted on the spindle box 1 to realize automatic workpiece feeding, clamping, and turning. Each device will be described in detail below.

[0045] Workpiece intermittent feeding device

[0046] The workpiece intermittent feeding device is used for realizing intermittent feeding of workpieces, and has a structure as shown in Figure 1 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 and Figure 11 . The device comprises a driving source (such as a motor 20), a cam mechanism driven by the driving source, a rotating disc mechanism provided with multiple work stations, and an elastic element (tension spring 29) for resetting the cam mechanism. The cam mechanism selectively engages with the rotating disc mechanism to control intermittent rotation of the rotating disc mechanism.

[0047] Specifically, the cam mechanism comprises a cam 25 and a cam lever 8. The cam lever 8 is hinged at one side to a cam lever fixing block 35 to form a rotation fulcrum, and is provided at the other side with a hook portion 26. The rotating disc mechanism comprises a slotted rotating disc 17 and a rotating disc with rods 36, the slotted rotating disc 17 is provided with multiple inclined slots 28 (for example, 4 equal inclined slots) which cooperate with the hook portion 26, and the rotating disc with rods 36 is provided with multiple blocking rods 15 for accommodating workpieces 14. The elastic element is a tension spring 29, one end of which is fixed to a tension spring fixing seat 30, and the other end is fixed to a tension spring fixing pin 34 which is arranged on the cam lever 8. The tension spring 29 acts on the cam lever 8 to make the hook portion 26 have a tendency to be clamped into the inclined slot 28.

[0048] The workpiece intermittent feeding device further comprises a workpiece guide rail 16 provided with a slope, and the workpiece 14 slides along the workpiece guide rail 16 under the action of gravity and pushes the rotating disc with rods 36 to rotate. The slotted rotating disc 17 and the rotating disc with rods 36 are rigidly connected through a long shaft 43 to realize coaxial rotation, and the long shaft 43 is supported at both ends by angular contact bearings on a rotating disc fixing block 33. The motor 20 is connected to a rotating shaft 31 through a coupling 22, and the cam 25 is coaxially fixed to the rotating shaft 31.

[0049] The movement process is as follows: in the initial state, the hook portion 26 of the cam lever 8 is clamped in the inclined slot 28 of the slotted rotating disc 17, and the blocking rod 15 blocks the workpiece 14 in the standby position. After the motor 20 is started, the rotating shaft 31 drives the cam 25 to rotate, the protrusion 27 of the cam 25 contacts the protrusion of the cam lever 8, and the cam lever 8 is pushed to move outward, so that the hook portion 26 is released from the current inclined slot 28. The slotted rotating disc 17, which loses the locking, starts to rotate under the pushing of the workpiece 14, and the workpiece 14 slides along the workpiece guide rail 16 into a workpiece support 37. When the rotating disc rotates, the hook portion 26 of the cam lever 8 slides along the outer edge of the slotted rotating disc 17 and is automatically clamped into the next inclined slot 28 under the action of the tension spring 29. The rotating disc with rods 36 synchronously rotates by one quarter of a circle to make the subsequent workpiece 14 accurately fall between the adjacent two blocking rods 15, thereby realizing intermittent feeding of the workpieces.

[0050] Automatic centering device

[0051] The automatic centering device is used to center a workpiece in a machining station. The structure is shown in Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 12 . The device includes a centering drive source (such as motor 20), a transmission mechanism that converts rotary motion into linear motion, and a centering pin 2 that is driven by the transmission mechanism to move linearly.

[0052] The transmission mechanism includes a rotating member 21 that is connected to the centering drive source and rotates coaxially with a central shaft 23, a self-lubricating bushing ball seat 13 that is assembled to the outer surface of the central shaft 23, a centering ball link 12, and a bushing slider 4. One end of the centering ball link 12 is connected to the self-lubricating bushing ball seat 13 via a spherical pair (using a steel ball 24), and the other end is hinged to the bushing slider 4 via a cylindrical pin 6, forming a rotary pair. The bushing slider 4 is connected to the centering pin 2 and moves on a linear slide rail 3. The rotation of the rotating member 21 is converted into linear motion of the bushing slider 4 by the centering ball link 12.

[0053] The specific connection relationship is as follows: the motor 20 is fixed to a motor bracket 19, and the motor output shaft is rigidly connected to the driving side rotating member 21 via a shaft coupling 22. The central shaft 23 rotates coaxially with the rotating member 21 via a transition fit. The self-lubricating bushing ball seat 13 is assembled to the outer surface of the central shaft 23, and the steel ball 24 at one end of the centering ball link 12 is connected to the spherical pair of the self-lubricating bushing ball seat 13.

[0054] The motion process is as follows: after the workpiece 14 is in place, the motor 20 drives the rotating member 21 to rotate relative to the central shaft 23. The rotating member 21 drives the self-lubricating bushing ball seat 13 to swing, thereby driving the centering ball link 12 to swing. The centering ball link 12 pushes the bushing slider 4 to move forward along the linear slide rail 3, converting the rotary motion into linear motion of the centering pin 2. When the bushing slider 4 moves to the end of the stroke, the centering pin 2 completes the positioning and clamping of the workpiece 14.

[0055] Improved tool feeding device

[0056] The improved tool feeding device is used to drive a tool to perform turning machining on a workpiece. The structure is shown in Figure 1 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 9 、 Figure 10 and Figure 12 . The device includes a tool drive source (such as motor 20), a variable-diameter worm 10 driven by the tool drive source, a tool holder assembly that meshes with and is driven by the variable-diameter worm 10, and an elastic pressing mechanism that keeps the tool holder assembly in mesh with the variable-diameter worm 10. The tool holder assembly simultaneously performs composite axial and radial motion under the drive of the variable-diameter worm 10.

[0057] The tool holder assembly includes a T-shaped holder sleeve 7, a T-shaped holder 5 and a roller 9. The horizontal rod of the T-shaped holder sleeve 7 forms a sliding pair with the fixed support 11, and the vertical rod of the T-shaped holder 5 forms a sliding pair with the T-shaped holder sleeve 7. The T-shaped holder 5 is provided with a tool (e.g., a threaded tool head 38) at the end thereof. The roller 9 is arranged on the T-shaped holder 5 through a roller shaft 39 and is engaged with the tooth surface of the variable-diameter worm 10.

[0058] The elastic compression mechanism includes an upper spring seat 40, a lower spring seat 42 and a compression spring 41. The upper spring seat 40 and the lower spring seat 42 are fixed to the roller shaft 39 and the T-shaped holder sleeve 7 respectively, and the compression spring 41 is located between the two, providing a compression force for the roller 9 towards the variable-diameter worm 10, ensuring that the roller 9 is always in contact with the tooth surface of the variable-diameter worm 10.

[0059] Specific connection relationship: the motor 20 is fixed to the motor support 19, and the motor output shaft is rigidly connected to the variable-diameter worm 10 through a shaft coupling 22. The variable-diameter worm 10 passes through the fixed support 11 and can rotate but cannot translate. The vertical rod of the T-shaped holder 5 passes through the T-shaped holder sleeve 7 to form a sliding pair, and the horizontal rod of the T-shaped holder sleeve 7 passes through the fixed support 11 to form a sliding pair.

[0060] The movement process is as follows: when the motor 20 drives the variable-diameter worm 10 to rotate, the compression spring 41 keeps the roller 9 in contact with the tooth surface of the variable-diameter worm 10. The roller 9 rolls along the spiral line of the variable-diameter worm 10, and through the sliding fit of the T-shaped holder sleeve 7 and the T-shaped holder 5, it drives the T-shaped holder 5 to move axially and radially at the same time. The change in diameter of the variable-diameter worm 10 causes the tool to move radially, and the spiral line characteristic simultaneously drives the axial feed. When the variable-diameter worm 10 completes one rotation, the tool realizes a compound feed motion in the radial and axial directions, thereby turning the workpiece 14.

[0061] Cooperative working process

[0062] The cooperative working process of the entire automatic turning machining device is shown in Figure 12 The workpiece intermittent feeding device delivers the workpiece 14 to the machining station, the automatic centering device centers the workpiece 14 through the center 2, and the improved tool feeding device drives the tool to complete the turning through a compound motion. All devices are integrated on the spindle box 1, which is compact in structure and reliable in operation.

[0063] Other details

[0064] The self-lubricating bushing ball seat 13 (as shown in Figure 2 is made of self-lubricating material, reducing wear and maintenance requirements.

[0065] The slope design of the workpiece guide rail 16 utilizes gravity to achieve automatic sliding of the workpiece, simplifying the driving mechanism.

[0066] The elastic pressing mechanism ensures stable engagement between the tool holder assembly and the variable-diameter worm 10, improving machining accuracy.

[0067] The automatic turning device further comprises a spindle driving mechanism. The spindle driving mechanism is arranged opposite to the tailstock 2, and is used to clamp and drive the workpiece to rotate from the end of the workpiece 14 away from the tailstock 2. The workpiece support 37 is used for preliminary positioning of the workpiece during workpiece loading.

[0068] During operation, the workpiece 14 is first preliminarily positioned on the workpiece support 37, and then the spindle driving mechanism is actuated to clamp and drive the workpiece to rotate at one end. At the same time, the tailstock advances and clamps the other end of the workpiece. In this way, the workpiece is stably supported and driven for turning machining by the tool.

[0069] The above-described embodiments are only further descriptions of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application in other forms. The present application can have other various embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various corresponding modifications and changes to the present application without departing from the spirit and essence of the present application, and these corresponding modifications and changes shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An automated turning apparatus, characterized in that, include: A workpiece intermittent feeding device includes a drive source, a cam mechanism driven by the drive source, a turntable mechanism with multiple stations, and an elastic element for resetting the cam mechanism; the cam mechanism selectively engages with the turntable mechanism to control the turntable mechanism to rotate intermittently, thereby realizing the conveying of workpieces; An automatic centering device includes a centering drive source, a transmission mechanism that converts rotary motion into linear motion, and a center that is driven by the transmission mechanism to move linearly; the center is used to press against a workpiece conveyed by the turntable mechanism at a machining station. An improved tool feed device is provided, comprising a tool drive source, a variable diameter worm gear driven by the tool drive source, a tool post assembly meshing with and driven by the variable diameter worm gear, and an elastic clamping mechanism for maintaining the tool post assembly meshing with the variable diameter worm gear; the tool post assembly, driven by the variable diameter worm gear, simultaneously performs a combined axial and radial motion to drive the tool to perform turning machining on the workpiece.

2. The automated turning apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the intermittent workpiece feeding device: The cam mechanism includes a cam and a cam rod, one side of which is hinged to a fixed block, and the other side is provided with a hook. The turntable mechanism includes a slotted turntable and a rod turntable. The slotted turntable has multiple oblique slots that cooperate with the hook, and the rod turntable has multiple bars for accommodating the workpiece. The elastic element is a tension spring, which acts on the protruding rod, causing the hook to tend to engage with the oblique groove.

3. The automated turning apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The intermittent workpiece feeding device also includes a workpiece guide rail with an inclination. The workpiece slides along the workpiece guide rail under the action of gravity and pushes the rod turntable to rotate.

4. The automated turning apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission mechanism of the automatic centering device includes: A rotating component connected to the top drive source and rotating coaxially with the central axis; A bushing ball seat assembled on the outer surface of the central shaft; The ball joint has one end connected to the ball seat of the bushing via a spherical pair, and the other end hinged to a bushing slider. The bushing slider is connected to the center point and moves on a linear slide rail; the rotation of the rotating component is converted into the linear movement of the bushing slider through the ball joint.

5. The automated turning apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The rotation of the rotating component is achieved by the swinging of the bushing ball seat through the central shaft, and the top ball connecting rod forms a rotating pair with the bushing slider through the cylindrical pin.

6. The automated turning apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tool holder assembly of the improved tool feed device includes: The T-shaped frame sleeve has a horizontal bar that forms a sliding pair with a fixed support; The T-shaped frame has a vertical rod that forms a sliding pair with the T-shaped frame sleeve, and the cutter is provided at its end; The roller is mounted on the T-shaped frame via a roller shaft and meshes with the tooth surface of the variable diameter worm.

7. The automated turning apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The elastic clamping mechanism includes an upper spring seat, a lower spring seat, and a compression spring. The upper spring seat and the lower spring seat are respectively fixed to the roller shaft and the T-shaped frame sleeve, and the compression spring is located between the two to provide the roller with a clamping force toward the variable diameter worm gear.

8. The automated turning apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The roller rolls along the spiral of the variable diameter worm gear, and through the sliding fit between the T-shaped sleeve and the T-shaped frame, drives the T-shaped frame to move axially and radially simultaneously.

9. The automated turning apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intermittent workpiece feeding device, automatic centering device, and improved tool feeding device are all mounted on a spindle box.

10. The automated turning apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The bushing ball seat is a self-lubricating bushing ball seat.

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