An apparatus and method for three-dimensional ordered arrangement of abrasive particles and additive manufacturing equipment

Abstract

This invention discloses a three-dimensional ordered abrasive grain arrangement device, method, and additive manufacturing equipment, belonging to the field of high-performance abrasive tool manufacturing technology for semiconductors, stone, ceramics, and optical crystal materials. The device comprises three main parts: an abrasive grain arranger, a feeding mechanism, and a transfer mechanism. The abrasive grain arranger achieves ordered arrangement through negative pressure adsorption; the feeding mechanism employs a circular roller design to achieve continuous feeding of diamond abrasive grains; and the transfer mechanism achieves precise transfer of diamond abrasive grains through the cooperation of an electric cylinder and a lifting platform. This invention effectively solves the problems of scattered and uneven abrasive grain distribution leading to rapid tool wear and poor processing quality in traditional diamond abrasive tool manufacturing. Combining this device with laser additive manufacturing (SLM) equipment can achieve additive manufacturing with ordered abrasive grain agglomeration, significantly improving the sharpness, cooling characteristics, grinding performance, wear resistance, and service life of diamond abrasive tools.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to diamond abrasive tool manufacturing technology, particularly to the technical field of manufacturing structured, digital, and intelligent high-performance abrasives by combining additive manufacturing (SLM) technology with diamond abrasive grain orderly arrangement equipment. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing demands for high-precision and high-efficiency machining in modern manufacturing, diamond abrasive tools have been widely used in precision machining and superhard material processing due to their excellent hardness, wear resistance, and thermal conductivity. However, traditional diamond abrasive tool manufacturing processes face numerous technical bottlenecks.

[0003] Traditional diamond abrasive tools primarily fix diamond abrasive grains onto a substrate through electroplating, sintering, or mechanical embedding. These methods have the following problems: First, the distribution of diamond abrasive grains on the substrate is completely random, resulting in uneven abrasive grain density on the tool surface and affecting the consistency of grinding performance. Second, the bonding strength between the diamond abrasive grains and the substrate is limited, making them prone to detachment under high-temperature and high-pressure grinding environments, thus reducing the tool's lifespan. Third, traditional processes struggle to manufacture abrasive tools with complex geometries, limiting the design freedom of abrasive tools.

[0004] In recent years, additive manufacturing technologies (such as selective laser melting, SLM) have provided new ideas for the manufacture of diamond abrasive tools. However, existing SLM technology still faces bottlenecks when processing diamond abrasives: after simply mixing diamond abrasives with metal powder and then laser melting them, the distribution of abrasive vacancies is uncontrollable, which severely restricts the realization of the superior performance of diamond abrasives.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, it is urgent to develop a device and method for achieving the orderly arrangement of diamond abrasive grains, as well as corresponding additive manufacturing equipment, so as to realize the preparation of high-performance diamond abrasive tools. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a three-dimensional ordered arrangement device and method for diamond abrasive grains, which can realize the regular and orderly arrangement of diamond abrasive grains. Combined with SLM additive manufacturing technology, it can significantly improve the grinding performance, wear resistance and service life of diamond abrasive tools.

[0007] The present invention adopts the following solution:

[0008] A three-dimensional ordered abrasive grain arrangement device includes an arranger, a feeding mechanism, and a transfer mechanism, wherein:

[0009] The abrasive grain arranger includes a negative pressure cup, an abrasive grain arrangement plate, a vibrator, and an electromagnetic impactor. The negative pressure cup has at least two through holes at its top, one of which connects to an air pipe via a pneumatic quick-connect fitting, and the other through hole leads to a signal line and a power line via a waterproof connector. The abrasive grain arrangement plate is located at the bottom of the negative pressure cup and has multiple regularly spaced through holes for adsorbing abrasive particles. The plate and the negative pressure cup are sealed together to form a cavity with only regularly spaced through holes. The vibrator and the electromagnetic impactor are installed within the cavity of the negative pressure cup, and the electromagnetic impactor can contact the abrasive grain arrangement plate during movement.

[0010] The feeding mechanism includes an annular roller, a baffle, and a drive wheel. The inner wall of the annular roller has multiple material grooves along the circumferential direction. The distributor is inserted into the annular roller, and the baffle is inserted between the inner wall of the annular roller and the distributor. The baffle has a notch located in the same vertical direction as the annular roller to transfer and collect excess abrasive particles onto the roller. The drive wheel is coaxially mounted with the annular roller and can drive the annular roller to rotate.

[0011] The transplantation mechanism includes at least an X-axis motion unit and a rotating unit located at one end or side of the X-axis motion unit, and the arranger is connected to the rotating unit to form a synchronous rotational connection.

[0012] Furthermore, the layout device has at least two components, which are disposed on the layout device fixing plate, and the layout device fixing plate and the rotating unit form a synchronous rotational connection relationship.

[0013] Furthermore, the diameter of the regular through holes on the arrangement plate is smaller than the diameter of the diamond abrasive grains to be arranged.

[0014] Furthermore, the transplantation mechanism includes a horizontal electric cylinder, a vertical lifting platform, and a rotary cylinder. The X-axis motion unit is a horizontal electric cylinder, and the rotation unit is a rotary cylinder. The horizontal electric cylinder is mounted on the vertical lifting platform, and the rotary cylinder is mounted at the end of the cantilever of the horizontal electric cylinder.

[0015] Furthermore, the lower plate of the vertical lifting platform is equipped with fine-tuning screws to compensate for equipment installation errors and ensure that the layout plate remains horizontal; the end of the cantilever of the horizontal electric cylinder is equipped with fine-tuning screws to compensate for equipment installation errors and ensure that the extension and retraction direction of the electric cylinder remains coplanar with the axis of the annular roller.

[0016] Furthermore, the drive wheel includes a drive gear and a fixed part and a movable part that form a rotational connection; the drive gear is located on one side of the movable part, and the side of the movable part has teeth corresponding to the drive gear along the circumferential direction, so that the rotation of the drive gear can drive the movable part to rotate relative to the fixed part; the roller and the movable part are fixedly connected; a motor is fixedly mounted on the drive wheel bracket, and the drive gear and the output shaft of the motor are fixedly connected to form a synchronous rotational connection.

[0017] The present invention also provides a method for three-dimensional ordered arrangement of diamond abrasive grains in the device, which includes the following steps:

[0018] S1. Pretreatment: Use a high-frequency ion nozzle to remove static electricity from the abrasive grains and the arrangement plate, and use a demagnetizer to remove residual magnetism from the arrangement plate and the abrasive grains; pour the treated abrasive grains into the circular roller.

[0019] S2. Orderly Arrangement: The distributor is moved to the feeding mechanism by the transplanting mechanism and the distributor plate is facing upward. The feeding mechanism is started and the circular drum rotates. The material trough on it carries the abrasive particles from the bottom to the top of the distributor plate and then falls onto the distributor plate. Negative pressure is applied to the distributor cavity, the distributor is tilted, and the vibrator is started. The abrasive particles are attracted by the regular through holes on the distributor plate. The abrasive particles that are not attracted are vibrated and fall back to the material trough at the bottom of the circular drum.

[0020] S3. Transplantation: The transplantation mechanism rotates the arrangement plate to face down and moves it above the designated surface. A pulsed positive pressure is applied to the arrangement device cavity, and the vibrator and electromagnetic striker are activated. The abrasive grains on the arrangement plate fall onto the designated surface to form an orderly arrangement.

[0021] Furthermore, when there are two or more abrasive grain arrangers, after the abrasive grains on one of the abrasive grain arrangers are arranged, the transplanting mechanism moves horizontally to move the abrasive grain arranger away from the roller position, and the other abrasive grain arranger enters the roller position to arrange the abrasive grains; after the abrasive grains on all the abrasive grain arrangers are arranged, they are sent to the designated position to execute step S3, so that the abrasive grains on multiple abrasive grain arrangers are transferred in sequence to perform efficient and orderly arrangement in different modes and combinations of different modes.

[0022] The present invention also provides an additive manufacturing apparatus, comprising the aforementioned abrasive grain three-dimensional ordered arrangement device and an additive manufacturing apparatus; the abrasive grain three-dimensional ordered arrangement device is installed as an extension module next to the additive manufacturing apparatus, and the printing area of ​​the additive manufacturing apparatus serves as the transfer plane of the abrasive grain three-dimensional ordered arrangement device. Preferably, the additive manufacturing apparatus is a selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing apparatus.

[0023] The present invention also provides a method of using the additive manufacturing equipment, comprising the following steps:

[0024] Step 1: Perform the aforementioned step S1;

[0025] Step 2: After the SLM printer completes the initial program, it scrapes the metal powder in the printing area to smooth it out.

[0026] Step 3: Perform step S2 as described above;

[0027] Step 4: Using the printing area of ​​the additive manufacturing device as the transfer plane, perform the aforementioned step S3.

[0028] This invention provides a three-dimensional ordered arrangement device for diamond abrasive grains, comprising three main parts: an arranger, a feeding mechanism, and a transfer mechanism. The arranger, a core component for achieving the ordered arrangement of diamond abrasive grains, consists of a negative pressure cup, an arrangement plate, a vibrator, and an electromagnetic striker. The negative pressure cup has two through holes at its bottom, one for connecting an air pipe and the other for leading out a signal line. The arrangement plate has regularly arranged through holes, forming a cavity with the negative pressure cup in a sealed fit. The vibrator and electromagnetic striker are installed within the cavity, achieving the ordered arrangement of diamond abrasive grains through negative pressure adsorption and vibration. The feeding mechanism employs a circular roller design with multiple material troughs inside. A drive wheel rotates the roller, enabling continuous feeding of diamond abrasive grains. A baffle is installed at the bottom of the roller to collect unadsorbed abrasive grains. The transfer mechanism consists of a horizontal electric cylinder, a vertical lifting platform, and a rotary cylinder, achieving three-dimensional motion control of the arranger and ensuring precise transfer of diamond abrasive grains to the designated position.

[0029] This invention also provides a method for three-dimensional ordered arrangement of diamond abrasive grains based on the above-mentioned device, comprising four steps: pretreatment, ordered arrangement, transplantation, and three-dimensional arrangement. First, the diamond abrasive grains and the arrangement plate are subjected to destatic and demagnetization treatments. Then, ordered arrangement is achieved through negative pressure adsorption and vibration. Next, the arranged abrasive grains are transplanted onto a designated surface. Finally, three-dimensional ordered arrangement is achieved by combining SLM printing technology.

[0030] The beneficial effects of this invention include:

[0031] 1. The device of the present invention can achieve a highly ordered arrangement of diamond abrasive grains, thereby significantly improving the consistency of abrasive tool performance.

[0032] 2. By combining negative pressure adsorption and vibration, the efficiency and accuracy of the arrangement are improved; an excessive amount of abrasive particles can be laid on the arrangement plate at one time, and then the excess abrasive particles can be removed by vibration combined with the tilting arrangement device, resulting in high arrangement efficiency.

[0033] 3. The use of a circular roller for feeding enables continuous and stable controllable cyclic feeding of abrasive grains, improving feeding efficiency and effectively saving abrasive grains.

[0034] 3. Perfectly integrated with SLM additive manufacturing equipment technology, it realizes additive manufacturing with three-dimensional orderly arrangement of diamond abrasive grains;

[0035] 4. The device has a reasonable structure, is easy to operate, and is suitable for industrial production;

[0036] 5. The design of the fine-tuning screw effectively solves the problem of equipment installation error, improving the layout accuracy and transplantation accuracy;

[0037] 6. It effectively solves the problem of uneven abrasive distribution in the manufacturing of traditional diamond abrasive tools. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the transplantation mechanism of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 3 This is an exploded structural diagram of the transplantation mechanism of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vertical lifting platform.

[0042] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding mechanism of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding mechanism of the present invention, from another angle.

[0044] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding mechanism of the present invention, and Figure 5 The same angle, but the end of the layout unit connected to the layout plate is rotated upwards.

[0045] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the drive wheel of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 9 This is an exploded structural diagram of the feeding mechanism of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement unit of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement unit of the present invention, from another angle.

[0049] Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional view of the layout device of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of multiple micropores in the layout plate of the layout device of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the roller and abrasive particles in the roller according to the present invention.

[0052] Figure 15 This is a photograph of the abrasive grains arranged in an orderly manner on the abrasive plate.

[0053] Figure 16 This is a flowchart illustrating the method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0055] refer to Figures 1 to 6 The three-dimensional ordered arrangement device for diamond abrasive grains of the present invention mainly includes an arrangement unit 500 with an arranger, a feeding mechanism 400, and a transplanting mechanism 300. The feeding mechanism 400 and the transplanting mechanism 300 are both mounted on a base 100. The feeding mechanism 400 is located at one end of the transplanting mechanism 300 and is approximately at the same horizontal level as the printing chamber 210 of the additive manufacturing device 200. The arrangement unit 500 and the transplanting mechanism 300 are connected and pass through the feeding mechanism 400.

[0056] Structure of transplantation institutions

[0057] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the transplantation mechanism consists of a horizontal electric cylinder 350, a vertical lifting platform, and a rotary cylinder 370. The vertical lifting platform includes a top plate 330, a bottom plate 310, and a vertical motion unit 380 (e.g., a motor, a pneumatic rod, or a lead screw structure, etc.; in this invention, a lead screw structure is specifically used) located between the top plate 330 and the bottom plate 310 to limit the vertical movement distance of the top plate. The horizontal electric cylinder 350 is mounted on the top plate 330 of the vertical lifting platform and is responsible for horizontal movement.

[0058] A rotary cylinder 370 is installed at the end of the telescopic cantilever of the horizontal electric cylinder 350. The middle part of the rotary cylinder 370 can rotate when high-pressure gas is introduced. The rotary cylinder is existing technology and can be purchased directly.

[0059] A tank chain 360 is located next to the horizontal electric cylinder 350. The wires and air pipes are installed inside the tank chain 360 to prevent the wires and air pipes from becoming tangled and interfering with operation.

[0060] Structure of the feeding mechanism

[0061] See Figures 5 to 9 The feeding mechanism includes a drive wheel 420, a baffle 440, a roller 430, a drive wheel bracket 410, and a layout unit 500.

[0062] A drive wheel bracket 410 is mounted on a base 100, and a drive wheel 420 is fixedly mounted on the drive wheel bracket 410. The drive wheel 420 is annular in shape and includes an annular fixed member 423, an annular movable member 424, and a drive gear 422 forming a rotational connection. The movable member 424 is located on the side of the fixed member 423, coaxial with the fixed member 423, and can rotate coaxially with the fixed member 423. The movable member 424 has multiple screw holes 425 spaced apart along its circumference. The drive gear 422 is located below the movable member 424, and the side of the movable member 424 has corresponding teeth along its circumference, so that the rotation of the drive gear 422 can drive the movable member 424 to rotate relative to the fixed member 423. Ball bearings or lubricating oil can be used between the movable member 424 and the fixed member to reduce friction.

[0063] The roller 430 is also annular in shape and is coaxially mounted with the drive wheel 420. A flange 432 extends circumferentially from one side of the roller 430. Screw holes 433 are spaced apart on the flange 432, and the number and position of these screw holes correspond to the number and position of the screw fixing holes 425 on the movable part 424. The roller 430 and the movable part 424 are fixedly connected using screws. Thus, the rotation of the drive gear 422 drives the roller 430 to rotate relative to the fixed part 423. A motor 421 is fixedly mounted on the drive wheel bracket 410, and the drive gear 422 and the output shaft of the motor 421 are fixedly connected to form a synchronous rotational connection.

[0064] The baffle 440 is an arc-shaped plate that passes through the drive wheel 420 and the roller 430. A notch 441 is provided in the center of the baffle 440. The position of the notch 441 corresponds to the position of the roller 430, that is, they are approximately in the same vertical direction.

[0065] The inner wall of the drum 430 is also provided with multiple material troughs 431 along the circumferential direction for holding diamond abrasive grains. When the drum 430 rotates, the diamond abrasive grains in the material troughs 431 will fall onto the arrangement plate under the action of gravity. The baffle 440 is installed on the drive wheel bracket 410 to recover the diamond abrasive grains that are not adsorbed by the arrangement plate, so as to realize the recycling of materials.

[0066] Structure of the distributor

[0067] like Figures 10 to 12 As shown, the distributor is the main core component of the entire device. Taking the first distributor 520 as an example, it mainly consists of a negative pressure cup 524, a distributor plate 529, an electromagnetic striker 528, a first vibrator 525, and a second vibrator 526.

[0068] The negative pressure cup 524 is the main structure of the distributor, with a negative pressure cup top plate 521 at its top and a distributor plate 529 at its bottom. The negative pressure cup top plate 521 has two through holes for mounting a pneumatic quick connector 523 and a waterproof connector 522, respectively. The pneumatic quick connector 523 is used to connect the air hose to apply negative or positive pressure; the waterproof connector 522 is used to lead out the signal lines of the vibrator and the electromagnetic striker.

[0069] The arrangement plate 529 is a key component for achieving the orderly arrangement of diamond abrasive grains; it has regularly arranged micro-through holes (such as...). Figure 13 (As shown). The aperture of these through-holes is precisely designed to be smaller than the diameter of the diamond abrasive grains to be arranged. For example, the aperture is 0.2-0.8 times the diameter of the diamond abrasive grains to be arranged, more preferably 0.3-0.7 times. For example, 0.3 times, 0.4 times, 0.5 times, 0.6 times, and 0.7 times. This design ensures that the diamond abrasive grains are reliably adsorbed while preventing multiple abrasive grains from getting stuck in a single through-hole.

[0070] like Figure 12 As shown, the arrangement plate 529 is detachably fitted to the bottom end of the negative pressure cup 524 to form a sealed cavity. To improve the sealing performance of the device, the negative pressure cup 524 is also provided with at least one sealing ring.

[0071] An electromagnetic striker 528 is installed inside the negative pressure cup 524. When energized, the electromagnetic striker 528 can contact the arrangement plate 529 downwards. The electromagnetic striker 528 cooperates with the top plate 521 of the negative pressure cup via a striker connector 527, and is used to impact the arrangement plate during the transplantation process, helping the diamond abrasive grains to dislodge from the through holes. A first vibrator 525 and a second vibrator 526 are respectively installed on the left and right sides of the electromagnetic striker 528. The first vibrator 525 and the second vibrator 526 cooperate with the striker connector 527 via vibrator connectors, providing vibrational force during the arrangement and transplantation process.

[0072] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the layout unit 500 includes two layout devices, namely a first layout device 520 and a second layout device 530, which are fixed to the layout device fixing plate 510. See also Figure 10 The fabric arranger fixing plate is L-shaped, with two fabric arrangers mounted on the horizontal part of the L-shape, and the vertical part of the L-shape is fixedly connected to the rotating part of the rotary cylinder 370. When the fabric arranger is installed on the horizontal part of the L-shape, the fabric arranger plate passes downward through the horizontal part of the L-shape.

[0073] To compensate for installation errors during equipment setup, the base plate 310 of the vertical lifting platform is equipped with a fine-tuning screw 340. Adjusting this screw ensures the layout plate remains horizontal. Simultaneously, the cantilever end of the horizontal electric cylinder 350 is also equipped with a fine-tuning screw to adjust the cylinder's extension / retraction direction, ensuring it remains collinear with the axis of the roller 430, thereby guaranteeing accurate positioning of the layout device during the material feeding process.

[0074] Three-dimensional ordered arrangement method of diamond abrasive grains

[0075] See Figure 16 Based on the above-mentioned device, the present invention provides a systematic method for three-dimensional ordered arrangement of diamond abrasive grains, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0076] Step S1: Preprocessing

[0077] First, remove the diamond abrasive plate 529 and use a high-frequency ion nozzle to remove static electricity from both the diamond abrasive grains and the plate 529. Static electricity can affect the normal adsorption of the diamond abrasive grains and must be thoroughly removed. Then, use a demagnetizer to demagnetize both the plate and the diamond abrasive grains, eliminating any potential magnetic interference.

[0078] After processing, the diamond abrasive grains are placed into the material trough 431 of the roller 430, and the layout plate is reinstalled on the layout device. This step ensures the smooth progress of the subsequent layout process.

[0079] Step S2: Orderly arrangement of diamonds

[0080] The laying plate 529 of the laying device is moved to the laying position using the transplanting mechanism. The rotary cylinder 370 is adjusted to rotate the laying device fixing plate 510, causing one end of the laying plate to face upwards, and the entire laying device to be positioned in the material dropping area of ​​the drum 430. The feeding mechanism is activated, causing the drum 430 to rotate at a uniform speed. The diamond abrasive grains inside the drum 430 are carried to the top of the laying device and then automatically fall downwards onto the laying plate 529. (See section on diamond abrasive grain dropping from the drum 430 for details.) Figure 14 .

[0081] When the diamond abrasive grains begin to fall onto the arrangement plate 529, a negative pressure is applied to the cavity of the arranger via the pneumatic quick connector 523, simultaneously activating the first vibrator 525 and the second vibrator 526 within the arranger. Under the influence of the negative pressure, the diamond abrasive grains are attracted to the through holes on the arrangement plate, forming a regular arrangement.

[0082] Turn on the vibrator. The vibrator's function is to prevent multiple abrasive grains from accumulating in a single through-hole, ensuring that each through-hole only adsorbs one abrasive grain. The amplitude range is 0.2-1mm, and the vibration frequency is 50-10000Hz. Furthermore, in conjunction with the rotating cylinder 370, the distribution plate of the distributor is tilted or downwards. Unadsorbed diamond abrasive grains will fall onto the baffle 440 under the vibration, and then be collected through the notch 441 into the material trough 431 of the roller 430, achieving material recycling. After distribution is complete, turn off the vibrator and maintain negative pressure to ensure that the distributed diamond abrasive grains do not fall off. See also... Figure 15 This is a photograph of an actual object showing the orderly arrangement of abrasive grains on a plate.

[0083] In this embodiment, two arrangers are provided. Therefore, the arrangement of diamond abrasive grains is carried out in two steps. First, the first arranger is arranged, and then the second arranger is sent into the corresponding position of the roller 430 for arrangement.

[0084] Step S3: Diamond abrasive grain transfer

[0085] After the abrasive grains are arranged, the horizontal electric cylinder 350 of the transplantation mechanism operates, horizontally feeding the abrasive grain arranger located at the end of the telescopic cantilever of the horizontal electric cylinder 350 into the printing chamber 210 of the additive manufacturing device 200. The abrasive grain arranger's plate 529 moves to a position directly above the transplantation surface (such as the printing area of ​​an SLM printer), for example, at a height of 0.1mm-10mm. Preferably, the height is 0.2mm-5mm. This distance ensures that the diamond abrasive grains fall accurately to the designated position while avoiding collision between the abrasive grain arranger and the transplantation surface.

[0086] Next, negative pressure is released and pulsed positive pressure is applied to the cavity of the arranger via pneumatic quick connector 523, with a pulse duration of 0.2-1.5 seconds. The first vibrator 525 and the second vibrator 526 are then activated again, followed by the electromagnetic impact pin 528 striking the arranger plate 529 twice, with an impact duration of 0.1-0.5 milliseconds and an impact force of 0.5-1.5 N. Under the combined action of multiple positive pressures, vibrations, and impacts, all the diamond abrasive grains arranged in an orderly manner on the arranger plate fall onto the transplant surface, completing the transplant process.

[0087] Step S4: Achieve three-dimensional ordered arrangement

[0088] Based on the working principle of an SLM printer, after the diamond abrasive grains transferred by the first distributor (e.g., first distributor 520) of the current layer are transferred, the printer prints the current layer. Then, the printing area drops one layer and lays another layer of printing powder (e.g., diamond abrasive transferred by the second distributor 530). Repeating steps S2 and S3, two or more distributors can be used alternately to improve efficiency.

[0089] Through this layer-by-layer method, a three-dimensional orderly arrangement of diamond abrasive grains is achieved, resulting in high-performance diamond abrasive tools. The abrasive grain misalignment rate in the tools is less than 0.5%, and the misalignment rate is less than 1%. The performance of the manufactured grinding wheels is significantly improved compared to conventional processes, with processing efficiency increased by more than one-third and service life doubled.

[0090] The technical solution of this invention not only solves the problem of uneven abrasive distribution in the manufacturing of traditional diamond abrasive tools, but also provides a feasible technical path for the industrial production of diamond abrasive tools. The device has a reasonable structure, is easy to operate, and has good prospects for industrial application.

[0091] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any non-substantial modifications made to the present invention using this concept shall be considered as infringing upon the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for three-dimensional ordered arrangement of abrasive particles, characterized in that, It includes a layout device, a feeding mechanism, and a transfer mechanism, among which: The abrasive arranger includes a negative pressure cup, an abrasive arrangement plate, a vibrator, and an electromagnetic impactor. The negative pressure cup has at least two through holes at its top, one of which connects to an air pipe via a pneumatic quick-connect fitting, and the other through hole leads out a signal line and a power line. The abrasive arrangement plate is located at the bottom of the negative pressure cup and has multiple regularly spaced through holes for adsorbing abrasive particles. The arrangement plate and the negative pressure cup are sealed together to form a cavity with regularly spaced through holes. The vibrator and the electromagnetic impactor are installed within the cavity of the negative pressure cup, and the electromagnetic impactor can strike the abrasive arrangement plate during movement. The feeding mechanism includes an annular roller, a baffle, and a drive wheel. The inner wall of the annular roller has multiple material grooves along the circumferential direction. The distributor is inserted into the annular roller, and the baffle is inserted between the inner wall of the annular roller and the distributor. The baffle has a notch located in the same vertical direction as the annular roller to transfer and collect excess abrasive particles onto the roller. The drive wheel is coaxially mounted with the annular roller and can drive the annular roller to rotate. The transplantation mechanism includes at least an X-axis motion unit and a rotating unit located at one end or side of the X-axis motion unit, and the arranger is connected to the rotating unit to form a synchronous rotational connection.

2. The abrasive grain three-dimensional ordered arrangement device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The layout device has at least two components, which are mounted on a layout device fixing plate. The layout device fixing plate and the rotating unit are connected in a synchronous rotational relationship.

3. The abrasive grain three-dimensional ordered arrangement device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the regular through holes on the arrangement plate is smaller than the diameter of the diamond abrasive grains to be arranged.

4. The abrasive grain three-dimensional ordered arrangement device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transplantation mechanism includes a horizontal electric cylinder, a vertical lifting platform, and a rotary cylinder. The X-axis motion unit is a horizontal electric cylinder, and the rotation unit is a rotary cylinder. The horizontal electric cylinder is mounted on the vertical lifting platform, and the rotary cylinder is mounted on the cantilever end of the horizontal electric cylinder.

5. The abrasive grain three-dimensional ordered arrangement device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The lower plate of the vertical lifting platform is equipped with fine-tuning screws to compensate for equipment installation errors and ensure that the layout plate remains horizontal; the end of the cantilever of the horizontal electric cylinder is equipped with fine-tuning screws to compensate for equipment installation errors and ensure that the extension and retraction direction of the electric cylinder remains coplanar with the axis of the circular roller.

6. The abrasive grain three-dimensional ordered arrangement device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive wheel includes a drive gear and a fixed part and a movable part that form a rotational connection. The drive gear is located on one side of the movable part, and the side of the movable part has teeth corresponding to the drive gear along the circumferential direction, so that the rotation of the drive gear can drive the movable part to rotate relative to the fixed part. The roller and the movable part are fixedly connected. A motor is fixedly installed on the drive wheel bracket, and the drive gear and the output shaft of the motor are fixedly connected to form a synchronous rotational connection.

7. A method for three-dimensional ordered arrangement of diamond abrasive grains using the apparatus described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Pretreatment: Use a high-frequency ion nozzle to remove static electricity from the abrasive grains and the arrangement plate, and use a demagnetizer to remove residual magnetism from the arrangement plate and the abrasive grains; pour the treated abrasive grains into the circular roller. S2, Orderly Arrangement: The arranger is moved to the feeding mechanism through the transplanting mechanism and the arrangement plate is facing upward. The feeding mechanism is started and the circular roller rotates. The material trough on it drives the abrasive particles from the bottom to the top of the arrangement plate and then falls onto the arrangement plate. Apply negative pressure to the cavity of the distributor, tilt the distributor, start the vibrator, and the abrasive particles are adsorbed by the regular through holes on the distributor plate. The abrasive particles that are not adsorbed are vibrated and fall back to the material trough at the bottom of the annular roller. S3. Transplantation: The transplantation mechanism rotates the arrangement plate to face down and moves it above the designated surface. A pulsed positive pressure is applied to the arrangement device cavity, and the vibrator and electromagnetic striker are activated, causing the abrasive grains on the arrangement plate to fall onto the designated surface. The distribution pattern of the abrasive grains on the arrangement plate is copied to the designated surface to form an orderly arrangement.

8. The method for three-dimensional ordered arrangement of diamond abrasive grains according to claim 7, characterized in that, When there are two or more abrasive grain arrangers, after the abrasive grains on one of the abrasive grain arrangers are arranged, the transplanting mechanism moves horizontally to move the abrasive grain arranger away from the roller position, and the other abrasive grain arranger enters the roller position to arrange the abrasive grains; after the abrasive grains on all the abrasive grain arrangers are arranged, they are sent to the designated position to execute step S3, so that the abrasive grains on multiple abrasive grain arrangers are transferred sequentially and arranged in an orderly manner.

9. An additive manufacturing apparatus, characterized in that, The invention includes the abrasive three-dimensional ordered arrangement device and additive manufacturing device as described in any one of claims 1 to 6; the abrasive three-dimensional ordered arrangement device is installed as an extension module next to the additive manufacturing device, and the printing area of ​​the additive manufacturing device is used as the transfer plane of the abrasive three-dimensional ordered arrangement device.

10. A method of using the additive manufacturing equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Perform step S1; Pretreatment: High-frequency ion nozzles are used to remove static electricity from the abrasive particles and the arrangement plate, and a demagnetizer is used to remove residual magnetism from the arrangement plate and the abrasive particles. The processed abrasive grains are poured into the annular roller; the additive manufacturing equipment is initialized, including setting the 3D model import, the diamond arrangement pattern of each layer, and related parameter settings; Step 2: The additive manufacturing equipment performs powder spreading and scrapes the metal powder in the printing area to form the surface to be printed; Step 3: Execute step S2, orderly arrangement: Move the arranger to the feeding mechanism through the transplanting mechanism and make the arrangement plate face up. Start the feeding mechanism, the circular roller rotates, and the material trough on it drives the abrasive particles from the bottom to the top of the arrangement plate, and then they fall onto the arrangement plate. Apply negative pressure to the cavity of the distributor, tilt the distributor, start the vibrator, and the abrasive particles are adsorbed by the regular through holes on the distributor plate. The abrasive particles that are not adsorbed are vibrated and fall back to the material trough at the bottom of the annular roller. Step 4: Using the printing surface from Step 2 as the transfer plane, execute Step S3. Rotate the layout plate to face down and move it above the designated surface using the transfer mechanism. Apply pulsed positive pressure to the layout device cavity and start the vibrator and electromagnetic impact pin. The abrasive particles on the layout plate fall onto the designated surface, and the distribution pattern of the abrasive particles on the layout plate is copied to the designated surface to form an orderly arrangement. Step 5: The additive manufacturing equipment starts the laser and scans the surface to be printed according to the set scanning mode to complete one printing surface; Step 6: Repeat steps 2, 3, and 4 to obtain N layers of printed surfaces stacked together, thereby forming an abrasive body with a set three-dimensional structure and controllable distribution of internal abrasive particles.

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