Livestock breeding method capable of reducing ammonia emission

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock breeding, and relates to a livestock breeding method capable of reducing ammonia emission. The method comprises the following steps: paving a three-layer composite padding consisting of a biological activation layer, an acid-base buffer layer and a basic adsorption layer before livestock enter a house, and continuously and stably reducing ammonia release through the synergistic effect of physical adsorption, chemical neutralization and biodegradation; a special ammonia reducing feed containing a composite plant extract, a polysaccharide enzyme preparation and a urease inhibitor is fed every day, and excretion of nitrogen-containing substances in excrement is reduced from the source; a composite ammonia removal agent is sprayed according to the concentration gradient of ammonia in the house, and precise regulation and control are achieved; after livestock defecate, feces and padding are mixed, an ammonia adsorbent is supplemented, and old padding can be composted and converted into organic fertilizer. According to the invention, a full-chain ammonia emission reduction system of'source control-process blocking-terminal conversion 'is constructed, the long-term stable control of the ammonia concentration of the poultry house is effectively realized, and the breeding environment is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of livestock breeding, and relates to a livestock breeding method for reducing ammonia emission. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the process of livestock breeding, ammonia emission mainly comes from the decomposition of nitrogen-containing substances in feces and urine, especially the rapid hydrolysis of urea and uric acid under the action of urease to produce ammonia. Ammonia not only causes deterioration of indoor air quality, affecting the health and production performance of livestock and poultry, but also leads to environmental pollution, such as acid rain and water eutrophication. In order to control ammonia emission, the existing technology mainly adopts three types of methods, namely physical, chemical and biological methods. Physical methods include strengthening ventilation, using adsorbent materials to cover feces, and adsorbing ammonia molecules through pores; chemical methods include spraying acid substances to neutralize ammonia to generate stable salts; biological methods use microbial or enzyme preparations to degrade or inhibit the production of ammonia. In addition, feed regulation is also a common means, such as reducing the crude protein level of the diet and adding synthetic amino acids to reduce nitrogen excretion.

[0003] However, the existing technology has significant defects. First, the effect of a single means is limited and not lasting: for example, although physical adsorbent materials can adsorb ammonia in the short term, they are easy to saturate and need to be replaced frequently, increasing cost and labor intensity; chemical spraying can quickly neutralize ammonia, but the effect is short-lived, and excessive use may corrode equipment or affect the health of animal mucosa. Second, there is a lack of systematicness: existing methods mostly focus on end-of-pipe treatment after excretion, ignoring the reduction of ammonia production from the source (such as intestinal digestion), resulting in treating the symptoms rather than the root cause. For example, feed adjustment often simply reduces protein content, which may affect animal growth performance; if microbial preparations lack a suitable environment (such as humidity and carbon source), their reproduction will be slow and the degradation efficiency will be low. Third, the operation is complex and the cost is high: when multiple technologies are used together, there is often a problem of poor synergy, such as competition for environmental resources between adsorbents and microorganisms, which reduces the overall effect. In addition, the existing technology rarely considers the resource utilization of waste, and litter and feces are mostly treated as waste, increasing the environmental burden. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides a livestock breeding method for reducing ammonia emission, which specifically comprises the following steps: Step one: before the livestock enters the house, three layers of litter are laid on the ground of the breeding house, from bottom to top, 3-5 cm of biological activated layer, 4-6 cm of acid-base buffer layer and 8-12 cm of basic adsorption layer, after laying the biological activated layer, water is sprayed to make the water content of the biological activated layer 35-45%, after laying the acid-base buffer layer, water is sprayed to make the water content of the acid-base buffer layer 8-12%, and no water is sprayed after laying the basic adsorption layer.

[0005] Preferably, the biological activation layer comprises a complex bacteria carrier, a complex bacteria powder and a carbon source, with a mass ratio of (7-9):(1-2):(0.5-1).

[0006] More preferably, the complex bacteria carrier comprises one or more of bran, sawdust, corn cob and rice husk; the complex bacteria powder comprises one or more of Bacillus subtilis powder, Bacillus licheniformis powder, Bacillus mycoides powder, yeast powder, Lactobacillus powder, photosynthetic bacteria powder and nitrifying bacteria powder; and the carbon source comprises one or more of sucrose, starch and molasses.

[0007] Most preferably, the complex bacteria carrier is bran and sawdust, with a mass ratio of (1-3):(7-9); the complex bacteria powder is Bacillus subtilis powder, Lactobacillus powder, photosynthetic bacteria powder and nitrifying bacteria powder, with a mass ratio of (7-9):(4-6):(2-4):(2-4); and the carbon source is sucrose.

[0008] Preferably, the acid-base buffer layer comprises plant straw, phosphate, sulfate, organic acid and humus, with a mass ratio of (6-8):(2-4):(1-3):(3-5):(5-7).

[0009] Most preferably, the plant straw comprises one or more of corn straw, soybean straw, rice straw and wheat straw; the phosphate is superphosphate; the sulfate is ferrous sulfate; and the organic acid is a mixture of citric acid and acetic acid, with a mass ratio of (2-4):(1-3).

[0010] Preferably, the basic adsorption layer comprises diatomite, zeolite powder, vermiculite powder, montmorillonite powder, attapulgite and activated carbon powder, with a mass ratio of (13-17):(6-8):(5-7):(4-6):(6-8):(7-9).

[0011] Step two: daily feeding of special ammonia-reducing feed at 7:00-8:00 am and 17:00-18:00 pm, with a feeding amount of 4%-6% of the mass of the basic daily ration; when the basic daily ration is fed, the special ammonia-reducing feed is added to the basic daily ration, with a mass ratio of (90-95):(5-10) between the basic daily ration and the special ammonia-reducing feed.

[0012] Preferably, the special ammonia-reducing feed comprises corn powder, sweet potato, carrot, fish meal, stone powder, complex plant extract, polysaccharide enzyme preparation, urease inhibitor and lactic acid bacteria powder, with a mass ratio of (10-20):(40-50):(20-30):(2-4):(1-2):(10-15):(2-4):(8-12):(1-3).

[0013] Most preferably, the complex plant extract includes gallnut extract, rosemary extract and seaweed extract, in a mass ratio of (2-4):(4-6):(3-5). The polysaccharase preparation includes xylanase and beta-glucanase, in a mass ratio of (4-6):(2-4). The urease inhibitor includes tea polyphenol, thymol and quercetin, in a mass ratio of (7-9):(3-5):(4-6).

[0014] Step three, during the breeding process, the ammonia concentration in the shed is monitored daily, when the ammonia concentration is greater than 20 ppm, 100-200 mL of the complex ammonia removal agent is sprayed per square meter of the breeding shed; when 20 ppm is greater than or equal to the ammonia concentration and is greater than or equal to 10 ppm, 40-80 mL of the complex ammonia removal agent is sprayed per square meter of the breeding shed; when 5 ppm is less than the ammonia concentration and is greater than 10 ppm, 10 mL or less of the complex ammonia removal agent is sprayed per square meter of the breeding shed.

[0015] Preferably, the complex ammonia removal agent includes phosphoric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, ferrous sulfate, a surfactant and water, in a mass ratio of (65-75):(15-25):(35-45):(8-12):(1-2):(1000-1200). Most preferably, the surfactant is polysorbate-80.

[0016] Step four, after the poultry defecate, the manure, the acid-base buffer layer and the basic adsorption layer are mixed, and the ammonia adsorbent is re-applied on the surface of the litter at a dosage of 100-200 g / m 2 The ammonia adsorbent has the same composition as the basic adsorption layer, and when the poultry are out of the shed, the manure and the litter in the breeding shed are cleaned and ventilated, and the three layers of litter are re-laid before the poultry enter the shed. The old litter together with the manure can be composted to become high-quality organic fertilizer.

[0017] The working principle of the present application is as follows: Physical adsorption (basic adsorption layer): diatomite, montmorillonite powder and attapulgite have loose structure and high porosity, which can quickly absorb the moisture in the manure and urine, reduce the volatilization of liquid ammonia, and zeolite powder, vermiculite powder and activated carbon have large specific surface area and ion exchange capacity, which can preferentially adsorb ammonia molecules.

[0018] Chemical neutralization and fixation (acid-base neutralization layer): when calcium superphosphate is dissolved in water, it is acidic, and then combined with citric acid and acetic acid to react with ammonia to form stable ammonium phosphate salt, and the ferrous ions in ferrous sulfate can form complexes with ammonia or hydrogen sulfide, etc., which are fixed in the litter.

[0019] Biodegradation (biological activation layer): under suitable humidity, temperature and carbon source conditions, the complex microbial bacteria can rapidly reproduce, bacillus subtilis can decompose organic matter in the manure, and nitrifying bacteria can convert the fixed ammonium salt into nitrate, realizing the biological conversion of nitrogen, and fundamentally eliminating the substrate for the production of ammonia.

[0020] Polysaccharase preparation: decomposes the anti-nutritional factor polysaccharide in soybean meal, wheat bran and other diets, improves the digestion and absorption rate of nutrients such as protein, thereby reducing the excretion of undigested nitrogen-containing substances (urea, uric acid, etc.) in feces from the source.

[0021] Compound plant extract and urease inhibitor: its effective components (rosmarinic acid, tannic acid and algal polysaccharide, etc.) can inhibit the activity of urease, delay the decomposition of urea into ammonia, and reduce the production of ammonia.

[0022] The present application is not a simple pile of technology, but a complete chain from reducing the production of (feed) in the intestinal tract to immediate fixation of excrement (litter chemical layer + spraying agent) to long-term biological transformation (litter biological layer), which realizes the full coverage management of ammonia from production to discharge.

[0023] The present application has the following advantages: (1) Multi-level synergistic effect, realizing the comprehensiveness and persistence of ammonia emission reduction, the present application forms a synergistic network of physical adsorption, chemical fixation and biological degradation through the organic combination of three-layer litter system (basic adsorption layer, acid-base buffer layer, biological activation layer) and special feed, compound ammonia removal agent. The basic adsorption layer quickly locks water and ammonia molecules through diatomite, zeolite powder and other materials to prevent volatilization; the acid-base buffer layer reacts with ammonia gas to generate stable salts through superphosphoric acid calcium, organic acid, etc., realizing chemical fixation; the biological activation layer continuously degrades nitrogen-containing substances under suitable humidity and carbon source through compound microorganisms, fundamentally eliminating ammonia gas substrate. This design ensures that ammonia is controlled throughout the whole process from production to transformation, and the effect is significantly better than the prior art.

[0024] (2) Inhibit ammonia production from the source, and consider animal health and production performance, the special ammonia reduction feed of the present application adds compound plant extract (such as gallnut, rosemary extract) and urease inhibitor (such as tea polyphenol, quercetin), effectively inhibits the activity of urease in the intestinal tract and feces, delays the decomposition of urea, thereby reducing the source of ammonia. At the same time, polysaccharase preparation (such as xylanase, beta-glucanase) improves the digestibility of feed and reduces the undigested nitrogen content in feces. This not only reduces the production of ammonia from the source, but also avoids nutritional imbalance and ensures the growth efficiency of livestock and poultry.

[0025] (3) Simple operation and controllable cost, improving practicality and sustainability, the present application realizes precise medication by monitoring the ammonia concentration daily and gradient spraying of compound ammonia removal agent, avoiding overuse of chemical agents. The litter system is designed reasonably, and the feces and litter can be directly composted into high-quality organic fertilizer after mixing, turning waste into treasure and reducing waste disposal cost.

[0026] (4) The environment adaptability is strong, is applicable to diversified breeding scene, and each component (such as composite bacteria powder, plant straw, mineral adsorbent) in the application is common agricultural by-products or industrial raw materials, easy to obtain and low in cost.The thickness and water content parameters of the three-layer litter are optimized, can adapt to different seasons and livestock house environment, and have high stability.The microbial preparation in the prior art often fails due to environmental inadaptability (such as temperature and pH fluctuation), and the application provides ideal survival conditions for microorganisms by layered humidity and nutrition control, ensuring the persistence of biological activity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be described clearly and completely below, obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor belong to the protection scope of the application.

[0028] Embodiment 1 Raw material preparation: Composite bacteria carrier: bran and sawdust, mass ratio 2:8.

[0029] Composite bacteria powder: bacillus subtilis powder, lactobacillus powder, photosynthetic bacteria powder and nitrifying bacteria powder, mass ratio 8:5:3:3. The bacillus subtilis powder and lactobacillus powder are purchased from Shandong Juyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., the photosynthetic bacteria powder is purchased from Shandong Boyu Chemical Co., Ltd., and the nitrifying bacteria powder is purchased from Guangzhou Qingwo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0030] Organic acid: citric acid and acetic acid, mass ratio 3:2.

[0031] Composite plant extract: gallnut extract, rosemary extract and seaweed extract, mass ratio 3:5:4. The gallnut extract is purchased from Hebei Pengyu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., the rosemary extract is purchased from Shaanxi Muyun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the seaweed extract is purchased from Xi'an Musen Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0032] Polysaccharidase preparation: xylanase and beta-glucanase, mass ratio 5:3.

[0033] Urease inhibitor: tea polyphenol, thymol and quercetin, mass ratio 8:4:5.

[0034] Biological activation layer: composite bacteria carrier, composite bacteria powder and sucrose, mass ratio 8:1.5:0.75.

[0035] Acid-base buffer layer: corn straw, superphosphate, ferrous sulfate, organic acid and humus, mass ratio 7:3:2:5:6.

[0036] Basic adsorption layer: diatomite, zeolite powder, vermiculite powder, montmorillonite powder, attapulgite and activated carbon powder, mass ratio 15:7:6:5:7:8.

[0037] Special ammonia-reducing feed: corn flour, sweet potato, carrot, fish meal, stone powder, compound plant extract, polysaccharide enzyme preparation, urease inhibitor and lactic acid bacteria powder, mass ratio 15:45:25:3:1.5:13:3:10:2.

[0038] Compound ammonia-removing agent: phosphoric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, ferrous sulfate, polysorbate-80 and water, mass ratio 70:20:40:10:1:1200.

[0039] The specific method is as follows: Step one, before the poultry into the house, three layers of bedding are laid on the ground of the breeding house, from bottom to top in turn 4cm biological activated layer, 5cm acid-base buffer layer and 10cm basic adsorption layer, after laying the biological activated layer, spray water to 40% moisture content of the biological activated layer, after laying the acid-base buffer layer, spray water to 10% of the acid-base buffer layer, and no water is sprayed after laying the basic adsorption layer.

[0040] Step two, special ammonia-reducing feed is fed at 7:30 am and 17:30 pm respectively every day, the feeding amount is 5% of the mass of the basic daily ration, when the basic daily ration is formally fed, special ammonia-reducing feed is added in the basic daily ration, the mass ratio of the basic daily ration and special ammonia-reducing feed is 93:7.

[0041] Step three, during the breeding process, the ammonia concentration in the house is monitored every day, when the ammonia concentration is >20ppm, 150mL of compound ammonia-removing agent is sprayed per square meter of breeding house; when 20ppm≥ammonia concentration≥10ppm, 60mL of compound ammonia-removing agent is sprayed per square meter of breeding house; when 5ppm<ammonia concentration<10ppm, 3mL of compound ammonia-removing agent is sprayed per square meter of breeding house.

[0042] Step four, after the poultry defecate, the feces, acid-base buffer layer and basic adsorption layer are mixed, and ammonia adsorbent is re-applied on the surface of the bedding, the amount is 150g / m 2 The composition of the ammonia adsorbent is the same as that of the basic adsorption layer, when the poultry move out of the house, the feces and bedding in the breeding house are cleaned and ventilated, and three layers of bedding are re-laid before the poultry enter the house, the old bedding together with the feces can be composted to become high-quality organic fertilizer.

[0043] Test example 1 Experimental animals and grouping Experimental animals: 60 healthy beef cattle (body weight about 300±20kg) Experimental group: 30, using the method of Example 1 to reduce ammonia emission, and the rest of the daily management and basic diet refer to “High-efficiency and healthy breeding technology of beef cattle”, edited by Luoshengjin.

[0044] Control group: 30, daily management and basic diet completely refer to “High-efficiency and healthy breeding technology of beef cattle”, edited by Luoshengjin.

[0045] Breeding period: 30 days.

[0046] On the 7th, 14th, 21st and 30th day, the ammonia concentration of the experimental group and the control group was detected, and the emission reduction rate was calculated, as shown in Table 1.

[0047] Table 1

[0048] Test Example 2 Experimental animals and grouping Experimental animals: 200 healthy laying hens (day age 120 days) Experimental group: 100, using the method of Example 1 to reduce ammonia emission, and the rest of the daily management and basic diet refer to “Modern Laying Hen Breeding Key Technology”, edited by Xiong Jiajun and Yang Feifei.

[0049] Control group: 100, daily management and basic diet completely refer to “Modern Laying Hen Breeding Key Technology”, edited by Xiong Jiajun and Yang Feifei.

[0050] Breeding period: 28 days.

[0051] On the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day, the ammonia concentration of the experimental group and the control group was detected, and the emission reduction rate was calculated, as shown in Table 2.

[0052] Table 2

[0053] As shown in Tables 1-2, the three-layer litter + special ammonia-reducing feed + composite ammonia-removing agent comprehensive breeding method provided by the present application can significantly reduce the ammonia concentration in the poultry and livestock house, and the emission reduction effect is stable between 55%-78%, and the effect is more significant as time goes on. The method is simple to operate, the cost is controllable, and is suitable for various poultry and livestock breeding scenes, and has good popularization value.

[0054] The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables a person skilled in the art to make or use the application. Modifications of these embodiments will occur to persons of skill in the art, and that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications that do not depart from the true spirit and scope of the application. Therefore, the application is not limited to the embodiments shown but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method of reducing ammonia emissions from poultry farming, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step one, before the poultry into the house, three layers of bedding are laid on the ground of the breeding house, from bottom to top, 3-5cm biological activated layer, 4-6cm acid-base buffer layer and 8-12cm basic adsorption layer, after laying the biological activated layer, water is sprayed to make the water content of the biological activated layer 35-45%, after laying the acid-base buffer layer, water is sprayed to make the water content of the acid-base buffer layer 8-12%, and no water is sprayed after laying the basic adsorption layer; The biological activated layer comprises a complex bacteria carrier, a complex bacteria powder and a carbon source, and the mass ratio is (7-9):(1-2):(0.5-1); the acid-base buffer layer comprises plant straw, phosphate, sulfate, organic acid and humus, and the mass ratio is (6-8):(2-4):(1-3):(3-5):(5-7); and the basic adsorption layer comprises diatomite, zeolite powder, vermiculite powder, montmorillonite powder, attapulgite and activated carbon powder, and the mass ratio is (13-17):(6-8):(5-7):(4-6):(6-8):(7-9); Step two, special ammonia-reducing feed is fed in the morning and evening every day, and the feeding amount is 4%-6% of the mass of the basic daily ration, and when the basic daily ration is fed, the special ammonia-reducing feed is added in the basic daily ration, and the mass ratio of the basic daily ration and the special ammonia-reducing feed is (90-95):(5-10); Step three, during the breeding process, the ammonia concentration in the house is monitored every day, when the ammonia concentration is greater than 20ppm, 100-200mL of a complex ammonia-removing agent is sprayed per square meter of the breeding house, when the ammonia concentration is 20ppm to 10ppm, 40-80mL of the complex ammonia-removing agent is sprayed per square meter of the breeding house, and when the ammonia concentration is 5ppm to 10ppm, ≤10mL of the complex ammonia-removing agent is sprayed per square meter of the breeding house; Step four, after the livestock defecate, mix the excrement, acid-base buffer layer and basic adsorption layer, and re-spread the ammonia adsorbent on the surface of the litter at a dosage of 100-200 g / m 2 The ammonia adsorbent has the same composition as the basic adsorption layer. When the livestock are out of the house, clean up the excrement and litter in the breeding house and ventilate. Before the livestock enter the house, re-lay the three-layer litter. The old litter together with the excrement can be composted to convert into high-quality organic fertilizer.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the ammonia emission is reduced by at least 20% as compared to the ammonia emission of the poultry or livestock raised in the absence of the bacteria. The complex bacteria carrier in step one comprises one or more of bran, sawdust, corn cob and rice husk.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the ammonia emission is reduced by at least 20% as compared to the ammonia emission of the poultry or livestock raised in the absence of the bacteria. The complex bacteria powder in step one comprises one or more of bacillus subtilis powder, bacillus licheniformis powder, bacillus mycoides powder, yeast powder, lactobacillus powder, photosynthetic bacteria powder and nitrifying bacteria powder.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the ammonia emission is reduced by at least 20% as compared to the ammonia emission of the poultry or livestock raised in the absence of the bacteria. The carbon source in step one comprises one or more of sucrose, starch and molasses.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the step of: administering to the poultry a feed additive comprising a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof. The plant straw in step one comprises one or more of corn straw, soybean straw, rice straw and wheat straw.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the ammonia emission is reduced by at least 50%. The phosphate in step one is superphosphate, the sulfate is ferrous sulfate, and the organic acid is citric acid and acetic acid, and the mass ratio is (2-4):(1-3).

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the ammonia emission is reduced by at least 50%. The complex plant extract in step two comprises gallnut extract, rosemary extract and seaweed extract, and the mass ratio is (2-4):(4-6):(3-5).

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises, The polysaccharase preparation in step two comprises xylanase and β-glucanase, and the mass ratio is (4-6):(2-4).

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises, The urease inhibitor in step two comprises tea polyphenol, thymol and quercetin, and the mass ratio is (7-9):(3-5):(4-6).

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the step of: administering to the poultry a feed additive comprising a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof, wherein the compound of formula (I) is administered in an amount effective to reduce ammonia emissions from the poultry. The composite ammonia removal agent in step three includes phosphoric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, ferrous sulfate, a surfactant and water, with a mass ratio of (65-75):(15-25):(35-45):(8-12):(1-2):(1000-1200).

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