Channel engineering construction diversion structure and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a flow guide structure and method for channel engineering construction, and belongs to the technical field of channel engineering.The flow guide structure for channel engineering construction comprises an upstream barrage, a downstream barrage, a water level adjusting well, a flow guide pipeline, a vacuum pump and a control module, the downstream barrage is arranged on the downstream of a channel construction working face in an interception mode, the water level adjusting well is arranged on the downstream side of the downstream barrage and provided with a submersible pump and a gate, the submersible pump is communicated with downstream water through an adjusting pipeline, and the two ends of the flow guide pipeline are communicated with the water level adjusting well and upstream water on the inflow side of the upstream barrage respectively. The control module is in communication connection with the submersible pump, and the gate is in communication connection with the vacuum pump. According to the technical scheme, the dynamic storage and drainage capacity of the water level adjusting well is utilized, and the negative pressure in the flow guiding pipeline is actively adjusted and controlled through the vacuum pump, so that the system can flexibly adjust the flow guiding capacity according to actual hydrological conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waterway engineering technology, and in particular to a waterway engineering construction diversion structure and method. Background Technology

[0002] Inverted siphon diversion technology is a common method for transporting water across dams by utilizing the siphon effect. Its principle is to create negative pressure within the diversion pipe, using the potential energy generated by the difference in water levels upstream and downstream to allow water to flow automatically from a higher level to a lower level, thus bypassing the construction area. Therefore, in waterway and hydraulic engineering construction, inverted siphon diversion technology has become an important technical means for dry-land construction due to its characteristic of requiring no external power input.

[0003] Currently, the rigid structural characteristics of traditional inverted siphon diversion systems reveal significant technical limitations when dealing with complex hydrological conditions. Specifically, this fixed-lay diversion pipeline system is a static engineering solution, with its design parameters determined based on pre-construction hydrological data, making substantial adjustments difficult once installed. For instance, in actual engineering operations, when encountering fluctuations in hydrological conditions, such as seasonal flow changes, sudden rainstorm runoff, or tidal effects, the system's diversion capacity often exhibits a severe mismatch. Specifically, insufficient diversion capacity during the high-water season increases the risk of flooding in the construction area, while excessive diversion during the dry season may cause downstream ecological disturbance. This rigid flow regulation characteristic has kept inverted siphon diversion technology at a low-efficiency, high-risk application level for a long time, severely restricting the adaptability and reliability of projects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this invention proposes a waterway engineering construction diversion structure that can automatically adjust its diversion capacity according to water level changes, achieving efficient diversion, thereby improving construction efficiency and ensuring construction safety.

[0005] This invention also proposes a method for diverting water during waterway engineering construction.

[0006] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a waterway construction diversion structure includes: an upstream dam, which is located upstream of the waterway construction work face; a downstream dam, which is located downstream of the waterway construction work face; a water level regulating well, located on the backwater side of the downstream dam, the water level regulating well being equipped with a submersible pump and a gate, the submersible pump being connected to the downstream water body through a regulating pipe, the submersible pump being used to regulate the water level in the water level regulating well, and the gate being used to control the discharge rate of the water level regulating well; a diversion pipe, one end of which is connected to the water level regulating well, and the other end of which is connected to the upstream water body on the inflow side of the upstream dam; a vacuum pump, which is connected to the diversion pipe; and a control module, which is communicatively connected to the submersible pump, the gate, and the vacuum pump.

[0007] It has at least the following beneficial effects: By utilizing the dynamic storage and discharge capacity of the water level regulating well, combined with the active regulation of negative pressure in the diversion pipeline by the vacuum pump, the system can flexibly adjust its diversion capacity according to actual hydrological conditions. When the upstream water flow increases, the submersible pump accelerates drainage and works with the gate to control the discharge speed, thereby adjusting the diversion capacity by reducing the water level difference between the upstream water body and the water level regulating well. When the upstream water flow decreases, the submersible pump reduces the pumping intensity and works with the gate to control the discharge speed, thereby adjusting the diversion capacity by increasing the water level difference between the upstream water body and the water level regulating well. This avoids excessive diversion caused by excessive water level difference, thus achieving adaptive response to complex hydrological conditions such as seasonal flow fluctuations, rainstorm runoff, and tidal changes. It effectively solves the problems of insufficient diversion capacity during the wet season or excessive diversion during the dry season, while retaining the energy-saving advantages of inverted siphon technology, providing a more efficient construction diversion solution for waterways and water conservancy projects.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a filter screen is provided at the water inlet end of the guide pipe.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the orientation of the inlet end of the diversion pipe is perpendicular to the riverbed.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the diversion pipe is laid openly in sequence at the top of the downstream dam, the middle section of the riverbed, and the upstream dam.

[0011] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a waterway construction diversion method employs the waterway construction diversion structure described in the first aspect of the present invention, comprising: The flow rate of the river section is determined based on the hydrological data of the construction section, the design diversion flow rate is determined based on the flow rate of the river section, the maximum backwater height is determined based on the topographic constraint parameters, and the preset diameter and preset quantity of the diversion pipeline are determined based on the design diversion flow rate and the maximum backwater height. An upstream dam is built upstream of the construction section, a downstream dam is built downstream of the construction section, and a water level regulating well is built on the backwater side of the downstream dam. Diversion pipes are laid on the top of the upstream dam, the middle section of the riverbed, and the downstream dam, so that the inlet end of the diversion pipe is connected to the upstream water body and the outlet end is connected to the water level regulating well. The air in the guide pipe is evacuated by a vacuum pump to create an initial negative pressure, and the gate valve of the guide pipe is opened to establish siphon guidance. Real-time monitoring of the real-time water level difference between the upstream water body and the water level in the water level regulating well, and adjustment of the flow guidance state between the upstream and downstream water bodies based on the real-time water level difference.

[0012] It has at least the following beneficial effects: The diversion method for waterway construction has all the beneficial effects brought about by the above-mentioned diversion structure for waterway construction, which will not be repeated here.

[0013] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, after determining the preset pipe diameter and preset number of diversion pipes based on the designed diversion flow rate and the maximum backwater height, the method further includes: determining the engineering layout scheme of the diversion pipes based on the preset pipe diameter and preset number of diversion pipes; determining the flow coefficient reflecting the overall water conveying efficiency of the diversion pipes based on the engineering layout scheme; and verifying whether the theoretical water conveying capacity of the engineering layout scheme meets the diversion requirements based on the flow coefficient, the preset pipe diameter, and the maximum backwater height.

[0014] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, determining the flow coefficient reflecting the overall water conveyance efficiency of the diversion pipeline based on the engineering layout scheme includes: obtaining the angle parameters of the turning components in the diversion pipeline based on the engineering layout scheme, and determining the local head loss coefficient of the turning components based on the angle parameters; measuring and obtaining the preset laying length of the straight pipe section in the diversion pipeline based on the engineering layout scheme, and determining the friction head loss coefficient of the straight pipe section based on the preset laying length; and calculating the flow coefficient reflecting the overall water conveyance efficiency of the diversion pipeline based on the preset pipe diameter, preset laying length, local head loss coefficient, and friction head loss coefficient.

[0015] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, verifying whether the theoretical water conveying capacity of the engineering layout scheme meets the diversion requirements based on the flow coefficient, preset pipe diameter, and maximum backwater height includes: obtaining the theoretical water conveying flow rate of the diversion pipe at the maximum backwater height based on the flow coefficient, preset pipe diameter, and maximum backwater height; comparing and verifying the theoretical water conveying flow rate with the designed diversion flow rate; determining that the engineering layout scheme meets the requirements when the theoretical water conveying flow rate is not less than the designed diversion flow rate; and determining that the engineering layout scheme does not meet the requirements and readjusting the preset pipe diameter and preset quantity of the diversion pipe when the theoretical water conveying flow rate is less than the designed diversion flow rate.

[0016] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, adjusting the flow state of upstream and downstream water bodies based on real-time water level difference includes: generating a first flow compensation command when the real-time water level difference is lower than a first preset threshold, and controlling the gate to increase its opening at a first preset rate based on the first flow compensation command; generating a second flow compensation command after the gate opening reaches a first critical opening and the real-time water level difference continues to be lower than a second preset threshold for a first preset determination time, and controlling the submersible pump to pump water from the water level adjustment well at a first preset pumping rate based on the second flow compensation command.

[0017] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, adjusting the flow state of upstream and downstream water bodies based on real-time water level difference includes: generating a first flow suppression command when the real-time water level difference is higher than a third preset threshold, and controlling the gate to reduce its opening at a second preset rate based on the first flow suppression command; generating a second flow suppression command when the gate opening reaches a second critical opening and the real-time water level difference continues to be higher than a fourth preset threshold for a second preset determination time, and controlling the submersible pump to inject water into the water level regulating well at a second preset pumping rate based on the second flow suppression command.

[0018] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the upstream dam in a waterway engineering construction diversion structure according to a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the downstream dam structure of a waterway engineering construction diversion structure according to a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating a waterway engineering construction diversion method according to a specific embodiment.

[0020] Figure label: Upstream dam 100, downstream dam 200, water level regulating well 300, submersible pump 310, gate 320, diversion pipe 400, filter screen 410, support 420, vacuum pump 500, upstream water body 10, middle section riverbed 20, downstream water body 30. Detailed Implementation

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0022] In the description of this invention, "several" means one or more, "multiple" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," "exceeding," etc. are understood to exclude the stated number, and "above," "below," "within," etc. are understood to include the stated number. If "first," "second," etc. are used in the description, they are only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features or the order of the indicated technical features.

[0023] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "set", "install", and "connect" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0024] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 This embodiment discloses a waterway engineering construction diversion structure, including an upstream dam 100, a downstream dam 200, a water level regulating well 300, a diversion pipe 400, a vacuum pump 500, and a control module. The upstream dam 100 is located upstream of the waterway construction work surface, and the downstream dam 200 is located downstream of the waterway construction work surface. The water level regulating well 300 is located on the backwater side of the downstream dam 200 and is equipped with a submersible pump 310 and a gate. 320, submersible pump 310 is connected to downstream water body 30 through regulating pipe. Submersible pump 310 is used to regulate the water level in water level regulating well 300. Gate 320 is used to control the discharge speed of water level regulating well 300. One end of diversion pipe 400 is connected to water level regulating well 300, and the other end is connected to upstream water body 10 on the upstream side of upstream dam 100. Vacuum pump 500 is connected to diversion pipe 400. Control module is communicatively connected to submersible pump 310, and gate 320 is communicatively connected to vacuum pump 500.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, the upstream dam 100 is installed on the upstream side of the construction work face to intercept upstream water and reduce the impact of water flow on the construction area; as Figure 2As shown, the downstream dam 200 is located on the downstream side of the construction work area, forming a closed construction zone together with the upstream dam 100 to prevent backflow of downstream water 30. The water level regulating well 300 is located on the backwater side of the downstream dam 200, and is equipped with a submersible pump 310 and a gate 320. The submersible pump 310 is connected to the downstream water 30 through a regulating pipe, and can actively pump or replenish water to precisely regulate the water level in the well. The gate 320 is used to control the discharge rate, ensuring a smooth water level transition and avoiding adverse effects on construction from sudden water level changes. The two ends of the diversion pipe 400 are connected to the water level regulating well 300 and the upstream water 10 on the inflow side of the upstream dam 100, respectively. Working in conjunction with the vacuum pump 500, it can quickly pump or divert water when necessary, improving water regulation efficiency. The control module is communicatively connected to the submersible pump 310, the gate 320, and the vacuum pump 500, which monitors water level changes in real time and automatically adjusts the equipment operating status to achieve intelligent and precise water level management, ensuring construction safety and efficiency.

[0026] The technical solution of this invention utilizes the dynamic storage and discharge capacity of the water level regulating well 300, combined with the active regulation of negative pressure within the diversion pipe 400 by the vacuum pump 500, enabling the system to flexibly adjust its diversion capacity according to actual hydrological conditions. When the upstream water flow increases, the submersible pump 310 accelerates drainage and works with the gate 320 to control the discharge speed, thereby adjusting the diversion capacity by reducing the water level difference between the upstream water body 10 and the water level regulating well 300. When the upstream water flow decreases, the submersible pump 310 reduces its pumping intensity and works with the gate 320 to control the discharge speed, thereby adjusting the diversion capacity by increasing the water level difference between the upstream water body 10 and the water level regulating well 300. This avoids excessive diversion caused by excessive water level difference, thus achieving adaptive response to complex hydrological conditions such as seasonal flow fluctuations, rainstorm runoff, and tidal changes. It effectively solves the problems of insufficient diversion capacity during the wet season or excessive diversion during the dry season, while retaining the energy-saving advantages of inverted siphon technology, providing a more efficient construction diversion solution for waterways and water conservancy projects.

[0027] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, a filter screen 410 is provided at the water inlet end of the flow guide pipe 400.

[0028] In traditional inverted siphon diversion systems, the inlet end of the diversion pipe 400 lacks an effective filtration device, allowing suspended solids, silt, or debris in the water to easily enter the pipe. Over long-term operation, these impurities can cause pipe blockage, wear, or reduced siphon efficiency, increasing maintenance costs and potentially affecting the diversion effect in the construction area due to unstable flow. This problem is particularly pronounced in rivers with high sediment content or during the rainy season, severely limiting the reliability and lifespan of the diversion system. To address these issues, this invention adds a filter screen 410 to the inlet end of the diversion pipe 400. Its pore size is designed according to actual hydrological and sediment conditions, effectively intercepting large particles such as branches, stones, and plastics, as well as some suspended silt, thereby reducing impurities entering the diversion pipe 400 at the source and preventing scaling or localized blockages on the pipe's inner wall.

[0029] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the orientation of the water inlet end of the diversion pipe 400 is perpendicular to the riverbed.

[0030] It should be noted that in the engineering practice of traditional inverted siphon diversion systems, the arrangement of the inlet end of the diversion pipe 400 is often not specifically designed and optimized, and is usually arranged horizontally or obliquely. This conventional arrangement easily leads to turbulent flow near the inlet, forming local eddies and strong turbulent zones, which not only increases water flow resistance and reduces diversion efficiency, but may also cause the siphon process to be interrupted. Secondly, horizontal or oblique inlets are very likely to directly suck in sediments such as silt and gravel from the riverbed into the pipe, causing internal wear and blockage. When the water level fluctuates, it is also easier to suck in air, which seriously undermines the stability of the siphon effect. The technical solution of this invention arranges the diversion pipe 400 perpendicular to the riverbed. This vertical arrangement allows the water flow to enter smoothly along the pipe axis, minimizing energy loss near the inlet, while effectively preventing the direct sucking in of riverbed sediments. It can also reliably prevent air from entering the pipe under fluctuating water level conditions, ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the siphon effect.

[0031] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the diversion pipe 400 is laid openly on the top of the downstream dam 200, the middle riverbed 20 and the upstream dam 100 in sequence.

[0032] It should be noted that traditional inverted siphon diversion systems primarily employ a buried pipeline layout. In conventional designs, buried pipelines leverage the surrounding soil to enhance structural integrity, preventing direct impact from water flow and ship collisions, and minimizing the effects of temperature variations on the pipe material. This is crucial for ensuring the long-term stable operation of the diversion system. However, because the pipelines are completely buried underground, routine maintenance requires breaking up the soil for backfilling, resulting in high maintenance costs. Furthermore, this rigid layout is difficult to adjust once completed, failing to adapt to changes in operating conditions during construction and hindering real-time monitoring of pipeline operation. Often, minor issues are only discovered when they escalate into major malfunctions, severely limiting the flexibility and reliability of the diversion system. Therefore, laying the pipeline system directly on top of the downstream dam 200, the middle riverbed 20, and the upstream dam 100 allows engineers to inspect pipeline operation at any time, promptly identifying and addressing leaks and blockages, significantly improving maintenance efficiency. Simultaneously, the pipeline's direction and slope can be flexibly adjusted according to changes in the hydrological conditions of the construction area, adapting to the needs of different construction stages.

[0033] Furthermore, the exposed diversion pipe 400 adopts segmented anchoring technology, that is, high-strength concrete supports or steel structure brackets 420 are set at certain intervals. These support structures not only bear the weight of the pipe, but also are firmly connected to the dam or riverbed through pre-embedded anchor rods to form a rigid support system to resist lateral water flow.

[0034] The following is based on Figures 1 to 2 The structure shown further illustrates the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention. Secondly, the embodiments of the present invention provide a waterway engineering construction diversion method, applied to a waterway engineering construction diversion structure, referring to... Figure 3 , Figure 3 A flowchart of a waterway engineering construction diversion method provided in this embodiment of the invention includes, but is not limited to, the following steps: The flow rate of the river section is determined based on the hydrological data of the construction section, the design diversion flow rate is determined based on the flow rate of the river section, the maximum backwater height is determined based on the topographic constraint parameters, and the preset diameter and preset quantity of the diversion pipe 400 are determined based on the design diversion flow rate and the maximum backwater height. An upstream dam 100 is constructed upstream of the construction section, a downstream dam 200 is constructed downstream of the construction section, and a water level regulating well 300 is constructed on the backwater side of the downstream dam 200. A diversion pipe 400 is laid on the top of the upstream dam 100, the middle section of the riverbed 20 and the downstream dam 200, so that the inlet end of the diversion pipe 400 is connected to the upstream water body 10 and the outlet end is connected to the water level regulating well 300. The air inside the guide pipe 400 is evacuated by vacuum pump 500 to form an initial negative pressure, and the gate valve of the guide pipe 400 is opened to establish siphon guidance. The real-time water level difference between the upstream water body 10 and the water level in the water level regulating well 300 is monitored, and the flow guidance status between the upstream water body 10 and the downstream water body 30 is adjusted based on the real-time water level difference.

[0035] In the technical solution of this invention, a closed dry construction environment is formed in the construction section by the upstream dam 100 and the downstream dam 200. The water level regulating well 300 set on the downstream side serves as the hydraulic control center of the entire diversion system. After the vacuum pump 500 establishes the initial negative pressure in the diversion pipe 400, the potential energy of the upstream water body 10 will drive the water flow through the pipe to the water level regulating well 300, forming a continuous siphon effect. This diversion method is essentially to achieve non-powered water conveyance through the synergistic effect of atmospheric pressure difference and water level difference. Specifically, when the water inflow increases and the water level difference decreases, the diversion capacity is enhanced by increasing the opening of the gate 320 or controlling the submersible pump 310 to pump water. Conversely, when the water inflow decreases and the water level difference becomes too large, the excessive diversion is suppressed by reducing the opening of the gate 320 or by reverse water injection. This allows the system to maintain the water level difference at a normal level and automatically maintain the optimal diversion state. This ensures that the construction area is not threatened by flooding and avoids drastic fluctuations in the downstream water body 30, achieving efficient and stable adaptive construction diversion.

[0036] It should be noted that the gate valve on the flow guide pipe 400 is the control valve of the flow guide pipe 400.

[0037] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, after determining the preset diameter and preset quantity of the diversion pipe 400 based on the designed diversion flow rate and the maximum backwater height, the method further includes: determining the engineering layout scheme of the diversion pipe 400 based on the preset diameter and preset quantity of the diversion pipe 400; determining the flow coefficient reflecting the overall water conveying efficiency of the diversion pipe 400 based on the engineering layout scheme; and verifying whether the theoretical water conveying capacity of the engineering layout scheme meets the diversion requirements based on the flow coefficient, the preset pipe diameter, and the maximum backwater height.

[0038] It should be noted that the technical solution of this invention also includes a water level monitoring sensor group, a pipeline status sensor group, and a flow monitoring sensor group, which are connected to the control module via wired or wireless means. The water level monitoring sensor group consists of an upstream water level sensor and a regulating well water level sensor. The upstream water level sensor is installed at a predetermined position on the upstream face of the upstream dam 100, and the regulating well water level sensor is installed on the inner wall of the regulating well 300. The pipeline status sensor group includes a pressure sensor and a pipe wall vibration sensor installed at the top of the diversion pipe 400. The flow monitoring sensor group consists of electromagnetic flowmeters installed at the inlet and outlet ends of the diversion pipe 400. The sensor systems used in this invention are all conventionally configured in the art, and these sensors are installed at their respective monitoring positions according to well-known arrangements in the art, which will not be described in detail here.

[0039] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, determining the flow coefficient reflecting the overall water conveyance efficiency of the diversion pipeline 400 based on the engineering layout scheme includes: obtaining the angle parameters of the turning components in the diversion pipeline 400 based on the engineering layout scheme, and determining the local head loss coefficient of the turning components based on the angle parameters; measuring and obtaining the preset laying length of the straight pipe section in the diversion pipeline 400 based on the engineering layout scheme, and determining the friction head loss coefficient of the straight pipe section based on the preset laying length; and calculating the flow coefficient reflecting the overall water conveyance efficiency of the diversion pipeline 400 based on the preset pipe diameter, preset laying length, local head loss coefficient, and friction head loss coefficient.

[0040] The flow coefficient is calculated using the following formula: ; In the formula, The flow coefficient characterizes the efficiency of water transport in the pipeline. This is the head loss coefficient along the pipe, which is related to the roughness of the pipe wall and the Reynolds number; l This refers to the length of the straight pipe section, in meters (m). d This refers to the inner diameter of the pipe, in meters (m). This is the local head loss coefficient, reflecting the resistance of pipe fittings such as elbows and valves to water flow.

[0041] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, verifying whether the theoretical water conveying capacity of the engineering layout scheme meets the diversion requirements based on the flow coefficient, preset pipe diameter, and maximum backwater height includes: obtaining the theoretical water conveying flow rate of the diversion pipe 400 at the maximum backwater height based on the flow coefficient, preset pipe diameter, and maximum backwater height; comparing and verifying the theoretical water conveying flow rate with the designed diversion flow rate; determining that the engineering layout scheme meets the requirements when the theoretical water conveying flow rate is not less than the designed diversion flow rate; and determining that the engineering layout scheme does not meet the requirements and readjusting the preset pipe diameter and preset quantity of the diversion pipe 400 when the theoretical water conveying flow rate is less than the designed diversion flow rate.

[0042] The pipeline's water transport capacity is verified using the following formula two: ; In the formula: Q The theoretical water flow rate is expressed in units of... ; For flow coefficient; A This refers to the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipe, in units of... ,in, , This refers to the inner diameter of the pipe, in meters (m). g Let be the acceleration due to gravity, taken as 9.81. ; H This represents the maximum backwater height, measured in meters (m).

[0043] It should be noted that the topographic constraint parameters include, but are not limited to, the longitudinal slope of the riverbed, the cross-sectional shape, the extreme value of the riverbed elevation, the slope stability coefficient, and the bank slope inclination.

[0044] It should be noted that the present invention is based on real-time water level difference adjustment of the diversion state of upstream water body 10 and downstream water body 30. That is, by real-time monitoring of the water level difference between upstream water body 10 and downstream water level adjustment well 300, the operating state of the diversion system is dynamically adjusted, specifically including the following control modes: low water level difference enhancement control mode, high water level difference suppression control mode, extreme working condition collaborative operation mode, and siltation working condition operation mode.

[0045] It should be noted that an upstream water level sensor is installed at a preset distance from the upstream water body 10, and a downstream water level sensor is installed inside the regulating well structure to monitor the real-time water level difference between the upstream water body 10 and the water level inside the regulating well 300, including: Water level parameters from upstream water level sensors and regulating well water level sensors are collected synchronously based on a predetermined sampling frequency. The real-time water level difference between upstream water body 10 and downstream water body 30 is calculated based on the water level parameters of upstream water level sensor and regulating well water level sensor. When the real-time water level difference is within the first preset range, maintain the existing equipment operation status; When the real-time water level difference is lower than the lower limit of the first preset interval, the low water level difference enhanced control mode is activated. When the real-time water level difference exceeds the upper limit of the first preset interval, the high water level difference suppression control mode is activated.

[0046] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, under normal operation monitoring mode, the gate 320 maintains a preset reference opening degree, and the submersible pump 310 and vacuum pump 500 are in hot standby state.

[0047] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the low water level difference enhanced control mode includes: When the real-time water level difference is detected to be lower than the first preset threshold, a first flow compensation command is generated. Based on the first flow compensation command, the gate 320 is controlled to increase its opening at a first preset rate. The first preset threshold is the lower limit of the first preset interval. When the gate 320 reaches the first critical opening degree and the real-time water level difference continues to be lower than the second preset threshold for a first preset judgment time, a second flow compensation command is generated. Based on the second flow compensation command, the submersible pump 310 is controlled to pump water from the water level regulating well 300 at a first preset pumping rate until the real-time water level difference is restored to the range of the first preset interval.

[0048] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the high water level difference suppression control mode includes: When the real-time water level difference is detected to be higher than the third preset threshold, a first flow suppression command is generated. Based on the first flow suppression command, the gate 320 is controlled to reduce its opening at a second preset rate. The third preset threshold is the upper limit of the first preset range. When the gate 320 reaches the second critical opening degree and the real-time water level difference continues to be higher than the fourth preset threshold for a second preset judgment time, a second flow suppression command is generated. Based on the second flow suppression command, the submersible pump 310 is controlled to switch to the reverse water conveyance mode and inject water into the water level regulating well 300 at the second preset pumping rate until the real-time water level difference falls back to the first preset range.

[0049] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the extreme working condition collaborative operation mode includes: When the real-time water level difference is detected to be higher than the fifth preset threshold, a third flow suppression command is generated, wherein: The first sub-command drives the gate 320 to reduce its opening at the second preset rate; The second sub-command controls the submersible pump 310 to switch to reverse water delivery mode and inject water into the water level regulating well 300 at the second preset pumping rate; When the real-time water level difference falls back to the first preset range and operates stably for the third preset judgment time, it switches to normal operation monitoring mode.

[0050] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, a dynamic evaluation model for fluid transport efficiency can also be established. By monitoring the system transport efficiency parameters in real time, the control module generates an oscillation adjustment signal based on the transport efficiency parameters, and then controls the gate 320 to oscillate and change its opening degree periodically according to the oscillation adjustment signal. It should be noted that when the gate 320 is opened wide, the water flow velocity increases sharply, and the resulting shear force suspends the sediment deposited at the bottom of the pipe; when the gate 320 is closed, the flow velocity drops sharply, causing heavier particles to settle again, achieving stratified separation of sediment. At the same time, the intermittent pulse operation of the submersible pump 310 creates periodic water level fluctuations in the water level regulating well 300. That is, when the pump starts, the water level in the well drops rapidly, forming a reverse pressure gradient at the pipe outlet, inducing local reverse flow. This reverse flow superimposes with the forward mainstream to generate vortices, effectively flushing away the adhesive sediment on the pipe wall.

[0051] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A waterway engineering construction diversion structure, characterized in that, include: An upstream dam (100) is set up upstream of the waterway construction work face to intercept the river. Downstream dam (200), the downstream dam (200) is set downstream of the waterway construction operation face; A water level regulating well (300) is provided on the backwater side of the downstream dam (200). The water level regulating well (300) is equipped with a submersible pump (310) and a gate (320). The submersible pump (310) is connected to the downstream water body (30) through a regulating pipe. The submersible pump (310) is used to regulate the water level in the water level regulating well (300). The gate (320) is used to control the discharge speed of the water level regulating well (300). A diversion pipe (400) is connected at one end to the water level regulating well (300) and at the other end to the upstream water body (10) on the water inflow side of the upstream dam (100). A vacuum pump (500) is connected to the flow guide pipe (400). The control module is communicatively connected to the submersible pump (310), the gate (320), and the vacuum pump (500).

2. The waterway engineering construction diversion structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inlet end of the flow guide pipe (400) is equipped with a filter screen (410).

3. The waterway engineering construction diversion structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inlet end of the diversion pipe (400) is oriented perpendicular to the riverbed.

4. The waterway engineering construction diversion structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The diversion pipe (400) is laid openly on the top of the downstream dam (200), the middle riverbed (20) and the upstream dam (100) in sequence.

5. A method for diverting water during waterway engineering construction, characterized in that, The waterway engineering construction diversion structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 4 includes: The flow rate of the river section is determined based on the hydrological data of the construction section, the design diversion flow rate is determined based on the flow rate of the river section, the maximum backwater height is determined based on the topographic constraint parameters, and the preset diameter and preset quantity of the diversion pipe (400) are determined based on the design diversion flow rate and the maximum backwater height. An upstream dam (100) is constructed upstream of the construction section, a downstream dam (200) is constructed downstream of the construction section, and a water level regulating well (300) is constructed on the backwater side of the downstream dam (200). The diversion pipe (400) is laid on top of the upstream dam (100), the middle section of the riverbed (20) and the downstream dam (200), so that the inlet end of the diversion pipe (400) is connected to the upstream water body (10) and the outlet end is connected to the water level regulating well (300). The air in the guide pipe (400) is evacuated by the vacuum pump (500) to form an initial negative pressure, and the gate valve of the guide pipe (400) is opened to establish siphon flow. The real-time water level difference between the upstream water body (10) and the water level in the water level regulating well (300) is monitored in real time, and the flow guidance state between the upstream water body (10) and the downstream water body (30) is adjusted based on the real-time water level difference.

6. The waterway engineering construction diversion method according to claim 5, characterized in that, After determining the preset diameter and preset quantity of the diversion pipe (400) based on the designed diversion flow rate and the maximum backwater height, the method further includes: Based on the preset pipe diameter and preset quantity of the diversion pipe (400), the engineering layout scheme of the diversion pipe (400) is determined, and based on the engineering layout scheme, the flow coefficient reflecting the overall water conveyance efficiency of the diversion pipe (400) is determined. Based on the flow coefficient, the preset pipe diameter, and the maximum backwater height, verify whether the theoretical water conveyance capacity of the engineering layout scheme meets the diversion requirements.

7. The waterway engineering construction diversion method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The flow coefficient reflecting the overall water conveyance efficiency of the diversion pipeline (400) is determined based on the aforementioned engineering layout scheme, including: Based on the engineering layout scheme, obtain the angle parameters of the turning component in the diversion pipe (400), and determine the local head loss coefficient of the turning component according to the angle parameters; Based on the engineering layout scheme, the preset laying length of the straight pipe section in the diversion pipe (400) is measured and obtained, and the friction head loss coefficient of the straight pipe section is determined according to the preset laying length. Based on the preset pipe diameter, the preset laying length, the local head loss coefficient, and the friction head loss coefficient, the flow coefficient reflecting the overall water conveyance efficiency of the diversion pipe (400) is calculated.

8. The waterway engineering construction diversion method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Verify whether the theoretical water conveyance capacity of the engineering layout scheme meets the diversion requirements based on the flow coefficient, the preset pipe diameter, and the maximum backwater height, including: The theoretical water flow rate of the diversion pipe (400) at the maximum backwater height is obtained based on the flow coefficient, the preset pipe diameter, and the maximum backwater height. The theoretical water conveyance flow rate and the designed diversion flow rate are compared and verified. When the theoretical water conveyance flow rate is not less than the design diversion flow rate, the engineering layout scheme is deemed to meet the requirements. When the theoretical water flow rate is less than the designed diversion flow rate, it is determined that the engineering layout scheme does not meet the requirements and the preset pipe diameter and preset quantity of the diversion pipe (400) are readjusted.

9. The waterway engineering construction diversion method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Adjusting the flow guidance state between the upstream water body (10) and the downstream water body (30) based on the real-time water level difference includes: When the real-time water level difference is lower than the first preset threshold, a first flow compensation command is generated, and the gate (320) is controlled to increase its opening at a first preset rate based on the first flow compensation command; When the gate (320) reaches the first critical opening degree and the real-time water level difference is continuously lower than the second preset threshold for a first preset judgment time, a second flow compensation command is generated. Based on the second flow compensation command, the submersible pump (310) is controlled to pump water from the water level regulating well (300) at a first preset pumping rate.

10. The waterway engineering construction diversion method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Adjusting the flow guidance state between the upstream water body (10) and the downstream water body (30) based on the real-time water level difference includes: When the real-time water level difference is higher than the third preset threshold, a first flow suppression command is generated, and the gate (320) is controlled to reduce its opening at a second preset rate based on the first flow suppression command; When the gate (320) reaches the second critical opening degree and the real-time water level difference continues to be higher than the fourth preset threshold for a second preset judgment time, a second flow suppression command is generated. Based on the second flow suppression command, the submersible pump (310) is controlled to inject water into the water level regulating well (300) at a second preset pumping rate.

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