Voltage balance type capacitor module, electronic detonator anti-error-explosion control circuit and electronic detonator anti-error-explosion control method

Abstract

The invention provides a voltage balance type capacitor module, an electronic detonator anti-error explosion control circuit and a control method, the capacitor module comprises a power supply module, a plurality of energy storage capacitors, a balance resistor, a voltage comparator and a plurality of MOSFET switches, when the capacitor module is charged, the MOSFET switches are all in a conducting state, at the moment, the capacitor module is in a parallel connection state, and when the capacitor module is charged, the voltage comparator is connected with the power supply module. When the voltage comparator detects that the voltage at the two ends of the equalizing resistor reaches a preset value, the output level of the voltage comparator is overturned to control the MOSFET switch to be switched off, so that the capacitor module is automatically converted into a series connection state, and the electronic detonator anti-error-explosion control circuit comprises a photoconductive switch connected in series with a discharge loop, the photoconductive switch is in a high-resistance state when laser is not activated so as to realize physical-level isolation, and is converted into a low-resistance state after being activated so as to realize conduction of a discharge loop, automatic equalization and high-voltage output of capacitor voltage of the electronic detonator are realized, and the safety is improved through light-operated isolation.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of industrial electronic detonator, in particular to a voltage equalization type capacitor module, an electronic detonator anti-misfire control circuit and a control method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The core of electronic detonator is to ignite the bridge wire by capacitive energy storage and instantaneous discharge. In order to improve the reliability of initiation, a higher initiation voltage is required. The existing technical solutions mainly include: one is to use DC-DC boost circuit to directly charge high-voltage capacitor, but this scheme has complex circuit, high cost and relatively low charging efficiency; two is to use multiple capacitors in series charging, but this method has inherent defects: due to the small differences in capacity, equivalent series resistance (ESR) and leakage current between individual capacitors, the voltage of each capacitor will be unbalanced during series charging, which will easily cause overvoltage damage to individual capacitors, thereby affecting the reliability and life of the entire module and hiding safety hazards.

[0003] At the same time, in terms of safety, traditional electronic detonators often use electronic password, logic circuit switch and other safety barriers, however, these means are essentially based on the isolation of electronic signals, and under extreme conditions such as strong electromagnetic interference and control chip latch-up effect, there is still a risk of misfire or failure, and the safety level needs to be further improved.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an electronic detonator initiation scheme that can solve the voltage equalization problem of multiple capacitors in series and provide extremely high intrinsic safety level. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an electronic detonator initiation control scheme with simple structure, good voltage equalization and high safety.

[0006] The application provides a voltage equalization type capacitor module, and the voltage equalization type capacitor module comprises a power module, a plurality of energy storage capacitors, an equalization resistor, a voltage comparator and MOSFET switches corresponding to the number of the energy storage capacitors; the output ends of the voltage comparator are connected with the gates of all the MOSFET switches respectively, so that the output level of the voltage comparator is used to control the turn-on and turn-off of all the MOSFET switches; in the charging stage of the capacitor module, all the MOSFET switches are in the turn-on state, so that the energy storage capacitors and the equalization resistor are connected in parallel and are connected to the output end of the power module; the voltage comparator monitors the voltage across the equalization resistor, and when the voltage reaches a preset value, the output level of the voltage comparator is reversed, and all the MOSFET switches are turned off synchronously, so that the energy storage capacitors are automatically changed into a series connection state.

[0007] Further, in the technical scheme of the application, the input ends of the voltage comparator are connected with a reference voltage and a monitoring voltage respectively, the reference voltage is a stable voltage value of the charging completion threshold of the capacitor module, and the monitoring voltage is a voltage signal taken from the equalization resistor and used for reflecting the charging state of the capacitor module in real time; when the monitoring voltage exceeds the reference voltage, the output level of the voltage comparator is reversed.

[0008] Further, in the technical scheme of the application, the drain-source voltage resistance values of all the MOSFET switches are higher than the total voltage of the energy storage capacitors in series.

[0009] The application also provides an electronic detonator anti-misfire control circuit, which adopts the voltage equalization type capacitor module, and the technical scheme of the application further comprises a photoconductive switch, a laser driving circuit and a laser diode; the photoconductive switch is connected in series in the discharge circuit of the capacitor module, and the photoconductive switch has a high dark resistance when not irradiated by an active laser and has a low photoresistance when irradiated by the active laser; the photoconductive switch separates the discharge circuit of the capacitor module from the detonation bridge wire of the electronic detonator; and the laser driving circuit and the laser diode are used to generate the active laser for activating the photoconductive switch.

[0010] Further, in the technical scheme of the application, the photoconductive switch adopts a vanadium-doped silicon carbide photoelectric material.

[0011] The application also provides an electronic detonator anti-misfire control method, which is applied to the electronic detonator anti-misfire control circuit, and the technical scheme of the application specifically comprises the following steps.

[0012] During the capacitor module charging phase: all MOSFET switches are turned on, the capacitor modules are connected in parallel, and charging is initiated by the power module until the monitoring voltage across the equalization resistor received by the voltage comparator exceeds the reference voltage.

[0013] Topology switching phase: The output level of the voltage comparator flips, controlling all MOSFET switches to turn off synchronously, and the capacitor module instantly switches to a series state;

[0014] During the accidental explosion prevention phase: keep the photoconductive switch in an inactive, high dark resistance state;

[0015] Initiation stage: The laser drive circuit is activated, which drives the laser diode to generate an activated photoconductor switch, causing the capacitor module to discharge to the detonating bridge wire to complete the detonation.

[0016] Beneficial Effects: In summary, this invention provides a voltage-balanced capacitor module, an electronic detonator anti-accidental detonation control circuit, and a control method. In the technical solution of this invention, on the one hand, the capacitor module uses a MOSFET switch controlled by a voltage comparator to connect multiple energy storage capacitors in parallel during the initial charging stage. Voltage balance is achieved by utilizing the parallel characteristics and the setting of the balancing resistor. Simultaneously, when the charging voltage reaches a predetermined value, the comparator controls all MOSFET switches to turn off synchronously, automatically switching the capacitor module to a series state to obtain a high-voltage output. On the other hand, the anti-accidental detonation control circuit uses a photoconductive switch connected in series in the discharge circuit. When inactive, it is in a high-resistance state, achieving physical isolation and fundamentally eliminating the risk of accidental detonation. During detonation, it is activated by laser to switch to a low-resistance state, connecting the discharge circuit. This invention combines high reliability and ultra-high safety, has a simple structure, and is low in cost, making it suitable for electronic detonators and other precision detonation systems.

[0017] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic detonator anti-accidental detonation control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a voltage equalization capacitor module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3This is a schematic flowchart of an electronic detonator anti-accidental explosion control method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this invention more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0023] The core of this invention is to provide an electronic detonator initiation control scheme that is simple in structure, has good voltage balance, and has extremely high safety.

[0024] This embodiment provides a voltage equalization capacitor module, including a power module, multiple energy storage capacitors, equalization resistors, a voltage comparator, and MOSFET switches corresponding to the number of energy storage capacitors.

[0025] Specifically, in this embodiment, the output of the voltage comparator is connected to the gate of each of the MOSFET switches to control the on and off states of all the MOSFET switches by the output level of the voltage comparator. That is, the state of the MOSFET switches is controlled by the flipping of the output level of the voltage comparator. During the charging phase of the capacitor module, all the MOSFET switches are in the on state, so that all the energy storage capacitors and equalizing resistors form a parallel connection and are connected to the output of the power module. That is, the circuit loop formed by the conduction of the MOSFET switches forms a parallel connection between all the energy storage capacitors and equalizing resistors.

[0026] The voltage comparator monitors the voltage across the equalizing resistor. When this voltage reaches a preset value (it should be noted that the preset value refers to the reference voltage set for the voltage comparator, which can be set at either the positive or negative input terminal, depending on the type of MOSFET switch and whether an inverter is used), the output level of the voltage comparator flips. This causes all MOSFET switches to turn off synchronously, cutting off all parallel connection points. The charging input of the power module is also cut off synchronously, causing all energy storage capacitors to automatically switch to a series connection state. In other words, the circuit loop formed by the MOSFET switches turning off creates a series connection between all energy storage capacitors and the equalizing resistor.

[0027] Specifically, in this embodiment, the input terminals of the voltage comparator are connected to a reference voltage and a monitoring voltage, respectively. The reference voltage is the stable voltage value at which the capacitor module has completed charging. The monitoring voltage is a voltage signal taken from both ends of the balancing resistor, used to reflect the charging status of the capacitor module in real time. When the monitoring voltage exceeds the reference voltage, the output level of the voltage comparator flips. It should be noted that the balancing resistor is connected in parallel with all energy storage capacitors. The core function of the balancing resistor is to provide a common and controllable flow path for the charge, actively offsetting the voltage imbalance caused by the differences between the individual energy storage capacitors. During the charging process of the capacitor module, if the voltage of one energy storage capacitor is momentarily slightly higher than that of the other energy storage capacitors, then through this common balancing resistor... The current distribution across the resistor changes, with the slightly higher voltage portion of the capacitor releasing excess energy through the resistor, thus automatically maintaining a high degree of consistency in the voltage of all energy storage capacitors. This ensures that at the end of the charging phase, the voltage of each capacitor is almost perfectly identical. This is also the basis for reflecting the charging status of the capacitor module in real time through the voltage signal across the equalizing resistor. Furthermore, it is a crucial prerequisite for accurately calculating the expected total voltage after switching to a series connection. The lack of an equalizing resistor may result in a lower-than-expected total series voltage after the switch, leading to unreliable detonation. Additionally, the value of the equalizing resistor needs to be adaptively selected based on the parameter settings of the energy storage capacitors and the power module, avoiding excessive energy consumption by the equalizing resistor, based on P=V. 2 / R precisely controls the power consumption of the equalization resistor.

[0028] Specifically, in this embodiment, the reference voltage is set at either the positive or negative input terminal of the voltage comparator, depending on the type of MOSFET switch and whether an inverter is used. As those skilled in the art know, when an NMOS transistor is high-level turned on, i.e., when an NMOS transistor is used and no inverter is connected, the reference voltage is set at the positive input terminal of the voltage comparator, and the monitoring voltage is connected to the negative input terminal of the voltage comparator. In the early stage of charging, when the monitoring voltage is lower than the reference voltage, the voltage comparator outputs a high level to satisfy the turn-on condition of the NMOS transistor. For a PMOS transistor, the reference voltage is set at the negative input terminal of the voltage comparator, and the monitoring voltage is connected to the positive input terminal of the voltage comparator. In the early stage of charging, when the monitoring voltage is lower than the reference voltage, the voltage comparator outputs a low level to satisfy the turn-on condition of the PMOS transistor.

[0029] Specifically, in this embodiment, the drain-source withstand voltage of all MOSFET switches is higher than the total voltage of all energy storage capacitors connected in series, so as to avoid the MOSFET switches being damaged by the voltage peak generated at the moment the capacitor module switches to the series connection.

[0030] This embodiment also provides an electronic detonator anti-accidental explosion control circuit, which adopts a voltage equalization capacitor module as described above, and also includes a photoconductor switch, a laser driving circuit and a laser diode.

[0031] Specifically, in this embodiment, a photoconductive switch is connected in series in the discharge circuit of the capacitor module. The photoconductive switch exhibits high dark resistance when not irradiated by the activated laser and low light resistance when irradiated by the activated laser. The photoconductive switch isolates the discharge circuit of the capacitor module from the detonating bridge wire of the electronic detonator, effectively forming a physical barrier between the energy storage capacitor and the detonating bridge wire. In this embodiment, the photoconductive switch uses vanadium-doped silicon carbide optoelectronic material, whose dark resistance can reach the megaohm level and its light resistance can be as low as tens of ohms, exhibiting good adaptability. Furthermore, it can be fabricated at the cubic centimeter level, meaning it possesses extremely high device compatibility. The high dark resistance of the photoconductive switch means that even when the laser is not activated, the discharge circuit of the energy storage capacitor remains unaffected due to the laser's activation. Even if the device is accidentally charged (e.g., due to circuit damage or electrostatic induction), its energy is almost entirely unable to leak to the detonating bridge wire through the photoconductive switch, fundamentally eliminating the possibility of accidental detonation. In other words, it has a natural immunity to static electricity, stray current, and radio frequency interference. Only when activated can the energy of the energy storage capacitor be transferred to the detonating bridge wire through a low-impedance path. At the same time, by controlling the band gap of the photoelectric material, it can be made so that only lasers of specific wavelengths can be absorbed and activated by it. This is similar to electronic encryption in existing technology. The photoconductive switch can also achieve the final detonation encryption by activating a specific wavelength of laser. In addition, the trigger response speed of the photoelectric material of the photoconductive switch is extremely fast, which can also meet the rapid and precise detonation requirements of electronic detonators.

[0032] Specifically, in this embodiment, the laser driving circuit and the laser diode are used to generate an activation laser to activate the photoconductive switch.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic flowchart of an electronic detonator anti-accidental detonation control method according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment also provides a method for preventing accidental detonation of electronic detonators, applied to an electronic detonator accidental detonation prevention control circuit as described above, specifically including:

[0034] During the capacitor module charging phase: all MOSFET switches are turned on, the capacitor modules are connected in parallel, and charging is initiated by the power module until the monitoring voltage across the equalization resistor received by the voltage comparator exceeds the reference voltage.

[0035] Topology switching phase: The output level of the voltage comparator flips, controlling the MOSFET switches to turn off synchronously, and the capacitor module is switched to a series state;

[0036] During the accidental explosion prevention phase: keep the photoconductive switch in an inactive, high dark resistance state;

[0037] Initiation stage: The laser drive circuit is activated, which drives the laser diode to generate an activated photoconductor switch, causing the capacitor module to discharge to the detonating bridge wire to complete the detonation.

[0038] Detailed implementation method: Figure 1 and Figure 2 These are schematic diagrams of a control circuit for preventing accidental detonation of an electronic detonator and a capacitor module, respectively, according to embodiments of the present invention. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the system includes a power supply module, energy storage capacitors C1, C2, and C3, an equalizing resistor R0, a voltage comparator U1, MOSFET switches Q1, Q2, and Q3, a photoconductive switch K0, and a detonating bridge wire. The output of voltage comparator U1 is connected to the gates of MOSFET switches Q1, Q2, and Q3, respectively. The states of MOSFET switches Q1, Q2, and Q3 are controlled by the switching of the output level of voltage comparator U1. During the charging phase of the capacitor module, MOSFET switches Q1, Q2, and Q3 are all in the ON state, causing energy storage capacitors C1, C2, and C3 to form a parallel connection with the equalizing resistor R0, which is then connected to the output of the power supply module. The positive input of voltage comparator U1 is connected to a reference voltage V. ref The negative input terminal of voltage comparator U1 is connected to the monitoring voltage, i.e., the voltage across the equalization resistor R0. When the voltage across the equalization resistor R0 exceeds the reference voltage V... ref When the voltage comparator U1 flips, it controls the synchronous turn-off of MOSFET switches Q1, Q2, and Q3, thus cutting off all parallel connection points and automatically switching all energy storage capacitors C1, C2, and C3 into a series connection. When detonated, the photoconductor switch K0 is activated to discharge the capacitor module to the detonation bridge wire, thus completing the detonation.

[0039] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A voltage-equalizing capacitor module, characterized in that, It includes a power module, multiple energy storage capacitors, equalizing resistors, a voltage comparator, and MOSFET switches corresponding to the number of energy storage capacitors; The output terminal of the voltage comparator is connected to the gate of all the MOSFET switches respectively, so as to control the conduction and turn-off of all the MOSFET switches through the output level of the voltage comparator. During the charging phase of the capacitor module, all the MOSFET switches are in the conducting state, so that all the energy storage capacitors and the equalizing resistor form a parallel connection and are connected to the output terminal of the power module. The voltage comparator monitors the voltage across the equalizing resistor. When the voltage reaches a preset value, the output level of the voltage comparator flips, controlling all the MOSFET switches to turn off synchronously, so that all the energy storage capacitors automatically switch to a series connection state.

2. The voltage equalization capacitor module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The input terminals of the voltage comparator are connected to a reference voltage and a monitoring voltage, respectively. The reference voltage is a stable voltage value that represents the threshold value at which the capacitor module is fully charged. The monitoring voltage is a voltage signal taken from both ends of the equalizing resistor and used to reflect the charging status of the capacitor module in real time. When the monitoring voltage exceeds the reference voltage, the output level of the voltage comparator flips.

3. A voltage-equalizing capacitor module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drain-source breakdown voltage of all the MOSFET switches is higher than the total voltage of all the energy storage capacitors connected in series.

4. A control circuit for preventing accidental detonation of an electronic detonator, employing a voltage-equalizing capacitor module according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Also includes: A photoconductive switch is connected in series in the discharge circuit of the capacitor module. The photoconductive switch exhibits high dark resistance when not irradiated by an activated laser and low light resistance when irradiated by an activated laser. The photoconductive switch isolates the discharge circuit of the capacitor module from the detonating bridge wire of the electronic detonator. A laser driving circuit and a laser diode are provided, wherein the laser driving circuit and the laser diode are used to generate an activation laser that activates the photoconductive switch.

5. The electronic detonator anti-accidental detonation control circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The photoconductive switch uses vanadium-doped silicon carbide optoelectronic material.

6. A method for preventing accidental detonation of an electronic detonator, applied to the electronic detonator accidental detonation prevention control circuit as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Specifically, it includes: During the capacitor module charging phase: all MOSFET switches are turned on, the capacitor modules are connected in parallel, and charging is initiated by the power module until the monitoring voltage across the equalization resistor received by the voltage comparator exceeds the reference voltage. Topology switching phase: The output level of the voltage comparator flips, controlling all MOSFET switches to turn off synchronously, and the capacitor module instantly switches to a series state; During the accidental explosion prevention phase: keep the photoconductive switch in an inactive, high dark resistance state; Initiation stage: The laser drive circuit is activated, which drives the laser diode to generate an activated photoconductor switch, causing the capacitor module to discharge to the detonating bridge wire to complete the detonation.

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